Sybase운영자가이드 PDF

1. ......................................................................................
9
1.1 ASE (Adaptive Server Enterprise) ...................................................................9
(1) ASE ............................................................................................................... 9
(2) ASE (DBA) ...................................................................................................... 9
(3) Database System Table .......................................................................................... 10
(4) Master database System table ......................................................................... 10
(5) Stored Procedure ................................................................................................... 12
1.2 ASE .................................................................... 12

(1) isql......................................................................................................................... 12
(2) Sybase Central ....................................................................................................... 16
(3) SQL Advantage ...................................................................................................... 16
1.3 ASE ........................................................................................... 17

(1) ASE ................................................................................................ 17
(2) ASE ............................................................................................... 18
(3) ASE ............................................................................... 18
(4) ASE .................................................................. 19
1.4 ASE (Configuration) .............................................................. 19

(1) Configuration Option ...................................................................................... 19
(2) Configuration ...................................................................................... 19
(3) Configuration ................................................................................................. 20
ASE Administration Guide - 1
(4) .......................................................................................................... 22
2. ............................................................................................. 25
2.1 Device ..............................................................................................25
(1) Disk Init.................................................................................................................. 25
(2) Default Device ....................................................................................................... 27
(3) Device ............................................................................................................ 27
(4) Device ............................................................................................................ 28
2.2 Mirroring ...................................................................................................28

(1) Mirroring .................................................................................................. 29
(2) Mirroring ................................................................................................. 29
(3) Mirroring ........................................................................................................ 30
3. (DATABASE) .............................................................. 31
3.1 Create Database ......................................................................................... 31
(1) Syntax.................................................................................................................... 31
(2) (Data) (Log) Device ................................................................... 32
(3) (Ownership) ...................................................................... 32
(4) Database Create (Permission) ................................................................... 33
(5) Database Option ........................................................................... 33
(6) Log Device ....................................................................... 34
3.2 Database ............................................................................................35

(1) Data Size .................................................................................................. 35
(2) Log Size ................................................................................................... 35
(3) Database ........................................................................................................ 35

(4) Tempdb Size .......................................................................................................... 36
3.3 Using Segments ........................................................................................36

(1) Segments ............................................................................................... 36
(2) User define Segments .......................................................................................... 36
(3) Segments ...................................................................................................... 36
(4) Segments ..................................................................................................... 36
(5) Segments ..................................................................................................... 37
(6) Segments ..................................................................................................... 37
(7) sp_extentsegment ............................................................................................... 37
3.4 Data Partitioning ........................................................................................38

(1) Partitioning ..................................................................................................... 38
(2) Partitioning .................................................................................................... 41
4. ACCESS (CONTROLLING) .............................................................. 43

4.1 User .................................................................................................43
(1) Database Owner(dbo) ................................................................................. 43
(2) sa Login ................................................................................................................. 43
(3) Role....................................................................................................................... 43
4.2 System Security ..........................................................................................44

(1) Login ..................................................................................................................... 44
(2) User ...................................................................................................................... 44
(3) Guest, Alias .......................................................................................................... 45

(4) Group ................................................................................................................... 45
(5) Role....................................................................................................................... 46
(6) Command Permission ............................................................................................ 47
(7) Object Permission .................................................................................................. 47
(8) ASE Controlling Functions ............................................................ 48
(9) Object or user Permission ....................................................... 48
5. AUDITING ........................................................................................... 49
5.1 Auditing ..............................................................................................49
(1) Audit .............................................................................................................. 49
(2) Audit system install and management .................................................................... 49
(3) Audit system Query ............................................................................................... 50
6. BUFFER MANAGER ............................................................................. 52

6.1 Default Cache.............................................................................................52
6.2 Named Cache ............................................................................................52
(1) Named Cache ........................................................................................... 53
(2) Named Cache .......................................................................................... 53
(3) Cache Object Binding, Unbinding ....................................................... 53
(4) Named Cache Delete ...................................................................................... 55
6.3 Buffer Pool Sizing (Large I/O)......................................................................55
(1) Buffer Pool .............................................................................................. 56

(2) Buffer Pool .............................................................................................. 56
(3) Buffer Pool Delete .......................................................................................... 57
7. CACHE STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION....................................................... 58

7.1 Prefetch Strategy (Large I/O) ......................................................................58
(1) Object-Level Prefetch Setting ........................................................................... 58
(2) Session-Level Prefetch Setting .......................................................................... 59
(3) Query-Level Prefetch Setting ............................................................................ 59
7.2 Fetch-and-Discard (MRU) Strategy ..............................................................59

(1) Object-Level Fetch-and-Discard Setting ............................................................ 60
7.3 Joincount ..................................................................................................60
8. PARALLEL PROCESSING ...................................................................... 61

8.1 Parallel Access ............................................................................................ 61
(1) Parallel access ................................................................................ 61
(2) Access Methods..................................................................................................... 61
(3) Parallel Scan ................................................................................................... 62
(4) Parallel access SQL Statements ......................................................... 65
8.2 Parallel scan configuration ..........................................................................65

(1) Server-wide Parameters.......................................................................................... 65
(2) Session Parameters ................................................................................................ 66
(3) Statement level ...................................................................................................... 66
9. TRANSACTION ............................................................................. 68
9.1 Transaction .........................................................................................68
(1) Transaction Logging ....................................................................... 68
(2) Checkpoint ............................................................................................................ 68
(3) Write-Ahead Log ................................................................................................... 68
9.2 Recovery .............................................................................................70

(1) Recovery .......................................................................... 70
(2) Recovery Option .................................................................................................... 70
9.3 User Log Cache (ULC)................................................................................72

(1) user log cache..................................................................................................... 72
(2) User Log Cache Flush? ........................................................................ 72
10. BACKUP ............................................................................................ 73

10.1 Backup Server ...........................................................................................73
(1) Backup Server . ..................................................................................... 73
(2) Backup / Restore ........................................................................................... 73
(3) Backup / Restore Flow () .......................................................................... 74
(4) Recovery ............................................................................................................... 74
(5) Local Backup Server ............................................................................................... 76
(6) Remote Backup Server ........................................................................................... 76
(7) Dump Device ............................................................................................ 77
10.2 Dump ......................................................................................................77

(1) Dump Database. ................................................................................................... 77
(2) Dump Transaction. ............................................................................................... 79
10.3 Load ........................................................................................................80

(1) Load Database ...................................................................................................... 80
(2) Load Transaction. ................................................................................................. 80
10.4 Point-in-time Recovery .............................................................................82

(1) Point-in-time Recovery ? ..................................................................................... 82
(2) . ..................................................................................................................... 82
(3) Point-in-time Recovery . ................................................................. 82
(4) Point-in-time Recovery ....................................................................................... 82
10.5 Backup Miscellaneous........................................................................84

(1) Backup ........................................................................................................... 84
(2) Transaction Log release . ....................................... 84
11. MONITORING & TROUBLESHOOTING SQL SERVER ............................. 86

11.1 Montoring ...............................................................................................86
(1) Monitoring . .................................................................................................... 86
(2) Threshold Manager................................................................................................ 88
(3) Database Integrity.................................................................................................. 89
(4) Resource Governor ................................................................................................ 91
11.2 Troubleshooting ......................................................................................92

(1) Server Start ........................................................................................... 92
(2) Server Start Access .................................................................. 93
(3) Database ................................................................................. 94
(4) User Object ............................................................................ 95
(5) Process Down Hang. .................................................................................... 97
12. ADMINISTRATION TOPIC ..................................................... 98

12.1 Data Management tools. ..........................................................................98
(1) Defncopy ............................................................................................................... 98
(2) Bulk Copy .............................................................................................................. 98
12.2 Remote Access ...................................................................................... 101

