PROBLEM 5.

103
KNOWN: Thickness and initial temperature of composite skin. Properties of material when
intact and when delaminated. Imposed surface heat flux.
FIND: Surface temperature of (a) intact material and (b) delaminated material, after 10 and 100
seconds.
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional heat conduction, (2) Bottom surface adiabatic, (3)
Constant and uniform properties, (4) Negligible convection and radiation losses.
ANALYSIS:
(a) The situation is equivalent to a plane wall of thickness 2L with heat flux at both surfaces. We
use Table 5.2b, Interior Cases, Plane Wall of thickness 2L. We first calculate Fo for the intact
case at t = 10 s.
1
2 2
3 2
k t t
Fo = =
L cL
1.6 W/m K 10 s
=
1200 kg/m 1200 J/kg K (0.015 m)
= 0.0494

Since Fo < 0.2,

1 1
q* = = 3.99
2 Fo 2 0.0494
~
Thus
s,1 s 1
2
T (10 s) = Ti + q L/k q*
= 20C + 5000 W/m 0.015 m/(1.6 W/m K 3.99)
''

= 31.8C <
At t = 100 s, Fo = 0.494 > 0.2, thus
-1
1
q* Fo + = 1.21
3
(
~
(

Continued
L = 15 mm
''
s
q = 5 kW/m
2
Composite skin
T
i
= 20C
= 1200 kg/m
3
c = 1200 J/kgK
Intact:
k
1
= 1.6 W/mK
Delaminated:
k
2
= 1.1 W/mK
L = 15 mm
''
s
q = 5 kW/m
2
Composite skin
T
i
= 20C
= 1200 kg/m
3
c = 1200 J/kgK
Intact:
k
1
= 1.6 W/mK
Delaminated:
k
2
= 1.1 W/mK
PROBLEM 5.103 (Cont.)
and
s,1 s 1
2
T (100 s) = Ti + q L/k q*
= 20C + 5000 W/m 0.015 m/(1.6 W/m K 1.21)
''

= 58.8C <
(b) Repeating the calculations for k
2
= 1.1 W/mK, we find
T
s,2
(10 s) = 34.2C <
T
s,2
(100 s) = 65.9C <
COMMENTS: (1) For t = 10 s, the Fourier number is less than 0.2, and the skin behaves as if it
were semi-infinite. However for t = 100 s, the heat has penetrated sufficiently far so that the
presence of the insulated bottom surface affects the temperature distribution. The surface
temperature is higher than it would be for a semi-infinite solid.
(2) The surface temperatures are sufficiently different for the intact and delaminated cases so that
detection is possible. The difference increases with increasing heating time, but if the heating
time is too long the elevated temperature will damage the material.
(3) Convection and radiation losses may not be negligible.