1

S GIO DC-O TO BN TRE

TRNG THPT CHUYN BN TRE
----------





















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2



Trong nhiu nm qua B Gio dc v o to c ch trng a my tnh
Casio v Vinacal vo ging dy trong chng trnh THPT. Hng nm u c t chc
cc cuc thi gii ton trn my tnh Casio v Vinacal t cp tnh n cp Quc gia,
tuy nhin vic hng dn cho hc sinh vn dng cc loi my tnh b ti mt cch
sng to trong qu trnh hc tp b mn ton ni ring v cc mn t nhin ni
chung vn cn hn ch. Nhn chung hc sinh ch s dng my tnh mc thc
hin cc php tnh n gin m cha ng dng my tnh mc cao hn nh d
on kt qu, t duy ton hc da trn cng c my tnh...
Qua qu trnh ging dy ti tch ly c mt s kinh nghim cho ni dung
ny. Cc vn trnh by trong sng kin kinh nghim l cc chuyn c ng
dng trong ging dy v c ph bin n ng nghip trong cc ln hi ngh
chuyn mn do SGD t chc trong cc nm hc qua. Bn thn ti nhn c
nhiu kin phn hi khch l t cc ng nghip trong v ngoi tnh. Sng kin
kinh nghim ny l s tng kt c chn lc cc chuyn ca bn thn vit ra
trong thc tin ging dy cng vi s ng gp nhit tnh ca ng nghip.

L do chn ti ca ti xut pht t nhng l do sau:
* Gip cho hc sinh trung bnh bit cch kim tra kt qu bng my tnh Casio
hoc Vinacal. V d kim tra kt qu ca cc bi ton tnh gii hn, o hm, tch
phn... iu ny rt c ch khi HS lm cc bi thi TN v H. Nu khng hng dn
cho HS nhng th thut ny th cc em s mt nhiu thi gian khi kim tra li ton
b qu trnh tnh ton ca mnh.
* Gip cho HS kh, gii c suy ngh dng my tnh d on kt qu. V d
dng my tnh Casio nhm nghim gii phng trnh lng gic, p dng tnh
cht ca hm s lin tc kt hp vi my tnh gii bt phng trnh, dng my
tnh tm quy lut dy s...
* Gip cho cc bn ng nghip c mt ti liu tham kho trong qu trnh ging
dy b mn ton ca mnh. Qua chuyn ny ti hy vng cc bn ng nghip s
yu thch hn cc ng dng m my tnh Casio, Vinacal em li cho chng ta v
truyn s say m ny n cc HS ca mnh. Thc t mt s Thy C khng thch s
dng my tnh Casio bi v kt qu ca n a phn l kt qu gn ng, nhng trong
chuyn ny cc bn s thy ta c th dng ci gn ng i tm ci ng ( ng
dng my tnh Casio hoc Vinacal trong vic gii cc bt phng trnh )

- ti ny c th p dng rng ri cho tt c gio vin dy ton cc trng
trung hc ph thng tham kho v cc em hc sinh lp 12 n thi Tt nghip v
Cao ng - i hc.
- Phm vi nghin cu ca ti ny bao gm:
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3
* Khng trnh by cc vn c bn v my tnh Casio, Vinacal (v cc vn
c bn ny c trnh by trong nhiu ti liu ) m ch minh ha cc ng dng c th v
c tnh mi trong gii ton.
* ng dng my tnh Casio, Vinacal d on nghim gii phng trnh lng
gic.
* ng dng my tnh Casio, Vinacal trong gii cc bt phng trnh phc tp.
* ng dng my tnh Casio, Vinacal kim tra kt qu v trong cc dng ton khc.

Bn thn nghin cu ti ny nhm mc ch:
* Chia s vi ng nghip v cc em hc sinh kinh nghim v ng dng my tnh
Casio, Vinacal trong dy v hc mn ton.
* Bn thn rn luyn chuyn mn nhm nng cao nghip v s phm.
* Hng ng phong tro vit SKKN ca trng THPT chuyn Bn Tre v ca
Cng on ngnh Gio dc pht ng.

* SKKN ny khng trnh by li cc chc nng ca my tnh Casio v Vinacal v
cc vn ny c ni n trong nhiu ti liu.
* SKKN ny cp n mt s vn trong dy v hc b mn ton THPT c
tnh chuyn su di dng cc chuyn .
* SKKN ny t ra mt vn mi cc bn ng nghip tip tc nghin cu
l pht huy ti a kh nng ca my tnh Casio v Vinacal mt cch sng to
trong vic dy v hc b mn ton THPT.
* Cc chuyn v ng dng my tnh Casio, Vinacal trong gii phng trnh
lng gic v chuyn vic gii bt phng trnh v vic gii phng trnh l cc
chuyn mi cha c trnh by trn bt k ti liu no v vn ng dng my
tnh b ti trong gii ton.

















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Phng php nghin cu SKKN ny da trn c s:
* Cc kin thc c bn v my tnh Casio, Vinacal.
* Cc kin thc ton hc c bn trong chng trnh THPT.
* Mt s k thut bin i i s v ng dng ca my tnh cm tay.

Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin, cc phn mm ton hc ngy
cng h tr c lc cho gio vin v hc sinh trong vic dy v hc mn ton, tuy
nhin khng phi hc sinh no cng c iu kin to cho mnh mt my vi tnh v
ci t cc phn mm thch hp hc tp b mn ton, hn th na theo quy ch
hc sinh khng c em my vi tnh vo phng thi... Trong khi mi hc sinh u
c my tnh Casio hoc Vinacal, do vic rn luyn cho hc sinh s dng cc loi
my tnh cm tay ny mt cch thnh tho l mt vic lm cn thit. Thc trng hin
nay cho thy k nng s dng my tnh cm tay ca hc sinh cn rt yu, a s ch
bit dng my tnh thc hin cc php tnh cng, tr, nhn, chia, khai cn v tnh
gi tr ca cc hm s lng gic m thi. Do SKKN ny cp n mt vn
mi l gip hc sinh khai thc ti a cc chc nng ca my tnh Casio v
Vinacal trong t duy gii ton. Nu lm tt cng vic ny th cht lng dy v hc
mn ton s c nng ln.



