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400kv Substation Training Report
400kv Substation Training Report
INTRODUCTION OF SUBSTATION
It is situated at 26342N & 803257E coordinates in Dahi Chowki 6.64 km far from Unnao railway station.
Constructed during 1994-98 by CGL. The whole substation is divided in three parts: 132kv switchyard 400/220kv switchyard 765kv switchyard (Under construction)
ConservaterTank
Transformer
Radiator plates
Oil pump is used for circulating oil forcelly. Radiator plates are used for increasing surface area for natural air cooling.
Oil pump
Earthing plate
COOLING FANS
we use Cooling fans for forced air cooling of transformer . Total six fans are used for each 100MVA and eight fans are used for each 315 MVA transformer. But all fans never start at same time . It start in pairs .
Tertiary terminal
Tertiary terminal mostly opened. The output voltage of tertiary terminal is 11KV in 100MVA transformer and 33KV in 315 MVA transformer
OLTC chamber Pressure relief valve box
In these photos we can see fogging near transformer due to operation fire protection system.
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BUCHHOLZ RELAY
Buchholz relay is a safety device mounted on some oil-filled power transformers and reactors. It is used as a protective device sensitive to the effects of dielectric failure inside the equipment.
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OTI oil temp. indicator measure temp. of oil filled in transformer. In OTI has two mercury bulb. WTI- winding temp. indicator measure winding temp of transformer. It has four mercury bulb.
mercury bulb
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CURRENT TRANSFORMER
In electrical engineering, a current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of electric currents. Current transformers, together with voltage transformers (VT) (potential transformers (PT)), are known as instrument transformers. When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording instruments.
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PROTECTION DIAGRAM
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CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. In this image we can see a SF6 circuit breaker with double break system.
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ISOLATORS
An isolators switch are used to completely deenergized an electrical circuit. High-voltage isolation switches are used in electrical substations to allow isolation of apparatus such as circuit breakers and transformers, and transmission lines, for maintenance.
Isolating rod
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PANTOGRAPH ISOLATORS
In open state In close state
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Wave trap
Wave trap are used in power system for carrier communication. It trap the higher frequency above 50Hz. It is the effort to utilize the same transmission line between two substation for the purpose of communications
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LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
The overvoltage protection is obtained by the use of lightning / surge arresters. Lightning Arresters or Surge Arresters are always connected in Shunt to the equipment to be protected, they provide a low impedance path for the surge current to the ground. Mostly in present days zinc oxide (ZnO) gapless arresters are in use.
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INTERPOSING C.T.
The interposing CTs are used for Power transformer Differential Protection circuit. In a delta/Star Power transformer, the cts will be connected star and delta formation, for eliminating Zero sequence current on star side. There will be mismatch of secondary current , to maintain equilibrium, interposing Cts will be connected to Delta formed CTs.
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RELAYS
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Relay conti.
A outer view of Relay Relay testing box
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SHUNT REACTOR
Shunt Reactor is a thyristor controlled high impedance
transformer. A stable bus voltage can be maintained by providing variable reactive power based on the bus voltage deviations due to the load variations.
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