obm0 0ef;usirf ysuf pdu

k yf sKd ;a&;
(Conservation Agriculture)

ode;f qk (pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;wuov
kd )f

ordk;uspdkufysdK;enf;pepfESifhtusdK;qufrsm;
awmifot
l rsm;pkonf oD;ESw
H pfrsKd ;pku
d yf sKd ;&eftwGuf yxrOD;pGm ,refEpS u
f pdu
k yf sKd ;cJo
h nfh oD;ESyH if\
t<uif;tuserf sm;ESihf trIu
d o
f du
k rf sm;udk pdu
k yf sKd ;rnfh ajruGuaf y:wGif pkaqmif;pkyMkH uonf/ xkUd aemuf
4if;wdUk udk rD;IUd Muonf/ wpfcgwpf&w
H iG rf l pkaqmif;pkyrkH aeawmhbJ ajruGuw
f pfuu
G v
f ;kH tay: zH;k vTr;f aeonfh
tyift<uif;userf sm;udk rD;IUd vdu
k u
f m wpfuu
G v
f ;kH ul;pufysUH ESo
H mG ;atmif vkyaf qmifMuonf/ x,fx;kd xGef
arTjcif;vkyif ef;udk aumif;rGepf mG vkyu
f ikd Ef idk af tmif trIu
d rf sm;udk ajymif&iS ;f oGm;atmif jyKvyk jf cif;jzpfonf/
uJo
h Ukd rD;IUd ypfjcif;jzifh obm0twkid ;f aqG;ajrUNy;D ajrMoZmtjzpf wpfzefjyefjzpfomG ;&rnft
h pm; tzd;k wef
t[m&"gwfrsm; rD;avmifavvGihf qH;k I;H uke&f um t[m&wefz;kd rrsm;vSonfh jymudo
k m &&Sv
d u
dk af wmhonf/
yif<uif;yifusef d;k jywfrsm;udk rD;IUd jcif;aMumifh zefvt
kH rd "f gwfaiGUrsm; xkwv
f yk rf u
I kd jzpfay:aponf/ a&TUajymif;
awmif,mckw
f pdu
k yf sKd ;onfh awmifay:a'orsm;wGirf l rD;IUd rIrsm; ydrk v
kd yk u
f ikd Mf uojzifh t[m&"gwfajrMoZm
qH;k H;I rIrsm; ydrk jkd zpfymG ;MuNy;D zefvt
kH rd "f gwfaiGU xkwv
f w
T rf v
I nf; ydrk rkd sm;jym;ygonf/
rD;IUd Ny;D vQif x,fx;kd xGeaf rT xGe,
f ufru
I kd jyKvyk Mf uonf/ Ny;D vQif rsKd ;aphcspu
kd yf sKd ;rIukd ord;k us twkid ;f yif
jyKvyk Mf uonf/ odUk &mwGif ajrBu;D udx
k eG ,
f ufvu
dk o
f jzifh ajrqDvmT tm; a&ESiahf vwdu
k pf m;rIukd vG,u
f pl mG
jzpfay:aponf/ ajrtedrt
hf jrifh rnDnmonfh ae&mrsm;? awmifapmif;rsm;wGif ajrqDvmT wku
d pf m;cH&rI ydrk jkd zpfay:
aponf/ umAGe"f gwfEiS hf Edu
k x
f d*k si"f gwfwUkd onf ajrqDvmT twGi;f &Sd ajraqG;rsm;twGi;f wGif atmf*eJ pf
"gwfaygif;rsm;tjzpf wnf&adS eMuonf/ ajrqDvmT tm; xGe,
f ufjcif;ESihf ajrqDvmT tm; a&ESiafh vwdu
k pf m;
jcif;wdUk onf 4if;"gwfaygif;rsm;udk vQijf refpmG NyKd uaJG pNy;D umAGe'f ikd af tmufqu
kd "f gwf? rdoed ;f "gwfEiS hf Edu
k x
f &pf
atmufqu
kd "f gwfaiGUrsm;tjzpf avxkxo
J Ukd a&muf&o
dS mG ;aponf/ "gwfaiGUrsm;onf urmBu;D udk ylaEG;ap
onfh zefvt
kH rd "f gwfaiGUrsm;wGif tygt0ifjzpfMuonf/