NG DNG MY TNH CASIO V VINACAL D ON NGHIM GII
PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
A. t vn :
Khi gii cc phng trnh a thc ta thng dng cch nhm nghim bin i
phng trnh y v dng phng trnh tch. Vy vic gii phng trnh bc cao c
chuyn v vic gii phng trnh bc thp hn. Trong chuyn ny s minh ha cho
vic ng dng t tng ny vo vic gii mt s dng phng trnh lng gic vi s
tr gip ca my tnh cm tay.
B. Ni dung phng php:
gii phng trnh lng gic bng phng php ny, ta s tin hnh theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Tin hnh php th tm mt nghim c bit. Ta th vi cc gi tr c bit sau:
2 3 5
0; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
6 4 3 2 3 4 6
t t t t t t t
t .

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5
Bc 2:
Gi s bc 1 tm c nghim
6
x
t
= . Ta tip tc th vi cc gi tr c bit
tng ng lin kt vi nghim y. C th:
+ Th vi gi tr i ca n:
6
x
t
= , nu tha mn phng trnh th ta d on
phng trnh c nghim x sao cho
3
cos
2
x = , hay phng trnh c a v dng tch
vi mt tha s l (2cos 3) x
+ Th vi gi tr b vi n :
5
6
x
t
= , nu tha mn th ta d on phng trnh c
nghim x sao cho
1
sin
2
x = , hay phng trnh c a v dng tch vi mt tha s l
inx (2s 1) .
+ Th vi mt gi tr hn ( km ) n t , th vi
7
6 6
x
t
t
t
+ = =
( hay th vi
5
6 6
x
t
t
t
= = )
Nu gi tr ny tha mn th ta d on phng trnh c nghim x :
3
t anx
3
= .
Hay c th bin i phng trnh v phng trnh tch vi mt tha s ( 3 t anx 1) .
C. Phng tin dng nhm nghim:
C th dng my tnh Casio fx 570 ES tin hnh nhm nghim theo mt trong
hai cch sau:
Cch 1:
Dng chc nng CALC . Chc nng ny c cng dng l tnh gi tr ca mt hm
s ti mt im.
- Chuyn phng trnh v dng f(x) = 0. Gi s cn th vi gi tr
6
x
t
= , ta thc
hin nh sau:
- Nhp vo my hm s f(x), nhn phm CALC , my hi x ? ta nhp vo
6
t
v
nhn phm = .
th vi cc gi tr khc, ta tip tc nhn phm CALC
Cch 2:
Dng chc nng SOLVE . Chc nng ny c cng dng l tm nghim ca
phng trnh trong mt ln cn ca x ch ra. Ta thc hin theo cc bc sau y:
- Chuyn my tnh v n v .
- Nhp vo phng trnh f(x) = 0.
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6
- Nhn phm SOLVE , my hin th x ? ta nhp vo gi tr m ta d on l
nghim, chng hn 30 ( 30
0
), my s d tm mt nghim trong ln cn ca 30
0
.
Tip tc nhn phm SOLVE kim tra nghim khc

D. Cc v d minh ha:

Gii phng trnh: 3cos2 5sin cos sin2 4 x x x x + + = .
Gii
Phn tch: Thc hin php th, thu c 2 nghim
5
,
6 6
x x
t t
= = . Do d on
phng trnh s c nghim x :
1
sinx
2
= . Vy li gii c trnh by theo hai cch sau:
Cch 1
t sinx( 1) t t = s . Ta vit phng trnh cho thnh phng trnh vi n s t:
2
3(1 2 ) 5 cos 2 cos 4 t t x t x + + =
2
6 (2cos 5) (1 cos ) 0 t x t x + + = (*)
Theo d on trn th phng trnh (*) c nghim
1
1
2
t = .
p dng nh l Viet:
1 2 2
5 2cos 1 cos
6 3
x x
t t t

+ = =
Vy phng trnh cho
1
sinx
2
3sin cos 1 x x

+ =

n y ta d dng ch ra tp nghim ca phng trnh.

Cch 2
Phn tch
Do d on c
1
sinx
2
= , do nu bin i phng trnh v dng phng trnh
tch th s c mt tha s l (2sin 1) x . Vy nn kt hp hai s hng no vi nhau
c tha s (2sin 1) x ? Ta c th thy ngay nn kt hp nh sau :
cos sin2 cos (1 2sin ) x x x x = . Cn tng (3cos2 5sin 4)? x x + Mt iu chc chn
rng c th phn tch tng ny thnh tha s m c mt nhn t l (2sin 1) x .
Tht vy :
2 2
(3cos 2 5sin 4) 3(1 2sin ) 5sin 4 6sin 5sin 1 x x x x x x + = + = +
(2sin 1)(3sin 1) x x =

* Vy li gii c trnh by ngn gn nh sau :
(cos sin2 ) (3cos2 5sin 4) PT x x x x + +
2
cos (1 2sin ) ( 6sin 5sin 1) 0 x x x x + + =
cos (1 2sin ) (1 2sin )(3sin 1) 0 x x x x + =
(1 2sin )(cos 3sin 1) 0 x x x + =
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7
Vy phng trnh cho
1
sinx
2
3sin cos 1 x x

+ =

n y ta d dng ch ra tp nghim ca phng trnh.