(1) Server ............................................................................................................ 101
(2) Remote Login Mapping .................................................................................... 102
12.3 Component Integration Services (CIS) .................................................... 104

(1) .................................................................................................................... 104
(2) ..................................................................................................................... 104
12.4 Logical Process Manager ........................................................................ 105
13. 12.5 ........................................................................... 78

13.1 12.5.0.1. ...................................................................................................78
13.2 12.5.1.......................................................................................................78
13.3 12.5.2. .....................................................................................................78
13.4 12.5.3 ......................................................................................................79
1.
1.1 ASE (Adaptive Server Enterprise)
(1) ASE
Multi-threaded Single Process

CPU Thread Task .
CPU .
Integrity security

Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria"(TCSEC)
B1
High Availability
Cluster SMP .
,
.
Cost-based Optimizer.
Optimizer Query Plan
. , optimize query .
(2) ASE (DBA)
ASE , .
, , .
ASE Login account .
ASE .
.
ASE .
ASE (Auditing) .
(3) Database System Table

ASE table .
System table
- sysobjects
- syslogs
- sysprotects
- sysprocedures
- sysusers
- syssegments
- sysroles
- sysalternates
- systypes
- syscolumns
- sysindexes
- sysdepends
- syskeys
- sysgams
- systhreshold
- sysreferences
- sysattributes
- syspartitions
, System Table
.
(4) Master database System table

Master database System table Server
System table .
System table
- sysservers
- syslogins
- sysdevices
- sysdatabases
- syslanguages
- syscharsets
- sysprocesses
- syscurconfigs
- syssrvroles
- sysmessages
- sysconfigures
- syslocks
- syssecmechs
- sysmonitors
- sysengines
- sysremotelogins
- syslisteners
- syslogsholds
- systimeranges
- sysresourcelimits
, Master database
System table .
Recovery Master database Master

database .
(5) Stored Procedure

SYBASE Stored Procedure T-SQL control-of-flow language .
Stored Procedure User Defined Stored Procedure System Stored Procedure
, User
defined Stored Procedure stored Procedure Performance

Function Server Application ,
System StoredProcedures System Administrative Task Server
Procedure sp_ Stored Procedure
System Table System Stored Procedure sybsystemproc
DB $SYBASE/scripts dir installmaster .
sp_helpdb : database
sp_addumpdevice : backup
sp_addlogin (syslogins)
sp_who (sysprocesses)
1.2 ASE
(1) isql
ASE .
ASE Transact-SQL .
.
: $ isql -U username -P password [-S servername ]
1> <some SQL statements>
2> go
S DSQUERY ASE .
Isql SQL
Reset :
vi
: isql vi .
quit
: isql .
:r file_name :file isql .

Database, Object, User, Permission , OS
.
/* template.sql */
/* set the current database */
use pubs2
go
/* stores procedure , drop */
if exists(select 1 from sysobjects where type = P and
name = stored_proc_name)
begin
drop proc stored_proc_name
end
go
/* stored procdure create */
create proc stored_proc_name
(
.
.
return
go
/* stored procdure permission assign */
grant execute on stored_proc_name to public
go
Batch go
.
comment /* ... */ -- .
Stored Procedure execute .

: $ isql -U user_name -P passwd -i filename $ isql -U
user_name -P passwd < filename
** Utility Programs for UNIX Platforms .
(2) Sybase Central
ASE, Replication Server, Adaptive Server Anywhere, ASIQ, NetImpact Dynamo

.
Connect, disconnect, server starting, server stopping, ASE troubleshooting
Sybase central connecting / disconnecting

Tool menu -> connect -> logon dialog box
User id
Password
Server name dropdown list ASE
OK
Disconnect disconnect ASE
File menu disconnect
Sybase central ASE

ASE
ASE ASE (start) Yes
ASE
ASE (stop)
ASE .
(3) SQL Advantage

isql Transact-SQL(T-SQL)
File Open
File menu Open
Open Drive, Directory
List box File
File Load
File menu Load
Load Drive, Directory
File Loading
1.3 ASE
(1) ASE
Sybase Install startserver.
$SYBASE/install RUN_xxx .
RUN_xxx RUN_sqlservername.
, ASE Server ACCOUNT RUN_ACCOUNT .
) cd $SYBASE/install
startserver -f RUN_SYBASE [-m]
* -f : RUNSERVER file
-m : single-user mode /* troubleshooting */
showserver server
) $ showserver
$ ps -ef|grep dataserver
(2) ASE
isql sa login shutdown .
Syntax : shutdown [backup_server] [with nowait]

)
1>shutdown SYB_BACKUP /*BACKUP */
2>go
1>shutdown [with nowait]
2>go
* with nowait
(troubleshooting) .
* BACKUP ASE
(3) ASE
UNIX /etc/rc File .

)
SYBASE = /home/u/test/sybase
export SYBASE
su sybase -c $SYBASE/install/startserver -f $SYBASE/install/RUN_TEST &
SYBASE=/home/u/test/sybase \
su sybase -c $SYBASE/install/startserver -f $SYBASE/install/RUN_TEST &
* /home/u/test : SYBASE
* ASE server TEST
* UNIX OS Unix manual
(4) ASE
showserver ps -ef | grep dataserver
$SYBASE/install/errorlog
ASE login
ASE (env )
1.4 ASE (Configuration)

ASE Performance .
(1) Configuration Option
Backup/recovery
Cache manager
Disk I/O
Network
O/S resources
Memory
Processors
User environment
Lock manager
(2) Configuration
Syntax :
1. sp_configure : config .
2. sp_configure [group name] : group .
3. sp_configure [optname [, optvalue]] : config

.
reconfigure with override: ( Ver 10.x

)
1> sp_configure remote access

2> go
name
min
max
config_value run_value
----------------------------------------------------------------remote access
Dynamic Option : ASE .
Static Option
: ASE .
1>sp_configure remote access,0

2>go
* ASE /*startserver */
(3) Configuration
Configuration ASE Configuration .

( (SQL Server 10) Master Device Config Block )
sp_configure Configuration .
ASE Configuration
($SYBASE/<servername>.cfg) .
Configuration (OLTP,DSS).
Configuration .
Configuration .(11.0.x Version buildmaster r
)
11.0.x Version Reconfigure .
Command
sp_configure : .
Syntax : sp_configure configuration file [,0,< sub_command>,<fileName>]
* sub_command - read, verify, write, restore

sp_displaylevel : User Display Level .
Syntax : sp_displaylevel [login_name [,level]]
* level - basic, intermediate, comprehensive
(4)
total memory
Hardware physical memory dataserver memory .
Syntax : sp_configure total memory,value
*) value 2K . 30M 15360 (2K
*15360=30720K).
Procedure cache
Stored Procedure trigger compile object cache
% ..
cache space(data cache + procedure cache) 20% default
(total memory procedure cache ) .
Procedure cache .
max(# of concurrent users) * (size of largest plan) * 1.25
/* */
max(# of concurrent users) * (avg. Plan size) * 1.25
/**/
:Sp_configure procedure cache, n(%)
max online engines

SMP H/W CPU .
CPU CPU - 1 setup.
size of auto identity

sp_dboption auto identity table Identity column precision .
*) default 10 precision 10 insert error .
Identity 10 .
.
Syntax : sp_configure size of auto identity, <value>
* <value> : 1 - 38
print deadlock information
errorlog file deadlock .

