Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

1.

Cu trc tng quan mng GSM :

AUC

VLR ISDN

HLR

EIR

MSC PSPDN OMC CSPDN PSTN PLMN BSC BTS

MS

Hnh 1: Cu trc mng GSM Truyn lu lng Truyn bo hiu Ghi ch : SS : H thng chuyn mch 1

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

AUC : Trung tm nhn thc VLR : B ng k nh v tm tr HLR : B ng k nh v thng tr EIR : B ghi nhn dng thit b MSC : Trung tm chuyn mch di ng BSS : H thng trm gc BSC : i iu khin trm gc BTS : Trm pht gc MS : My di ng OMC : Trung tm vn hnh v bo dng ISDN : Mng s tch hp a dch v PSTN : Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng CSPDN : Mng s liu cng cng chuyn mch knh PLMN : Mng di ng cng cng mt t MS : My di ng 2. Khi nim chung v bo hiu : Trong thng tin thoi bo hiu c ngha l chuyn v hng dn thng tin t mt im ti 1 im khc thch hp thit lp , gim st v gii phng cuc gi . Thng thng tn hiu bo hiu chia lm 2 loi : tn hiu bo hiu mch vng thu bao v tn hiu bo hiu gia cc tng i . Tn hiu bo hiu gia cc tng i c chia thnh tn hiu bo hiu knh lin kt (CAS) v d nh tn hiu bo hiu trong bng hoc knh lien kt gn vi knh thoi . Th 2 l bo hiu knh chung (CCS) c ngha l tt c cc tn hiu bo hiu 1 knh tch bit vi tn hiu thoi v knh bo hiu ny c dung cho 1 s lng ln cc knh thoi

Tn hiu bo hiu

Thu bao du ni ti tng i

Tng i ni ti tng i

CAS

CCS

Hnh 1 : phn loi cc tn hiu bo hiu a. Bo hiu gia cc tng i : 2

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

Thng tin bo hiu gia cc tng i bao gm tn hiu ng dy v tn hiu ca b ng k . Cc tn hiu ca b ng k c s dng trong qu trnh thit lp cuc gi chuyn giao a ch v loi thng tin . Cc tn hiu ng dy c s dng trong sut qu trnh din ra cuc gi gim st trng thi ca ng dy cc tn hiu nh vy c mang hay lin kt trc tip vi knh thoi cho nn kiu bo hiu truyn thng ny gi l bo hiu knh lin kt
Tng i Tng i

Chim

Con s ca B B tr li m thoi Xa ngc Xa thun

b. -

Hnh 2 : Cc tn hiu bo hiu gia cc tng i Cc loi bo hiu : Bo hiu knh lin kt CAS Bo hiu knh chung CCS : y ta tp trung ni v h thng bo hiu s 7 u im ca h thng bo hiu s 7 : X l nhanh : Trong hu ht cc trng hp , thi gian thit lp cuc gi gim xung cn di 1s Dung lng cao : m knh bo hiu c th x l tn hiu bo hiu cho vi nghn cuc gi mt lc Tnh kinh t : Cn s lng thit b t hn so vi cc h thng bo hiu truyn thng tin cy cao : Nh s dng cc tuyn bo hiu an xen nn mng bo hiu s 7 c tin cy cao Linh hot : H thng cha nhiu loi tn hiu , c th s dng cho nhiu mc ch ch khng ch ring cho thoi

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

Do c nhiu u im nh trn nn h thng bo hiu s 7 c ng dng rt nhiu trong cc dch v vin thng mi nh : PSTN , ISDN , IN , PLMN . Sau y ta i tm hiu hot ng ca bo hiu s 7 trong mng GSM. 3. Bo hiu s 7 trong GSM VLR
MAP ISDN MAP GMSC

AUC
MAP

EIR
MAP

VLR
MAP

HLR
MAP

H thng chuyn mch (SS)

MSC BSSA

MSC

MAP (chuyn ) ISUP TUP

BSC
LAPD PSTN

H thng trm gc (BSS)

BTS
LAPDm

MS

Hnh 3 : Bo hiu s 7 trong mng GSM Bo hiu trong mng di ng phc tp hn rt nhiu so vi bo hiu trong mng in thoi thng thng v cc MS thng xuyn di ng nn thng xuyn phi cp nht v tr a l tng i ca n them 1 yu cu na l phi c tn hiu bo hiu lc MS di chuyn sang bn cnh , t cc iu ny yu cu phi c 1 h thng bo hiu nhanh v chnh xc a. Cc bn tin bo hiu trong vic thit lp mt cuc gi Cuc gi ca thu bao di ng n thu bao c nh : 4

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v. vi.

vii.

viii.

ix.