Gii phng trnh: cos3 cos 2 sin2 sin 5cos 3 (1) x x x x x + + + =
Phn tch
Thc hin php th ta tm c 2 nghim:
2
3
x
t
= . Vy ta d on phng trnh
c nghim x :
1
cos
2
x

= .
Cch 1
t cos ( 1) t x t = s . Phng trnh (1) tr thnh:
3 2
(4 3 ) (2 1) 2 sin sinx 5 3 t t t t x t + + + =
3 2
4 2 (2sin 8) (sin 4) 0 (2) t t x t x + + + =
Do th nghim trn nn ta bit PT(2) c nghim
1
2
t = . Thc hin php chia v
tri ca (2) cho
1
( )
2
t + . ta c:
2
1
(2) ( ) 4 (2sin 8) 0
2
PT t t x ( + + =


Vy
2 2
1 1
cos cos
(1) 2 2
4cos 2sin 8 0 2sin sin 2 0
x x
PT
x x x x


= =



+ = + =


1 2
cos 2 , ( )
2 3
x x k k
t
t = = + e
Vy phng trnh c nghim :
2
2 , ( )
3
x k k
t
t = + e
Cch 2
( Bin i phng trnh v dng phng trnh tch )
Do d on trn nn khi bin i phng trnh v dng phng trnh tch th phi
c mt nhn t (2cos 1) x .
Vy ta nn kt hp hai s hng no c nhn t (2cos 1) x ?
- C th thy ngay , nn kt hp sin2 sinx x + .
- (1) (sin2 sinx) (cos3 cos2 5cos 3) 0 PT x x x x + + + =

3 2
(sin2 sinx) (4cos 2cos 8cos 4) 0 x x x x + + + =
sin2 sin sin (2cos 1) A x x x x = + = +
3 2
4cos 2cos 8cos 4 B x x x = +
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8
Cng t d on trn nn ta suy ra B c th phn tch thnh nhn t v chc chn
c mt tha s l (2cos 1) x . Do ta thc hin php chia B cho (2cos 1) x , ta
s c:
2
(2cos 1)(2cos 4) B x x = .
Vy
2
(1) (2cos 1)(sinx 2cos 4) 0 PT x x + + =

2
(2cos 1)( 2sin sin 2) 0 x x x + + =

1 2
cos 2 , ( )
2 3
x x k k
t
t = = + e
Vy phng trnh c nghim :
2
2 , ( )
3
x k k
t
t = + e

Gii phng trnh:
2 2
1 8 1
2cos cos ( ) sin2 3cos sin (1)
3 3 2 3
x x x x x
t
t
| |
|
\ .
+ + = + + + +
Gii
Thay cos( ) cos x x t + = v cos( ) sinx
2
x
t
+ = .
(1) 6cos cos2 3sin2 9sin 8 0 (2) PT x x x x + + =
Nhn thy 2
2
x k
t
t = + l nghim ca phng trnh. Vy ta c sinx = 1.
Cch 1
t sinx( 1) t t = s . Ta vit phng trnh (2) thnh phng trnh vi n s t:
2
2 (9 6cos ) (6cos 7) 0 t x t x + + =
Phng trnh bc hai ny c A + B + C = 0. Vy :
sin 1
(2)
6cos 7
sin
2
x
PT
C x
x
A
=

= =

sin 1
2sin 6cos 7
x
x x
=

+ =

M phng trnh : 2sin 6cos 7 x x + = v nghim. Vy phng trnh cho c
nghim : 2 , ( )
2
x k k
t
t = + e .
Cch 2
( Bin i phng trnh v phng trnh tch )
(1) (6cos 3sin2 ) (cos 2 9sin 8) 0 PT x x x x + + =
2
6cos (1 sin ) ( 2sin 9sin 7) 0 x x x x + + =
7
6cos (1 sin ) 2(sin 1)(sin ) 0
2
x x x x =
(1 sin )(6cos 2sin 7) 0 x x x + =
sin 1
sin 1 2
6cos 2sin 7 2
x
x x k
x x
t
t
=

= = +

+ =

Vy phng trnh cho c nghim : 2 , ( )
2
x k k
t
t = + e .
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9

Gii phng trnh: sin3 6sin2 9sin cos3 9cos 8 (1) x x x x x + + =
Gii
- Nhn thy 2
2
x k
t
t = + l nghim phng trnh. Vy ta c sinx = 1.
- t sinx ( 1 ) t t = s . Thay :
3 3
sin3 3sin 4sin , os3 4cos 3cos x x x c x x x = = .
- Phng trnh (1) tr thnh:
3 2
4 4(cos ) (12 12cos ) (8cos 8) 0 (2) t x t x t x + + + =
- Thc hin php chia VT(2) cho ( t 1 ), Ta c :
2
1
(2)
4 (4cos 4) 8 8cos 0 (3)
t
PT
t x t x

+ + =

Ta c:
2
(3) 4sin (4cos 4).sinx 8 8cos 0 (4) x x x + + =
Nhn thy 2 x k t = l nghim ca (4), vy PT(4) c nghim x sao cho cosx = 1.
- t u = cosx, PT(4) tr thnh :

2
4(1 ) (4 4)sinx 8 8 0 u u u + + =
2
4 (4sin 8) (4 4sin ) 0 u x u x + + =

2
4 (4sin 8) (4 4sin ) 0 1 1 sinx u x u x u u + + = = v =
cos 1 sinx cos 1 x x = v + = . Vy phng trnh c 2 h nghim:
2 , 2 ( )
2
x k x k k
t
t t = = + e

