Ekid if Hawmfy&d,wo

d moemhwuokv
d f (&efuke)f

ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf

b'Ewdavmu
b'Ewad vmuonf &efukew
f kdi;f a'oBuD;? oHk;cGNrdKUe,f? ysO;f ruefaus;&Gm tz OD;tke;f nGeYf?
trd a':&Sed w
f kdYrS 1295 ckESp?f awmfovif;vqef; 14 &uf? paeaeYwGif rD;SL;oefYpif zGm;jrifaom
om;&wemjzpfygonf/ arG;csi;f (7)a,mufwGif q|rajrmufjzpfNyD; i,femrnfrSm armifwufxG#af wmf
jzpfygonf/
f pfausmif;? bk&m;
b'Ewad vmuonf oufawmf(16)ESpt
f &G,w
f Gif ysO;f ruefaus;&Gm? wdkuo
BuD;ausmif;wdkuq
f &mawmf b'EpaEmbmor[max&fukd OyZm,fjyK rdbESpyf g;wdkY\ yp,mEk*[udk
cH,l &Sio
f mraP tjzpfjzifh omoemhabmifokdY 0ifa&mufcJhygonf/ bGJUawmfrSm &Siw
f ad vmu jzpfyg
onf/
b'Ewdavmuonf 1314 ckESpf? waygif;vqef; (8)&uf? paeaeY? eHeuf (8;00)em&D
(8)z0g; (1)zDvm tcsed w
f Gif ysO;f ruefaus;&Gm? wdkuo
f pfausmif;? bk&m;BuD;ausmif;wdkuf c@odrf
ysOf;ruefaus;&Gm? a&Tausmif; ausmif;wdkufq&mawmf b'EynmoD[r[max&fudk OyZ,fjyK
ysOf;ruefaus;&Gm? a':aiG&if rdom;pkwdkY\ yp,mEk*[udk cH,lNyD; jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;tjzpfodkY
a&muf&Sdygonf/
b'Ewad vmuonf oHk;cGNrdKUe,f? ysO;f ruefaus;&Gm? tv,fwef;ausmif;? ausmif;tkyq
f &mBuD;
OD;bdk;uif;(if;ausmif; owrwef;txd)? ysO;f ruefaus;&Gm? a&Tausmif;q&mawmf b'EynmoD[
(y0g&Pm*dkPf;csKyfq&mawmf)(tajccH bmom? omoem)? b'EpaEmbmo (ysOf;ruefbk&m;BuD;
wdkuo
f pfausmif;)? b'Eol&,
d mbd0Ho(t*r[my@dw)? b'EoDv? b'Eu0dEmbd0Ho(t*r[m
y@dw)? b'Eaum@nmbd0Ho(tv,fawm& pmcsausmif;)? b'EpuEd ? b'EyndEmbd0Ho(t*
r[my@dw)? b'EoDvmpm&mbd0Ho(r[matmifajrbHkpHausmif;)? b'Eukovmbd0HoESifh pmcs
q&mawmfrsm;(rEav;NrdKU? rpdk;&draf usmif;wdku)f wdkYwGif ynm&ifEkdYaomufpkdY ygVdyxrjyefpmar;yGJ
i,f vwf BuD;? tpdk;&"rmp&d,? &efukew
f uokdvf 0dZmwef;wdkYukd atmifjrifcJhNyD; omoe"ZoD&yd 0&
"rmp&d,ESifh B.A bGJUwkdYukd&&Scd Jhygonf/
b'Ewad vmuonf &efukeNf rdKU? A[ef; r[matmifajrbHkpaH usmif;wdkuf pmcsbke;f BuD;? urm&Gwf
qifa&;wGi;f oD&rd *Fvmaysmb
f G,af usmif; ygVdwuokdvpf mcsuxdu? Edkiif HawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU
zGihfvSpaf om Edkiif Hawmf0ed nf;"dk&o
f ifwef;odkY &efuket
f ajccHa'orS wufa&mufcJhNyD; &efukew
f kdi;f a'oBuD;
0dedp,tzGJU(1) obmywd? ausmif;xdkifbkef;BuD;oifwef;ausmif; ausmif;tkyf? qifhyGm;0denf;"dk&f
oifwef;rSL;? oHCorKwd& oHCmhuk,
d pf m;vS,(f 2)Budrf (r&rf;uke;f )ynma&;tzGUJ i,f ponfwkYd tm;BudK;
rmefwuf omoemtwGuf BudK;pm;aqmif&GufcJhNyD; EdkifiHawmfy&d,wdomoemhwuodkvf(&efukef)\
ygarmucsKyfwm0efukd 19-4-86 rSp 8-8-88 txd Ak'jrwfpGm omoemawmfjrwf oefY&Si;f wnfwHh
jyefYyGm;a&;twGuf omoemjyK ukokdvx
f l;udk qnf;yl;jyKvkyf tm;xkwaf wmfrlcJhygonf/