obm0opfawmrsm;ESifh obm0a*[pepf
obm0opfawmrsm;wGif tyifrsKd ;pHk ajymif;vJaygufa&mufvsuf &So
d nf/ opfyifNcKH yifrsm;rS a<uusaom
opf&u
G o
f pfcufrsm;ESifh jrufyifrsm;onf ajray:wGif tpOftNrzJ ;kH tkyv
f su&f o
dS nf/ 4if;wdUk aoaMuysupf ;D
aqG;ajrUoGm;aomtcg ajraqG;rsm;tjzpf ajrqDvmT twGi;f a&maESma&muf&o
dS mG ; Muonf/ opfawmajrrsm;udk
Munfv
h Qif ajraqG;"gwfyg0ifrI jrifrh m;ojzifh ta&mifreJ ufvQu&f MdS uNy;D ajrom;yGum? ajrtwGi;f odUk a&pdr0hf ifrI
aumif;onfukd awGUMu&rnfjzpfonf/ wDaumifrsm;ESihf tjcm;trsKd ;aygif;rsm;pGmaom tif;qufy;kd rTm;rsm;
&Sio
f efusupf m; aeonfuv
kd nf; awGUMu&rnfjzpfonf/ pdu
k yf sKd ;ajrrsm;udk Munfv
h Qirf l opfawmajrrsm;xuf
odef;qk(pdkufysdK;a&;wuodkvf)\aqmif;yg;rsm;(1)

ajraqG;yg0ifreI nf;ojzifh ta&mifazsmNh y;D ajrom;uspu

f m a&pdr0hf ifEidk pf rG ;f enf;yg;onfukd awGUMu&rnf/
wDaumifrsm;ESihf tif;qufy;kd rTm;rsm;vnf; tvGeef nf;yg;onfukd awGUMu&rnf/

opfawmajrESifh pdkufysdK;ajruGmjcm;csuf
opfawmajrrsm;onf
(1) xGe,
f ufjcif;? wl;qGjcif;vH;k 0rcH&bJ obm0twkid ;f &So
d nf/
(2) ajrjyifay:wGif opf&u
G o
f pfcufrsm;ESihf jrufyifrsm; tpOftNrzJ ;kH tkyv
f su&f o
dS nf/
(3) tyifwpfrsKd ;wnf;aygufaejcif;r[kwb
f t
J yifrsKd ;pHk ajymif;vJaygufa&mufvsu&f o
dS nf/

obm00ef;usifrysuf pdkufysdK;a&;
obm00ef;usirf ysuf pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;enf;ynmonf obm0a*[pepfwiG f opfawmopfyifrsm; &Sio
f efayguf
a&mufMuyHt
k m; tajccHtwk,
l vkyaf qmifaom enf;pepfjzpfonf/ ajrqDvmT wku
kd pf m;rIukd umuG,af y;Hrk u?
zefvt
kH rd "f gwfaiGUrsm; xkwv
f w
T rf u
I v
kd nf; avsmeh nf;apum? qH;k I;H oGm;aom t[m&"gwfrsm;udv
k nf; jyefvnf
jznfq
h nf;ay;Edik af om enf;ynmwpfck jzpfayonf/ opfawmopfyifrsm; &Sio
f efaygufa&mufyu
kH kd tajccH
twk,x
l m;ojzifh obm00ef;usirf ysuf pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;enf;ynmwGiv
f nf; atmufygt"du t*Fg&yf(3)csu&f o
dS nf/