Gii phng trnh: sin2 sin cos8 cos6 cos7 (1) x x x x x + = + +
Nhn xt:
Thc hin php th, ta c
2
3
x
t
= l nghim. Vy nn nhm cc s hng sao
cho xut hin tha s chung ( 2cosx + 1). Bi ny khng nn quy v phng trnh vi
n s t = cosx v s c phng trnh bc cao. Do ta phi dng phng php phn
tch thnh nhn t vi nh hng lm xut hin tha s ( 2cosx + 1).
Gii
(1) sin (2cos 1) 2cos7 .cos cos7 PT x x x x x + = +
sin (2cos 1) cos7 (2cos 1) (2cos 1)(sin cos7 ) x x x x x x x + = + +
T y suy ra phng trnh c cc h nghim:

2
2 , , ( )
3 6 4 12 3
k k
k x x k x
t t t t t
t + = + = + e =

Gii phng trnh: 4sin cos 3sin .tan 3tan 3 (1) x x x x x + + =
Gii
iu kin: cos 0 x =
- Thc hin php th c hai nghim
4
x
t
= v
3
4
x
t
= . Vy cn nhm
cc s hng xut hin tha s (t anx 1) + .
- (1) (sinx cos ) (3sin 3sin .tan ) 3(tan 1) PT x x x x x + + + = +
cos (tan 1) 3sin (tan 1) 3(tan 1) x x x x x + + + = +
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10
(1 tan )(cos 3sin 3) 0 x x x + + =
tan 1
cos 3sin 3
x
x x
=

+ =

( n y cc em HS c th gii tip c)

Gii phng trnh: 2(sin2 cos2 ) tan 1 (1) x x x = +
Gii
iu kin: cos 0 x =
Thc hin php th c cp nghim
4
x
t
= v
3
4
x
t
= . Vy ta d on
phng trnh c nghim x sao cho tanx = 1
Cch 1
t t = tanx, phng trnh (1) tr thnh:

2
2 2
2 1
1
1 1
2
t t
t
t t
| |
= +
|
+ +
\ .

3 2
3 3 0 t t t + =
Vy: 3 t anx 1 t anx = v = .
Kt qu: phng trnh c cc h nghim:

4 3
, ( ) k k x x k
t t
t t + + = = e
Cch 2
Ta nhm cc s hng xut hin tha s: ( tanx 1)
(1) 2sin2 2cos2 2 tan 1 PT x x x =

2
tan 1 4sin cos 4cos x x x x =

2
tan 1
1) 0
1
cos 2
2
(tan 1)(4cos
x
x
x
x
=

Kt qu: phng trnh c cc h nghim:

4 3
, ( ) k k x x k
t t
t t + + = = e
E. Bi tp rn luyn:
Gii cc phng trnh:
1)sin2 3sin 2cos 3 x x x + =
2)sin5 sin2 cos6 cos4 cos x x x x x + + = +
3)1 cos cos2 sin2 sin3 sin4 x x x x x + + = + +
4)sin cos2 sin cos 1 0 x x x x + + + + =
5)cos2 cos cos4 sin3 sin2 x x x x x + = +
6)sin2 10cos sin 5 x x x + =
7) 4sin cos 1 tan 3sin .tan x x x x x + = +


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11

NG DNG MY TNH CASIO V VINACAL GII BT PHNG TRNH.
A. t vn :
Nhm mc ch trang b cho hc sinh cc phng php gii ton hu hiu gii
quyt tt cc dng ton ca thi tuyn sinh i hc, qua qu trnh ging dy nhiu nm
cc lp cui cp chng ti c kt c mt s kinh nghim v vic hng dn
hc sinh gii quyt cc bi ton v bt phng trnh. Chng ti thy rng vic gii mt
bt phng trnh c dng f(x) > 0 ( f(x) > 0, f(x) < 0, f(x)s 0) th phc tp hn nhiu so
vi vic gii phng trnh f(x) = 0. Thc cht ca bi ton gii bt phng trnh l quy
v vic xt du ca biu thc f(x) trn min xc nh D ca n. Do vy ni dung ca
chuyn ny l quy vic gii cc bt phng trnh v vic gii phng trnh f(x) = 0,
sau lp bng xt du ca f(x) v t suy ra tp hp nghim ca bt phng trnh.
B. Ni dung phng php:
Ni dung ca phng php ny da trn tnh cht sau y:

Tnh cht: Gi s hm s f(x) lin tc trn min K ( K c th l (a ; b ) ;
[a ; b] ; (a ; b]; [a ; b); (- ; a) ; (- ; a]; (a ; + ); [ a ; + ) ; R ). Nu
phng trnh f(x) = 0 v nghim trn min K th f(x) khng i du trn
K.
Phng php gii bt phng trnh:
Da trn tnh cht trn ta suy ra phng php gii bt phng trnh dng f(x) > 0
( f(x) < 0, f(x) > 0, f(x) < 0, f(x) > 0) nh sau :
* Tm tp xc nh D ca hm s f(x).
* Gii phng trnh f(x) = 0.
* Lp bng xt du ca f(x) ( xc nh du ca f(x) trn cc khong con K ca
D m f(x) v nghim, ta ch cn xc nh du ca f(x
0
) vi x
0
l mt phn t bt k ca
K).
Ch : tnh gi tr ca hm s ti mt im mt cch nhanh chng ta c th
dng my tnh Casio hay Vinacal.

Cch tnh : dng chc nng CALC c minh ha qua v d sau:
V d: Tnh gi tr ca hm s y = x
2
+3x -12 vi x = 7, x = 8 thc hin nh sau :
* Nhp biu thc n :
2
3 12 ALPHA Y ALPHA X X ALPHA X = +
* Lu biu thc n : CALC
* Tnh gi tr ca y vi x = 7 n : 7 =
* Tnh gi tr ca y vi x = 8 n : 8 CALC =
* Tnh gi tr ca y vi x =
2
3
n :
/
2 3
b c
CALC a =
Ni chung khi nhp biu thc y vo xong th ta c th tnh gi tr ca y ti cc im
x
1
, x
2
, .. y vn m ta quan tm l du ca y ti cc im x
1
, x
2
, .. ( cc gi
tr ca y ti cc im ny c th l cc gi tr gn ng. iu ny khng nh hng g
kt qu nghim ca bt phng trnh).