EkdifiHawmfy&d,wdomoemhwuokdvf(&efukef)

ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf

b'Ey @dwmbd0o
H
b'Ey@dwmbd0Hoonf rEav;wkid ;f a'oBuD; jrif;NcHNrKdUe,f? usm;wkid ;f aus;&Gm tzOD;pH&D
trda':aiGjrifhwkYdrS 1304-ckESp?f wykYdwGJvqef; 6-&uf? Mumoyaw;aeYwGif rD;IoefYpifzGm;jrifaom
om;&wemjzpfygonf/ i,frnfrSm armifjrarmifjzpfygonf/
q&mawmfb'Ey@dwmbd0Hoonf oufawmf(13)ESpt
f &G,w
f Gif rEav;wkid ;f jrif;NcHNrKdUe,f?
usm;wkid ;f aus;&Gm? pufawmf&mausmif;wku
d f q&mawmfbEeE0Houkd Oypm,fjyK rdbESpyf g;\ yp,m
Ek*[udk cH,lNyD; &Sio
f mraPtjzpfjzifh omoemhabmifokYd 0ifa&mufcJhygonf/ oufawmf(20)t&G,?f
1325-ckEpS f 0gacgifvqkw(f 1)&uf eHeuf(9;10)em&Dtcsed w
f iG f rEav;wkid ;f a'oBuD; taemufawmifNrKdUe,f
&Sr;f 0kid ;f aus;&Gm r[m0dok'g kaH usmif;wku
d ?f oufawmf&n
S af usmif;q&mawmf b'EpEmbd0o
H r[max&f
ukd Oypm,fjyK rEav;NrKdU? HkawmfBuD;&yfuGuf OD;babmf+a':ode;f &ifro
d m;pkwkYd\ yp,mEk*[ukd
cH,lNyD; jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;b0okYd a&muf&Scd Jhygonf/
q&mawmfonf i,fpOfu rEav;wkid ;f a'oBuD;? jrif;NcHNrKdUe,f? usm;wkid ;f aus;&Gm? pufawmf&m
ausmif;q&mawmfxHwGif tajccHynmrsm;qnf;yl;cJhygonf/ xkYdaemuf &[ef;tjzpfokdY a&mufNyD;aemuf
rEav;NrKdU? rkd;aumif;ausmif;wkduf? armfvNrKdifuRef;tkXfausmif;q&mawmf? b'Etmobmbd0HoESifh
pmcsq&mawmfrsm;? rEav;NrKUd r[m0do'k g kw
H u
dk o
f pf? 0gqkad usmif;q&mawmf? b'Et*d,
(t*r[my@dw)
ESihfpmcsq&mawmfrsm;? tr&yl&NrKdU? r[m*EmkHausmif;wku
d q
f &mawmf b'EZeumbd0Ho? Edkiif Hawmf
y&d,wdomoemhwuokdvf q&mavmif;a&G;cs,fa&; 6-vywf oifwef;q&mrsm;xHwGif pmayrsm;
qufvufqnf;yl;cJhNyD; Ak'omoemtzGJU tbd"rm(y?'k?w)tqifhESihf *kPx
f l;oHk;qifh tpk;d & yxri,f?
vwf? BuD;? rEav; omoe[dwtoif;pmar;yGJ? yxrtqifh? 'kw,
d tqifh? wwd,tqifh? omoe"Z
"rmp&d,? omoe"ZoD&yd 0&"rmp&d,? apwd,*FPtoif; pmoifwef;? pmcswef;rsm;atmifjrifcJh
NyD; t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw? t*r[my@dw bGJUwHqyd af wmfwkdYukd &&Scd Jhygonf/
q&mawmf b'Ey@dwmbd0Hoonf tr&yl&r[m*EmkHausmif;wdkuf *P0gpuOD;pD;tzGJU?
tEkem,uausmif;bke;f BuD;? pmcs? Ak'bmom,Ofaus;rIoifwef;q&m? Edkiif Hawmftpk;d &rS ay;tyfaom
ynma&;udprsm;? Ekid if HawmfoHCr[e,tzGUJrS ay;tyfaom ynma&; omoema&;udprsm;? ig;Edkiif H
y&d,wo
d ifMum;rIavhvma&;c&D;tzGJUtzGJU0if? Edkiif Hawmfy&d,wo
d moemhwuokv
d (f &efuke)f wGif okwE
yd#ur[mXme ygarmu? 'kw,
d ygarmucsKyfwm0ef? &efuke^f rEav; ygarmucsKyfwm0efwkdYukd 234-86 aeYrpS tqifq
h ifh wm0efwk;d jrihf xrf;aqmifcNhJ yD; Ak'o
moemawmfjrwf oef&Y iS ;f wnfwhH jyefyY mG ;a&;
twGuf omoemjyKukokdvx
f l; qnf;yl;jyKvkyf tm;xkwcf Jhygonf/