.
max network packet size

.
512 Byte 512 Byte
image bcp .
additional network memory
additional network memory

max network packet size .
)
Application
Packet Size
Bcp
8192
Client-library
8192
Client-library
4096
Client-library
4096
Total
24576
Multiply bt 3 buffers/user
Overhead
*3
73728
Compute 2% overhead
Add overhead
*.02=1474
+ 1474
Additional network memory

Round up to multiply of 2048
75202
75776
lock promotion
ASE Lock Page Lock Table Lock Lock

Table Page Locking Page
Lock .
(Lock promotion PCT /Lock promotion LWM /Lock promotion
HWM)
: sp_setpglockpromote server | database | table, obj_name,
new_lwm, new_hwm, new_pct
sp_dropglockpromote database | table , obj_name
2.
2.1 Device
ASE .
disk init ASE Raw Unix

Logical Name Physical Name .
sysdevices
name
c
d
.... phyname
data_dev1 .....disk1d
data_dev1
logical name
physical name
(1) Disk Init

Syntax : disk init
name = device_name,
physname = physical_name,
vdevno = virtual_device_number,
size = number_of_pages
......
[, contiguous] /* OpenVMS only */
* name : Logical name

physname : Sybase login id
.
vdevno : 1 ~ 255 ( max configured - 1)
size : 2k page ( 256 MB ).
) raw device(/dev/rsd2d) 360MB

disk init
name = data_dev1,
physname = /dev/rsd2d,
vdevno = 2, /* sybase */
size = 92160 /* ( 256 * 360M ) */
sp_helpdevice : Device .
(2) Default Device
Device Default Device .
Device sp_diskdefault Default Device .

Syntax : sp_diskdefault logical name, {defaulton | defaultoff}
)
exec sp_diskdefault master, defaultoff

exec sp_diskdefault data_dev1, defaulton
ASE Master Device Default Device .
(3) Device
Device Device .
Syntax : sp_dropdevice device_name
Device Device Device number ASE

.
sp_dropdevice ASE Device ASE Unix

rm .
(4) Device
Master Database select * from sysdevices
sp_helpdevice [Device name]
2.2 Mirroring
Database Device ASE .
Write.
Read Primary Side .
unmirrored:
data_dev1
mirrored:
disk1
data_dev1
disk1
(1) Mirroring
Downtime .
.
S/W .
(Disk Storage) .
Write .
Device Mirroring .
Master Device
Log Devices
Active Device
(2) Mirroring
Syntax : disk mirror

name = device name,
mirror = physical_name
[ , writes = {serial | noserial}]
disk2
) disk mirror
name = data_dev1,
mirror = /dev/rsd3d
Master Device Mirror RUNSERVER Mirror Physical Name

.
) dataserver -ddevicename .... [ -rmastermirror_devicename]
Mirroring
disk unmirror name = device_name
Mirroring
disk remirror name = device_name
Mirroring
disk unmirror name = device_name, mode = remove
Mirroring
disk unmirror name = device_name, side = primary, mode = retain
(3) Mirroring
sp_helpdevice Mirroring .
3. (Database)
3.1 Create Database
model
master
new database
physical device
logical device
(1) Syntax
create database database_name
[on database_device [= size]
[, database_device = size]] ...]
[log on database_device = [size]] ...]
[with override]
[for load]
Device Default Device .
(Size) Configuration Default Database

Size .
(User) Model 2MB

.
Master .
) create database pubs2
create database salesdb on data_dev1 = 5
log on log_dev1 = 2
log on data_dev1 = 2 with override
Device with override

.
(2) (Data) (Log) Device
.
DB .
Mirroring .
(3) (Ownership)
Database User Database Owner ,
System (sa Role)
Database . Ownership DB
.
Syntax : sp_changedbowner login_name
login_name Server , Database User .

)
1> use productdb

2> go
1> sp_changedbowner fred

2> go
Database .
Syntax : sp_helpdb [database_name]
(4) Database Create (Permission)
Database .
grant create database to mary
(5) Database Option
Option
abort tran on log full : Last-chance threshold
.
allow nulls by default : NULL NULL
.
dbo use only
: dbo Database
ddl in tran
: DDL
Identity in nonunique index : Table Index Unique

Table Index Key identity
no chkpt on recovery : Recovery checkpoint record

no free space acctg
: non-log Free space Threshold

read only
: Database
select into/bulkcopy/pllsort : writetext, select into Fast bulk , Parallel Sort
single user
: Database

trunc. log on chkpt
: Database Checkpoint
Truncate 5
unique auto_identity
: Table identity non-clustered Index
Syntax : sp_dboption [dbname, option_name, {true | false}
1>use master /* must be in master */

2>go
1>sp_dboption smalldb, read only, true
2>go
1>use smalldb
2>go
1>checkpoint /* must run in your database */
2>go
(6) Log Device

1) Log Dump.(dump tran ....... with truncate_log)
2) Database Device .(alter database)
3) sp_logdevice Log Device .
4) page(2K) dummy update .
5) Log Dump.(dump tran ....... with truncate_log)
6) Dbcc chaecktable(syslogs) .
3.2 Database
Alter Database dbo sa Database .
expansion
expansion
OR
data_dev1
data_dev1
data_dev2
(1) Data Size
Syntax : alter database database_name

[on {default | database_device} [= size]]
[log on database_device [= size]]
alter database pubs2 /* default device */

alter database pubs2 on data_dev1 = 3 /* data_dev1 device */
(2) Log Size
) alter database pubs2 log on log_dev2 = 4
(3) Database
Syntax : drop database database_name
Database .
(4) Tempdb Size
Query Statement Server tempdb .

- Order by ( Index )
- Group by
- Distinct
- create table( #name tempdb..name)
Query User tempdb Size .
3.3 Using Segments

(1) Segments
Database Device device table or index

.
database system, default, logsegment .
(2) User define Segments
sp_addsegment segname, dbname, device_name
(3) Segments
create table tableA(.....) on seg1
create table tableB(.....) on seg2
(4) Segments
sp_dropsegment
) sp_dropsegment default, salesdb, data_dev3
(5) Segments
sp_helpsegment [segname]
(6) Segments
segment device
sp_placeobject seg2, tableA
(7) sp_extentsegment
segment database device .
sp_extendsegment segname, dbname, devname
3.4 Data Partitioning

(1) Partitioning
Query
. ASE 11.5

11.X Release
Heap Insertion Point
I/O
11.5 Release
Query (,
Worker Process ).
bcp in
load balancing .
Multiple Insertion Point

Double-linked List . Clustered Index
Heap Table
Exclusive-Lock
. Heap Table
Lock contention .
Reduced I/O Contention

I/O Contention
.
.
I/O .

Fragment . Query I/O
Contention , .
I/O Balancing
Load Balancing .
Clustered index Split

Balance
.
default segment .
Fragment .
fragment .
Bcp batch
fragment . non-batch .
.
Pre-11.5 :
Table with clustered indexes
System tables
Work tables
Temporary tables
( .)
11.5 :
System tables
Work tables. work table

.
( .)
Text and Image Columns
Text Image Text Image

.
(2) Partitioning
default segment ,
default segment .
default segment

1> sp_addsegment newsegment, my_database, data_dev1
2> go
3
1> sp_extendsegment newsegment, my_database, data_dev2
2> go
1> sp_extendsegment newsegment, my_database, data_dev3
2> go

1> create table my_table
2> (names, varchar(80) not null)
3> on newsegment
4> go

1> alter table my_table partition 3
2> go
....
User1
Last Page
User2
Table
....
Last Page
....
Last Page
Partition .
Syntax : alter table table_name unpartition
ex) alter table publishers unpartition
Partition .
Syntax : sp_helpartition table_name
4. Access (Controlling)
4.1 User
(1) Database Owner(dbo)
Database User .
Database Dump Load.
Checkpoint, dbcc .
Database Objects User .
(2) sa Login
ASE Install Password null.
Role (System administrator, system security officer, system operator)

