INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Reporters: Hanie Grace I. Reodava Cleo D. Echegaray Joly-an Igup Zandra Pedroso Nia Erika Tedios

ENERGIZER

OPENING ACTIVITY

Pinoy Henyo
Group yourselves into two groups. Decide who will be acting the word. The least time who first answered correctly will win the game. Maximum of 2 minutes only.

COMMUNICATIONS AND LANGUAGE

Human beings use thousands of language to communicate with one another. Some are spoken in many countries, while others are used in the country, or region or in a single village. Some languages expanded but others become extinct.

LANGUAGE
is an abstract system of word meaning and symbols for all aspects of culture includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and gestures and expressions of nonverbal communication

LANGUAGE
is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. use to express inner thoughts and emotions make sense of complex and abstract thought use to learn to communicate with others can be spoken or written

LANGUAGE CAN BE DEFINED AS:

Verbal Physical Biologically innate Basic form of Communication

PARALANGUAGE

usually defined as body language or kinesthetic is the language of gestures, expressions and postures

EXAMPLES

used arms and hands to:

say goodbye point count express excitement warn away threaten

CONT

used head to:

say yes or no to smile, frown, and wink

COMMUNICATION

is not limited to spoken language communicate directly through:

facial expression body system gesture and tone of voice

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

COMMUNICATION

communicate indirectly through systems of signs and symbols, such as:

writing algebraic expressions musical scores painting road signs

A language is a system of verbal and, in many cases, written symbols with rules about how those symbols can be strung together to convey more complex meanings. It is impossible to overstate the importance of language in the development, elaboration, and transmission of culture. Language enables people to store meanings and experiences to pass this heritage on to new generations. Through language, we are able to learn about and from the experiences of others.

In addition, language enables us to transcend the here and now, preserving the past and imagining future. It also makes possible the formulation of complex plans and ideas (Calhoun, et al., 1994)

LANGUAGE

While language is cultural and universal, striking differences in the use of language are evident around the world. This is the case even when two countries use the same spoken language. Similarly, the meaning of non-verbal gestures vary from one culture to one another (Schaefer, 2003)

LANGUAGE

A mans language is:

a reflection of the kind of person he is the level of education he has attained an index to the behavior that may be expected from him

LANGUAGE

is the key factor in the success of the human race in creating and preserving culture, for without language the ability to convey of ideas and traditions is impossible.

LANGUAGE

the study of language or the aspects of language is divided into four areas:

phonology semantics grammar

morphology syntax

pragmatics

PHONOLOGY
refers to a system of sounds Phoneme

basic unit of sound smallest sound units that affect meaning

VOCAL TRACT

SEMANTICS
is the study of word meanings and word combinations study of the meaning of language

GRAMMAR

refers to the structure of a language which consists of two major parts:

Morphology Syntax

MORPHOLOGY
is the study of languages smallest units of meaning morphemes

prefixes suffixes root words and how units are properly combined

SYNTAX
is the study of the structure of language how words can be formed to create grammatically correct sentences the rules of syntax allow us to vary word order so that we are not limited to one way of saying what we mean

PRAGMATICS
is concerned rules for the use of appropriate language particular contexts directly addresses the issue of effective communication deals with the intentions behind the utterances

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Is culture can affect the structure and content of its language, then it follows that linguistic diversity derives in part from cultural diversity. The learning of culture takes place through language.

Language is an integral part of culture and human culture cannot exist without it. All human societies have languages. In some simple societies where people cannot read or write, they have a spoken language. Through the use of language, wide vistas of reality have been opened. What we have observed and experienced, as well as our norms, values, and ideas exist because we have learned to identify or experience these things through language. These things are shared and transmitted from one generation to another through process of socialization (Panopio, et al, 1992)

The

linguistic-relativity hypothesis asserts that language determines thought and therefore culture. In reality language and culture influence each otherEdward Sapir

COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE

Every society has a culture, no matter how simple the culture may be, and every human being is cultured in the sense of participating in some culture or other.

