P\-sf bP-am\-\m-pp, Cu \nbaw

]memv tamlZmkv
ASp--Im-ew-hsc \psS P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-n Hcp henb sshcp-[yw \ne-\nn-cp-p bP-am-\-m P\--fm-bn-cn-s-s AXv HutZym-Kn-I- Im-cy- P\-fn \nv cl-ky-amn hn-cp-p. hmkvX-h-n P\m-[n-]Xyw AY-]qW-am-h-W-san `cWclkyw ]mSn-m--Xm-Wv. Fm `c-W-Im-cy- P\-fn \nv Hfn-p-hbvm-\mbn {_no-jp-Im \S-m-nb 1923se HutZym-KnI clky \nbaw Nphp\mSbpsSbpw _yqtdm{Ikn-bp-sSbpsams cq]-n `c-W-Iq-S-n\pw P\-p-an-S-bn
tIm-a-d-bmbn \ne-sIm-p.
`cWIm-cy-tfm \S-]-Sn-Itfm HutZym-Kn-Iamb hnh-c-tfm bP-am-\ Fp ]d-bp
s]mXp-P-\-n\v Bh-iy-s-Sm Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. Bh-iy-s-ms Inp-am-bn-cpn-. ^e-n bP-am-\s m\w `c-W-Iq-S-n\pw HutZym-KnI Nn-h--pw
]pd-m-bn-cp-p.
2005 Pq 15\v hnh-cm-h-Im-i -\n-baw ]me-sav AwKo-I-cn-p--Xp-hsc Cu sshcp[yw
\ne-\n-p. hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw \S-n-em-b-tXmsS IY-am-dn. shfn-sSpp--Xn \nv
Hgn-hm-n-bn-p-h HgnsI GXp hnh-chpw Bh-iy-mv e`y-am-Ip-sa nXn- h-p.
AtXmsS kzw- \n-e-bn {]hnpI -F \ne-bn \nv _yqtdm-{Ikn icn-bmb
coXn-bn \nb-a- \S-m-p--Xn-\p hml\ F- \n-e-bn-tev amdn-bn-cn-pp. Cu AY-n P\m-[n-]-Xy-n\v KXn-tImPw \Ip C-\-am-bn-cn-p-I-bmWv
hnh-cm-h-Im-i-\n-b-aw.
P\-p thn -`-cn-pI F dqtm-bpsS tkmjy tIm{SmIvSv knmw
{]mhn-Iam-pI IqSn-bmWn-hn-sS. AXm-bXv `c-Ww, A[n-Im-cw Fsms ]d-bpXv icn-bmb coXn-bn `cn-p--Xn\v P\-- NpaX-es-Sp-p--Xm-Wv. P\-
Adnp-\Ip `c-W-p-a-X-e-I-fmWv A[n-Imcw. icn-bmb coXn-bn `cWw \nh-lnp--Xn\v P\- \In-bn-cn-p Ah-Imiw BWv kmam-Pn-Ip {]tXyI
Ah-Im-i-t]mepw. AXn-\m, icn-bmb coXn-bn-emtWm `cWw \nh-ln-p-Xv
F-dn-bm-\p BXy-n-I-amb Ah-Imiw P\-p-s-mWv dqtm ]d-bp--Xv.
hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw Cu AY-n P\m-[n-]-Xy-n\v Icpv ]I-cp-p. `c-W-L-S-\bpsS Ghpw ImX-emb `mh-am-Wv, A`n-{]mbw ]d-bm\pw {]I-Sn-n-m-\p-ap
kzmX{yw Dd-p-\Ip 19-mw A\ptOZw. Fm, A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-n--W-sa-n
icnbmb hnhcw e`n-t--Xp-v. hnh-cm-h-Im-i-\n-baw Cu A-nepw \psS `cW-L-S-\sb A-]qW-am-p-I-bm-Wv.
hnhc Adn-bm-\p Ah-Imiw Dd-p-h-cp-pI am{X-a-, m]-\- kzbw hnhc- shfn-s-Sp-Ww Fpw \nbaw hyh-- sN-bvXn-p-v. Hmtcm- m-]-\-sbpw
kw_-n hnh-c-fpw tcJ-Ifpw ASp-n- \--dnp kqn-p--tXm-sSmw, Ah Ignbp-Xpw Cs\-p-hgn ]c-ky-s-Sp-p-Ibpw thWw. `cWw kpXm-cy-am-p-- hn-hI-c-amb Nph-Sp-h-bv]m-bn-cn-pw CXv. \nbaw \ne-hn hv 120 Znh-k-n-\Iw Ch
sNbvXv hjw tXmdpw ]pXpW-am-bn-cp-s-nepw tIc-f-n ]qW-am-sbp ]dbm h.