EdkifiHawmfy&d,wdomoemhwuokdvf(&efukef)

ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf

b'E0 Pw
d

q&mawmf b'E0Pw
d udk ppfukdi;f wdki;f a'oBuD;? bkwvifNrdKUe,f? rHkxl;aus;&Gm crnf;awmf
OD;&Ti+f r,fawmf a':wifped w
f kdYrS aumZmou&mZf 1304-ckESpf waygif;vqkwf (4)&uf? Ak'[l;aeY
wGif zGm;jrifawmfrlonf/ arG;csif;(8)a,mufwGif 'kwd,ajrmuf om;&wemjzpf i,femrnfrSm
armif0if;armif jzpfygonf/
q&mawmfavmif;vsmonf bkwvifNrdKUe,f? rHkxl;aus;&Gm? &GmOD;ausmif;wGif rdbESpyf g; \
yp,mEk*[jzihf &GmOD;ausmif;q&mawmf b'E0v
d moudk OyZm,fjyK &Sio
f mraPtjzpf a&mufcJhonf/
bJGUawmfrSm &Siyf Pw
d jzpfonf/ 1324-ckESp?f e,kev
f qkwf (14)&uf? we*FaEGaeY? eHeuf (8)em&D
(17)rdepftcsed w
f Gif rEav;wdki;f a'oBuD;? rEav;NrdKU? a&TvGe&f yfuGuf OD;csKd +a':apmjrrdom;pkwkdY\
yp,mEk*[
jzihf &efukew
f kid ;f a'oBuD;? omauwNrdKUe,f? (7)&yfuu
G ?f rHk&mG ausmif;? tm'dum&Hkausmif;wdkuf
q&mawmf b'E0v
d moudk OyZm,fjyK jrihjf rwfaom &[ef;tjzpfokYd a&mufcJhonf/
q&mawmf b'E0Pw
d onf ppfukdi;f a'oBuD;? bkwvifNrdKUe,f? rHkxl;aus;&Gm? &GmOD;ausmif;
q&mawmf b'E0v
d mo? rEav;NrdKU? rpdk;&draf usmif;wdkuq
f &mawmfrsm;? {&m0wDwkdi;f a'oBuD;? "EkjzLNrdKU
awmifay:ausmif;ausmif;wdkuf q&mawmfrsm;xHwGif pmayusrf;*efrsm; qnf;yl;avhvmcJhygonf/
atmifjrifcahJ om pmar;yGrJ sm;rSm omoe"Z"rmp&d,bGUJ ? B.A(English) bGUJ ? t*r[m*E0gpuy@dwbGUJ ?
t*r[my@dwbGJUwkdYukd &&Scd Jhygonf/
omoema&;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;rSm &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD;? omauwNrdKUe,f? NrdKUe,fESihfwdkif;
0denf;"dk&?f &efukew
f kdi;f a'oBuD;? ausmif;xdkib
f ke;f BuD;oifwef;ausmif;? *P0gpu? wdy#d upmar;yGJ
pmaxmufpmr? {&m0wD? ppfukdi;f ? rEav; wdki;f a'oBuD;rsm; ausmif;xdkib
f ke;f BuD;oifwef;ausmif;
rGr;f rHq&m? Ekid if Hawmfy&d,wo
d moemhwuokdv(f &efuke)f yd#uwfqkid &f m t*Fvyd pf mayXme? XmerSL;
Ekid if Hawmfy&d,wo
d moemhwuokdv(f &efuke?f rEav;)wdkYwGif 'kw,
d ygarmucsKyfwm0ef? ygarmucsKyf
wm0efrsm;udk 1-12-89 aeUrSp 1-12-2007 aeYtxd xrf;aqmifcJhygonf/
,cktcg q&mawmfonf &efukew
f kdi;f a'oBuD;? omauwNrdKUe,f? &wemuefuav; ausmif;wGif
y"meem,q&mawmftjzpf omoemhwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifvQuf&Syd gonf/

