bjhl kW KGikahd kL

bghJ tKiwf

bjhlf tFf
I-V

cUthf:

khy fa Muh g Wtd

brid- 600 006

FGjiyt

U. F. njtuh#,
aFe,
1

khy fa Muh g Wtd,

brid - 600 006

Kidt K. gHrh

Kidt v.fzg

iz aFe
khy fa Muh g Wtd,
brid - 600 006.

iz aFe
khy fa Muh g Wtd,
brid - 600 006.

nkyhths

U.. ghyRuka,
Kdh aFe (f),
ka iliy f tha,
J .
yhaf
Uk #ahthr,
jiyikaha (X),
nyo Mlh gk g,
nrJgL, brid.

Uk Ruh bfsjkh

m xUizghs,
T, milahW, brid

Uk b#a$,
KJfiy Ma,
nfa ahyah,
mzhef, brid
xUizghsf

Uk. g. <t,

Uk. f.R. rjh,

cj nguha,
khy fa Muh g Wtd,
brid - 600 006.

cj nguha
khy fa Muh g Wtd,
brid - 600 006.

bghUslf

a
v

jiy

gf
v

1.

bjhl kW KGikahd kL - X mKf

2.

frh kL

3.

f iz braghLf kL

11

frh gFf - kL Kiw (I V)

4.
5.
6.

tsu kL (m, M), bjhFj kofhd braghLf

kW juiyf (I V)
khWwdhfSfhd khWKiw kL

19
22
29

7.

bjhl kW KGikahd kLl brat fwiy

xUizj

39

8.

wghf bragLJtjfhd tKiwf

43

9.

izf

44

1. bjhl kW KGikahd kL - X mKf

bjhl kW KGikahd ko njhwK ts
FHijf Rik fgjfhf a f Kiw gntW Kaf nkbfhsgL
tUwd. 1986M ML cUthfgl a fbfhifahdJ bjhiynehF ghitnahL bjhlf
f a jhffis VgLsJ.
FHijf vjhf mQFgo gaikJ, midJ FHijfis g nrj.
14 taJtiu FHijfis g jfitj.

 midJ FHijfS nghJkhd fwyilit mila f juij nkgLJj.

bjhlf f iy FHij ika fKiw kW brat fw Kiwia gWj ntL.
jifa f thyhf FHij tsutsu mjDila mrh fw kW wf g _y
KiwgLjgLwd (Cognitive Learning).
nja MnyhridFG, 1993 Rik fwiy (Learning without burden) tW csJ.
nkY, njfis kLnk mogilahfbfhL fF KiwF Jbfhshk FUL kdghl br
fF KW itf tWsJ. mJl, fw kahf mika, fhy thF
gagLgoahf

UfntLbkd

tWsJ.

cikahd

vgJ

FHijf

thifia

vbfhSgoahd tFgiw NHiy bfhL Uj ntL.

nja fiyl 2005go (National Curriculum Framework2005) fiyl
nkgl ehF Ka bfhiffis tFJ jJsJ.
m)

g fwtiw btyfnjhL bjhlgL thifF

gagLgo brj
M)

fwyhdJ FUL kdghl brtij jj

ghljfF

mghgL

fF

thig

fiyl

VgLJj
<)

njKiwia bejik cilajhf mikj.

nja fiyl - 2005 bjhiynehfhdJ, Ma j khztfis jhnk kL bra

mjid mogilahf bfhL f KGikahd, guJgl bgUkhwij cUthfjf X mojsij
mikJsJ. KiwahdJ ML Wnjit ga mrij nghFtJl, bjhlJ khzt brJ
ff kl tbrwJ. nkY, vGJ njF mghgL bjhlJ fgjfhd fUahf
sF. khztf kdmGjfis Fiwf, nj Kiwf a fnzhl ttFF.
iwa

njKiw gjhtJ, gulhtJ tF khztfSF csarhj kd mGjfis

VgLJwJ. Mifah fhuzfha dhf, gilghw wf dhf thyhf khzt FUL

kdghlij nghF kLKiwia nja fiyl gJiu brJsJ.
FHijfSfhd ytr kW flha f cikrl 2009, ytr kW flha fia cW
brwJ. nkY, bjhlf kW cabjhlf g gY FHij v gia mQFkhW LF
mUY (access) jukhdjhf (quality) rkkhdjhf (equity) r_f cajh (Social justice)
mikj ntLbkd TWwJ. flha f, rKjha xWik TL thl Toa KG ts,
FHijfl VgLJtj thyhf eho KndwF ttif brwJ. FHijfSfhd ytr kW
flha f cik rl tUtdtiw cWbrwJ:
4

m)
M)

khztfl m, braw kW cshj wid tsj.

braghLf
cslajhf

thyhf

fwY,

FHijf

Muhf
U

kW

fFgo

fLofis
FHijfis

ikakhfbfhL Uj.
)

FHij gWbkh, jhbkhahf Uj.