THE NATURE AND MEANING OF CULTURE

WHAT IS CULTURE?
is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristics of a particular society or population (Ember, 1999) is the learned norms, values, knowledge, artifacts, language, and symbols that are constantly communicated among people who share a common way of life (Calhoun, et al., 1994)

CULTURE
is the sum total of symbols, ideas, forms of expressions, and material products associated with a system (Allan Johnson, 1996) defines culture as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Panopio, 1992)

CULTURE

an organization of phenomena that is dependent upon symbols, phenomena which include acts (patterns of behavior); objects (tools and things made by tools); ideas (beliefs, knowledge); and sentiments (attitudes, values) (Hunt et al, 1998)

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

Culture is:

learned shared by a group of people cumulative dynamic ideational diverse

CULTURE IS LEARNED

first essential characteristic of culture acquisition of traditions and values since birth to adulthood influences in the environment

CULTURE IS SHARED BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE sharing the same meanings for symbols to be part of a culture a way of thinking and interacting people can predict how others will behave

CULTURE IS CUMULATIVE
knowledge is stored and passed on from one generation to the next new knowledge is being added to what is existing

CULTURES CHANGE
all cultural knowledge does not perpetually accumulate when new cultural traits are added, some old ones are lost because they are no longer useful

CULTURE IS DYNAMIC
stems from its cumulative quality ever-changing, non-static, referred to as cultural revolution change can come from outside (domination of other culture) or inside (women entering workforce) change by invention and diffusion

invention (internal) new thing or idea diffusion (external) spreading of cultural elements from one culture to another

CULTURE IS IDEATIONAL
is an ideal pattern of behavior which are the members are expected to follow assigns meanings to his environment and experiences by symbolizing them internalized by individuals

CULTURE IS DIVERSE
sum total of human culture consists of a great many separate cultures mutually interdependent parts

CULTURE GIVES US A RANGE OF PERMISSIBLE BEHAVIOR PATTERNS

tells how different activities should be conducted rules of permissible behavior are usually flexible to a degree

COMPONENTS OF CULTURE

Cultures share four components:

communication cognitive material behavioral

COMMUNICATION COMPONENT

Language
it forms the core of all culture share a condensed, very flexible set of symbols and meanings makes communication possible basis for symbolic interaction

COMMUNICATION COMPONENT

Symbols
non-verbal signals symbols form the backbone of symbolic interaction is anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture vary within cultures, cross culturally, and change over time deeply-held values into every social life

SYMBOLS

COGNITIVE COMPONENT

Ideas/Knowledge/Beliefs
ideas-mental representations used to organized stimulus knowledge-storehouse where we accumulate representations, information, facts and assumptions beliefs-accepts proposition, statement, description of facts as true

COGNITIVE COMPONENT

Values refers to defined standards of:

desirability

goodness beauty which serve as broad guideline for social being

Accounts

how people use that language to explain, justify, rationalize, excuse, or legitimize our behavior to themselves and others

BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT (HOW WE ACT)

Norms are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its member. Mores are customary behavior patterns or folkways which have been taken a moralistic value.

BEHAVIORAL COMPONENT
Laws are formalized norms, enacted by people who are vested with government power and enforced by political and legal authorities designated by the government. Folkways are behavior patterns of society which are organized and repetitive. Rituals are highly scripted ceremonies or strips of interaction that follow a specific sequence of actions.

MATERIAL COMPONENT

Material components of culture refer to physical objects of culture such as machines, equipment, tools, books, clothing, etc.

THE ORGANIZATION OF CULTURE

cultural traits
systems of beliefs, and institutional patterns that can be broken into simple units or elements either of a material or non-material culture represents a single element or a combination of elements clusters of culture traits are known as:

culture complexes culture pattern

HOW IS CULTURE TRANSMITTED?

Enculturation

is the process of learning culture of ones own group is the process of learning some new traits from another culture is the process in which an individual entirely loses any awareness of his/her previous group identity and takes on the culture and attitudes of another group

Acculturation

Assimilation

IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE

1.

2.

Culture helps the individual fulfill his potential as a human being. Through the development of culture, man can overcome his physical disadvantages and allows him to provide himself with fire, clothing, food and shelter.

IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE 3. Culture provides rules of proper conduct for living in a society. 4. Culture also provides the individual his concepts of family, nation, and class.

CULTURAL RELATIVISM

any part of a culture must be viewed from within its cultural context-not that of the observer
first formulated by Franz Boas at the turn of the century-no culture should be judged by the standards of another related to ethnocentrism-the supposed superiority of ones own group

CULTURAL RELATIVISM
is in essence an approach to the question of the nature and role of values in culture (Rosado, 2003) in anthropology is the key methodological concept which is universally accepted within the discipline

CULTURE RELATIVISM
is an anthropological approach which posits that all cultures are of equal value and need to be studied in a neutral point of view is scientific view of culture

THANK YOU!!!