TIGRAI DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (TDA)

A PROJECT PROPOSAL ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRY LATRINE FACILITY, ESTABLISHMENT OF POTABLE WATER AND SUPPLY OF SCHOOL FURNITURE TO PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF TIGRAI

October, 2009 Mekele, Tigrai, Ethiopia

Project Profile 1. Project Title: Construction of dry latrine, establishment of potable water points and supply of school furniture to primary schools of Tigrai 2. Type of the Project: This project deals with the procurement and supply of school furniture, construction of dry latrine facilities and establishment of potable water points in lower primary schools of Tigrai in order to mitigate the lower participation rate and the incidence of water borne diseases within the school community 3. The Project Implementing Organization: Name of the organization: Tigrai Development Association (TDA) Contact person: Ambassador Tewolde Gebru, Executive Director of TDA Address: P. O. Box: 469 Telephone: 034-440-63-75/034-440-26-71 Cell phone: 0914 30-01-81/0911-20-08-17 Fax: 034-440-79-77 Town/City: Mekele, Tigrai, Ethiopia

4. Funding Agency: UNICEF 5. Project Location: Region: Tigrai Zone: North Western, Western, Central, South Eastern, Eastern and Southern Zones of Tigrai District: A total of 46 weredas 6. Beneficiaries Information: The direct beneficiaries of one First Cycle Primary School are 400 school going children every year and the indirect beneficiaries are rural dwellers estimated at 2,500. Therefore, there will be a total of 2900 project beneficiaries every year in one primary school 7. Project Duration: 6 months after grants are secured 8. Total Project Cost: Birr 335,252 (USD 26,820 (This is including the cost for one segregated toilet for girls)

1. Executive Summary Ethiopia, in its walk to ensure Universal Primary Education, has been expanding primary education in the rural and urban areas throughout the country. The efforts made to expand primary education has significantly improved access to primary education which is measured in Gross Enrollment Rate (GER), Net Enrollment Rate (NER) and Home to School Distance (HSD). However, despite improving access the expansion of primary education has entailed problems that disturb the smooth functioning of the learning and teaching environment. Majority of the primary schools constructed suffered from lack of internal school facilities /furniture, dry latrine pits and potable water supply/. In Tigrai, these problems are more acute. According to the statistics from the Tigrai Regional Bureau of Education, the total number of governmental and non governmental primary schools increased from 1,049 in 2004 to 1,775 in 2008. As a result, home to school distance ranged from 3.1 in grade one to 5.06 to grade eight. Whilst access to primary education has been continuously improving from time to time, there exist apparent problem of school furniture, dry latrine pits and potable water supply placing heavy challenges to the smooth functioning of the school environment. The problem is so extensive that covers most of the rural schools in Tigrai and given the resource limitation of Tigrai Regional National State; it requires the involvement of all development actors. In 2008, we had more than 700 temporary shelter Das schools and TDA conducted a very successful Telethon with the theme From Das to class to alleviate the problem. In this telethon, TDA was successful in changing about 350 of these schools to normal buildings with the assistance of its members and the community. However, these schools do not have furniture, water facilities and segregated toilet for girls. TDA will continue to work in strong collaboration with donors, supporters and association members at home and abroad. This project is proposed to meet the felt needs of the primary schools of Tigrai for school furniture, dry latrine pits and potable water supply. This project deals with the procurement and supply of school furniture, construction of dry latrine facilities and establishment of potable water points in lower primary schools of Tigrai in order to mitigate the lower participation rate and the incidence of water borne diseases within the school community. The average cost for these three facilities for one primary school including the cost for segregated toilet for girls is Birr 335,252 (USD 26,820). The need is quite enormous because it is the demand of more than 700 primary schools in Tigrai. However, UNICEF is now requested to cover part of the project cost based on its interest and budget.

2. Special Accomplishments of Tigrai Development Association (TDA) in Education Tigrai Development Association (TDA) is a community based civil society organization registered as a legal NGO in the Ministry of Justice of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in September 1998 by all the Provisions of the Civil Code of Ethiopia Legal Notice Number 321 of 1960 with a certificate bearing number of 280 that is renewed every year. Since its inception in August 1989, TDA implemented over 3,000 projects using the resources pooled from different sources in the last 20 years. These projects improved the livelihood of a very plenty number of poor people and thus contributed to poverty reduction. Majority of TDAs commitments are in the areas of education, health and skill training. However, in line with the thematic area of this proposal, the special accomplishments of TDA in education sector are outlined as follows:

Constructed and furnished 127 primary schools, and started the construction of 500 primary schools to convert them from temporary makeshift to standard school buildings using the fund generated during the successful TDA Telethon event. Provided grant to 750 primary schools for the execution of school improvement/development plan Constructed additional classrooms in 12 secondary schools Rehabilitated 16 war affected primary schools Conducted school feeding program in 80 drought-affected schools Implemented Basic Education system Overhaul (BESO I) and Basic Education Strategic Objectives (BESO II) projects for 10 years with the assistance of USAID, which benefited over 1,000 primary schools Running Community School Partnership Program in 150 primary schools, which focuses on education, health and sanitation Constructing libraries in 7 secondary schools Supplied equipment, chemicals and books to 14 secondary schools Initiated and implemented tutorial program in all junior and secondary schools Established and is running one special boarding high school around Mekele for talented students Constructed and strengthened 11 public libraries Renovated and established Internet Cafe in 14 public libraries Conducted prize award programs to encourage healthy academic competition among students Implemented functional adult literacy project among 9,000 adults