Gi thit MS ang hot ng thit b d tn s GSM tm knh iu khin. Sau , thit b o cng ca tn hiu t cc knh v ghi li. Cui cng th chuyn sang kt ni vi knh c tn hiu mnh nht.Thu bao s dng MS gi l A mun thc hin 1 cuc gi ti 1 thu bao c nh B . Thu bao A s quay tt c nhng ch s ca thu bao B v n phm gi i n s khi u mt tin bo yu cu knh t MS ti BSS . iu ny c thc hin bng vic BSS ch nh mt knh iu khin ring (DCCH) v mt knh bo hiu gia MS v BSS c thit lp . Tin bo yu cu dch v c gi t BSS ti MSC sau tip tc c chuyn ti VLR . VLR s tin hnh nhn thc nu trc y MS ng k VLR ny nu khng phi nh vy th VLR s ly cc thng s nhn thc t HLR Nhn thc thu bao (ty chn )din ra bng cch s dng tin bo nhn thc v cc thut ton bo mt v nu nhn thc thnh cng th vic thit lp cuc gi tip tc . Nu mt m c s dng th n c dng t thi im nhn thc thnh cng Tin bo thit lpc gi ti MSC cng vi thng tin v cuc gi (loi cuc gi , s b gi ) tin bo ny hng t MSC ti VLR MSC c th khi u vic kim tra IMEI ca MS Trong vic tr li tin bo thit lp (c gi bc iv ), VLR gi tin bo hon thnh thit lp cuc gi ti MSC v MSC s thng tin cho MS bit phng thc tin hnh cuc gi Sau MSC s ch nh mt knh lu lng ti BSS (lnh ch nh),BSS ny li n nh mt knh lu lng trn giao din v tuyn , MS tr li ti BSS (BSS ny li tr li MSC) vi tin bo hon thnh a ch. Mt tin bo a ch u v a ch cui -IFAM(Initial Final Address Message) c gi ti mng PSTN , mng PSTN x l gy rung chung bn thu bao c nh v cp tn hiu hi m chung v thu bao di ng Khi thu bao B tr li ANS tin bo u ni c hng ti MS t MSC , MSC cp tn hiu iu khin ngt hi m chung MS , Sau MS ni mt knh lu lng GSM ti mch PSTN , nh vy vic u ni t thu bao di ng ti thu bao c nh hon thnh v qu trnh m thoi bt du din ra

Cc bc tin hnh cuc gi t thu bao di ng sang thu bao c nh 5

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

MS Yu cu knh n nh DCCH Knh bo c thit lp Yu cu dch v

BSS

MSC

VLR

HLR

PSTN

EIR

<RACH> <AGCH>

<SDCCH> CR Cc chi tit Cc chi tit thu bao nu cn thu bao thit

Nhn thc t ch mt m Thit lp Yu cu ID thit b Cuc gi hon thnh Phng thc tin hnh cuc gi Lnh ch nh Hon thnh ch nh a ch u v a ch cui (IFAM) Hon thnh a ch (ACM) Bo chung Tr li (ANS) u ni Khng nh u ni
<FACCH> <FACCH> <SDCCH> <SDCCH> (knh) CC <SDCCH> (Thng tin cuc gi)

Mch

<FACCH> (TCH)

Bt u tnh cc
<FACCH> <TCH>

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

Thu bao c nh gi thu bao di ng : im khc bit quan trng so vi gi t thit b di ng l v tr ca thit b khng c bit chnh xc. Chnh v th trc khi kt ni, mng phi thc hin cng vic xc nh v tr ca thit b di ng i. T in thai c nh, s in thoi di ng c gi n mng PSTN. Mng s phn tch, v nu pht hin ra t kha gi ra mng di ng, mng PSTN s kt ni vi trung tm GMSC ca nh khai thc thch hp ii. GMSC phn tch s in thoi di ng tm ra v tr ng k gc trong HLR ca thit b v cch thc ni n MSC/VLR phc v. iii. HLR phn tch s in thoi di ng tm ra MSC/VLR ang phc v cho thit b. Nu c ng k dch v chuyn tip cuc gi n, cuc gi s c tr v GMSC vi s in thoi c yu cu chuyn n. HLR lin lc vi MSC/VLR ang phc v. MSC/VLR gi thng ip tr li qua HLR n GMSC. GMSC phn tch thng ip ri thit lp cuc gi n MSC/VLR MSC/VLR bit a ch LA ca thit b nn gi thng ip n BSC qun l LA ny. BSC pht thng ip ra ton b cc thuc LA. Khi nhn c thng ip, thit b s gi yu cu ngc li. BSC cung cp mt khung thng ip cha thng tin . Phn tch thng ip ca BSC gi n tin hnh th tc bt trng thi ca thit b ln tch cc, xc nhn, m ha, nhn din thit b. MSC/VLR iu khin BSC xc lp mt knh ri, chung. Nu thit b di ng chp nhn tr li, kt ni c thit lp. Trong trng hp thc hin cuc gi t thit b di ng n thit b di ng, qa trnh cng din ra tng t nhng im giao tip vi mng PSTN ca in thoi c nh s c thay th bng MSC/VLR khc S qu trnh thit lp cuc gi t thu bao c nh sang di ng nh sau

iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi.

xii.

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

MS
a ch u v a ch cui (IFAM) Gi thng tin nh tuyn Tha nhn thng tin nh tuyn a ch u v a ch cui (IFAM) Gi thng tin cho thit lp cuc gi Nhn tin Yu cu nhn tin Yu cu knh n nh DCCH Knh bo hiu c thit lp
<PCH> (TMSI)

BSS

MSC

VLR

HLR

GMSC

PSTN

MSISDN (TMSI) (MSRN) MSISDN (MSRN)

(MSRN) (MSRN) (LAI&TMSI)

(TMSI)

<RACH> <AGCH> <SDCCH> <SDCCH> (TMSI) (TMSI) & tnh trng (Tnh trng) (TMSI)

Hon thnh thit lp cuc gi Thit lp Khng nh cuc gi Hon thnh a ch (ACM) Lnh ch nh Hon thnh ch nh Bo chung u ni Khng nh u ni Tr li (ANS)
(Knh) <FACCH> <FACCH> <TCH> <FACCH> <FACCH> (Mch) <SDCCH> <SDCCH>

Bt u tnh cc

<TCH>

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

Gi v nhn tin nhn : - Gi tin nhn : i. Thit b di ng kt ni vo mng. Nu kt ni ang c sn, qu trnh ny c b qua ii. Sau khi hon tt thnh cng qa trnh xc thc, ni dung thng ip s c chuyn n Trung Tm Dch V Tin Nhn (SMS-C Short Message Service Center) - Nhn tin nhn : i. Ngi dng gi tin nhn n SMS-C ii. SMS-C gi tin nhn n SMS-GMSC. iii. SMS-GMSC truy vn HLR v thng tin nh tuyn. iv. HLR p ng truy vn. v. SMS-GMSC chuyn thng ip li cho MSC/VLR ch nh. vi. Tin hnh nhn tin tm kim v kt ni thit b vo mng. vii. Nu xc thc thnh cng, MSC/VLR s pht tin nhn n thit b. viii. Nu truyn nhn tin nhn thnh cng, MSC/VLR s gi bo co v SMS-C; ngc li, MSC/VLR s thng bo cho HLR v gi bo co li v SMS-C. 4. S dng SCCP : Trong mng GSM , SCCP c s dng trong cc trng hp sau : giao din gia MSC v BSC (gi l giao din A) , SCCP c s dng bi 2 phn ng dng : phn ng dng BSS (BSSAP) iu khin cuc gi , cc dch v lin quan v phn ng dng vn hnh v bo dng BSS (BSSOMAP) cho cc mc ch khai thc v bo dng . S dng giao thc lp 0 v lp 2 Cc giao din gia cc khi trong SS (VLR , HLR , AUC v EIR) s dng SCCP cng vi phn ng dng kh nng trao i (TCAP) v phn ng dng di ng (MAP) giao din A c th c cc qu trnh lin quan hoc khng lin quan n knh ca ngi s dng. Chng hn khi thit lp cuc gi mt s bn tin c trao i trc khi knh ca ngi s dng c n nh cho cuc gi. trnh s khc bit khng cn thit cho cc trng hp khc nhau, trn ton b mng SCCP c s dng giao din A (ngha l CIC khng c s dng nhn nh tuyn). Nu cn CIC trong bn tin th n c vit vo BSSAP hoc BSSOMAP. Cc lnh vc sau y GSM c th khng s dng SCCP : - Giao din v tuyn gia trm di ng v trm gc, giao din Abis gia trm BTS v BSC.