SQL
Master Database Owner
Database Owner .
Database Objects Access .
(3) Role
SA role : Administrative Tasks
disk storage
logins drop, modify, lock, unlock
SA grant/revoke
User database create
ASE user permission
ASE Processes shutdown
SSO role : Security Tasks
ASE login
Password
User define role ,
SSO, OPER role
Audit system
OPER role : Dumps & Loads
4.2 System Security

(1) Login
ASE Connect .
Master Database syslogins Table . (select * from syslogins)
Syntax : sp_addlogin loginname, passwd [, defaultdb [, deflanguage [,fullname]]]
) sp_addlogin claire, bleurouge, public_db, french, Claire Barr

sp_addlogin robby, playball, education
Password 6byte.
Default Database Master Database Default .
Command
sp_modifylogin login_name, option, values
sp_droplogin login_name
sp_addlogin login_name, password
sp_password caller_passwd,new_passwd [, login_name]
sp_configure password, n
sp_locklogin [login_name, {lock | unlock}]
(2) User
Database Access .
Database sysusers Table . (select * from sysusers)
Syntax : sp_adduser login_name [, name_in_db [, grpname]]
User : sp_dropuser name_in_db
) sp_adduser claire, claireb

sp_adduser robby
dbo User Add .
syslogins
name
claire
robby
master
user3db
user2db
user1db
sysusers
sysusers
name
name
claireb
robby
fredp
maryj
(3) Guest, Alias
Guest : login guest Database Access .

Syntax : sp_adduser guest
Alias : Database User Login .

Ex) User dbo .
Syntax : sp_addalias loginame, name_in_db
Alias drop : Sp_dropalias loginname
(4) Group
Users Group Permission .
sp_addgroup engineering
,
sp_adduser robert, bob, engineering
or
sp_changegroup engineering, bob
public Group .
group : sp_helpgroup [grpname]
(5) Role
SQL Server Install , sa login SA, SSO,OPER role .
sp_role User Role .

Syntax : sp_role {grant | revoke}, {sa_role | sso_role | oper_role}, login_name
) sp_role grant, sa_role, robby
Login Log in Login Role ,

.
Syntax : set role {sa_role | sso_role | oper_role} {on | off}
) set role sa_role off
Login Role .
select show_role()
procedure role check function

proc_role
) create proc test_proc
as
if (proc_role(sa_role) = 0)
begin
print You do not have the right role.
Return 1
end
else
print You have SA role.
Return 0
system role Enable or disable
set role {sa_role | sso_role | oper_role} on

set role {sa_role | sso_role | oper_role} off
(6) Command Permission
Command Object create, alter, drop

.
Grant
Syntax :
grant {all [privileges] | command_list}

to {public | name_list | role_name}
grant create rule to fred

grant create rule, create table to engineering
Revoke
Syntax :
revoke {all [privileges] | command_list}

from {public | name_list | role_anme}
revoke create table from public

revoke create rule from fred
(7) Object Permission
Object Permission Object Access select, insert, delete, update,

references, execute .
grant permission : create index, create trigger, alter table, drop table, truncate
table, update statistics
Grant
Syntax : grant {all [privileges] | permission_list}
on {table_name [(column_list)]
view_name [(column_list)]
stored_procedure_name }
to {public | name_list | role_name}

[ with grant option ]
) grant update on titles (price, advance) to public
grant execute on new_proc to sa_role
** With Grant Option : User Permission .
Revoke
Syntax :
revoke [grant option for] {all [privileges] | permission_list}

on {table_name [(column_list)]
view_name [(column_list)]
stored_procedure_name }
from {public | name_list | role_name} [cascade]
revoke insert, delete on titles from mary, sales

revoke update on titles (price, advance) from public
(8) ASE Controlling Functions

. suser_id( )
. db_id( )
. user_id( )
. db_name( )
. user_name( )
. proc_role( )
select suser_id( )
select suser_id(fred)
(9) Object or user Permission
. sp_helprotect object_name
. sp_helprotect user_name
. suser_name( )
5. Auditing
5.1 Auditing
Security system (sybsecurity)
database object .
login monitoring
login .
(1) Audit
ASE Level
: logins, logouts, reboots, remote procedure calls, dbcc commands,

security, disk, adhoc
Database Level : grant, revoke, truncate, drop, load, create, alter, bcp, bind, unbind,
dbaccess, dump
Object Level
: delete, exec_procedure, exec_trigger, func_obj_access, insert,

reference, select, update
User Level
: cmdtext
(2) Audit system install and management
auditinit install
audit trail table
audit table data device
syslogs transaction log device
Install syslogs system table device
sp_configure audit table

syntax) sp_configure current audit table, n [, with truncate]
auditing install default option active sp_dboption .
auditing install sp_audit auditing option set

syntax) sp_audit option, login_name, object_name [, setting]
option : audit action name( select, update, create..)
setting : OFF - action auditing Off
PASS - action , audit record
FAIL - action , audit record
ON , audit record
) sp_audit create,all,db1,both
auditing enable / disable

syntax) sp_configure auditing, [0 | 1]
(3) Audit system Query

)
1>use audit_db
2>go
1>select * from audit_data
2>where loginname = bob
3>and eventtime like Jul 5% 97
4>go
Contents of sysaudits
event
: type of event being audited
eventmod
: more information about the event being audited
spid, suid, dbid, objid : process IDs
eventtime
: data and time that the audited event occurred
sequence
: sequence number of the record within a single event
xactid
: ID of the tranction containing the audited event
loginname
: login name corresponding to suid
dbname
: database name corresponding to dbid
objname
: object name corresponding to dbis
objowner
: name of the owner of objid
extrainfo
: additional information about the audited event
6. Buffer Manager
Performance I/O .
Buffer manager (contention) .
DSS OLTP Memory .
6.1 Default Cache
SQL Server Boot Cache DSS OLTP Mixed

Cache.
Object Named Cache Default Cache .
Recovery, Load Database, Load Transaction .
Default Cache Delete Size .(Size : 512K)
Default Cache 2K Buffer Pool Size .
6.2 Named Cache
SMP Buffer Manager Contention .
Memory Memory .
Named Cache
OLTP
Hash
2K
OPTIMIZER
DSS
16 K
OLTP DSS .
Memory Disk I/O .
Buffer pool sizing : 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K I/O
(1) Named Cache
Syntax : sp_cacheconfig [cache_name [,cache_size [P|K|M|G] [,logonly | mixed]]]
: Size 512K .
cache size memory .
) 1> sp_cacheconfig pub_cache, 10M

2> go
1> sp_helpcache
2> go
(2) Named Cache
1> sp_cacheconfig pub_cache, logonly

2> go
(3) Cache Object Binding, Unbinding
Syntax : sp_bindcache cache_name, dbname[, [owner.]table [, index] | text only]
sp_unbindcache dbname[, [owner.]table [, index] | text only]

sp_unbindcache_all cache_name

Binding Entity Cache .
Database Binding Master Database .
Object Cursor Open, Dirty Read .
syslogs Binding cache Log-only Cache .
Ex) 1> sp_bindcache pub_cache, pubs2, authors

2> go
1> sp_bindcache pub_cache, pubs2, titles, titleind

2> go
1>sp_unbindcache pubs2, authors

2>go
1>sp_unbindcache_all pub_cache
2>go
(4) Named Cache Delete
1> sp_cacheconfig pub_cache, 0

2> go
: Named cache delete object unbind
6.3 Buffer Pool Sizing (Large I/O)
SQL Server Data Page Disk Access Physical I/O

