even the mountains flowed before the lord

1: elastic solid

from the song of Deborah afte her victory over the Philistines, Judges 5:5 (translated by M. Reiner, Physics today, Jan. 1964

Coast of Bretagne, France

force versus extension f ~L

stress & strain

By Rita Greer, from written descriptions, 2009

Hooke, 1678 (??)

the stress tensor

the stress tensor

the stress tensor (notation)

the stress tensor (notation)

the stress tensor (symmetry)

the stress tensor (pressure)

the stress tensor (normal stress differences)

eliminate pressure

Uniaxial extension by compression

fluid at rest

fluid in motion; extra stress

special case: simple shear

N1: first normal stress difference N2: second normal stress difference

the stress tensor (principal stresses & invariants)

principal plane, principal stress

the stress tensor (principal stresses & invariants)

determine the values of : eigenvalue problem

also eigenvectors (principal stress directions)

first, ,second & third invariant

finite deformation tensors

(examples of deformations)

finite deformation tensors (components of F)

finite deformation tensors (examples of deformations)

finite deformation tensors (examples of deformations)

uniaxial extension (incompressible)

uniaxial extension

simple shear simple shear

solid body rotation solid body rotation

finite deformation tensors

Finger deformation tensor B simple shear

finite deformation tensors

Cauchy-Green tensor C

finite deformation tensors

strain tensor E = B - I inverse deformation tensors B-1, C-1 principal strains (eigenvalue problem) Hooke: 1678,

neo-Hookean solid
Cauchy: 1820 (small deformations. Metals ceramics)

G: elastic shear modulus Incompressible: IIIB = detF = 0 the other two invariants IB IIB bind the possible deformations T = 0 in rest state: p = G p = 0 in rest state:

general elastic solid

strain energy function

for an elastic solid the stress is a function of the internal energy U only

- gi functions of the invariants of B - incompressible: IIIB = 0

with W = 0 U and for an incompressible, isotropic material:

- Cayley Hamilton theorem: any tensor satisfies its own characteristic equation

Examples Neo-Hookean: Mooney-Rivlin: