Open system interconnection ( OSI ) model :

It is seven layer architecture adopted by ISO. Each layer provides specific service and protocol.

OSI reference model is seven layer communication . It is developed by international standard organization. It is called as open system interconnection model , because it is designed to deal with open system. It consists of seven layer , where each layer performs some specific task : 1. Physical layer : The physical layer is responsible for sending bits from one computer to another. It defines the type of encoding , transmission rate , synchronization , connection type , physical topologies and media bandwidth etc. The device used in physical layer are active and passive hub , terminators , cables , repeater , coppler , multiplexer , transmitter etc. 2. Data link : It is responsible for reliable node to node delivery of packet. It performs following functions framing , physical addressing , flow control , error control and access control. Devices used in this layer are bridge, intelligent hub, NIC etc. 3. Network layer : The main function of this layer is to deliver packet from source to destination across multiple networks. It determines the quality of service by deciding the priority of message and the root of message. It is concerned with circuit message and packet switching.

4. Transport layer : It is responsible for source to

destination delivery of entire message. It devides each message into packet and the source and reassembles them at destination. 5. Session layer : This layer establishes and maintains interactions between communication system. The most important service provided by this layer is dialog control, dialog separation.

6. Presentation layer : It is responsible for syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems of information. 7. Application layer : This layer provides services that directly support user applications such as database access, email and file transfer.