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THE COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF ARABS PRIOR TO ISLAM
The Sixth Volume
www.muhammadanism.org
May 20, 2007
Arabic

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[ Religions of Arabs prior to Islam ]

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Arbriged Edtion, London, 1947.
K.B. Tyior, Primitive Culture, I, p. 424, Ency. Brita. Vol., 19, p. 103.

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The Golden Bough, Vol., I, p. 222, Arbriged Edtion, p. 50.


H. Schimdt, Philosophische Wrterbuch, S. 551.
Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 10, p. 662, Art. Religion, Encyclopaedia of
Social Sciences, Vol. 13-14, p. 228, Ency. Brita., Vol., 19, p. 103, Friess and Schneider,
Religion in Varios Cultures, New York, 1932.
Ency. Relig., Vol., 10, p. 263, Ency. of Social., Vol., 13-14, p. 228.
Ency. Relig., Vol., 10, p. 663.

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78, Ency. I., p. 975, Zeitscher.fr Assyr., Bd. XIV, S. 351.

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Schmidt, S. 554, J. Wach, Einfuhrung in die Religion, 1941.

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All Father ]^B(" HowittE
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Howitt, Native Tribes of S.E. Australia, London, 1904, Making of Religion, London, 1898, Ency.
Religi., Vol., 6, p. 243



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Hastings, p. 299, Ency. Religi., Vol., 6, p. 248, Ency., Bibli., III, Col. 33239, Hebrew Lexicon,
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Ency. Religi., Vol., 7 p. 113.



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Glasser 554, 406-410, Halevy 63, CIH, Pars, 4, Tomus, I, Capt. I, No. 6, p. 15-9, II, 537-543, p.
257-300, CIH, 6, 45, 537, 538, 539, 541, 542, 543, MM, Altsd., 19, Rep. Epig., 3904, 4069,
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304, Margoliouth, The Relations, p. 67.
CIS, 7.
Margoliouth, The Relation between Arabs and Israelites prior to the Rise of Islam, p. 67.


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Ency. Religi., Vol., V, p. 894.


Enyc. Brita., Vol., 9, p. 202, Primitive Culture, II, p. 143, Waitny Anthropologie der
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Ency. Religi., Vol., I, p. 430, Crooke, Popular Religion, I, 179, Wilken, Het Animisme bij de
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Ency. Religi., I, p. 536, Taylor, Primitive Cultures, II, p. 193.
Ency. Religi., I, p. 432.
Hastings, p. 300, Ency. Religi., 7, p. 325, Ancestor-Worship.



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Hommel, Grundriss, I, S. 85.

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Reall., I, 310, Schrader, KAT., S. 434, Streck, Vorderasiatische Bibliotheck, VIII, S. 72.



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Johann Ernest Osiander, Studien ber die Varislamische Religion der Araber, in ZDMG., 1853,
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Arabien, S. 82, Reste, S. 40, Rychmans, 15.

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Anecd. Syr., III, 247, Rothstein, S. 81, Paulys-Wissowa, Erster Halband, 1893, S. 1281.



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British Museum Tablets, K3087, Smith, History of Sennacherib, (1878), p. 138.
Pritchard, p. 291, D.J. Wixman, The Vassal-Treaties of Esarhadddon, p. 4.
Schrader, KAT., S. 434.
Handbuch, I, S. 228.

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Ency. Religi., I, p. 662.


Handbuch, I, S. 215.
Grohmann, Gttersymbole, S. 71.
Ency. Religi., 10, p. 882, Handbuch, I, S. 20, 40.
Handbuch, I, S. 188, Ilmukah,S. 56.
Ilmukah, S. 55, Glaser, 1089, 1660, Halevy 208, N. Rhodokanakis, Stud. Lexi. II, S. 26, Glaser
1144, Halevey 353.
Arabien, S. 246.



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D. H. Mller, Burgen, II, S. 972, Nielsen, Der Sabaische Gott Ilmukah, S. I,


Wendall Phillips, Qataban and Sheba, 1955.
D. Nielsen, Die, Altarabische Mondreligion, S. 107.



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Hommel, Grundriss, I, S. 85, Altertumer, 1899, S. 28.
5
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Brgen und Schlosser, II, S. 20-22, Hommel, Sdarabische Altertumer, S. 30.
7
Rep.Epigr. 4921, 4963.
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Arabien, S. 244.