.
2K page 8 2K page 8 Throughput

.
DSS .
2K, 4K, 8K, 16K I/O .
(1) Buffer Pool

Syntax
sp_poolconfig
cache_name,
pool_size
from_io_sizeK]
1> sp_poolconfig pub_cache, 4M, 4K

2> go
(2) Buffer Pool

)
1> sp_poolconfig pub_cache, 1M, 4K, 16K

2> go
1> sp_poolconfig pub_cache, 8K, wash=128K
2> go
[P|K|M|G],
to_io_sizeK
[,
(3) Buffer Pool Delete

)
1> sp_poolconfig pub_cache, 0, 16K

2> go
7. Cache Strategy Optimization
Optimizer Logical Physical I/O .
Optimizer Named Cache, Large I/Os, Query Table .
Buffer Manager Strategy .
7.1 Prefetch Strategy (Large I/O)
Physical I/O Disk I/O Physical page .
Default large I/O on .
(1) Object-Level Prefetch Setting
Syntax : sp_cachestrategy dbname [, [ownername.]tablename [,indexname | text only |

table only [, prefetch | mru, on | off]]]
1>sp_cachestrategy employee, prefetch, off

2>go
(2) Session-Level Prefetch Setting
Syntax : set prefetch off | on
OLTP Performance Prefetch Disable .
(3) Query-Level Prefetch Setting
Syntax : select select_list from [ {tablename} [(indid | index indname [prefetch size]
[lru | mru] )] [holdlock | noholdlock] where ......
1> select * from authors (prefetch 4)

2>go
7.2 Fetch-and-Discard (MRU) Strategy
Cache Page MRU

Page .
Default MRU on .
S
DS
T
OL
MRU
Regular
Strategy
Wash
Marker
DS
LRU
MRU
Strategy
Data Pages
in Use
(1) Object-Level Fetch-and-Discard Setting
Syntax : sp_cachestrategy objectname, [prefetch | mru [, off | on ]]
1> sp_cachestrategy authors, mru, on

2>go
7.3 Joincount
ASE 4 Table Join Optimizer .
ASE 5 -8 Table Join Optimizer .
Syntax : set tablecount <#>
1> set tablecount 6

2>go
8. Parallel Processing
Adaptive Server 11.5 query parallel access
. parallel query

8.1 Parallel Access

(1) Parallel access
table partitioning
scan width
partition skew
selection of a useful index
available work process
existence of clustered index
(2) Access Methods
Process
1
Access
Process
2
Process
3
Process
4
- Thread
- Thread
Result Set(bucket)
Merge
- Bucket
Result set Merge
Merge mechanism
- Merge Result Set Client
(3) Parallel Scan
Accessing Data Without an Index
Accessing Data Using a Non-Clustered Index
Accessing Data Using a Clustered Index
One User, One Process
Partition scans : partition tables

.
, I/O throughput
Partition Clustered index scan

root page
I
n
d
e
x
Level 0
data
pages
Partition 1
Partition 2
Index pages accessed by threads 2,3

Index pages accessed by threads 1,2,3,4
Partition scanned by thread 4
Hash scans
Partition 3
Partition 4

Partition 1 terminates
: partition tables
worker process worker process
hash
.
ii . Clustered index hash scan .
iii . optimizer
P-hash Clustered index scan

root page
I
n
d
e
x
Level 0
data
pages
Data pages accessed by thread 2

Data pages accessed by thread1
Index pages accessed by threads 1,2
Clustered index
Scan type
Unpartitioned tables
Partitioned tables
Table scan
Hash-based table scan
Partition-based table scan
Non-clusted index
Hash-based non-clust
Hash-based non-clust index scan
scan
index scan
Clustered index scan
none
Partition-based clustered index

scan
Clustered index table

Scan type
Unpartitioned tables
Partitioned tables
Table scan
Partition-based table scan
or

Non-clusted index
Hash-based non-clust
scan
index scan
Hash-based non-clust index scan
(4) Parallel access SQL Statements
Group by
Aggregates
Union
Order by
Distinct
Select into
Create index
8.2 Parallel scan configuration

(1) Server-wide Parameters
Number of Worker Processes

Parallel Dataserver Worker thread
. 1, Default Parallel
Worker Process Memory

Worker Thread Memory
Max Parallel Degree

Query () Server-Wide . Parallel
Worker thread Parallel (type) Worker

thread
.
Max Scan Parallel Degree
Hash based access () ServerWide
sp_configure configuration file

sp_configure Parallel Query Parameter .
Number of worker processes
) sp_configure number of work processes, 25
Memory per worker process
Max parallel degree
) sp_configure max parallel degree, n (n : 1 ~ 256)
Max scan parallel degree
) sp_configure max scan parallel degree, n (n : 1 ~ the value of max parallel
degree)
(2) Session Parameters
set command session level options .

Parallel_degree
) set parallel_degree 3
Scan_parallel_degree
) set scan_parallel_degree 2
Process_limit_action
(3)
Statement level
statement-level parallel access setting

table
) select * from huge_table (parallel 1)
clustered index
) select * from huge_table (index cix parallel 5)
Server-wide session level limit
9. Transaction
9.1 Transaction
Database SQL SQL Operation (Logical)
.
Data .
Consistency .
All or Nothing.
(1) Transaction Logging
Database Database syslogs Table Logging.
Row Logging.
syslogs Roll Back Roll forward .
(2) Checkpoint
Checkpoint Cache Data Page Log Page Disk .

dirty log dirty data page disk .
Checkpoint Record Log .
transaction interruption .
Checkpoint Recovery Interval SQL Server .

dbo SA Checkpoint .
(3) Write-Ahead Log
Log Page Data Page .
Server Cache Memory
Log
device
Data
device
data pages
log pages
Log Page Write .

Commit Tran
Cache Space
Checkpoint
Trigger Fire
Data page Write

Cache Space
Checkpoint
9.2 Recovery
(1) Recovery
Recovery Server Restart Database .

Commit Transaction Database .
Roll forward
Commit Transaction .
Roll back
(2) Recovery Option
recovery interval in minutes = n (per database)

Page Disk .
Checkpoint Log Row ecovery
.
Dynamic Option.
print recovery information = 1

Recovery transaction Print out.
Static option ASE reboot .
) sp_configure recovery interval in minutes, 3

sp_configure print recovery information, 1
9.3 User Log Cache (ULC)

(1) user log cache
user connection log record .

.
ULC ASE .
ASE log record user log cache

flush.
(2) User Log Cache Flush?
transaction (commit/rollback)
user log cache space
checkpoint
10. Backup
10.1 Backup Server

Backup Server
,
H/W .
(1) Backup Server .
SYBASE Backup Server LAN Machine

/ .
GB
(VLDB) .
DBA
.
/
.
Recovery Fault Isolation : Revcovery Page Fault Isolation

.
Point-in-Time Recovery : database recovery .
(2) Backup / Restore
Database
. Database Back-up
Dump
. Disk Tape
.Database Dump
. Database
Transaction
. Transaction Log Dump
.Database Transaction
Log Dump
. Incremental Dump
Log Device
. Database Dump
Database
. Dump Database Restore
.Database load
Restore
. Media Crash
. Single-User Mode
Transaction
. Dump Transaction Log Restore
Log Restore
. Incremental Load
.Database load .
. Database Restore
(3) Backup / Restore Flow ()
Time
5 PM
Tape1
10 AM
Tape2
5 PM
10 AM
Tape3
Tape4
5 PM
corrupt
|---------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|------------|---------|Create DB
Dump-DB
Dump-Log
Dump-Log
Dump-Log
Restore
Load Tape 1-> load Tape2->load Tape3->load Tape4
5:00 P.M
(4) Recovery
Adaptive Server Enterprise Automatic Recovery .
50MB
, Adaptive Server
Rollback Rollforward .
Sybase .
.
Restore
.
.
Adaptive Server
.
, (Dirty)
. .

. Adaptive Server
.
(5) Local Backup Server
SQL Server
database
client1
Backup
Server
(dump)
dump device
dump db ..
machine A
Backup Server dataserver install logical name SYB_BACKUP

,physical name
install
dataserver name_back default.
network name ASEname_back naming.

Syntax : sp_addserver srvname [, {local | null }] {,network_name}
) sp_addserver SYB_BACKUP, null, B_VIOLET(interfaces file define )
Database backup dataserver backupserver

(isql dataserver login SYB_BACKUPsp_who )
(6) Remote Backup Server
SQL Server
database
client1
Backup
Server
dmp device1
dump db ..
to ...
at machineB
machine A
Backup
Server
(dump)
dump device2
machine B
Remote Backup Local Backup Server Remote Machine Backup Server

.
Local Backup Server .
(7) Dump Device .
Syntax : sp_addumpdevice {tape|disk}, logicalname, physicalname [, tapesize]
) sp_addumpdevice tape, tape3, /dev/nrmt4, 300

* tapesize MB .
** : Tape Dump Physical Device Name Non-Rewind Device
.
10.2 Dump
(1) Dump Database.
Database Transaction Log Backup .
Syntax : dump database database_name to dumpdevice [at b_server_name ]
[, stripe on stripe_device [at b_server_name] ...

[with { blocksize = number_bytes,
capacity = number_kilobytes,
dumpvolumn = volume_name ,
file = file_name,
[nounload | unload],
[noinit | init]}]]
tape 1 database dump.

dump database pubs2 to /dev/rmt/0mn capacity = 2000000
with = init, unload
tape 2 databaes dump.
with = init
with = unload
database tape dump .

database tape
dump database pubs2 to /dev/rmt/0mn with capacity = 19000 , init
database dump
Backup Server:6.78.1.1: EXECUTE sp_volchanged
@session_id=8,
@devname=/dev/rmt/0mn,
@action={PROCED|RETRY|ABORT},
.
.
.
message tape
1> sp_volchanged 8,/dev/rmt/0mn,proceed
2> go
* capacity KB .
* init Tape Initialize Option Dump .
* unload Dump Tape Rewind Option. Tape Dump
nounload(default) Option .
** : Capacity Setting Size Tape Device Size
70% . 30% Overhead .
(2) Dump Transaction.
Transaction Log Backup.
Syntax : dump transaction database_name to dumpdevice [at b_server_name ]

[with { dumpvolumn = volume_name ,
[nounload | unload], .....
[noinit | init], .....
[truncate_only | no_log | no_truncate] } ]
* truncate_only : Dumping Log
Option .
* no_log
Dumping Log truncate_only Option

Transaction Log .
Log Device Full truncate_only Option

no_log Option .
Dump Transaction .
Dump transaction mydb to /devnrmt0 with init
Dump transaction mydb with truncate_only.
10.3 Load
(1) Load Database
Synatx : load database database_name from dumpdevice [at b_server_name ]

[with { [dismount | nodismount],
[nounload | unload] } ]
dump image option

) load database pubs2 from /dev/rmt/0mn with headonly
) load database pubs2 from /dev/rmt/0mn with listonly
) load database pubs2 from /dev/rmt/0mn with listonly = full
** note:
Database .
Load Database , Dump Database .
(2) Load Transaction.
Syntax
load
transaction
database_name
backup_server_name ]
from
dumpdevice
[at
[, stripe on stripe_device [at backup_server_name ] ...

[with { [dismount | nodismount],
[nounload | unload] } ]
) load transaction pubs2 from /dev/rmt/0mn
8 am
9 am
10 am
10:30 am
Later
Media
failure
Dump
Database
Dump
Tran 1
Dump
Tran 2
Create
Load Load
& Load
Tran 1 Tran 2
Database
* note:
Transaction load Backup Load .
Dump Database Dump Tran .
Load Database Load Tran .
10.4 Point-in-time Recovery

(1) Point-in-time Recovery ?
ASE11.5.x recovery .
(2) .
, database roll
forward .
(3) Point-in-time Recovery .
Data & log devices .
Truncate log on checkpoint db option .
dump tran with truncate_only log backup .
incremental backup .
(4) Point-in-time Recovery

. (
milliseconds .)
sp_who database log off .

( kill user process .)
database single-user mode .
1>
user master
2>
go
1>
sp_dboption employees_db single user, true
2>
go
1>
use employees_db
2>
go
1>
checkpoint
2>
go
error database transaction log dump

1>
dump transaction employee_db to /dev/nrmt5
2>
go
database dump load

1>
use master
2>
go
1>
load database employees_db from /dev/nrmt4
2>
go
database dump transaction log load. error

until_time option error transaction log load.
1>
load transaction employee_db from /dev/nrmt5
2>
with until_time = Jan 16 1997 12:45:59:650PM
3>
go
user database single-user mode .

1>
online database
2>
go
1>
sp_dboption employees_db single user, false
2>
go
1>
use employees_db
2>
go
1>
checkpoint
2>
go
10.5 Backup Miscellaneous

(1) Backup
1. Full Backup : Database backup Transaction Log .
Incremental Backup : Log Backup Transaction Log Backup .
Dump Transaction Log .
User database Backup : Full Backup 1, Log Backup 1 1

.
Incremental Backup 1 1 Full Backup

Log Log Truncate Log Device
master database Backup : Master DB Sever Level , Device, DB,

Login Backup .
(2) Transaction Log release .
Long transaction log space full.

Log space batch job log full
:
isql sp_who database log suspend full database
insert,update,delete .
:
process kill dump tran with truncate_only
batch program run log space database sizing
batch job . log space alter .
Open transaction logholding.

running dump tran log size
log full DBA databae .
:
select * from master..syslogshold
query results set log hold session
database , holding ,spid .
Transaction)
$user_transaction : begin transaction transaction.

$chained_transaction : ANSI chained mode transaction.
Cained mode program dynamic query user interface

Accept , Performance .
Open transaction log hold Transaction
,
Open transaction Transaction blocking
transaction kill dump tran log

release ..
LTM pointer holding.
$replication_truncation_point : Replication LTM Pointer.
Replication System LTM log replicate data
transaction release . Replication System
LTM log dump tran command log

release .
11. Monitoring & Troubleshooting SQL Server
11.1 Montoring
(1) Monitoring .
Server Process Monitor OS Utility .

$ showserver : running sybase server processes shell scripts
dataserver,backupserver default display other sybase server
showserver shell scripts processes edit

processes
monitor .
Showserver )
UID
PID PPID C
STIME
sybase10
3759 3758 80
TTY TIME COMD
10:37:08
0:56
/home1/sybase/rel100/bin/dataserver
-d/home1/sybase/rel100/devices/master.dat sybase11
1230 1229 80 5 17
17:11
/home1/sybase/rel110/bin/dataserver
-d/home1/sybase/rel110/master.dat -sSYBASE1
SQL Server Errorlog : DBA monitor ,

server check file.
$SYBASE/install Directory (11.x ver errorlog, 11.5.x servername.log).
SQL Server Start Fatal Error Kernel Error .
Server Monitor(sp_monitor) : Dataserver currents status

server cpu ,disk i/o,read/write .
)
last_run
current_run
seconds
-------------------------- -------------------------- ----------Sep 30 1998 9:45AM
Sep 30 1998 9:45AM
(1 row affected)
cpu_busy
io_busy
idle
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------24(1)-43%
0(0)-0%
packets_received
62485(2)-93%
packets_sent
packet_errors
------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------18(1)

total_read
15(2)
total_write
0(0)
total_errors
connections
------------------- ------------------- ------------------- -----------------739(3)
315(2)
0(0)
2(0)
Free Space Used Space
sp_helpdb
sp_helpsegment
sp_spaceused,data_pgs(), rowcnt()
* sp_helpdb db_name : Database .

