METROLOGY LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
OBJECTIVE To determine the error in circularity of a given cylindrical specimen. APPARATUS Concentricity Tester M200 with precision indicating gauge, V-bearings, Swivel Measuring Head etc. The Concentricity Tester M200 is used for measurement of:
1. Error in circularity on cylindrical components etc.

2. Concentric running of cylinders and tapers.

3. Axial run out of end faces.

4. Deviation from cylindrical shape and thus the amount of taper on mandrels. DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS Concentricity Tester M200 consists of a base bed with rigid column (diameter 60mm), a swivel measuring head, and a slide with a travel of 200mm. The displacement is carried out with the help of a rack unit and is read by rule and a vernier scale.
1. Measuring Head can sensitively be set along the column locked in any position desired and

swiveled through 900.

2. Precision Indicating Gauge (of least count 1 m) serves as the measuring and indicating

instrument.
3. Two Center Stands can be moved along the entire length of the slide and locked in any position. 4. V-bearings for holding specimens/ objects without centering.

THEORY: Circularity Defined: Component with a circular cross section is said to be free from error in circularity if all points lying on the periphery of the circle (of cross section) are at the same distance from the center. Error in circularity can be of three main types: 1. Lobing 2. Ovality 3. Random.

Fig. 1 Lobing

Fig. 2 Ovality

Fig. 3 Random

Figure - Different Types of Errors

PROCEDURE:
1. 12 markings equally spaced at angles of 300 are made on the face of the work piece (region between

two successive markings may be taken to represent a particular angular position).

2. The work piece is then placed on the Vblock (V-Bearings). 3. The measuring head is adjusted (with the help of rack and pinion arrangement) so that plunger of the

dial gauge comes in contact with the specimens face (periphery). The position is so adjusted that dial gauge indicator is at the zero position.
4. The dial gauge reading corresponding to each specific angular position is determined for a given

longitudinal position. This reading represents the error in circularity at a given angular position.
5. Steps 1 to 4 may be repeated for two more longitudinal positions.

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. NO. 1. 2. 12. Angular (Degrees) Position Error in Circularity at Longitudinal Position L1 L2 L3 Average Error in Circularity at a Given Position.

PLOTTING THE GRAPHS:

1. CARTESIAN GRAPH: Draw a graph between angular positions of specimen and corresponding

error in circularity by taking former as the abscissa and later as the ordinate. Join the points with a free hand.
2. POLAR GRAPH: Draw a reference circle of any suitable diameter to represent the nominal

diameter of the work piece. Divide this circle into 12 equal angular divisions. The error in Circularity at each angular position is marked along the radial direction. Join the obtained points with a free hand.

RESULTS:

1. From the polar graph, determine the type of error in circularity (i.e. Lobing, Ovality or Random). 2. Determine the difference (radial distance) between the maximum inscribing circle and the minimum circumscribing circle. This radial distance is the Error in Circularity over the entire component.