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Rep. Epigr., 3945, 4067, 4228, 4991, 4992, 4993, CIH 282, Arabie, S. 244.
Ency. Religi., I, p. 387, Glaser, Mitteilungen, II, S. 21.
Glaser 1602, SE 84, Ilmukah, S. 56, D. Nielsen, Neue Katabanische Inschrifttten, S. 14.
.ECe  8%@ Sdar.S. 22, Glaser 160.



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Handbuch, I, S. 237, Glaser 1395, 1604, SE 84, Rhodokanakis, Katabanische Inschriftten, II, S.
121.
Hommel, Grundriss, I, S. 140.
D. Nielsen, Katabanische Inschriftten, S. 15.
Handbuch, I, S. 225, Hommel, Aufsatze und Abhandlungen, II, S. 177, Ilmukah,S. 53, Oslander,
in ZDMG., Bd., 20, S. 282.
Handbuch, I, S. 225, Oslander, in ZDMG., Bd., 20, 1866, S. 282, Hommel, Aufsatze, II, S. 177,
Mordtmann, Himjarische Inschriftten, S. 27, ZDMG., Bd., 31, S. 88, Saba, Denkmaler, S. 258,
Fell, in ZDMG., Bd. 54, S. 250.

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Glaser 618, CIS, 541.


Handbuch, I, S. 226.
W. Fell, Sdarabische Studien, in ZDMG., Bd., 54, S. 238 (1900), Neue Katabanische
Inschriftten, S. 15.
Arabien, S. 245.
Rep. Epigr., 3616, Grohmann, S. 245.

 

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Winckler, Atorien, Forschungen, I, S. 528, Hilprech, Baby., Exped., IX, 51, 76, Ency. Religi.,
Vol., II, p. 165.
D. Nielsen, Mondreiligion, S. 42.
Handbuch, I, S. 228.
Handbuch, I, S. 228, Derenbourg. Etudes sur lEpigraphic du Jemen, Paris ; 1884, No, II.

 

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D. Nielsen, Altarabische Mondreligion, S. 41.


Littmann, No: 24, Lidzbarski, Ephem., Bd., 3, S. 292, Handbuch, I, S. 227.

.(A@) (493 /')  78


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Ency. Religi., 10, p. 883.


Arabien, S. 245.
Rhodokanakis, Stud. Lexi., II, S. 27, Ency. Religi., 10, p. 882, Glaser, 1089, 1660, Halevy 208.
Handbuch, I, S. 228, Hommel, Grundriss, I, S. 85, W. Fell, in ZDMG. Bd., 54, S. 231-259.

 

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Handbuch, I, S. 228.
Arabien, S. 245.
Handbuch, I, S. 218, Halevy, in Journal Asiatique, 1872, Tome 19, p. 152.

 

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Ilmukah, S. 68.
Hommel, Grundriss, I, S. 143.
Handbuch, I, S. 188, Ilmukah, S. 55, Hommel, Sdarabische, S. 22.
Halevy, 147, 148, Rhodokanakis, Stud., I, S. 57, 59.
Handbuch, I, S. 88.

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Handbuch, I, S. 104, Rivsta, 1955, Fasc., I, II, p. 109, Le Muson, 1954. Tome, LXVII, p. 118.
Rep. Epigr. 850, Rhodokanakis, Stud., S. 162, Mordtmann, Beitrge, S. 188.
Rep. Epigr., 4142, Arabien, S. 245.
Hadbuch, I, S. 104, 248.
Le Muson, 1954, Tome, LXVII, p. 103.
Margoliouth, Relations, p. 68.

 

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Ryckmans, in Le Muson, 1954, Tome, LXVII, pp. 100, A. Fakhry, An Archaelogy. Journey to
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Handbuch, I, S. 215, Glaser 299, Halevy, 237, Hommel, Grundriss, S. 163, E. Littmann, Zur
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Handbuch, I, S. 215.
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Ryckmans 16, Reste, S. 18, Arabien, S. 84. (V2 /1) :L$`  )N
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Hanbuch, I, S. 232, D. Nielsen, Studier over Oldarabiske Indskrifter, Kobenhave, 1906, p. 136,
O. Weber, Studien zur Sdarabischen Altertumskunde, in MVAG. 1917, S. 26-31.
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Histoire Gnrale des Religions, Tome, IV, p. 312, Prislamiq., p. 19.
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W. Caskel, Lihyah., S. 44.
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Histoire, IV, p. 312, Prislamiq., p. 19, Handbuch, I, S. 193.