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

- Qu trnh thit lp v xo cuc gi gia cc MSC, phn ngi s dng lin quan n knh s dng, phng php bo hiu lin kt knh (MFC R2), cc tin trnh lin quan n mng c nh. SCCP nh a ch : Nhiu a ch SCCP c cn thit truy nhp cc thnh phn ca h thng di ng v nh tuyn cc bn tin hoc h tr s trao i vi cc tng i ca mng c nh. Cc phn sau c coi l cc im u cui : - Trung tm chuyn mch cc nghip v di ng (MSC). - B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR) - B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR) 4.1. Trung tm chuyn mch cc nghip v di ng (MSC) a ch ca SCCP c yu cu trong nhng trng hp sau : 1. Bi VLR khi v tr ca mt my di ng cn phi c xc nh 2. Bi VLR khi tr li mt s trao i hoc khi to bi MSC 3. Bi HLR cng nhn mt yu cu hoc thng tin t MSC 4. Bi MSC khc trong trng hp chuyn giao Trong trng hp 1 , VLR bit m im bo hiu (SPC) ca MSC v c th s dng n nh mt a ch cho tin bo Trong trng hp 2 v 3 s trao i c khi to bi chnh MSC, v vy bn tin nhn c cha thng tin cn thit trong trng a ch cuc gi. Nu c hai thnh phn cng trong mt quc gia, c ni ti cng mt mng bo hiu th a ch c gi n c th l SPC ca MSC. Nu thnh phn xa khng cng trong mt mng bo hiu th mt tn ton cu phi c gi ; y l thng tin c th l s roaming ca trm di ng thch hp hoc mt s c gi trong dy c phn cho MSC v s dng nh mt a ch dch v nhn dng tng i. Trong trng hp 4 , MSC c gi l tng i ln cn MSC ngun v vy bit nhn dng v a ch ca MSC ch. 4.2.1 B ghi nh v thng tr HLR : HLR c gi trong cc trng hp sau : 1. Bi tng i c nh gi MSC cng khi mt cuc gi ti thu bao di ng phi c thit lp. S hi ny c s dng bit c s roaming ca my di ng. 10

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

2. Bi VLR khi phi thc hin mt th tc cp nht v tr. 3. Bi VLR khi n phi yu cu hoc gi mt vi s liu lin quan ti mt thu bao nm trong vng ca n 4. Bi mt MSC khi phi thng tin trc tip ti HLR. Trong trng hp 1 , thng tin a ch l s ISDN ca thu bao di ng c gi. Nu c hai u cui cn trao i nm trong cng mt quc gia, SCCP c th dch a ch ny thnh m im bo hiu (SPC) ca HLR. Nu chng hai quc gia khc nhau, s ISDN c th c s dng nh mt tn ton cu truy nhp ti HLR. Trong trng hp 2 c th c hai trng hp : VLR v HLR cng trong mt quc gia hoc cng mt mng PLMN. Do VLR c th c mt bng giao dch trong SPC ca HLR c th c bit t nhng s u tin ca IMSI. VLR v HLR khng cng trong mt quc gia. nh tuyn bn tin cp nht v tr, s liu duy nht c bit bi VLR l IMSI ca thu bao di ng. S IMSI khng tun theo lut k hoch nh s ISDN Mt cch gii quyt l s dng trc tip s IMSI nh l tn ton cu nh a ch HLR. Trong trng hp th nht, VLR c s trao i u tin khng phi vi HLR, th tc cp nht v tr c thc hin. V vy VLR cha a ch ca HLR : a) Nu c hai cng mt quc gia th a ch c cha l SPC ca HLR b) Nu c hai khng cng nm trong cng mt quc gia th a ch c cha l mt tn ton cu cho SCCP. a ch ny c th l s ISDN quc t ca thu bao di ng hoc mt s c cp ch r HLR. Trong trng hp ny khng kh khn to tuyn bn tin. Trong trng hp th hai : trm di ng ng k trong VLR. Khi GMSC mun khi to mt s trao i vi HLR, n yu cu t VLR ca n a ch ca SCCP c gi. 4.3 B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR) : S trao i vi VLR xut hin trong nhng trng hp sau :