2005 Unkw-_ 21\v tIc-f-n hnh-cm-h-Imi Io-j cq]o-I-cn--tm No^v C^taj Io-j-W-dmbn ap No^v sk{Idn ]memv tamlZmkns\bpw
IojWdmbn hn. hn. Kncn-sb-bpw \nb-an-p. ]noSv ]n. ^kn-ep-Zo-s\bpw ]n.F
hnPb-Ip-am-dn-s\bpw IqSn Io-j-Wamcmn. cp hjw ]qn-bm-nb kml-N-cyn No^v C^ta-j Io-j-W ]memv tamlZmkv kwkmcn-p-p.

hnh-cm-h-Im-i-\n-baw F{X-am{Xw ^e-{]-Z-amWv?

\nbaw \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw ^e-{]-Z-amWv. Fm, P\-- AXv Fs\ D]-tbm-Knpp F-Xns\ B{i-bn-mWv \nb-a-ns ^e{]m]vXn. \nv Cu \nb-as
hyn-]-c-amb hnh-c-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-mw. AXp-t]mse hnim-e-amb s]mXp-Xm-Xv]cy-pw D]-tbm-Kn-mw. DtZym-K-sc Itam-p-J-cm-p--Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-mw.
Fs A\p-`-h-n 99 iX-am-\hpw hyn-KX Imcy-mWv \nbaw D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv. B nXn amd-Ww.

?Nne hnh-c- shfn-s-Sp-p-Xv Hgn-hm-n-bn-p-f-fXv \nb-as sam-n Zp_e-am-pnt?

C. cmPy-kp-c t]mse X{-]-c-am-b-Xpw {]kn--s-Sp-p-Xv tImSXn \ntcm-[nXpw
P\-{]-Xn-\n[nk`-bpsS Ah-Im-i-ew-L-\-am-Im-hp-Xpw hntZi km-cn \np e`n
clkyhnhchpw t]mse Fmw hIp-n {]tXy-I-ambn ]cm-ain-n-p-Xpw, cl-kymt\z-jWkpc-m-kw-L-S-\-I-sf kw_nv 24mw hIpv {]Imcw cmw ]n-I-bn
\ntZ-in-n-pXpamb hnh-c- \tIXn. Fm, a\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\fpw Agn-a-Xnbpw kw_-n hnh-c- Hgn-hm-n-bn-n-s-Xv {]tXyIw {in-Ww.

?Fm Hm^o-kp-I-fnepw ]cmXn kzoI-cn-m-\p kwhn-[m\w Gs-Sp-n-bn-ptm?

Dv. Hmtcm hIp-n-sbpw Hm^o-kp-I-fn ]nIv C^ta-j Hm^o-kdpsSbpw
Aknv ]nIv C^ta-j Hm^o-kdpsSbpw t]cp-hn-hcw {]kn--s-Sp--Wsav
hyh--bp-v. hnh-c- tNmZnv Bpw At]-n-mw. AXn\v {]tXyI At]-mt^mdw C. shSemkn Bh-iy-ap hnh-c-fpw t]cpw hnem-khpw kv]jvSambn FgpXn ]p-cq-]-bpsS tImv^o mv Hnv At]-n-m aXn. hmm
am{Xw At]-n-m Ign-bp--bm-fn\v At] Fgp-Xn--m-dm-p--Xn\v klmbw
sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Ww Fp-hsc \nbaw hyh sNbvXn-p-v.