EkdifiHawmfy&d,wdomoemhwuokdvf(&efukef)

ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf

a'gufwmb'Etm'dp0Ho
a'gufwmb'Etm'dp0Hoonf ppfukid ;f wkid ;f a'oBuD;? ppfukid ;f NrKdUe,f? ZD;acsmif;aus;&Gm
tz OD;wk;d trd a':at;jrwkYdrS 1310-ckESp?f e,kev
f qkwf (8)&uf?f we*FaEGaeYwGif rD;IoefYpif
zGm;jrifaom om;&wemjzpfygonf/
a'gufwmb'Etm'dp0 o
H nf oufawmf (12)ESpt
f &G,w
f iG f ppfuikd ;f wkid ;f a'oBuD;? ppfuikd ;f NrKdUe,f
ZD;acsmif;aus;&Gm? wdavmu*kkausmif;q&mawmf b'Eem,urax&fjrwfukd OyZm,fjyK rdbESpyf g;
\ yp,mEk*[ukd cH,lNyD; &Sio
f mraPtjzpfokdY a&muf&Scd Jhygonf/ oufawmf(20)t&G,?f 1329-ckEpS f
wefaqmifrke;f vqef; (8)&uf eHeuf(8;15)em&D? tcsed w
f Gif ppfukid ;f wdki;f a'oBuD;? ppfukid ;f NrKdUe,f?
aomwmyefaus;&Gm wdavmu*kkausmif;wdkuq
f &mawmf b'Eem,urax&fjrwfukd OyZm,fjyK
rdbESpyf g;\ yp,mEk*[ukd cH,lNyD;jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;tjzpfokYd a&muf&Scd Jhygonf/ bGJUawmfrSm t&Sif
tm'dpjzpfygonf/
a'gufwmb'Etm'dp0Hoonf OD;em,u? wdavmu*kk b^urlvwef;ausmif;? OD;Eu?
jroDwmacsmif? OD;okyndEm bd0o
H ('kOuX) yxr r[m*EmkyH gVdwuov
kd ?f ppfuikd ;f awmif;kd OD;awZed,
(wku
d t
f kyq
f &mawmf) 0gqkad usmif;? 0gqkad usmif;bHkausmwdku?f awmifjyif? rEav;NrKdU? wkYx
d HwGif tajccH
usr;f pmrsm;ukd oif,lwwfajrmufcJhygonf/ q&mawmfonf &[ef;jzpfNyD;aemuf OD;pErd m? oDwmkHpmoif
wku
d ?f awmifilNrKdU/ OD;P0&mbd0Ho? anmifuefwku
d ?f rEav;NrKdU/ OD;awZed,? 0gqkad usmif;? bkHausmf
wdku?f rEav;NrKdU/ OD;okpw
d ? okpw
d mkpH moifwu
kd ?f urm&Gw?f &efuke/f emvEmwuov
kd ?f a'vDwuov
kd ?f
tdE,
d Ekid if HwkYdwGif ynmrsm;qnf;yl;cJhNyD; ygVdyxrjyefpmar;yGJ i,f vwf BuD;? omoe"ZoD&yd 0&
"rmp&d,? 0dZmbGJU? B.A(Eco), M.A(Pali), M.Phil, Ph.D(India) bGJUwkYu
d kd &&Scd JhNyD; Edkiif HawmfrS qyfuyf
aom r[m*E0gpuy@dw? t*r[m*E0gpuy@dw? t*r[my@dwbGJUawmfwkYdukd tvSLcH&&Sad wmfrl
ygonf/
a'gufwmb'Etm'dp0Hoonf wGJzuf acgifwkid t
f v,fwef;ausmif;? acgifwkid pf moifwku
d ?f
ausmufqpf&GmOD;ausmif;(naeoifwef;)? okpw
d mkHpmoifwkduw
f kYd avmuDavmukw&mpmayrsm;ukd
oifMum;cJhNyD; tdE,
d Edkiif H y&a'oDoHCem,utzGJU0iftjzpf omomemhwm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifcJhonf/
,cktcg q&mawmfonf tjynfjynfqkid &f m ax&0g'omoemjyKwuokv
d ?f y&d,wXd me? XmerSL;wm0efEiS hf
Ekid if aH wmfy&d,wo
d moemhwuov
kd (f &efuke)f wGif ygarmucsKyfwm0efrsm;udk (18.7.08)aeYrpS ,aeYwikd f
omoemjyKvkyif ef;rsm;ukd yl;wGJxrf;aqmifvsu&f Syd gonf/

EkdifiHawmfy&d,wdomoemhwuodkvf(&efukef)

'kw,
d ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf

b'Ew
ad vmumbd0o
H

q&mawmf b'Ewad vmumbd0Houdk {&m0wDwkid ;f a'oBuD;? ZvGeNf rKdUe,f? anmifyifomaus;Gm?