11

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

1. Khi mt trong cc MSC ni vi VLR bt u mt cuc hi thoi vi n. 2. Khi mt HLR mun gi mt yu cu hoc mt vi thng tin ti VLR 3. Mt VLR khc phi yu cu mt s IMSI t VLR . Trong trng hp 1 , do mi quan h c bit gia VLR v MSC ca n, MSC bit m im bo hiu (SPC) cn thit nh a ch cho cc bn tin Khi cp nht v tr, VLR gi n HLR a ch m c th c s dng trong s trao i. HLR cha n v sau khng c vn g bt u mt s trao i. V vy trng hp 2 c gii quyt. a ch ny l : Nu c hai cng nm trong mt quc gia (hoc cng trong mt mng bo hiu), a ch c cha c th l SPC ca VLR Nu HLR c t nc ngoi, a ch c gi l mt s ISDN c cp ch r VLR c th c s dng nh mt tn ton cu cho SCCP nh tuyn. Trong trng hp ny, hai VLR trong mng PLMN tng t nhau s hon ton ging nhau do SPC ca VLR ch s c bit 5. Phn ng dng di ng (MAP - Mobile Application): Phn ng dng di ng (MAP) cung cp cc th tc bo hiu cn thit c yu cu trao i thng tin gia cc phn t ca mng GSM. m hnh OSI, MAP trn TCAP. C MAP v TCAP u thuc v lp 7. TCAP c th c h tr bi cc lp trnh by, lp phin v lp vn chuyn, cc dch v v cc giao thc, c gi l phn dch v trung gian (ISP). i vi cc dch v khng u ni c MAP s dng th ISP c coi l trong sut c ngha l khng c s dng. V vy TCAP phi ghp phn iu khin u ni bo hiu SCCP cng vi phn chuyn giao bn tin MTP phc v nh nh cung cp dch v ca mng . MAP c chia thnh 5 thc th ng dng (AE : Application Entity) l : MAP - MSC , MAP - HLR , MAP - VLR , MAP - EIR , MAP - AUC . Tt c cc thc th ny mi ci c phn nh mt s phn h (SSN). Cc SSN c SCCP s dng nh a ch mt thc th no ca mng GSM.

12

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

Mi AE bao gm mt s cc phn t dch v ng dng (ASE Application Service Element). Cc ASE c nhm li nh l cc ASE chung v cc ASE c bit . TCAP l mt ASE chung v lun lun cha cc MAP - ASE . Cc ASE h tr vic ha mng cc AE v bao gm mt hoc vi s hot ng vi cc li v cc tham s lin quan ca chng. Nhng s hot ng c s dng kt hp thc hin mt nhim v no .

(Thc th ng dng) MAP -MSC Phn ng dng di ng - MSC ASE 1 ASE 2 TCAP (ASE) Phn lp phn t Phn lp giao dch MAPMAPSSN SCCP MTP Hnh 4 : Cc thc th ng dng (AE) v cc phn t dch v ng dng (ASE) trong MAP Cc th tc c thc hin trong MAP l : 1. Cp nht v tr 2. Hu b v tr 3. Qun l cc thng tin ca thu bao. 4. iu khin, qun l, thu nhn cc dch v thu bao. 13 SSN MAP-EIR SSN SSN SSN MAPASE n

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

5. Chuyn cc s liu bo mt, nhn thc 6. iu khin cc dch v ph. 7. Thc hin chuyn . 6. Bo hiu gia MSC v BSS (BSSAP) Giao tip gia MSC v BSS l giao tip A. MSC v h thng trm c s (BSS) c ni vi nhau nh mt knh PCM. Ngoi mt s cc knh thoi hoc s liu cn c cc khe thi gian d tr cho bo hiu. S liu bo hiu khi u ni thit lp cuc gi, chuyn , gii phng cuc gi ... thng s dng knh ny v n c th phc v cho mt hoc nhiu trm thu pht c s (BTS). Cc giao thc c s dng cho bo hiu gia MSC v BSS l BSSAP (BSS Application - Phn ng dng ca BSS), SCCP v MTP .

MSC

Giao tip A

BSS

Hnh 5: Bo hiu gia MSC v BSS Phn iu khin u ni bo hiu (SCCP) cung cp kh nng mang thng tin gia MSC v BSS. SCCP cung cp 2 nguyn tc bo hiu khc nhau l : Bo hiu khng u ni (CL) v Bo hiu u ni nh hng (CO). Khi mt s cc tin bo lin quan c pht i, s u ni bo hiu logic c th c thit lp v cc tin

14

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

bo u ni nh hng c th c pht u ni bo hiu. BSSAP pht cc tin bo lin quan vi mt MS c th phng thc u ni nh hng SCCP. BSSAP x l 2 nhm tn hiu : Tin bo chuyn giao trc tip gia MSC v MS, chuyn giao qua BSS. S chuyn giao ny l iu khin cuc gi (nh lnh rung chung ti mt MS c th) v cc tin bo qun l di ng. Cc tin bo qun l BSS gia MSC v BSS qun l ngun, iu khin chuyn , lnh nhn tin ... BSSAP c 2 chc nng ca ngi s dng khc nhau cho cc nhm trn. l : Phn ng dng chuyn giao trc tip (DTAP) v Phn ng dng qun l BSS (BSSMAP). S phn b tin bo BSSAP gia BSSMAP v DTAP c thc hin lp giao thc trung gian gia SCCP v BSS - MAP/DTAP, c gi l phn lp phn b. Giao thc i vi phn lp ny bao gm s qun l mt hoc hai octet khi s liu phn b. Mi tin bo BSSAP cha trong trng s liu ca ngi s dng SCCP phi c mt khi s liu phn b nh l tip u theo tin bo ca DTAP hoc BSSAP c th. BSSAP Khi s liu phn b di BSSMAP DTAP Phn bit DLCI di di Loi tin bo Tin bo Phn t thng tin Phn t thng tin ` Hnh 6: Khun dng ca tin bo BSSAP TI Loi tin bo
Phn t thng tin Phn t thng tin