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12
C. Cc v d minh ha:
a)Gii cc bt phng trnh v t.

Gii bt phng trnh :
2
2
40
16
16
x x
x
+ + s
+
(1)

Cch 1: (Phng php c bn)
BPT (1)
2 2 2 2
16 16 40 16 24 (2) x x x x x x + + + s + s
Xt cc trng hp sau y :
a) Nu x = 0 th BPT(2) lun tha mn.
b) Nu x < 0 th BPT(2)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
24
2 6 0
0
2 6
24
24
16
16
2 6
0 2 6
24
0
( 16) (24 )
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x x
x

s <
s

>

| |
+ > + > <
|

\ .

< <




>

+ >

2 2
2 6 0 2 6 0
2 6 2 6
0
2 6 2 6
3
0 2 6 0 2 6
3 64 24
x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
x x

s < s <

> >

<
< <
>

< < < <


> >

. Kt hp vi x < 0 ta c x < 0.
c) Nu x > 0 thi BPT(2)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
24
0 2 6 2 6
24
16 0 3
0 2 6 0 2 6
24
16
3 3 64 24
x
x x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x x
x

> < <

+ s < s
< < < <

| |

+ s
| s s s

\ .

Tm li : Nghim ca BPT l
0
0 3
0 3
x
x x
x
=

< s

< s

.

Cch 2: ( Dng phng php trn)
* Tp xc nh D = R.
* Xt hm s
2
2
40
( ) 16
16
f x x x
x
= + +
+
, hm s f(x) lin tc trn R.
* PT f(x) = 0
2 2
16 24 x x x + =
2 2 2 2 2
( 16) (24 ) 64 576 3 x x x x x + = = = .
Th li thy ch c x = 3 l nghim ca phng trnh f(x) = 0.

* Bng xt du f(x) :

www.VNMATH.com

13
_
0
x
f (x)
- +
3
+

* Hm s f(x) lin tc v v nghim
trn cc khong : (- ; 3); (3 ; + )
nn trn tng khong ny f(x) khng
i du.
Ta c f(0) = -6 < 0 , f(4) = 2,58 > 0
Qua bng xt du ca f(x), ta suy ra
BPT f(x) s 0 c nghim x s 3.



Gii phng trnh :
2
3 2 1 (1)
3 2
x
x x
x
>

Cch 1 iu kin x >
2
3
.
BPT(1)
2
(3 2) (1 ) 3 2 ( 1)( 2) ( 1) 3 2 0 x x x x x x x x > + >

2
2
1
1
2 0
2 0
1 0
(3 2) (2 )
3 2 2
2
( 1)( 2 3 2) 0
1
1 0
3
2 0
3 2 2
3 2 (2 )
x
x
V x
x
x
x x
x x
x x x
x
x
x
x x
x x
>
>
>

s
>

>

>

+ >
< s

>
s


s

2
2
2
2
1 2
1 2
2 1 6
7 6 2
1 2
2
3
1
2
2
3 1
1
3
3
1
7 6 0
6
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
>
>

s s

s s

> s s

+

s s >

s s

s s

s s


s

+ >

>

.
Tm li BPT c nghim x >
2
3
.
Cch 2: iu kin x >
2
3
. BPT(1) f(x) =
2
3 2 1 0
3 2
x
x x
x
+ >

PT f(x) = 0
2
2 0
( 1)( 2 3 2) 0 1 3 2 2 1
3 2 (2 )
x
x x x x V x x x V
x x
>
+ = = = =

=

x = 1 V
2
2
2
1 3
7 6 0
x
x
x x

< s

+ =

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14
+
1
0
x
f (x)
2
3
+
+

* Hm s f(x) lin tc v v nghim
trn cc khong : (
2
3
; 1); (1 ; + ) nn
trn tng khong ny f(x) khng i
du.
Ta c f(
5
6
) = 0,108 > 0 , f(2) = 1 > 0
Qua bng xt du ca f(x), ta suy ra
BPT f(x) > 0 c nghim x >
2
3
.


Gii bt phng trnh : 1 1 (1) x x x + >
Cch 1 iu kin : -1 s x s 1.
BPT(1)
2
1 0
( )
1 ( 1 )
1 1
1 0
( )
1 0
x x
A
x x x
x x x
x
B
x x

+ >

+ > +

+ > +

+ >

+ s

1) Xt h (A) :
2
1 0
1 ( 1 )
x x
x x x

+ >

+ > +

2
2
0
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1
0
1 5 1 5
1 0
1 2 2
x
x
x
x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x
x
x x
s s s
s s

+ >
s s

s s + > > s s

>
+

+ s s s

>


H (A)
2 2
1 1 1 1
1 1 2 1 2 1 2 (2)
x x
x x x x x x x x x
s s s s

+ > + + s



+ Nu x = 0 th (2) ng
+ Nu x < 0 th (2)
2 2
2 1 2 4(1 ) (2 ) 0 x x x x x > > s v nghim trn [-1 ; 0 ).
+ Nu x > 0 th (2)
2 2
2 1 2 4(1 ) (2 ) 0 x x x x x s s > ng trn (0 ; 1].
Vy h (A) c nghim 0 s x s 1.
2) Xt h (B) :
1 0
1 0
x
x x
+ >

+ s

2
2
1 0
1 1
1 5
1 1 1 0
0
2
1 0 1
1
1 5
2
x
x
x x
x
x
x x x x
x x
x
s s

s s

s s s s
s

>

+ > s

s
+

>

v nghim
Tm li: BPT c nghim 0 s x s 1.