<)

mr, ftiy, kdgh nghwit Rjjukhf FHijf

jkJ fUJfis btl brj.

c)

bjhl kW KGikahd kLKiw FHijf jhf bgw

mit

cztJl mtiw thifY gagLJj.

fiyl ko gF
fj kW fw f kL xUizJ fiyl Ka gFahf Ma
vthW fwh vW fngh vthW fwd vgij mt J Ka gF twJ.
fnghUila Kndwij msLtJ

tFgiw f fj fUf kW Kiwf vthW

gaDsjhf UjJ vgij ma cjwJ.

bjhl kW KGikahd kL Gstiw cslsJ.
frh kW f izbraghLfshd fsf
fngh KGikahd tsF LwJ
fngh gy kW gydij mofo btgLJwJ
fnghnu jik nkgL bfhS thfis mwJ
MaUF jkJ fj Egfis nkgLj njitahd }lij mtnghJ tHFwJ
fgt wikfis kL _y GsthW tsj
gyjugl ghlf vghfgL midJ fUJfis fW w bgWj ntL.
njitahd ms ghlf fwyil bgUj ntL.
jah Mtij fF Majiyia Vgl brj ntL.
cleyK gajU thif thj ntL.
gFns btna vbfhS NHfSF VwthW elJbfhL ilF
thfis gagL bfhSj ntL.
fwtiw btntW NHf gagLJj ntL.
jhdhf TLwthf mikahf ntiy brj ntL.
jh fwtiw jhnk gFgh brJ kL bra fWbfhSj ntL.

 r_f kW RWNH rhj ffis mUj ntL.

r_f kW RWNH rhj bralf gnfw ntL.
jh fwtiw jfitJ nkgL gyfhy gagLJj ntL.
Kakhdit
fnghiu bkJthf fngh, aghf fngh, wnfh vd tifgLJj TlhJ.
fnghiu xUtUl kbwhUtiu xL ngRj TlhJ.
fnghiu ga vkiwahd fUJfis bjj TlhJ.
bjhl kW KGikahd kL (CCE)
bjhl kW KGikahd kL vgJ, fngh frh kW f izbraghLfis
bjhlJ kLjyhF. khzt mrh fw, f kW f izbraghLf fhL <LghL,
Mt, Ka, xGFKiw, braw, MSik ts vd cl, kd, r_f rhj midJ TWfis
bjhlJ kLjyhF.

thW kLtjdh, fw-fj cs FiwghLfis fisJ

nkgLjyh.

bjhl kW KGikahd ko gf
fnghiu mogilahf bfhl kL KiwahF.
`bjhlJ vgJ fnghiu bjhlJ Fl fhy ilbtY kLj.
, `KGikahd vgJ fngh tsia, midJ iyfis bjhlJ cslajhf mikJs
kL KiwahF. J frh kL kW f izbraghLf midJ TWfis
csl KGikbgwjhF.
`kL vgJ fngh elij, kdghikfis msjj.
bjhl kW KGikahd kL frh kL kW f izbraghLf
thyhf kLjiy cslaJ
frh kL (Scholastic Assessment)
fngh mj, j, gFghj kW ghlbghUis gagLJ iyfSnfg gtif kL
cfis, Egfis bfhL fiylYs midJ frh

ghlf khztf fw

wfis gUt KGtJ kL brj.

khztf mrij nghFtjhf csJ.

 ghlbghUis WW gFfshf fJ Fl ilbtf kLj thyhf khztfilna

cs mrij kd mGjij Fiwf ttif brwJ.
gntW kL EgfisbfhL khztf fw milfis tsu kW bjhFj kLf
thyhf kLj.
clfia ca Kiw kLj.
f izbraghLf thyhf kLj (Co-scholastic Assessment)
khzt xUizj MSik tsia f izbraghLf thyhf Gs fsf kLj
thifwf
kdghikfS kfS
edy kW nahfh / xUizj clg
ghl iz braghLf

2. frh kL
frh kL vgJ, fngh mj, j, gFgh kW gagLJ wid kL
cf _y msLtjhF. frh braghLfis Utif

klyh. mit: tsu kL kW

bjhFj kL vgd.
m) tsu kL Formative Assessment (FA)
tsu kL vgJ, khztf fwiy frh kW f izbraghLfis gNHY
tFgiwY btna Ma bjhlJ kL brtjhF.

klhdJ,
fw eilbgWbghGJ br klhF.