?]s,

]e Hm^o-kp-I-fnepw At] hmp-n-spw hmn-bms ckoXv

\Ip-n-spw ]cmXn Dv.
Acw GsXmcp kml-N-cy-nepw ]cm-Xn-m-c\v kwm\ C^ta-j Io-js\
kao-]n-m-hp--Xm-Wv. hnhcw e`n-m-Xn-cn-p-tmgpw e`n hnhcw sXm-sWv

t_m[y-ap--tmgpw kwm\ In-j-\n t\cnp ]cm-Xn-s-Smw. \nb-a-nse 18mw

hIp-n Cmcyw hni-Z-am-n-bn-p-v.

?Fv Bh-iy-n-\mWv hnhcw Bcm-bp--sXv tNmZnv Nne F]n-sFH--am At]-

kzoI-cn-p-n-sv Bt-]-ap-v.
AXp icn-b-. Fn-\mWv hnhcw Bcm-bp--sXv At]-I ]d-tb--Xn-.

?]e-tmgpw DtZy-K-s-Xn-cm-bmWv \nbaw {]tbm-Kn-p-Xv Fsmcp Bt]w

Dbp tIp-p-v.
hynsshcmKyw Xop--Xn\v Cu \nbaw D]-tbm-Kn-p Nne k`- {ibnsn-p-v. Fm DtZym-Ksc t{Zmln-p--Xn\pX Cu \nb-aw. a{n-am
apX DtZym-K- hsc-bp--h s]mXp-P-\-v Ah Bh-iy-s-Sp hnhcw
\IWw Ft CXp-sImv Dt-in-p-p-p. Fm hnh-c--fp-sS-bpw hyh-n-Xn-I-fpsSbpw DSa s]mXp-P-\amsW hnim-e-amb Xzw AwKo-I-cn-mWv Cu \nbaw \S-mn-b-Xv. DSa Hcp hnhcw tNmZn-p-tm \ntj-[n-p--sX-n-\mWv?

?Atm hnh-c- \ntj-[n--s-Sp-pv. At?

Hcp sNdnb hn`mKw DtZym-K- As\ sNp-p-sp thWw Icp-Xm. FhnsSbpw \nn]vX XmXv]-cy-m Dtm. Ch-cpsS at\m-`mhw amtd--Xm-Wv. \psS
`cWm]-\--fpsS Hcp `mKw am{X-amWv DtZym-K- F tXm P\-pw
Dsp ]d-bm h. As\ Ds-n Rm ImWnp Xcmw... Fsmpw ]dtbn hcp-n-.

?\nb-a-tmSp kl-I-cn-m Fm DtZym-K-p-sa-Xnsc \S-]Sn FSp-n-ptm?

Xo-bm-bpw. ]cmXn icn-sbp t_m[y-s-m \S-]Sn Dd-m-Wv. Fm CXn-s\mcp
adp-hiapv. inn-s-Sp DtZym-K- am\knIambn Xf-cpw.

?\psS

`cWkwhn-[m-\-n\v Dsp ]d-bp \yq\-X-I DtZym-K--cpsS Imcy-a-Xsb Ipd-bvp-I-bnt?

hnh-cm-h-Im-i-\n-b-as kw_-n-v, Hcm-fpsS ]-ep hnhcw am{Xw \In-bm
aXn. hyhpw e`y-hp-amb hnh-c-sbmWv hnhcw Fp \nh-Nn-n-cn-p--Xv. AXn
hymJym-\-tfm Sn-Wn-Itfm Dulm-t]m-l-tfm {]Xo--I-tfm Ds-Sp-n-. D
hnhcw sImSp-m aXn.