Phn bit

PD

15

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

Ghi ch : DLCI : (Data Link Connection Identifier) : Nhn dng u ni knh s liu. TI (Transfer Identifier) : Khi nhn dng giao dch. PD : Khi phn bit giao thc. Tin bo DTAP cng c mt octet trng khi s liu phn b, gi l nhn dng u ni knh s liu (DLCI). N thng c s dng nhn dng knh v tuyn v cng xc nh gi tr khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v (SAPI - Service Access Point Identifier) s dng knh v tuyn (v d SAPI = 0 ngha l bo hiu). TI l khi nhn dng giao dch v PD l khi phn bit giao thc. C 3 loi tin bo xc nh BSSAP l : tin bo BSSMAP, tin bo DTAP v tin bo khi u MS. Mng
DTAP

MSC

Tin bo khi u MS
BSSMAP

MS

Hnh 7: S khc bit logic gia cc tin bo BSSMAP, DTAP v khi u MS Cc tin bo BSSMAP : Cc tin bo BSSMAP c s dng qun l ngun, iu khin chuyn .. . Tin bo BSSMAP c chia thnh tin bo khng u ni v tin bo u ni nh hng.(xem hnh 7) Cc tin bo DTAP v khi u MS : Cc tin bo DTAP v khi u MS c chuyn giao gia MSC v MS, v c kt hp vi iu khin cuc gi, qun l s chuyn 16

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

dch.. . Nhng tin bo ny cha 2 trng : Phn bit giao thc (PD) v Nhn dng giao dch (TI) bn cnh Loi tin bo v Cc phn t thng tin. Mc ch ca phn b giao thc l phn bit gia cc tin bo thuc v cc th tc sau : - iu khin cuc gi - Qun l s di ng - Qun l ngun v tuyn - iu khin dch v b sung - Cc th tc bo hiu khc Mc ch ca nhn dng giao dch l phn bit gia nhiu loi hot ng song song (cc giao dch) trong mt trm di ng. TI tng ng vi chun cuc gi xc nh giao thc lp 3 cho ISDN (khuyn ngh Q.931 ca CCITT).
Cc tin bo BSSMAP

Hnh 8: Cc tin bo ca BSSMAP

Khng u ni

Chn Tha nhn chn Nhn tin (Paging) Thit lp li Tha nhn thit lp li Mch thit lp li Tha nhn mch thit lp li Gii to Tha nhn gii to
u ni nh hng

Yu cu phn nh Phn nh xung S c phn nh Ra lnh phng thc mt m Hon thnh phng thc mt m Cp nht loi Lnh xo Xo xong Yu cu xo Thng tin y ca lp 3 Lnh chuyn S c chuyn Chuyn c thc hin

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Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

C 3 loi tin bo DTAP chnh : - Tin bo qun l s di ng. Xem hnh 9 - Tin bo iu khin cuc gi u ni ch mch in. Xem hnh 10 - Tin bo cho cuc gi lin quan ti iu khin dch v b sung i vi loi tin bo ny c mt loi tin bo c xc nh gi l trang b (Facility). N cha mt phn t thng tin tn l "facility", phn t ny dch v yu cu h tr c xc nh. Tin bo qun l s di ng
TIN BO NG K Chp

Tin bo iu khin cuc gi u ni ch mch din

TIN BO THIT LP CUC GI

nhn cp nht v tr Bi b cp nht v tr

TIN BO BO V

Bi b nhn thc Yu cu nhn thc p li nhn thc Yu cu nhn dng

P LI NHN DNG TIN BO QUN L U NI Chp

Bo hiu chung Khng nh cuc gi Qu trnh cuc gi u ni Chp nhn u ni Thit lp khn cp Tin hnh Thit lp
TIN BO GIAI ON THNG TIN CA CUC GI

nhn dch v CM Bi b dch v

Sa i Bi b sa i
TIN BO XO CUC GI

Hnh 9: Cc tin bo qun l s di ng

Ct cuc gi Gii phng Gii phng xong TIN

BO TP V

Khi ng DTMF Bi b khi ng DTMF Trng thi iu tra trng thi Hnh 10: Tin bo iu khin cuc gi u ni ch mch in

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Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

7.