* sp_spaceused syslogs : Log Log Device .
(2) Threshold Manager
Log Data space warning message Log Dump

. BDA .
last-chance threshold (log segment only).
Data Log free-space Threshold
log segment
free-space thresholds
last-chance threhold
data segment
free-space thresholds
Last-Chance Threshold.
Log Segment , SQL Server last-chance Threshold

Create .
Threshold , SQL Server

User Transaction Abort Suspend.
Errorlog Message .
sp_thresholdaction (system administration guide manual)
Free-Space Threshold.
Segment free-space threshold .
Syntax : sp_addthreshold database, segment, free_pages, procedure

sp_helpthreshold [segment_name]
)
sp_addthreshold salesdb, data_seg, 200, dataseg_proc

data_seg 200 page free space dataseg_proc .
(3) Database Integrity
Database Object Integrity Monitor
dbcc(Database Consistency
Checker) .
Consistency check VLDB site parallel dbcc .
Parallel dbcc ASE 11.5.x version command.
Parallel dbcc
worker process parallel .
mini lock hold.
standard output database integrity fault .
database .
dbcc procedure .
checkalloc checkdb .
Index consistency .
dbcc checkstorage Setup(manual )
sp_dbcc_plandb resource .
dbccdb database .
dbccdb cache .
workspace segment .
dbccdb workspace .
sp_dbcc_updateconfig target database .
sp_dbcc_evaluatedb setup .
Consistency Check
dbcc checkdb (db_name)
/* DB Object checktable
*/
dbcc checktable (table_name) /* Table Data Index Page Link Check */
dbcc checkcatalog(db_name)
/*System Table Consistency Check */
Page Allocation Check
dbcc checkalloc(db_name)
dbcc tablealloc(table_name)
/* DB Page Allocation Check */

/* Table Page Allocation Check
*/
dbcc indexalloc(table_name)
/* Index Page Allocation Check
*/
Recovery Database Status Suspect DB dbcc dbrepair

.
Syntax : dbcc dbrepair (database_name, dropdb)
Dbcc Memusage
SQL Server Memory .
- Output : Code, Kernel, Data Cache, Procedure Size Data Cache

20 Object Size. Procedure Cache 10
Query Plan Size.
-Output
Configuration
Memory
Parameter Total Memory Procedure Cache
.
** note
Data Table or Index 1
Read_Only Table 1
DBCC Object Shared Lock Exclusive Lock

.
(4) Resource Governor
Resource Governor system administrator :
ASE resource
resource limit .
Resource limit login application .
query ASE throughput .
Resource Limit
Enable resource limits sp_configure allow resource limits
Create a named time range sp_add_time_range
Create a resource limit sp_add_resource_limit
11.2 Troubleshooting
(1) Server Start
Server ip address/hostname .
ip/hostname sybase server start interfaces file
ip/hostname
(sybinit(11.x),dsedit
or
dscp(11.5.x))
Server post process .
netstat an | grep port ASE port process
process
server
port
server
port
(client ) port process kill or OS

reboot.
SQL Server .
00:00000:00000:1998/09/30 10:15:57.25 kernel basis_dlr

00:00000:00000:1998/09/30 10:15:57.32 kernel kdconfig: unable to read primary
master device
00:00000:00000:1998/09/30 10:15:57.32 kernel
kiconfig: read of config block
failed
server start message showserver server
process .
SQL Server (configure option) .
SYBASE,DSQUERY setting .
OS .
shared memory ,asynch i/o sybase server os kernel

.
Master Device Damage .
master database damage server start

. server start
sybase . master database server
start .
Buildmaster .
Model Database Recovery .
master database corrput .
start
message model databaes .

sybase enginner
buildmaster .
(2) Server Start Access
Password .
sa login login ,password .
Sa password start RUN scripts psa option server

start password .
Single-User Mode.
server login terminal shutdown server RUN script m

option server start.
User license full.

-
user server connection server

errorlog There are not enough user connections available to start a new
process message loging.
Master database full.
server connection master database master

full server connection .
User database full.
database space database suspend

.
(3) Database
Recovery .
sp_helpdb dbname database status .
Database status offline,suspend status

. long transaction server restart
transaction recovery .
.
User Database permission .
database permission
dbo user database access
guest user database database
.
Database Option single user dbo use only mode.
database recovery single user mode

database . database
Database 'pubs2' is already open and can only have one user at a time.
message master database sp_dboption pubs2,single,true
database checkpoint single user mode .
Database Loading .
Database Inconsistent.
database
database corrupt . server
errorlog corrupt
messaga .
database corrupt recovery.
(4) User Object
Permissions
dbo objects dbo or sa objects access
) grant all on tablename to username
Space
segment place object segment full

.( device Sp_extendsegment segment
.)
Inconsistency
table corrupt (errorlog) , dbcc tablealloc

recovery .
Locking
process objects blocking .

1>sp_who
/* SQL Server Connect */
2>go
spid
-----.....
6
7
1>sp_lock
status loginame ....... blk dbname

-------- --------------- ----------sleeping anna
sleeping robby
.....
....
0
6
salesdb
salesdb
cmd
------------SELECT
UPDATE
/* Server Lock */
2>go
spid
----1
6
locktype
--------------Sh_intent
Sh_table_blk
table_id
page
---------------- ------384004399
0
800003316
0
dbname
-------------master
salesdb
sp_who spid 7 blk 6 . spid 7

spid 6 lock .
spid 6 lock sp_lock .

table_id 800003316 Table Shared Lock .
** table_id Table Name System Function

select object_name(table_id)
) select object_name(800003316)
-> SalesPerson
** Table Name Table ID

select object_id(table_name)
(5) Process Down Hang.
System Problem(Using excessive CPU, paging).
OS bottleneck .
Vmstat ,sar ,platform specific monitor tools system resource monitor

.
Adhoc Query concurrency ASE hang .
online server test .
Multi engines down engine .
Multi engines server engine down

( engine abnormal down
server processes kill ) running
engines server . running engine
processes kill server start .
Long Transaction(cpu , i/o bound ) online server running

server hang .
Database corrupt loop.
dbcc check database .
12. Administration Topic
12.1 Data Management tools.

(1) Defncopy
Database OS File OS File Database (Definition) Copy.
Copy Definition.
Views, rules, defaults, triggers, stored procedure
Syntax : defncopy
-Uuser_name
-Ppasswd { in | out } file_name db_name
[objectname]
) defncopy -Urobby -Pplayball out deltitle.txt pubs2 deltitle
(2) Bulk Copy
OS File OS File Table Data Copy.
Table Index Trigger bcp in .
Datbase Option select into/bulkcopy True Setting .
Rule, Default .
Data Logging Page Allocation Logging.
Syntax : bcp [[database_name.]owner.] [view_name | table_name [:partition_id]] {in |

out} datafile
[-m maxerrors] [-f formatfile] [-e errfile]
[-F firstrow] [-L lastrow] [-b batchsize]
[-n] [-c] [-t field_terminator] [-r row_terminator]
[-U username] [-P password] [-I interfaces_file] [-S server]
[-a display_charset] [-q datafile_charset] [-z language] [-v]
[-A packet size] [-J client character set]
[-T text or image size] [-E] [-N] [-X] [-y sybase_dir]

[-g id_start_value] [-R remote_server_principal]
c Option : Data Character Conversion -f Option

. Option DB Data . -r. -t
.
f Option : Data In/Out Format File Option

BCP .
partition table data load partition ID .