(1) tenf;qH;k xGe,

f uf pdu
k yf sKd ;jcif;? odUk r[kwf vH;k 0rxGeb
f J pdu
k yf sKd ;jcif; (Minimum or Zero Tillage)
(2) ajrjyiftm; oD;ESyH ifrsm;? oD;ESyH if<uif;rsm;jzifh tpOftNrzJ ;kH tkyx
f m;jcif; (Permanent soil cover)
(3) oD;ESt
H rsKd ;rsKd ;udk tvSnu
hf spu
kd yf sKd ;jcif; (Crop rotation)

obm00ef;usifrysuf pdkufysdK;a&;pHjyuGuf wnfaxmifjcif;

Welthungerhilfe (WHH) tzGUJ tpnf;onf *smrPDEi
kd if t
H ajcpdu
k f tjynfjynfqidk &f m vlru
I n
l aD &; tzGUJ t

pnf; jzpfygonf/ *smrPDEikd if H tpd;k &rS t"du ulnaD xmufyx

hH m;Ny;D tjcm;aom tjynfjynfqidk &f m tvSL&Sirf sm;
xHrS taxmuftyHhrsm;&,lum urmhae&ma'o toD;oD;&Sd vkdtyfonfh ae&mrsm;wGif vkdufvHulnD
aqmif&u
G af y;vsu&f ydS gonf/ jrefrmEdik if w
H iG v
f nf; &Sr;f jynfe,fajrmufyikd ;f vm;I;d NrKd UwGif pDru
H ed ;f H;k zGiv
hf pS x
f m;
&Su
d m pDru
H ed ;f aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd qif;&JErG ;f yg; rdom;pkrsm;\ pm;eyf&u
d m zlvakH &;ESihf bufpzkH UHG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;rsm;udk
ulnaD qmif&u
G af y;vsuf &SyD gonf/ pDru
H ed ;f aus;&Gmrsm;&Sd qif;&JErG ;f yg;rdom;pkrsm;\ t"du toufarG;rI
vkyif ef;onf pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;yifjzpfojzifh oD;ESt
H xGuw
f ;kd a&;ESihf a&&Snw
f nfwrhH nfh pdu
k yf sKd ;a&; vkyif ef;pOf
rsm;udk t"duxm; ulnyD yhH ;kd ay;vsuf &Syd gonf/
obm00ef;usirf ysuf pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;onf pDru
H ed ;f aus;&Gm rdom;pkrsm;twGuf a&&Snt
f usKd ;&Srd nfh
enf;pepfwpfcjk zpfonfukd em;vnfoabmaygufojzifh WHH pDru
H ed ;f onf uRr;f usiyf nm&Six
f rH S tultnD
&,lum pHjyuGuw
f nfaxmif&ef BuKd ;yrf;cJyh gonf/ ajrqDvmT odyyH nm&SiEf iS hf obm0t&if;tjrpfrsm; pDrcH efUcGaJ &;
uRr;f usiyf nm&Sif OD;ae0ef;ay:onf enf;pepfEiS hf ywfouf Ny;D FAO \ tBuaH y;yk*Kd vt
f jzpf tmz&duwdu
k f
rmvm0DEikd if w
H iG f (3)ESpMf um taumiftxnf azmfaqmif&u
G cf o
hJ nfh yk*Kd vt
f jzpf od&cdS &hJ Ny;D aemuf WHH
pDru
H ed ;f onf OD;ae0ef;ay:ESihf qufo,
G
f pepf taumiftxnfazmfEikd &f ef BuKd ;pm;aqmif&u
G cf o
hJ nf/
odef;qk(pdkufysdK;a&;wuodkvf)\aqmif;yg;rsm;(2)