Bo hiu gia BSC v BTS (LAPD)

Giao tip gia b iu khin trm c s v trm thu pht c s (BTS) c gi l giao tip A- bis. Nh vy giao tip ny trong h thng trm c s (BSS). Xem hnh v 11 C 2 loi knh thng tin gia BSC v BTS - Knh lu lng - mang thoi hoc s liu cho cc knh v tuyn - Knh bo hiu - mang thng tin bo hiu cho chnh BTS hoc cho cc MS H thng trm c s Giao tip Giao tip A-

BSC

BTS

Hnh 11: Giao tip A- bis Giao thc s dng vn chuyn nhng tin bo bo hiu gia BSC v BTS l LAPD (lp 2), n c cu trc ging nh giao thc lp 2 ISDN (bo hiu ca knh D). LAPD cung cp 2 loi tn hiu : - Chuyn giao thng tin khng c tha nhn, khng m bo phn pht khung thng tin n a ch t kt qu. - Chuyn giao thng tin c tha nhn, v h thng m bo khung thng tin ti c ch. Cu trc khung trong LAPD c ch ra hnh 12

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Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

F 8

FCS 16

Thng tin

di

Lnh

a ch

N(R)

P(F) N(S)

TEI

SAPI

CK

Hnh 12: Cu trc khung ca LAPD Mi khung giao thc LAPD c gii hn bi c (Flag) dng chui 8 bit 01111110. Pha thu s dng c ny ng b im khi u ca khung. trnh vic gi nhm bn trong khung ngi ta s dng k thut chn bit : pha pht chn mt s 0 sau nm bit 1 lin tip cn pha thu s loi b bit 0 ny. Trng a ch cha khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v (SAPI) v khi nhn dng kt cui ca im cui (TEI) c s dng truy nhp vo thc th ng v chc nng ng u thu. Trng iu khin c s dng iu khin tun t v yu cu pht li. Trng iu khin phn bit gia ch c cng nhn v khng cng nhn. Trong ch cng nhn trng iu khin cha N(S) v N(R) pht i s th t pht v s th t thu. N(S) ch ra s th t ca khung c pht, cn N(R) ch ra s th t m pha pht khung ny ang ch thu. Cc s th t c s dng thc hin giao thc iu khin lung c tn l Ca s trt. Giao thc ny cho php pha pht mt s khung nht nh (c gi l Kch thc ca s) m khng cn i s cng nhn cho mi khung. Vic u ni gia BSC v BTS l nh mt knh PCM, mt trong cc knh c dnh cho bo hiu, s dng giao LAPD. C vi chc nng BTS, th d c mt s b thu pht (TRX) cng c s dng bo hiu n cc my di ng. Cng c mt s chc nng iu khin c s (BCF) 20

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

trong BTS nh bc nhy tn s, cc chc nng chung cho v tr nh l cc cnh bo bn ngoi, ngun cung cp ... Qun l ng truyn (LAPD): l chc nng c bn m bo cc ng truyn s liu cc kt ni vt l 64 kbit/s gia BSC v BTS. Cc ng truyn ny c cung cp cho cc mc ch sau : ng truyn bo hiu v tuyn (RSL). ng truyn khai thc v bo dng (OML). ng truyn qun l lp 2 (L2ML). Mi ng vt l (khe thi gian 64 kbit/s trong lung 2M) cha mt tp hp cc ng truyn s liu, mi ng truyn s liu ny c nh s nhn dng bng mt cp TEI/SAPI duy nht. TEI : Terminal End Point Identifier (nhn dng im cui ca u cui). TEI trng a ch c s dng truy nhp vo cc thc th khc nhau nh l mt TRX ring cho bo hiu v tuyn. Cc thit b u cui (c nhn dng bng cc gi tr TEI) trong GSM ca loi phn nh TEI khng t ng. SAPI : Service Access Point Identifier (nhn dng im thm nhp dch v). SAPI trng a ch c s dng truy nhp cc chc nng khc nhau nh TRX, BCF v cc th tc qun l lp 2. Cc gi tr ca SAPI sau y c s dng trong bo hiu gia BSC v BTS :

SAPI 0 62 63 Thit lp ng truyn :