) bcp mydb..ptab3:1 in datafile_1
bcp mydb..ptab3:2 in datafile_2
bcp mydb..ptab3:3 in database_3
A Option : Packet Size Option Default Packet Size 512 Byte.
Data BCP In/Out Packet Size
512 Setting.
Packet Size SQL Server Configuration Parameter
maximum Network packet size additional
network memory
J Option : Platform Default Character Set Character Set Server

. SQL Server Client Default Character Set
Server Default Character Set Conversion .
) bcp pubs2..sales out sales.dat -Usa -P -c -t, -SSYBASE

bcp pubs2..sales in sales.dat -Usa -P -fsales.fmt
Version
Number of
columns
Host file
column
order
Prefix Terminator
length
Server
column name
11.0
4
1 SYBCHAR
2 SYBCHAR
pub_id
3 SYBCHAR
pub_name
3 SYBCHAR
4
city
state
Host file
datatype
0
0
0
0
\t
\t
\t
\n
4
20
20
4
Host file
data length
1
2
4
Server column
< BCP format file >
BCP format File

Table Column OS Data bcp in
10.0
3
1
SYBCHAR 0
""
SYBCHAR 0
30
""
SYBCHAR 0
20
"\n"
pub_id
pub_name
4
state
OS Data Table Column bcp in
10.0
5
1
SYBCHAR 0
""
pub_id
SYBCHAR 0
80
""
pub_name
SYBCHAR 0
12
""
city
SYBCHAR 0
15
""
SYBCHAR 0
"\n"
state
Table Column OS Data File
10.0
4
1
SYBCHAR 0
""
SYBCHAR 0
40
""
pub_name
SYBCHAR 0
20
""
state
SYBCHAR 0
"\n"
pub_id
city
12.2 Remote Access
Remote Access Server Stored Procedure .
client
Server 1
Request
Response
Server 2
Request
Response
SQL Server
SQL Server
or Open Server
or Open Server
(1) Server
sp_addserver Local remote Server master..sysservers .
Syntax : sp_addserver srvname [, {local | null} ] [, network_name]
sp_addserver SERVER1, local

(local server name Server reboot .)
sp_addserver GATEWAY, null, VIOLET

( Interfaces File )
(2) Remote Login Mapping
Syntax : sp_addremotelogin remoteserver [, loginame [, remotename]]

mater..sysremotelogins Table Server Login Server Login
.
) sp_addremotelogin Server1, anna, anita
sysservers
srvname
srvid
....
....
Server1
syslogins
sysremotelogins
suid name
rem.svr rem.user
2
...
...
suid
anita
....
....
3
...
...
Server2 (local)
Server1 (remote)
1
.. .
3
4
sa
....
anna
robby
suid name
Server1.master..syslogins
1
.. .
5
...
sa
....
anita
....
sp_addremotelogin Server3
sysservers
srvname
srvid
....
Server1
Server3
syslogins
sysremotelogins
suid name
rem.svr rem.user
2
3
...
suid
anita
NULL
....
3
-1
...
Server2 (local)
Server3 (remote)
Server1.master..syslogins
suid name
1
.. .
7
8
sa
....
anna
robby
1
.. .
3
4
sa
....
anna
robby
12.3 Component Integration Services (CIS)
(1)
Component Integration Services (CIS) Sybase non-Sybase

database access . , Oracle DB2 database system
tables, views remote procedure calls non-Sybase data source Sybase
data source access .
ASE & CIS
ASE data source ( Sybase source) access CIS .
CIS data source (non-Sybase) access Extended Enterprise

Option .
(2)
remote server table access .
remote, homogeneous, heterogeneous server table join

.
select into remote server transfer

.

Component Integration Services OmniConnect option install .
sp_configure enable cis, 1 .
Restart ASE
external data source access Direct Connect server gateway
install.
remote objects access server configure.
12.4 Logical Process Manager
Logical Process Manager (LPM) , system administrator :
login, stored procedure, or application priority control .
login, stored procedure, or application control

.
priority 2)engine engine group task execution .
mixed-workload . , application
application .
13. 12.5
13.1. 12.5.0.1
(1) Device Resize
(2) ASE replicator
(3) Page size tool
13.2. 12.5.1
(1) automatic database expansion
(2) Dynamic listeners
(3) Dynamic listeners
(4) SQL Deriverd table(in line view)
(5) date time type
(6) database mount/umount
(7) job scheduler
(8) web Service for ASE
(9) cast(),len(),day(),month(),year(),str_replace,newid(),square()
(10) current_date(),current_time()
(11) expand database
13.3. 12.5.2
(1) statement cache
(2) encryption option
(3) backup password
(4) compression backup
13.4. 12.5.3
(1) cross platform dump and load
(2) top N
(3) getutcdate()

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1. ......................................................................................

1.2 ASE .................................................................... 12

1.3 ASE ........................................................................................... 17

1.4 ASE (Configuration) .............................................................. 19

ASE Administration Guide - 1

2.2 Mirroring ...................................................................................................28

3.2 Database ............................................................................................35

ASE Administration Guide - 2

(3) Database ........................................................................................................ 35

3.3 Using Segments ........................................................................................36

3.4 Data Partitioning ........................................................................................38

4. ACCESS (CONTROLLING) .............................................................. 43

4.2 System Security ..........................................................................................44

ASE Administration Guide - 3

(3) Guest, Alias .......................................................................................................... 45

6. BUFFER MANAGER ............................................................................. 52

6.3 Buffer Pool Sizing (Large I/O)......................................................................55

ASE Administration Guide - 4

(1) Buffer Pool .............................................................................................. 56

7. CACHE STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION....................................................... 58

7.2 Fetch-and-Discard (MRU) Strategy ..............................................................59

7.3 Joincount ..................................................................................................60

8. PARALLEL PROCESSING ...................................................................... 61

8.2 Parallel scan configuration ..........................................................................65

ASE Administration Guide - 5

9.2 Recovery .............................................................................................70

9.3 User Log Cache (ULC)................................................................................72

10. BACKUP ............................................................................................ 73

10.2 Dump ......................................................................................................77

ASE Administration Guide - 6

10.3 Load ........................................................................................................80

10.4 Point-in-time Recovery .............................................................................82

10.5 Backup Miscellaneous........................................................................84

11. MONITORING & TROUBLESHOOTING SQL SERVER ............................. 86

11.2 Troubleshooting ......................................................................................92

ASE Administration Guide - 7

12. ADMINISTRATION TOPIC ..................................................... 98

12.2 Remote Access ...................................................................................... 101

12.3 Component Integration Services (CIS) .................................................... 104

12.4 Logical Process Manager ........................................................................ 105

13. 12.5 ........................................................................... 78

ASE Administration Guide - 8

Multi-threaded Single Process

(2) ASE (DBA)

ASE Administration Guide - 9

(3) Database System Table

(4) Master database System table

ASE Administration Guide - 10

Recovery Master database Master

ASE Administration Guide - 11

(5) Stored Procedure

defined Stored Procedure stored Procedure Performance

1> <some SQL statements>

ASE Administration Guide - 12

:r file_name :file isql .

ASE Administration Guide - 13

ASE Administration Guide - 14

Stored Procedure execute .

** Utility Programs for UNIX Platforms .

ASE Administration Guide - 15

(2) Sybase Central

ASE, Replication Server, Adaptive Server Anywhere, ASIQ, NetImpact Dynamo

Connect, disconnect, server starting, server stopping, ASE troubleshooting