Implemented Ambassadors Girls Scholarship Program to reduce sociocultural impediments of girls and womens success in secondary education Currently launching a new project to support about 2,000 OVCs with the support from USAID and World Learning Ethiopia. 3. Problem Statement: Access to primary education has been increasing from year to year. The number of governmental and non-governmental primary schools has increased from 1049-1775 within the five years included between 2003/04-2007/08. Consequently, GER for grade one through grade eight has reached 106.26% for boys, 105.53% for girls and 105.9% on the average for both sexes. Similarly, NER has grown to 93.03% for boys, 95.14 for girls and 94.07 % on the average for both sexes. Home to school distance has also been reduced to a range of 3.1 km in grade one to 5.06 km in grade eight. (TREB: 2008). The progress achieved in improving access to primary education is attributable primarily to the commitment of the federal and regional governments, and the other stakeholders involved in education sector development initiative to achieve Universal Primary Education (UPE); Goal 2 of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG). Nonetheless, according to the official statistics of Tigrai Regional Bureau of Education (2008), the governmental primary schools operating in Tigrai are suffering from problem of lack of internal school facilities /furniture, toilet facilities and potable water supply/. In 2008, there were more than 700 temporary shelter Das schools in Tigrai and TDA conducted a very successful Telethon with the theme From Das to class to alleviate the problem. In this telethon, TDA was successful in changing about 350 of these schools to normal buildings with the assistance of its members and the community. Out of the total number of governmental schools, 48% are without proper furniture, 88% of them lack dry latrine facilities and 78% of them lack potable water facility. The effect of these problems is creating school environment which is not comfortable to school age children. The absence of potable water facilities is exposing school children to waterborne diseases. Generally, waterborne diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and a wide array of fatal diarrheal ill-nesses are responsible for the deaths of young children in areas where there is low access to potable water and toilet facility. Most of these diseases and resulting deaths would be quickly eliminated with safe water supplies and dry latrine facilities The absence of school furniture, dry latrine facilities and potable water facilities reduces the participation of school age children of both sexes, forces students to dropout from their education and makes it difficult for children to effectively grasp

their lessons and thus increases student repetition and dropout rates. It is also important to note that these problems affect the girls more than the boys. 4. Project Objectives A. General (overall) Objective: The overall objective of the project is to contribute towards alleviating the problems of primary schools and improve the access, equity and quality of education in Tigrai. B. Specific Objectives: The specific objective of the project is to create attractive learning environment that stimulates increased participation of students at school level; reduce repetition and dropout rate by 2 and 3 percent at school level respectively every year. 5. Project Strategies The project will follow the following strategies. Use formal biding system to select the least cost bidder for procurement of the school furniture, construction of dry latrine facilities and establishment of potable water facilities based on TDAs working manuals Use TDAs engineers to secure quality and timely implementation Work in collaboration with the regional and respective educational offices at wereda level to monitor the progress of project implementation (to see that they fulfill the standards and specifications of the Regional Education Bureau. Involve the community at all levels to secure sustainability of the services

6. Beneficiaries of the Project As per the standards of the Tigrai Regional Educational Bureau a First Cycle Primary School (1-4) is supposed to provide learning opportunities to 400 school going children. These are direct beneficiaries from the project in terms of using the learning opportunities created. Nonetheless, an average of 2,500 rural households dwelling in the villages around the beneficiary primary school will also be indirect beneficiaries, who are expected, be impacted in terms of having their livelihoods improved. 7. Project Description and Major Activities The activities of this project are procurement and supply of school furniture to beneficiary schools, construct dry latrine facilities and establish shallow water well facilities in the schools. The procurement of the school furniture and the construction of the dry pit latrine facilities shall be accomplished as per the

standards and specification of the Ministry of Education. The water wells will be dug and the distribution points will be established following the formal bidding procedures of TDA and in consultation with the respective school communities. To accomplish this task, TDA will pursue formal bidding separately for the three activities. Continuous supervision and follow up is also another very important activity. TDA in strong collaboration with the respective Wereda Education Offices and School Administrations will be responsible for the monitoring of the implementation of the project activities. In accordance with the reporting terms of the project agreement to be signed between TDA and the donor, TDA will send regular status report and final/completion report to the donor. 8. Project Outputs Schools furnished with the necessary student desks and other school furniture Dry latrine facilities with four pits constructed Dry latrine facilities segregated for girls constructed Functional potable water distribution points established 9. Expected project outcomes Conducive environment for teaching learning process created Access, equity and quality of education improved

10. Project cost The cost summary for one school is as follows SN 1 2 3 4 5 Type of facility School furniture Dry pit latrine Segregated toilet for girls Shallow well potable water facility Total for one school Cost for one school in Birr 83,300 80,976 80,796 90,000 334,892 Cost for one school in USD 6,664 6,478 6,478 7,200 26,820

10.1 School furniture The following table provides total cost of furniture for one school. No Description of the School Furniture 1 84 combined desks 2 1 office shelf 3 2 sponge chairs 4 2 office desks 5 4 teachers table 6 4 teachers chairs 7 1 record cupboard 8 4 blackboard 9 1 notice board Total 10.2 Cost for potable water for one school The average cost for the construction of one shallow well facility is Birr 90,000 (USD 7,377) 10.3 Cost for dry pit latrine The following is the cost for one dry pit latrine facility Major Activities Involved Excavation and Earth Work Concrete Work(Substructure) Masonry Work Concrete Work (Superstructure) Block and masonry Work Roofing Carpentry Metal Work Finishing Works Painting Electrical Installation Total Total Cost 6005.60 9416.00 13900.00 12950.00 5720.00 5710.00 2814.00 3600 17361.00 2200.00 1300.00 Birr 80,976.06 Total cost 63,840 1,000 1,360 3,400 4,400 2,000 3,500 3,200 600 Birr 83,300