Cch 2: iu kin : -1 s x s 1.
Xt hm s f(x) = 1 1 x x x + vi x e [-1 ; 1 ]. BPT(1) f(x) > 0.
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15
PT : f(x) = 0
2 2 2
1 1 1 ( 1 ) 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x + = + + = + + = + + =
2
0 2 1 2 0 4(1 ) (2 ) 0. x V x x x V x x x = = = = =
Th li thy x = 0 l nghim ca phng trnh f(x) = 0.

Bng xt du ca f(x)
_
0
0
x
f (x)
-1
1
+

* Hm s f(x) lin tc v v nghim
trn cc khong : [-1; 0); (0 ; 1] nn
trn tng na khong ny f(x) khng
i du.
Ta c f(
1
2

) = - 0,017 < 0 , f(
1
2
) =
0,017 > 0
Qua bng xt du ca f(x), ta suy ra
BPT f(x) > 0 c nghim 0 s x s 1.


b) Gii cc BPT m, logarit
Gii BPT :
2 2 1 x 1 x x
(x x 1) (x x 1)
+
+ + > + + (*)
Cch 1 iu kin :
1 x 0
1 x 0
>

+ >

-1 s x s 1 (1)
* Ta c x
2
+x +1 > 0 , x e R. Ta xt 3 trng hp :
a) Trng hp : x
2
+x +1 = 1 x
2
+ x = 0 x = 0 V x = -1 tha mn BPT (*).
b) Trng hp : x
2
+x +1 > 1 x
2
+ x > 0 x < -1 V x > 0, kt hp vi k (1) ta c
0 < x s 1 (2)
BPT(*)
2
1 x 1 x x x 1 x 1 x x (1 x) 2x 1 x 1 x > + + > + + + > +
2 2
2 1 x 2 x 0 4(1 x) x 4x 4 x 0 x 0 loai (do k (2) ). > > > + s =

c) Trng hp x
2
+ x+ 1 < 1 x
2
+ x < 0 -1 < x < 0 (3)
BPT(*)
2
1 x 1 x x 1 x (1 x) x 2x 1 x x 2 2 1 x 0 (do x < 0) s + s + + + + + s
2 2
2 1 x x 2 4(1 x) x 4x 4 x 0 x 0 loai ( do k (3) ) + > + + > + + s =
Tm li: bt phng trnh c nghim x = 0; x = -1.

Cch 2: iu kin 1 s x s 1. Xt hm s :
2 2 1 x 1 x x
f (x) (x x 1) (x x 1)
+
= + + + +
BPT(*) BPT f(x) > 0 . By gi ta gii PT f(x) = 0.
Ta c :
2
2
2
x x 1 1
1 x 1 x 0 Vx 1 x 0 Vx 1
x 0
x ( 1;1] \ {0} x ( 1;1] \ {0}
f (x) 0
x x 1 1
x 1
1 x 1 x x 2x 1 x 2 1 x x 2 1 x 1
1 x 1 x x
+ + =

s s = = = =

=

e e =
+ + =

= + + + + = + s s

= +


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16
Th li ta thy PT f(x) = 0 c nghim x = 0 ; x = -1. Hm s f(x) lin tc v v nghim
trn cc khong (-1; 0) v (0 ; 1] nn trn cc khong ny f(x) khng i du.
Ta c
1
f ( )
2

~ - 0,0035 < 0 v
1
f ( )
2
~ - 0,0147 < 0
T suy ra BPT(*) c nghim x = -1; x = 0.

Gii bt phng trnh:
2
1
1
3
3
1 1
(1)
log (x 1)
log 2x 3x 1
>
+
+

Cch 1 : iu kin :
2
0 2x 3x 1 1 1 3 3
x ( 1 ; 0) (0 ; ) (1 ; ) ( ; ) (2)
2 2 2 0 x 1 1
< + =
e +

< + =

Khi BPT(1)
2 2
3 3
3 3
1 1 1 1
(3)
log (x 1) log (x 1)
log 2x 3x 1 log 2x 3x 1
> <
+ +
+ +

Xt 4 trng hp sau :
a) Trng hp 1 : -1 < x < 0 . Khi :
2 2
3
3
2x 3x 1 1 log 2x 3x 1 0
x 1 1
log (x 1) 0

+ > + >

+ <
+ <


(3) v
nghim.
b) Trng hp 2 :
1
0 x
2
< < . Khi :
2 2
3
3
2x 3x 1 1 log 2x 3x 1 0
x 1 1
log (x 1) 0

+ < + <

+ >
+ >



Suy ra BPT(3) nghim ng vi mi x :
1
0 x
2
< < .
c) Trng hp 3:
3
1 x
2
< < . Khi :
2 2
3
3
2x 3x 1 x(2x 3) 1 1 log 2x 3x 1 0
x 1 1
log (x 1) 0

+ = + < + <

+ >
+ >



Suy ra BPT(3) nghim ng vi mi x :
3
1 x
2
< < .
d) Trng hp 4:
3
x
2
> . Khi :
2 2
3
3
2x 3x 1 1 log 2x 3x 1 0
x 1 1
log (x 1) 0

+ > + >

+ >
+ >



BPT(3)
2 2 2 2
3 3
log 2x 3x 1 log (x 1) 2x 3x 1 x 1 2x 3x 1 x 2x 1 + > + + > + + > + +
x(x-5)> 0 x > 5.
Suy ta BPT c tp nghim :
1 3
T (0 ; ) (1 ; ) (5 ; ).
2 2
= +
Cch 2 iu kin :
2
0 2x 3x 1 1 1 3 3
x ( 1 ; 0) (0 ; ) (1 ; ) ( ; ) (2)
2 2 2 0 x 1 1
< + =
e +