 MaUF khztfSF ilna cs ilbtia FiwwJ. khztf gntW fw iyfis

(ghJ, nfL, brJ fw) Ma cWneh kL brj ntL.
khzt fwiy LtnjhL Maiu CFwJ.
khztf njitia milahs fhgjF, Kndw mila brtjF cjwJ.
tFgiw, fw braghLf kL kW fUJ gkhwF ttFwJ.
khztf jDl gY khztfSF fw cjj.
fhuzij MuhJ, mjF fhQj.
kL br neu be jikilaJ.
tsu kL vgJ UTWfis cslaJ. mit:
1. tsu kL (m)
2. tsu kL (M)

1. tsu kL (m) Formative Assessment - FA(a)

tsu kL (m) vgJ, khztf cshj wfis btbfhzu MSikwid
ma frh kW f izbraghLf

khztf <LgLbghGJ, mtf

jdht, Ka, <LghL, lhKa, xGFKiw Kja gfis Ma cWneh

kLjyhF.

tsu (m) braf thyhf fgtfSF fw cs Mt kW gnfwiy kLnk

kl ntL.

braf xbthU ghlgFY bragLjgL.

vbfyh FG braghL

bghUJnkh mbfyh FG kL brj ntL. Ma cWnehf kW ilidj

_ykhf khztf bragL Kiwfis kLj ntL.
2. tsu kL (M) Formative Assessment - FA (b)
tsu kL (M) vgJ, Fl ghlbghU/my khztf fwyilit ma,
thbkhahf/W vGJ nj thyhf kLjyhF. bejikf kL
gUt KGtJ,

gtif dhfis mikJ khztf fwyilit nrhf Fiwfis fla

Fiw fjYF ll JiztjhF.

klhdJ,
8

 Mauh eljbgW vGJ njthF.

Kj kW ulh tFfis ju w tF khztfSF mtutj jwid rhJ vGJj
w ntWgL.
ghlbghU fj eljbgW.
fiylgo ghlbghU rhjjhf khztf <Lghoid ikagL mikUF.
khztuJ fwrh tsia gUt KGtJ kL brwJ. tsu (M), braghLfhd
dhf khzt fWbfhl ghlbghUis gntWKiw Mj tif mikfgoUF. Mdh,
dhf gyjugljhf mik.

khztfS braghLfSfhd dhfis totikfyh.

mdhf

tUkhW mikayh.
m. dho dh,

M. isahL,

. Wnj

M) bjhFj kL Summative Assessment (SA)

bjhFj kL vgJ, khzt frh fwyilit vGJ nj thyhf gUt W
kL brtjhF.

kL, dhjh ltiugo fw nehffis btbfhzUkhW mj,

j, bghUsj, gagLj, gFjhj, kLj, gilghw Mat mogil mik.

bjhFj kL vgJ gUt W bjhFj ko thyhf khztj KGikahd fwyil
kL bragLwJ. J f rh klhF.
bjhFj kL mJbfhSj, JbfhSj, gagLj, gFjhj, kLj, gilghw
mogil mik.
khzt fw milF rhwF tif kL mik.
dh totik Kiw vGJ njthf eljgLtJ bjhFj klhF.
kL fhytiuaiwF cgljhF.
tsu kL (FA (a) & (b)

bjhFj kL (SA)

khzt ghlij fW bfhoUFnghnj eilbgW.

ghlij fW Koj dnu eilbgW.

Kiwrhj kW Kiwrhuh jik mik.

KiwrhJ kLnk mik.

gUt KGtJ ililna eilbgW.

gUt W kLnk eilbgW.

Fiwflj kW Fiwj neh eilbgW.

fw W
eilbgW.

bejik f fhy ms cL.

Fl fhy tiuaiwF eilbgWj ntL.