WHH vm;I;d pDru

H ed ;f onf pDru
H ed ;f 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf aus;&Gmud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf 2011 ckEpS f rwfv aemufq;kH

tywftwGi;f ig;&ufMum (obm00ef;usirf ysuf pdu

k yf sKd ;a&;oifwef;)udk OD;ae0ef;ay:xHrS oif,&l &Scd MhJ uonf/
oifwef;umvtwGi;f rSmyif pHjyuGuaf jrae&mudk a&G;cs,cf MhJ u&m vm;I;d NrKd Ue,f ac;eif;aus;&Gmtkypf k pHjzwf
aus;&GmrS awmifol OD;tku
d af qm + a':at;jr wdUk \ awmif,m pdu
k u
f u
G u
f kd &SmazGawGU&Sd a&G;cs,Ef idk cf yhJ gonf/
oifwef;umv ig;&uftwGi;f pHjyuGuw
f iG f ESp&f ufMum vufawGUuGi;f qif; pHjyuGuaf zmfaqmifru
I kd pwif
cJMh uonf/

pHjyuGufwnfaxmifonfh vkyfief;pOftqifhqifhrsm;
(1) ajrae&m &Si;f vif;jcif;
pHjyuGuaf jrae&monf rwfapmuf&mESKe;f 27% cefU &SNd y;D pkpak ygif; tus,{f &d,m ig;{ueD;yg;cefU &Syd g
onf/ xdik g;{uxJrS wpf0ufukd obm00ef;usirf ysu pf u
kd yf sKd ;a&; pHjyuGuaf &G; cs,cf MhJ uNy;D usew
f pf0ufukd
ydik &f iS Of ;D tdu
k af qmrS ord;k usenf;jzifh pdu
k yf sKd ;rnfjzpfygonf/ pdu
k u
f u
G o
f nf ,refEpS u
f ajymif;zl;(pDy&D pS f
oH;k vH;k rsKd ;) pdu
k yf sKd ;cJo
h nft
h uGuf jzpfonf/ rwfvpwkwt
ywf oifwef;umvtwGi;f vufawGU uGi;f qif;
&mwGif ajymif;d;k ikwv
f ufuserf sm;udk ckwx
f iG &f iS ;f vif;cJMh uNy;D 4if;wdUk udk pHjyuGu{f &d,m rsuEf mS jyifay:wGif
ysUH ysUH ESUH ESUH zH;k tkyx
f m;cJMh uonf/ ajymif;d;k jywfrsm;udk rD;IUd ypfjcif; vH0k rjyKvyk cf yhJ g/
(2) aygif;jrufErdS ef if;jcif;
arv yxrtywftwGi;f wGif pHjyuGut
f wGi;f aygufvmonfah ygufjrufrsm;udk yxr jruf,rf;"g;jzifh
ckw,
f rf;ay;cJo
h nf/ aygif;ikwrf sm;udk yifv;kH ysUH tmedoif&o
dS nfh aygif;owfaq; (*vdu
k zf q
dk w
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ay;cJo
h nf/ ajrudq
k &G onfh aygufjym;jzifh aygif;&Si;f rIrsKd ; vH;k 0rjyKvyk cf yhJ g/
(3) ajrerlemrsm;gwfcpJG rf;oyfjcif;
arvuke&f ufwiG f pHjyuGuaf e&mrS ajrerlemrsm;ESihf ord;k us pdu
k yf sKd ;rnfh (uyfvsu&f adS om)ajruGurf S ajrerlem
rsm;udk &,lcyhJ gonf/ ajrerlem&,ljcif;udk vm;I;d NrKd Ue,f aemifreG pf u
kd yf sKd ;a&; okawoeNcrH S ajrqDvmT ynm&Sirf sm;
jzpfMuonfh OD;xdev
f if;xGe;f ESihf a':jzLjymvGiw
f Ukd rS ulnyD yhH ;kd ay;cJMh uygonf/ pepfwus pkaqmif;&,lxm;onfh
ajrerlemrsm;udk aejynfawmfa&qif;&Sd pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;okawoeXme ajrqDvmT "gwfccJG ef;odUk ay;ydUk "gwfcpJG rf;oyfru
I kd
jyKvyk cf yhJ gonf/ ord;k us pdu
k yf sKd ;rnft
h uGuw
f iG f ajymif;d;k ikwf ;kd jywfrsm;udk pkaqmif;pkyjkH cif; rD;IUd jcif;? x,fx;kd
jcif;rsm;wdUk udk aqmif&u
G Nf y;D pD;cJNh y;D jzpfonf/ avaoGUtajcmufcNH y;D jzpfonfh ajrerlemESprf sKd ;onf ta&miftm;jzifyh if
uGmjcm;aerIukd jrifawGU&onf/ ajymif;d;k rsm;? trIu
d rf sm;udk rD;IUyd pfNy;D x,fx;kd xm;onfh ord;k us pdu
k yf sKd ;pepf
ajruGurf S ajrerlemonf ta&mifazsmah eNy;D ? rD;rIUd bJ x,fx;kd rxm;onfh obm00ef;usirf ysuf pdu
k yf sKd ;pepf
pHjyuGurf S ajrerlemonf ydrk
kd ta&mifraJ eonfukd awGUjrifc&hJ onf/
(4) ajymif;zl;pdu
k yf sKd ;jcif;
ZGev
f (1)&ufaeUwGif obm00ef;usirf ysuf pdu
k yf sKd ;a&;pHjyuGuw
f iG f pDyD &Spo
f ;kH vH;k ajymif;rsKd ;rsm; pdu
k yf sKd ;cJMh u
onf/ ajymif;rsKd ;onf vm;I;d NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f awmifow
l ikd ;f eD;yg; pdu
k yf sKd ;aeMuonfh rsKd ;jzpfojzifh ajymif;rsKd ;udk
pdu
k yf sKd ;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ ajymif;zl;wpfcif;vH;k udk x,frxd;k bJ? pdu
k rf nfph u
kd af Mumif;rsm;udk aygufjym;jzifh aMumif;
azmf pdu
k af Mumif;twGi;f ajymif;rsKd ;udk wpfaphEpS af phukd (10)vufrcGgum wpfae&mvQif wpfaph pdu
k yf sKd ;cJh
Muonf/ pdu
k af Mumif;rsm;udk wpfaMumif;ESiw
hf pfaMumif; (30)vufrcefUcGg azmfcMhJ uonf/ pdu
k cf sed w
f iG f rD;rIUd bJ
odef;qk(pdkufysdK;a&;wuodkvf)\aqmif;yg;rsm;(3)