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Arabien, S. 87, Reste, S. 14, Ryckmans, 16, Jaussen-Savignac, Mission, II, p. 395, 581.
4
Gromann, Gttersymbole, S. 71.
5
Lihyanisch, S. 44.
6
Histoire, IV, p. 312, Prislamiq., p. 20.
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Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta, II, p. 511, 515.
W. Caskel, Lihyan., S. 82.
Lihyan., S. 262.
Lihyah., S.45.
Littmann, Thamud und Safa, S. 29.
Ryckmans, Prislamiques, p. 19, Histoire, IV, p. 312.



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2
Reste, S. 67, Preilamiques, p. 48, Arabien, 85, Jaussen-Savignac, Mission, II, 501, 520, 528, I,
169, 200, CIS, II, 209, Daughty, Documents Epigraphiques, p. 38, CIS, II, 198, J. Euting.
Tagebuch., II, S. 262.
3
Lihyan., S. 45.
4
Prislamiques, p. 20, Arabien, S. 86.
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Lihyan., S. 45.
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Lihyan., S. 45.



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Starcky, Palmyre, 37, 80, O. Eissfeldt, 95, 101, Arabien, S. 87.
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JS 41, Lihyan., S. 109.
JS 298, Lihyan., S. 47, 154.
Lihyan., S. 47.
Lihyan., S. 47, JS 108, JS 116, JS 142.
Lihyan., S. 100.



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Lihyan., S. 103.
Lihyan., S. 143.
Lihyan., S. 46.



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Lihyan., S. 89.
Lihyan., S. 46.
Lihyan., S. 103.
Lihyan., S. 104.
Lihyan., S. 46.
Lihyan., S. 46.



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Hastings, p. 299.
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Wien, S. 70.
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Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 1951, Vol., I, p. 27.




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Littmann, Semitic Inscriptions, 1904, Montgomery, p. II, Cooke, North Semetic Inscriptions, p.
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Lihyan, S. 48.
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CIS, II, 97, 98, NSI, 79, Ency. Religi., 9, p. 22.
Ency. Religi., 9, p. 22.
R. De Vaux, Une Nouvelle Inscription au dieu Arabikue, ADAJ, I, 1951.
BASOR, NUM: 83, 1941, p. 8.



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Abraham I. Katsh., Judaism in Islam, New York, 1954, p. 108, f., J.A. Montgomery, Ascetic
Strains in early Judaism, in JBL., Vol., LI, (1932), pp. 183, Tar Andrae, Der Ursprung der
Islam und das Christentum, Uppala, 1926, p. 40, Chrales, Lyall, The Ward Hanif and Muslim,
in JRAS, 1903, p. 772, Sprenger, Das Leben, Bd., I, S. 45. ff.
Ency., II, 259, Barhebraeus, Chronic., p. 176.
Rhodokanakis, Stud., II, S. 40.




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Travels and adventure of the Rev. Poseph Walf, London, 1861, p. 509, R. Dozy, Die Israeliten
zu Mekka von David Zeit bis ins fnfte Jakrhundert unsrer Zeitrechung, 1864, S. 135.
Islamic Culture, III, 2, p. 190 (1929), Josephus, Antiquitate, XV, 3, 29, Die Araber, III, S., 22,
Talmud Babli., in Rosh Hashnah, 26a, Kraus, in ZDMG., S. 331, 1916.



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S. D. Goitein, Jews and Arabs, New York, 1955, p. 47, Die Araber, III, S., 16, ff., Corp.
Inscript. Iudaic., 2, 1952, 207, Nr. 1137, Driver, in Hebrew and Semitic Studies, 1963, 151, f.
Islamic Culture, 1929, III, 2, p. 191, Margoliouth, Relations, p. 68.



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1877, XXXI, S. 64. ff., Migne, Petr. Grea., LXV, Col., 459-637, Conti Rossini, un
documento, p. 710.
Alt. Kult. S. 148, Nallino, Raccolta, III, p. 133, Bury, History of the Roman Empire, II, p.
322.
Philostorgius, I, II, 6, ZDMG., 31, 1877, S. 65.



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Kidd, A History of the Church, II, 161, III, 429, Bury, History of the later Romen Empire, II,
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Ency. of Relig. And Ethi., III, p. 589, Franz Stuhimann, Der Kampf um Arabien, S. 12.



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Mordtmann, in ZDMG., XXXI, 1877, S. 65, Theodorus, Lector, Histo. Eccl., I, II, p 567, (ed.
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Chronik von Sert, II, 149, ABM, 22, Eduard Sachau, zur ausbreitung des Christentums in
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