}l

mogil

tsu kL (m) & (M) - sf mltiz

tsu kL (m) FA (a)

tsu kL(M) FA (b)

fw khztfSF cs Mt kW
gnfig kL kL brj

fw khztfSF cs Mt kW
gnfnghL, ghlbghU milit kL brj

tFgiwF btna cns braghLf

mogil ff fwiy tYl
nkgLj eljgLwJ.

bgUghY tFgiwF cns Wnj tna

Ma fjiy kL bra FiwF t
fhz eljgLwJ.

khztfilna gKf jidia Ltjhf,

gyj ilfSF t mikgjhf UF.

khztfilna Tjidia o, Fl ilia kL

bgWtjF t mikF.

fod gFia vikahf ff khztfSF

cjwJ.

fodgFia khzhff Jbfhsiy ma

MafSF cjwJ.

izfw, j myJ FG braghLF

VwJ.

jbraghLfSF VwJ.

tsu kL - braghL mltiz

tsu kL (m) FA (a)
braghLf

tsu kL FA (b)
braghLf

ghLj

ca ilia njbjLj

bghkyhl

rah? jtwh?

gnfW eoj

XU brhf ilaj

fiy kW ifid bghUf brj

nfhol lij uj

isahLj

ghliy mowHhk vGJj

fij brhYj

mltizgLJj

brhtij vGJj

W dhfSF ilaj

dhodh

nkY gy braghLf ghlthahd ifnao

bfhLfgLsd.

f
(nkY gy braghLf ghlthahd ifnao
bfhLfgLsd.)

10

kL gkhzf

fw kL

fwYfhd kL
Ma fw fit totikwh.

Ma fw fit totikwh.
Ma khzt
uLwh

jufis

Ma khztuJ fw kil, }lij

(Feedback) totikwh.

Ma, khzt vjid fW bfhLsd,

vjid
fW
bfhsiy
vgd
g
KobtLwh.

Ma, khzt vd fW bfhlh vgjid

khwh. (khzt jh vtiw fW
bfhsiy vgjid jhnd czJ bfhwh).

fw

rhj

fw kL

knl fw
MaU khztU izJ fwiy cUthFwd.
MaU,
khztU
cUthFwd.

iznj

kil

MaU khztU iznj fw ts tiuglij

cUthFwd.

Ma
Uwh.

gahsuhf

beahsuhf

khztnu fw ikakhf Uwh.

khzt jiytf fwiy kL brJ mJ FJ
f brwhf.
khzt, jh fwtiw jkF wUF bj
tz brJ fhLwd.

11

3. f iz braghL gFf
jugLjgl msitf kW kL
xbthU khztid nkfl fsf jugLjgl msitfis bfhL kL brtJ mta.
thif wf & kdghikf kW kf Mat bfhLfgLs wfis
kL brJ, ju tHFtjfhd sf FpLf mltiz III- bfhLfgld.
edy, nahfh, KG clg nghwtiw kL brJ, ju tHFtjfhd totik
jbfd j ghl bfhLfgl csJ.
f iz braghLfis kL brtjfhd IJ iy juf mltiz II- bfhLfgLsJ.
jfhd jufS, fUJ FfS kbg kW ju gntoY, khzt u gntoY g
bragl ntL.
kofhd braKiw
f iz braghLf midij kl wj tKiw cWnehf MF. VnjD xU NH
cWnehaij kLnk bfhL cWnehfyhdJ kL bra TlhJ. khztf isahL bghGJ,
FG bragL bghGJ, tFgiw ilid nghJ cWneh klyh.

khztf

kW w braghLf mil bt, njhfis ifahS jid cWneh kl ntL.

1. thifwf
2. kdghikfS, kfS
3. edy, nahfh, KG clg
4. f iz braghLf
1. thifwf
xUt cl, cs, cz Matiw eyKl itJ bfhs cj wfns thif wf MF.
cyf ey Wtd thifwfis g tUkhW sFwJ. mwhl thif ffis,
njitfis xbthUtU wikahf vbfhStjF nekiwahd jidfis elijfis bgUj
aikahjJ. j bghUshtJ, FHijf rKjha csa wfis cshj wfis tsJ bfhSjyh.
khztl bghJs thifwfis kL btbfhztJ aikahjJ, njitahdJ MF.
thifw FlgLs gFfis kL ms FFnghJ nghJkhdJ, tYl njit vd
FgjndhL IJ FpL juiy msY (m, M, , <, C) kLj ntL. Ma ifnao f iz
braghLfSfhd thd kL FpLf jugLsd. XuhoF KKiw khztfSF juiyf
jugL.
12