crnf;awmf OD;baz+r,fawmfa':apmpdew
f kdYrS 1300 jynfhESp?f waygif;vqef;(1)&uf? paeaeYwGif
rD;SL;oefYpifzGm;jrifawmfrlonf/
q&mawmfavmif;vsmonf ZvGeNf rKdUe,f? anmifyifomausmif;q&mawmf b'EE0o
H r[max&f
jrwfukd OyZm,fjyK rdbESpyf g;wkYd\ yp,mEk*[ukd cH,lum touf 15-ESpt
f G,w
f Gif Sio
f mraP
tjzpfjzifh omoemhabmifokdY 0ifa&mufcJhygonf/
1320-ckEpS ?f uqkev
f qef;(10)&ufaeY eHeuf 7;45 em&D 15-z0g;? 1 zDvmtcsed w
f iG f ZvGeNf rKdUe,f?
anmifyifomaus;Gm? anmifyifomausmif;wku
d ?f c@odrf ZvGeNf rKdUe,f? yuGJaus;Gm? yuGJausmif;
q&mawmf b'EpEm0& r[max&fjrwfukd OyZm,fjyK ZvGeNf rKdUe,f? anmifyifomaus;Gm OD;rsujf yL;+
a':ode;f &ifro
d m;pkwkdY\ yp,mEk*[ukd cH,lNyD; jrifhjrwfaom &[ef;tjzpfokdY a&mufScd Jhygonf/
q&mawmfavmif;vsmonf ZvGeNf rKdUe,f? anmifyifomausmif;q&mawmf b'EE0Ho? jrif;jcHNrKdU
udk;aqmifwku
d q
f &mawmf b'Eaombdw? rEav;NrKdU csr;f omBuD;wdkuq
f &mawmfb'EeErL wdkx
Y aH wmfrS
ynm&ifEkYdaomufpkdYcJhNyD; tpdk;&pmar;yGJ? trsK;d om;pmar;yGJrsm; tqifhjrifhjrifhjzifh atmifjrifcJhygonf/
&Scd ahJ om bGUJ rsm;rSm omoe"Zod&yD 0&"rmp&d,? ouso[
D "rmp&d,? yxrausm"f rmp&d,(trsK;d om;)
wdkYjzpfygonf/ *kPx
f l;aqmifbGJUwHqyd t
f aejzifh t*r[my@dw bGJUwHqyd af wmfukdvnf; &Scd Jhygonf/
q&mawmfonf jrif;NcHNrKdU udk;aqmifwkduf *P0gpu? tif;pdefGmry&d,wdpmoifwkduf
wm0efcpH mcswku
d t
f ky?f NrKdUe,f0ed nf;"k&d ?f NrKdUe,foC