< + =

Xt hm s
2 2
1
1
3
3
1 1
ln( ) ln( )
1 1
3 3
f (x)
log (x 1) ln(x 1)
log 2x 3x 1 ln 2x 3x 1
= =
+ +
+ +

Vi k (2) th f(x) = 0
2 2 2 2
ln 2x 3x 1 ln(x 1) 2x 3x 1 (x 1) 2x 3x 1 x 2x 1 + = + + = + + = + +
x
2
5x = 0 x = 0 V x = 5 . So vi k (2) th f(x) = 0 x = 5.
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17
* Hm s f(x) lin tc v v nghim trn cc khong : (-1 ; 0); (0 ;
1
2
);(1 ;
3
2
); (
3
2
; 5);(5
;+ ) nn trn tng na khong ny f(x) khng i du.
Ta c f(
1
2

) = -3,584 < 0 ; f(
1
4
) = 7,163 > 0 ;
5
f ( )
4
=3,594 > 0 ; f(2) = -1 < 0 ;f(6) =
0,016 > 0
+
_
+
5
+
3
2
1
2
_
0
0
x
f (x)
-1
1
+

Qua bng xt du ca f(x), ta suy ra BPT f(x) > 0 c tp nghim
1 3
T (0 ; ) (1 ; ) (5 ; ).
2 2
= +
Gii bt phng trnh :
2
6
sin
cos
2
3 log 2005 0
3
x
x
| |
+ >
|
\ .

Nhn xt: Nu dng my tnh ta s c :
6
log 2005 4, 243537... ~
D thy :
2
0
1
sin
cos
2 2
3 3 4
3 3
x
x
| | | |
+ s + =
| |
\ . \ .

T y suy ra bt phng trnh cho v nghim.
Nu khng dng my tnh th vic gii phng trnh ny s gp kh
khn.


B SUNG THM MT S VN GII TON VI S TR GIP CA
MY TNH CASIO V VINACAL

1) Dng my tnh chng minh phng trnh bc 3 c 3 nghim phn bit.
V d: Cho hm s :
2 4
6 4 6 y x x x = + + . Chng minh rng hm s c 3 cc tr.
Ta c :
3
' 4 12 4 y x x = + . Ta ch cn chng minh PT y = 0 c 3 nghim phn
bit.
Dng my tnh ta bit c 3 nghim :
1 2 3
1,8 ; 0, 3 ; 1, 5 x x x ~ ~ ~ .
Sau p dng nh l v hm s lin tc cho hm s g(x) =
3
4 12 4 x x + trn cc
on:
[-2 ; -1], [0 ; 1], [1 ; 2] ta c iu phi chng minh.
2) Dng my tnh dy bi nhn dng tam gic.
Trong tit hc v nhn dng tam gic cho hc sinh bi ton : Tm gi tr ln nht
ca biu thc
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18
T = cosA + cosB + cosC vi A, B, C l cc gc ca mt tam gic. Yu cu mi
em hy tnh gi tr ca T ng vi mt tam gic c th v vit cc kt qu ln
bng, t rt ra kt lun :
T
3
2
s sau dng l lun chng minh pht hin ny.
* Mt th d khc xt bi ton : Nhn dng tam gic ABC bit:

Gio vin c th yu cu hc sinh thay vo ng thc trn cc gi tr ca A, B, C
c th t rt ra kt lun :
3 3
sin sin sin
2
A B C + + s . Sau dng l lun
chng minh bt ng thc ny v ch ra ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi tam gic
ABC u.
3) Dng my tnh gii cc dng ton v phng trnh c nghim duy nht.
V d:
Gii phng trnh:
2 8
1 2 4 3 2 1 14
1
x
x x x
x
+
= + + +
+

Gii
iu kin: 1 x >
Xt cc hm s :
2 8
( ) ,
1
[1; )
x
f x x
x
+
= e
+
+
( ) 1 2 4 3 2 1 14, [1; ) g x x x x x = + + + e +
Dng o hm, d dng chng minh c trn min [1; ) + hm s f(x) nghch
bin v hm s g(x) ng bin.
Do phng trnh cho c nhiu nht mt nghim.
Dng chc nng SOLVE ta tm c nghim x = 5.
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht x = 5.
Nhn xt:
Nu khng rn luyn cho hc sinh s dng my tnh Casio, Vinacal mt cch
thnh tho th th cc em s gp kh khn khi tm ra nghim x = 5. Trong bi ton
trn nu ta thay x bi 3x 55 th ta s c phng trnh:

Bng cch l lun nh trn, ta cng chng minh c phng trnh c nhiu nht
mt nghim. Sau ta phi nhm mt nghim kt thc bi ton, nu khng s dng
my tnh thnh tho th kh m tm c nghim ny!
( PT ny c nghim duy nht x = 20
4) Dng my tnh Casio, Vinacal kim tra li kt qu gii hn ca hm s.
My tnh Casio v Vinacal khng c chc nng tnh gii hn ca hm s, tuy
nhin ta c th d on kt qu ca gii hn qua tng sau:
Gi s cn tnh ( ) lim
x a
f x

, ta dng chc nng CALC tnh gi tr ca hm s

f(x) ti cc gi tr ca x rt gn a. Sau y l cc v d minh ha:
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19
V d 1: Tnh
3
2
2
7 25
3 2
lim
x
x x
x x

+ +
+

Bng phng php gi s hng vng, ta vit:
3 3
2 2
2 2
7 25 ( 7 3) ( 25 3)
3 2 3 2
lim lim
x x
x x x x
x x x x

+ + + +
=
+ +

3
2 2
2 2
( 7 3) ( 25 3)
3 2 3 2
lim lim
x x
x x
x x x x

+ +
=
+ +

T y ta d dng tm c gi tr ca gii hn cho l
7
54
.
Sau ta dng my tnh kim tra li kt qu, bng cch tnh gi tr ca hm s
3
2
7 25
( )
3 2
x x
f x
x x
+ +
=
+
ti gi tr ca x rt gn vi s 2, chng hn tnh:
f(1,99999999), ta s c kt qu l 0.1300000, y cng chnh l gi tr
gn ng ca
7
54
.
5) Dng my tnh Casio, Vinacal kim tra li kt qu ca tch phn.
Gi s tnh tch phn : ( )
b
a
f x dx
}
, ta c kt qu l m. GV nn hng dn HS
dng my tnh kim tra li kt qu sau:
- Nhp vo my tnh : ( )
b
a
f x dx m
}
, nu my tnh hin th kt qu rt gn vi
s 0 th gi tr ca tch phn l m. iu ny gip cho hc sinh t tin hn khi lm
bi thi i hc.