gf FHijfSF thifwfis tsj aikahjJ. mbghGJjh, FHij clyhY /

csjhY eKiw f fW KG

kjdhf tsU. FHijf Ka thifwfshf bj

braglit:
jid mj
JJiuj & kWF wf
gFj wf
vzf gkhw wf
FG braf
2. kdghikfS kfS
kdghikfS kfS xU FHij jhU thif juij Uza br msLfshF.
y kf cshjit. mit X Mauh olglyh. w kf KDjhuzfis fhona
tsfgLwd. it FHij j kW mt KaJtij bghUnj mikwd. j
kdghikfS kfS bjhl kW KGikahd ko cslfgLsd. KGikahd fw,
r_f bfhiffshd mikahd xu, rKjha iy, kahij kW rjik nghwtwh
rhakhwJ. gf ytiw eh kL brayh. w gf (vLJfhlhf neikahf
elJbfhSj, xGfkhf Uj, ifL Kja r_fnfLfis vF gf nghwit) cshjit MF.
vdnt mtiw kLtJ fod.
cabjhlf iy, bjhl kW KGikahd ko totik fhQ gkhzfis
cslsJ:
nja kW khy muR rhghd dfSF kahij brYJj
ghuhljf gilik
w cfl m fhLj
muayik rl fis gWj
g kW r_f cs bghJbrhJfis ghJfhj
RWNH KaJtij czj
gntWgl r_fd gghLf, thifKiwf nghwtiw kJ VW bfhSj.
vyhtY jik wgh bfhSj.
rhiyf kW ghJfh Kiwfis filoj.
3. edy, nahfh, KG clg
edy, nahfh, KG clg rhj ghljf bfhLfgl brafSfhd mltizia
Maf ftdkhf gWj ntL. MafSF bfhLfgLs cl eyf jf
cs braghLfis cghf gWj ntL. nahfh, clg Matiw ehnjhW
Fj neu brJ gHFj ntL.
4. ghl iz braghLf
13

ghl izbraghLf xbthU FHij wikf, mtfSF Mt_lToa brf vd

tiw Rna cUthfgLwd.
ghl iz braghLfis kLtjF tiuaWfgl msitf mltiz 1- bfhlfgLsd.
mltiz
ghl iz braghLfSfhd sf FpLf
Ka
bfhLfgLs

lhKa
U

bjhlfhw

bjfUJ

VnjD

<LghL
xU

Kiwik
braghil

FpL

(m, M, , <, c) msL _y kL brJ ju Uza brj ntL. ghl iz braghLfis vthW
kL bra ntL vgJ ga sf Ma ifnao tHfgLsJ. khztUF Mo KKiw
ju mif tHfgL. ghl iz Mf TWfS VnjD xwid bfhL khztfis kL brayh.
i)

ehLwfiyf

ii)

ku isahLf.

iii)

kw braghLf.

ehLw fiyf
(v.fh) fuf, jghl, F, nfhyhl, TJ nghwit.
kurhj isahLf
(v.fh) nfh... nfh..., fgho nghwit
kw braghLf
ya wf (ya kw braghLf)
ma wf (ma kw braghLf)
r_f kW RWNH rhj wf (RWNH kwf)
rhuz & rhua, nja gRikgil, brRU rf, ehLey g l nghwit.
xU FHij jwikfis dfL ghuho w gnto FLj ntL.
ehbghUf, gidbghUf jahj, ija ntiyf (vuhl, ija, kf bfhL
bghUf brj), bghikf brj, ir fUf thj, _iff ga m, unfh nghwit
khztf jwikf mlF.