H em,u'kw,
d Ou|? NrKdUe,fygVdyxrjyef BuD;Muyfa&;
tzGJUOu|? r[e ynma&;tzGJUi,f\ txl;wm0efay;csurf sm;? Ekid if HawmfoHCr[mem,utzGJU wGJzuf
tusK;d awmfaqmif? 'kw,
d Ou| ponfh wm0efwku
Yd kd xrf;aqmifonft
h jyif Ekid if aH wmfy&d,wo
d moemh
wuokdv(f &efuke)f tbd"ry#d ur[mXme ygarmu^XmerSL;wm0efukd (18.4.1986) rS (7.7.1989)
txd xrf;aqmifcJhNyD; (12.11.1988) aeYwGif 'kw,
d ygarmucsKyfwm0efukdyg wdk;jrihyf l;wGJ xrf;aqmifcJh
ygonf/
,cktcg q&mawmfonf tif;pdeNf rKdU? Gmry&d,wpd moifwku
d f y"meem,utjzpfjzifh wm0ef,l
vsuf y&d,wf? y#dywfomoemhwm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifawmfrlvsuf Syd gonf/
q&mawmfonf-y&dw#f Dum? ordki;f wm0efausyGeyf gap? c&D;yef;wkid Ef Sihft*kFwK&d jf refrmjyef? pepf
a[mif;? pepfopf rl? i,fvwfBuD; tajzpkH (7) usr;f ? rmwdum"mwkuxm? ,ru?y|mef;? tbd"rm?
o'gvufaqmifusrf;rsm;? y|mef;ykdYcspOf? t|omvdeDtajzpkH paom usrf;aygif; 20-ausmfudk
a&;om;jyKpkawmfrlcJhygonf/

EkdifiHawmfy&d,wdomoemhwuokdvf (&efukef)

'kw,
d ygarmucsKyfq&mawmf

b'EOwr
b'EOwrukd rauG;wkdif;a'oBuD;? a&pBudKNrKdUe,f? zlvHkaus;&Gm? tz OD;bOD; trd
a':zGm;jrifhwkYdrS 1311-ckESpf uqkev
f qef; 12-&uf? we*FaEGaeYwGif rD;IoefYpifzGm;jrifaom om;&wem
jzpfygonf/
b'EOwronf oufawmf 13-ESpt
f &G,w
f Gif rauG;wkid ;f ? a&pBudKNrKdUe,f? zlvHkaus;&Gm?
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