Nhn thy nu bit kt hp vic dy v hc mn ton vi s tr gip ca my
tnh b ti mt cch linh hot th hiu qu thu c s rt tt. Chng ti thc nghim
phng php trn cc lp12 n thi i hc, Vi cc bi tp v gii bt phng trnh ,
cc dng ton v phng trnh lng gic c nghim c bit tng t nh cc v d
nu trn, nu dng phng php truyn thng th khng n 30% hc sinh cho li gii
ng, nhng nu ng phng php trong cc chuyn trn th a s cc em gii c
d dng. Qua vic ng dng phng php ny cn gip hc sinh vn dng kin thc
gii tch soi sng mt dng ton i s, rn k nng s dng thnh tho my tnh b
ti, y cng l mt yu cu c B gio dc ra.
Cn rt nhiu dng ton m nu gii bng phng php bnh thng s gp nhiu
kh khn. Bit khai thc nhng th mnh m my tnh em li s gip cho hc sinh d
dng nh hng v lm cho cng vic hc ton bt nng n hn. Cng vi cc phng
php truyn thng v gii bt phng trnh, phng trnh lng gic m hc sinh
bit, hy vng vic b sung thm cc chuyn ny s lm phong ph thm kinh nghim
gii ton cho hc sinh, gp phn hnh thnh lng am m, yu thch b mn, t
hng cc em vo vic nghin cu tm ra nhng ng dng mi, khng hi lng vi
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20
nhng kin thc bit m lun lun c tinh thn tm ti sng to t mnh tm ra
kin thc mi.


Qua thc t ging dy chng ti thy rng vn no m gio vin quan tm v
truyn th cho hc sinh bng lng say m v nhit tnh ca mnh th s cun ht cc
em vo con ng nghin cu. a my tnh cm tay vo ging dy trong chng
trnh ph thng khng phi l vn mi, nhng thc t cho thy cn nhiu Thy
C cha quan tm ng mc v vn ny. Vi SKKN ny hy vng gp phn thc
hin tt ch o ca BGD l a my tnh vo thc t ging dy ph thng v bi
dng hng nm c nhiu hc sinh t gii cao trong cc k thi hc sinh gii v
gii ton trn my tnh Casio, Vinacal cp tnh v khu vc.

Ti vit SKKN ny nhm mc ch chia s vi ng nghip v cc em hc sinh
nhng kinh nghim m bn thn tch ly c trong qu trnh ging dy. Cc chuyn
c trnh by trong SKKN ny th hin cc tng mi, mong mun khai thc
v s dng my tnh cm tay mt cch tht hiu qu trong cng vic ging dy v
hc tp b mn ton. Nhng vn c trnh by trong SKKN ny l nhng gi ,
hy vng rng qu ng nghip s tip tc nghin cu a ra ngy cng nhiu cc
th thut ng dng my tnh cm tay sao cho tht hiu qu. Nu lm tt cng vic
ny s gip cho vic hc ton ca hc sinh c nh nhng hn v gip cho cc em
t kt qu tt trong cc k thi tt nghip v i hc.

SKKN ny c th trin khai ng dng nh chuyn bi dng cho cc hc
sinh lp 10, 11, 12, cc hc sinh n tp thi tt nghip v i hc. Trong iu kin hin
nay mi hc sinh u c my tnh cm tay nn vic rn luyn cho hc sinh c t duy
gii ton vi s tr gip ca my tnh l mt vic lm kh thi. t c hiu qu cao
trong cng vic th gio vin cn phi c tinh thn nghin cu v sng to, c nh vy
gio vin mi pht hin ra cc vn mi trong ng dng v y chnh l yu t quan
trng thu ht s quan tm ca hc sinh.

Qua SKKN ny ti mun chia s vi cc bn ng nghip mt s kinh nghim
m ti tch ly c trong qu trnh ging dy mn ton v bi dng cho i
tuyn Quc gia v gii ton trn my tnh Casio, Vinacal. Hy vng qu Thy C s
lng ghp ni dung v k thut gii ton vi s tr gip ca my tnh cm tay vo
bi ging ca mnh.
Chng ti mong nhn c s trao i, gp cho chuyn t cc anh ch ng
nghip v cc em hc sinh. Hy vng SKKN ny s gp phn nng cao cht lng
dy v hc ton trng THPT.
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21


Thnh ph Bn Tre, ngy 20 thng 3 nm 2011.
Ngi vit






Nguyn Vn Qu






















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22


Trang
Phn m u
2
Phn ni dung
4
CHUYN 1: NG DNG MY TNH CASIO V VINACAL
D ON NGHIM GII PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
4
CHUYN 2: NG DNG MY TNH CASIO V VINACAL
GII BT PHNG TRNH
11
CHUYN 3: B SUNG THM MT S VN GII TON
VI S TR GIP CA MY TNH CASIO V VINACAL
17
Phn kt lun
20




1) Cc ti liu hng dn s dng my tnh Casio ca BGD
2) Sch gio khoa
3) Tp ch Ton hc v tui tr





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