xm;cJo
h nfh ajymif;d;k rsm;onf tcsKd Uvnf; aqG;ajrUaeMuNy;D tcsKd Uvnf;aumif;pGm raqG;Muao;bJ pdu
k af Mumif;
rsm;twGi;f xdt
k wdik ;f &Sad ecJMh uonf/
ord;k uspu
kd yf sKd ;onfh uyfvsut
f uGuw
f iG f tcif;ydik &f iS f OD;tdu
k af qmonf x,fx;kd xm;onfh tuGut
f
wGi;f x,fjzifyh if pdu
k af Mumif;azmf pDy&D pS o
f ;kH vH;k ajymif;rsKd ;udyk if pdu
k yf sKd ;cJNh y;D x,fjzifyh if rsKd ;aphrsm;udk jyefz;kH
ay;cJo
h nf/ pHjyuGux
f uf (3)&ufcefUaemufusNy;D pdu
k yf sKd ;cJo
h nf/
(5) ajymif;zl;cif;twGi;f yJ,if;ESihf yJpif;iHk oD;Sypf u
kd yf sKd ;jcif;
ajymif;zl;pdu
k yf sKd ;Ny;D aemuf wpfvcGcJ efUtMum Zlvidk v
f (13) &ufaeUwGif ajymif;zl;cif;twGi;f yJ,if;ESihf
yJpif;iHu
k kd oD;Syt
f jzpf pdu
k yf sKd ;ay;cJo
h nf/ wpfyifEiS w
hf pfyif (10)vufr cGgxm;aom ajymif;zl;yifEpS yf if t
Mum;wGif yJ,if;rsKd ;aph oH;k aphcefUudk pdu
k yf sKd ;cJNh y;D ajymif;zl;twef; ESpw
f ef;Mum;wdik ;f wGif yJpif;iHu
k kd wpfusi;f ESihf
wpfusi;f (30)vufrcefUcGg wpfusi;f vsif rsKd ;apho;kH aphcefU pdu
k yf sKd ;ay;cJo
h nf/

