1

CTI
Field Performance Testing of Cooling Tower by CTI (Bulletin ATP105
and Form ATP-107R )
1 2
Montri Pirunkaset and Santi Laksitanonta

(CTI)

, KaV/L ,L/G
L/G
L/G L/G 100
,

Abstract
The performance testing of mechanical draft cooling tower in the field of tower installation,
the supplier and purchaser should understand in the standards of field testing and calculations of
tower capability in the same way by following the Cooling Tower Institute standards(CTI
standards).The supplier should summit this testing tower characteristic curves in the form of a plot
of tower characteristics, KaV/L versus water to air flow ratio, L/G under the design approach to the
purchaser. From the design data and test data of the same tower, the design and test values of L/G
can be determined from the standard procedure. The ratio of test value of L/G to the design value of
L/G and multiplying by 100 (percentage tower capability) represents the design circulating flow
which can be cooled at the design range, approach, and inlet air conditions. It is important to
standardize the field testing of cooling tower and verify the technical concerning guarantees for
agreement of the purchaser and supplier eventually.
Key Words : Field testing, Mechanical draft cooling tower, CTI

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 2
10900
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900

A NF ,m2
A NF = (DF2 DPIPE2)/4
Cw

,kJ/kg-K
ha1

t wb1 ,
kJ/kg-dry air
ha2
,kJ/kg-dry air
h S1
,kJ/kg-dry
air
KaV/L

L/G
T1
T2
t wb1
t a2
vel AVG
va2
V&W
V&

W
2

, oC
, oC
, oC
, oC
, m/s
, m 3 /kg
,L/min
,m 3/min
, kg/m 3

CTI

CTI-Bulletin ATP-105
And Form ATP-107R

CTI
(L/G)design
(specification)
m 3 /min

L/min CTI (L/G)designBulletin ATP-105Form

ATP-107CTI

,
V&w = ______ L/min , V&a = ______ m3/min
,
T1 = ______ oC , T2 = ______ oC
,twb1 = ______ oC
, R = (T1-T2) = ______oC
L/G KaV/L

4.175V w w R v a 2
ha2 = ha1 +

1000 V a

(1)

1. ha1
twb1
2.
va2 2
3. (1) ha2
4. 2 ha2 2 3
, t a2
5. 1
4

1 4

V w w / 1000 V w w v a 2
L
=
=

G design
V a /v a2
1000 V a

(2)

(L/G)design (KaV/L ) design

,T1 ,T2
, twb1
(KaV/L ) design CTI

1 1 ,T1
,T2 ,twb1 ,(L/G)design
1 KaV/L CTI
hS
ha

h
(oC)
(kJ/kg)
(kJ/kg)
, T2= ______
_
twb1,ha1 = _______
_
TA=T2+0.1(T1-T2) = ______ _____ h = h +0.1C L (T -T ) = _______ _______
1 2
G
hB = ha1+0.4CW L (T1-T2) = _______
G
hC = ha2-0.4CW L (T1-T2) = _______
G
hD = ha2-0.1CW L (T1-T2) = _______
G
ha2 = ha1+ CW L (T1-T2) = _______
G
A

TB=T2+0.4(T1-T2) = ______

_____

TC=T1-0.4(T1-T2) = ______

_____

TD=T1-0.1(T1-T2) = ______

_____

, T1 = ______

a1

(1/h) =

(1/h) 1

1/h
_
_______

_______

_______

_______

_______

_______

_______

_
_______

(KaV/L ) design

( 1 / h )
KaV
= C w (T 1 T 2 )

4
L design

(3)

L/G KaV/L
(L/G)design (KaV/L)design

L/G (L/G)test CTI
, V&w,test (L/min)
, V&a ,test (m3/min)
V&w,test HPdesign
L
L
x

x
=
&

G test G design Vw,design HPtest

1/ 3

(4)

L
L
=
G test G design

V&
x a ,test
V&
a , design

(5)

, (L/G)test (4) ( 5 )
KaV/L

,T1 ,T2 ,twb1
( (L/G)test , (KaV/L)test )

CTI PFM-143:
1994 Recommend Practice for Airflow Testing of Cooling Tower
CTI DF DPIPE

2
2
A NF A NF = (DF DPIPE )/4 A F
= DF2/4 5 ,Aratio
A ratio = A NF /10

5 A5 = AF Aratio
, R5 = A5 /
, R4 = A4 /
4 A4 = A5 2 Aratio
3 A3 = A4 2 Aratio
, R3 = A3 /
2 A2 = A3 2 Aratio
, R2 = A2 /
1 A1 = A2 2 Aratio
, R1 = A1 /
20
,vel AVG
V&a = ANF vel AVG

( L / G) design ( KaV / L) design

,C KaV / L = C ( L / G) 0.6 (CTI)

( L / G ) test ( KaV / L) test ,C

KaV / L = C ( L / G ) 0.6

L/G 0< L/G

<(L/G)max (L/G)max
HWT
(L/G)max =

hS1 ha1
CW (T1 T2 )

(6)

CTI
1.) T1 = oC , T2 = oC , twb1=oC
2.) L/G 0 L/G (L/G) max (L/G) max ( 6 )
3.) T1 = oC , T2 = oC , twb1=oC 1.)
L/G 2.) L/G KaV/L
1
4.) L/G KaV/L3

( L / G ) design ( L / G) int er sec

Cooling Capacity =

( L / G ) int er sec
100
( L / G ) design

(7)

T1 (oC)

43

42.2

T2(oC)

34

32

twb1(oC)

29

27.5

V&W (L/min)

58,333

47,100

V&a ( m3/min)

28,665

31,250

(volt)

3,300

3,300

( amp)

34.7

29

(hp)

215

208.6

( HP = (1.73xAxVxPower _ FactorxMotor _ Efficiency) / 746 )

2 3
3 CTI

L/G

1.938

1.538

KaV/L

1.548

1.774

,C

2.3024

2.335

KaV/L=2.3024(L/G)-0.6 KaV/L=2.335(L/G)-0.6

T1 = 43 oC , T2 = 34 oC , twb1 = 29 oC

L/G

1.938

1.960

( L / G ) int er sec = 1.96

1

Cooling Capacity =

( L / G ) int er sec
1.96
100 = 101.14%
100 =
1.938
( L / G ) design

101.14%
101.14%

KaV/L
1.581

test

Approach 43-34-29 oC

Intersection point

1.559
design

1.548

Curve through test point

KaV/L=2.335(L/G) -0.6
Characteristic
KaV/L=2.3024(L/G) -0.6

1.774

1.938

1.96

L/G

[ 1 ] Mills , A. F., Heat and Mass Transfer, Richard D. Irwin Inc., Chicago, 1995.
[ 2 ] Hill , G.B ., Pring E.J. and Osborn P.D. ,Cooling Towers Principles and Practice, ButterworthHeinemann Ltd, London, 3 rd ed .,1990.

[ 3 ] Nicholas P.Ch. and Paul N.Ch., Cooling Tower (Selection ,Design and practice), Ann arbor
Science Publishers, the Butterworth-Group, Michigan, 2 nd ed.,1983.
[ 4 ] British Standard Institution, British Standard Specification for Water Cooling Towers ,Method for
Performance Testing ,BS 4485 ; Part 2,1988.
[ 5 ] Cooling Tower Institute, Acceptance Test Code for Water Cooling Towers. CTI Code ATC105,1982.
[ 6 ] Cooling Tower Institute, Cooling Tower Performance Curves, 1967.
[ 7 ] Cooling Tower Institute, Cooling Tower Manual Chapter 5, July, 1983.

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