Cc chc nng Cc th tc bo hiu v tuyn Cc th tc khai thc v bo dng Cc th tc qun l lp 2

Trc ht cc ng truyn s liu LAPD c thit lp cc u ni vt l gia BSC v BTS khi lp t hay m rng thit b. Mt u ni vt l c s dng cho bo hiu ti mt hay nhiu thit b u cui (TRXC chng hn) ca BTS. Cc thit b u cui u ni n ng vt l ny c nhn dng bi TEI (u ni phn cng pha sau my khi lp t thit b) v lnh do ngi khai thc ci t. Mt ng truyn L2ML s c cung cp trn tt c cc kt ni vt l. Sau 21

Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

tt c cc thit b u cui c trang b mt ng truyn OML v cc phn t bo hiu v tuyn c trang b RLS. Truyn dn s liu : Trn cc ng truyn s liu c thit lp pht li v iu khin lung tn hiu c thc hin m bo cung cp dch v an ton cho lp 3 trong qu trnh truyn dn s liu. iu khin lung thc hin iu khin trnh t, kim sot s khung thiu v cc iu kin bn ca my thu. S ln pht li c gii hn bi thng s ca h thng Gim st ng truyn : m bo truyn dn tin cy v hiu qu cc khung LAPD, vic pht hin li v pht hin s c ng truyn c thc hin lp 2 gim st cc ng truyn. Gii phng ng truyn : Giao thc LAPD bao hm chc nng gii phng ng truyn phc v cho cc lp cao hn. 8. Bo hiu gia BTS v MS (LAPDm) : LAPDm l giao thc s dng cho bo hiu gia b thu pht BTS v trm di ng (MS). Giao din gia MS v b thu pht c gi l giao din khng gian (Um). Mc ch ca giao thc LAPDm l truyn dn bo hiu qua knh v tuyn c an ton. iu ny c ngha l tin bo ca lp 3 c th c pht trong cc iu kin c iu khin. LAPDm c t lp 2 theo m hnh OSI. Phn ngi s dng t trn lp LAPDm (lp 3). Xem hnh 13 Giao thc LAPDm tng t nh LAPD s dng giao din Abis, ngoi ra n c sa i ph hp vi cc c trng ring bit ca knh v tuyn.

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Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

Lp 1

Cc ngi s dng

Lp 2

Khi qun l AH

LAPDm

Lp 3

Cc tn hiu a qua truyn dn

Hnh 13: LAPDm theo m hnh OSI Cc chc nng ca giao thc LAPDm l : S u ni v khng u ni ca cc knh logic. Thit lp v gii phng cc knh s liu. Chuyn giao s liu n v i t MS, s dng c ch tha nhn v khng tha nhn. LAPDm c iu khin bng mt khi phn mm gi l khi x l knh khng gian (ALH) v LAPDm, chng cng x l tt c bo hiu ca giao din khng gian. Xem hnh 13. Chng trnh ca ALH s c t TRXC (B iu khin thu pht), y l b x l BSS. Khun dng tin bo LAPDm rt ging vi khun dng tin bo LAPD. Xem hnh 14

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Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

trng a ch, khi nhn dng im truy nhp dch v (SAPI) c th c 2 gi tr khc nhau :

- SAPI = 0 ch th rng tin bo hoc cha s liu hoc cha tin bo in thoi. - SAPI = 3 ch th y l bn tin bo co. Khun dng khung loi A a ch iu khin Ch th di Cc bit lm y S octet 1 2 3 4 Khun dng khung loi B a ch iu khin Ch th di Thng tin Cc bit lm y

Hnh 14 - Khun dng tin bo ca LAPDm Trong th tc LAPDm, ngi ta khng dng c v cu trc khi c sn ca lp vt l. Mt khung LAPDm c cc i 23 octet (1 byte 8 bit) trn TCH v 21 octet trn SACCH. Nhng octet khng dng c lp y gi tr khng nhm c, chng hn 00101011.Cc khung t tin c kh nng nhm vi cm FCCH nn gi tr lp trn y ng vi ti thiu xc xut nhm, ring ng truyn MS-BTS vn lp ch trng bng 1111 1111 theo np c c t trc. 9. Kt lun Bo hiu l 1 thc th khng th thiu trong cc h thng thng tin ni chung v mng di ng GSM ni ring . H thng cng hin i v phc tp th cng phi c h thng bo hiu mnh v chnh xc.Bo hiu knh chung ngy cng c s dng rng ri trong thc t v cho thy nhng u im vt tri ca n so vi bo hiu knh kt hp . Trong bi vit ny em trnh by Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM. Do vn kin thc cn

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Bo hiu s 7 trong mng di ng GSM

GVHD: m th M Hnh

SVTH: Phm Ngc Tn

hn ch nn khng th trnh c mt s sai st . Em mong c ng gp kin bi vit ca mnh c hon thin hn.Em xin chn thnh cm n.

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