ajrqDvTmt[m&"gwfcGJprf;oyfrItajzrsm;
a&qif;pdkufysdK;a&;okawoeXme? ajrqDMoZmt[m&"gwfcGJprf;oyfrItajzrsm;udk atmufyg Z,m;
wGiaf zmfjyxm;onf/ tajzrsm;udk avhvmMunfh o
I ;kH oyfvQif ord;k us pdu
k yf sKd ;enf;tuGuw
f iG f ajymif;d;k
ikwrf sm;ESihf trdu
I o
f du
k rf sm;udk rD;IUd ypfvu
dk o
f jzifh oD;ESyH iftwGuf t"duvdt
k yfonfh t[m&"gwfrsm;jzpfonfh
(Edik x
f d*k si?f azghpz&yfp?f ydw
k ufp,
D rf)rsm; rnfrQavmuf avsmyh g;aysmufq;kH uke&f onfukd rD;rIUd cJo
h nfh pHjyuGurf S
yrmPrsm;ESifh ESdKif;,SOfvQif awGUjrif&rnfjzpfonf/ rD;IdUrypfojzifh avsmhyg;roGm;onfh ajrMoZm
t[m&"gwfrsm;onf ,ck yxrOD;qH;k ESpf pdu
k yf sKd ;&moDwpfck twGi;f rSmyif yrmP&Syd gu rD;rIUd ? rxGe,
f uf
onfh pepfukd ESppf OfEpS w
f ikd ;f qufvufusio
hf ;kH oGm;rnfqv
kd Qif ajrqDMoZmudk rnfrQavmuf xde;f odr;f xm;
Ekid rf nfukd cefUrSe;f jrifawGUEkid yf gonf/

ajrqDajrMoZm"gwfcpJG rf;oyfrt
I ajzrsm;
pOf/ t[m&"gwfrsm;

C.ApHjyuGuf

ord;k ustuGuf

1/ tyifpm;oH;k Edik af om Edu

k x
f d*k si"f gwf (Available N ppm)

54

36

2/ tyifpm;oH;k Edik af om azgpfz&yfp"f gwf (Available P ppm)

3/ tyifpm;oH;k Edik af om ydw

k ufp,
D rf;"gwf (Available K ppm)

100

90

4/ tyifpm;oH;k Edik af om u,fvpD,rf"gwf (Exch. Ca cmol/kg)

3.49

2.93

5/ tyifpm;oH;k Edik af om r*eq

D ,
D rf"gwf

0.89

0.69

(Exch. Mg cmol/kg)

6/ tyifpm;oH;k Edik af om qmvzm"gwf(Water soluble SO4.S ppm) 4

7/ atmf*eJ pfopfaqG;"gwf (Organic matter % )

4.42

3.87

8/ ajrtcsOt
f iH"gwf (PH)

5.92

5.63

9/ ajrtrsKd ;tpm;

oJEeI ;f &TUH ajr

oJEeI ;f &TUH ajr

odef;qk(pdkufysdK;a&;wuodkvf)\aqmif;yg;rsm;(4)

obm00ef;usifrysufpdkufysdK;a&;pHjyuGufESifh ordk;uspdkufpepftuGufwGif
oD;ESjH zpfxeG ;f aerIrsm;
oD;ESjH zpfxeG ;f aerIrsm;udk yHw
k iG jf yxm;onft
h wdik ;f awGUjrif&ygonf/ yxryHo
k nf ajymif;zl;pdu
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