?hnh-cm-h-Imi \nbaw ^e-{]-Z-am-p--Xn\v XSkw _yqtdm-{IknbmtWm?

Hcn--ep-a-. Fm {_no-jp-Im sImp-h 1923se HutZym-KnI cl-ky-\n-baw,

1872se Fhn-Ukv BIvS,v 1964se knhn khokv tImIvSv dqkv Fn-s\
`c-W-LS-\-bpsS DZm BZi-sf ]pI-a-d-bn-em-p \nb-a- P\m-[n-]Xy kev]-ns i{Xp--fm-Wv. bYmY-n \psS kmam-Pn-I {]Xn--sb-Sp-t--Xv
HutZym-KnI clkyw kqn-m-sa--, kpXm-cy-am-n-smmw Fm-Wv.

?\nbaw \S-n-em-p--Xns {][m\ t]mcm-bva-I Fsm-s-bmWv?

DtZym-K-v CXp kw_-n ]cn-io-e\w aXn-bm-hp-n. asmv P\-v Cu
\nbasp-dnv Aht_m[w Ipd-hm-Wv.

?CXv ]cn-l-cn-m Fsms \S-]-Sn-I-fmWv kzoI-cn-Xv?

DtZym-K-v sF Fw Pn hgn ]cn-io-e\w \In hcn-I-bm-Wv. P\--fn Aht_m[w hfm km-c-Xm -an-j-sbpw s\lvdp bph-tI-{-bp-sSbpw kl-I-c-WtmsS Fm Pn-I-fnepw Io-j {ianp hcp-p.

?Io-j th{X in \Ip-n F Hcp Btcm]Ww Dv.

BZys Hcp hj-s -ImcyamsW-n Btcm-]Ww sXm-sWv ]d-bp-n-. DtZymK-v icn-bmb ]cn-io-e\w \ImsX in-bp-ambn {]Xy--s-Sp-Xv icn-b-sv
t_m[y-ap--f-f-Xn-\m-em-Wv- A-s\ sNm-Xn-cp-Xv. Ctm AX nXn. hogvN hcpp DtZym-K-v X-Xmb ]ng-in hn[n-p-p-v. AtXmsS \nbaw \S-m Djm-dm-bn-p-ap-v.

?hogvN-h-cp-p Fm-hpw ]ng-in Npa-n-bn-ptm?

]ng CuSm-ntb ]q F \bw Ioj\n-. DtZym-K--cpsS `mKw tIp-p-v.
bYm-k-abw hnhcw \Im Ign-bm-Xn-cp-Xn\v X-Xmb Imc-W-ap-sp Im
inm\S-]Sn kzoI-cn-n-. DZm-l-c-W-n\v, FwPn]n ]cn-jvIm-c-fpsS `mK-ambn FdWm-Ipfw If-IvS-td-nse ^b-ep-I hmcn-sn Hcp apdn-bn Xn-bn-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp. B ka-bv tNmZn hnhcw DtZym-K- \Ip--sX-s\? kp\manbpw
{]IrXn tm`-fpw Dm-Ip-tm hnhcw \Ip--Xn-t\m, Zpcn-Xm-izm-k-{]-h\tm GXn-\mWp apK-W\ \tI-Xv? CsXms hnth-N-\-_p-n-tbm-sS-bmWv
Io-j ]cn-K-Wn-p--Xv.

?am[y-a- Cu \nb-as F-s\-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv?

am[y-a-v Ghpw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amb \nb-a-amWv CXv. IcpXpp, Adn-bp-p,
tIpp Fsms Dulm-t]m-l-p-]-Icw IrXy-amb hnhcw Cu \nbaw hgn
am[y-a-p e`n-p-I-bt? \n`m-Ky-h-im, ]e-tmgpw Ah hkvXp-X-I Adn-bp-

-Xp-hsc Imp-\n-vmsX sktk-j-\-ssekv sNp-Xp ImWp-tm {]bmkw

tXmm-dp-v.