f iz braghLfSfhd IJ iy juf
(5) IJ ju
FpLfis
bgwt

(4) ehF ju
FpLfis kL
bgwt

(3) _W ju
FpLfis kL
bgwt

(2) ju FpLfis
kL bgwt

(1) xU ju
FpLfis kL
bgwt
14

juiy m

juiy M

juiy

juiy <

juiy c

KGikahd fwyfhd tfhL beKiwfgo, g khzt bgW midJ jkhd fw

mDgtfS thifw, rahd kdghik & kf, ed, ghliz milf nghwtiw VgL
tYgLJtjhf mika ntL. j fhuzkhf f iz braghLfSfhd kL fsf vyh ghl
fwYl gytiffY cssJ.
j thig gagL tFgiw xbthU ghl MaU f iz braghL wfis,
milfis kL brayh. bghUjkhd tufis khztf kL gntLf FJ bfhs
ntL. xbthU gUt WY tFgha midJ ghl MafSl To, fyJiuaho, mjdogil
khztfSF juiyfis tHf ntL. juiyf kbg kW juiy gnto g bragl
ntL.
f izbraghLfSfhd kL kW sf FpLf
khztDila wikfis msLtjF sf FpLf fhQ flf bfhLfgLsd. KGik
klhdJ khzt nghJkhd wid btgLsh; myJ tYl njit vgij btgLJtjhf UF.
khztDila midJ tsiyfS cWneh klgLwd. cWnehf KG gUtfhdJ.
khztf isahLnghJ, FG bragLnghJ / tF ciuahLnghJ xbthU khztD xU braiy
brjhdh, iyah (f braf, w braghLf) vd cWneh kL bragLj ntL.

f iz braghLfSfhd juiy kLj kW g br Kiwf (gUt thahf)

KGikahd fwYfhd tfhL beKiwfgo g bgW midJ jkhd mDgtfS khztfilna
thif wf, kf, edy, ghliz milf nghwtiw VgL tYgLJtjhf mika
ntL. j fhuzkhf f iz braghofhd kL fsf vyh ghl fwYl gytiffY
cslsJ.
j thig gagL tFgiw xbthU ghl MaU f iz braghL wfis,
milfis kL brayh. bghUjkhd tufis khztf kL gntLfFJ bfhSj
ntL. xbthU gUt WY tFgha midJ ghl MafSl To, fyJiuaho, mjdogil
khztfSF juiyfis tHf ntL. juiyf kbg kW juiy gnto g bragl
ntL.
Ma Gs sf FpLfis bfhL kL brayh.
1. thifwf

15

jid mj
jdif,
bjhlfhw

kj,
kahij jUj

jwik, Fiwfis NHYnfg,nekiwahf

mUj
KobtLj.

Ra Ko vLj kW
bjj

JJiuj / kWjw
bra
wl
njitaw
braf
anehFl
jid
iy
jidfLgLJ Mw
bjhLjiy
ehl
vj

atfSl vrifl
xj taJilatfSl cWahf
Uj fhykj njitF
zfJlD Uj
kL cj bgWj.

gFj jidw
FnfhS
btgL

wik

fhuz fha lghlhd

bjhlila
NHY
jid
tskhj jid

njhia
btgofshf
khW
jid
w.

fLghLl Toa braghL

br btghLw
Fnfhis neha bj

cW
nfgt

Fw ghuhJ fUJfis
tWjhj
gJ
bfhgt,
kdWahs
fUJfis Vgt

njitahd
clyirfis
gagLJgt.

ca

FGg
FG
gahWgt

KW w fUJF
bjhlfhw cilat
kggt

bghWft

FGd TW
fUJfis
wdh fUJis
nekiwahf vLJ
bfhgt.

2. kdghikfS kfS
nja kW khy muR rhghd dfSF kahij brYj.
nja kW khy
muR rhghd
dfis mj

xGFlD,
bghUis
Rju d, FoauR kl
a vD cz
jwig J eh,
bfhonawf jjh
btgLkhW
bfhSj
fyJ bfhSj
thij ehL elJbfhs.
giz ghLj.

ghuhljf gilik
vbghGJ
bghUjkhd
gfisna
btgLJj

brhY
braY
midtUF
kgj

r_f
edlijid
egfSF
cjgtuhf
tFY
mtf
btlfY
kdatuhf Uj.
btgLJj

dbfhS
iyY
g
iyUJ juhk
Uj

16

g kW r_f cs bghJ brhJfis ghJfhj

kdnghd
ngh
g
jsthl tKiw
<LgLtJ, rhu
rhjdfis wuh VgL bghJ
brhJfis
bghUfis Rtfis mjdh
g njitgLbghGJ kL fiy
gghL ghJfhg
nrjgLjhk Uj
brhJfis ghgLjhk gagLJj
ufis jLj
gnfw
Uj

rhiy f kW ghJfhig filoj

rhiy fis l isahL
gw
ghJfh
filoj

l bghUf
fis khf
if itffhUj.

rikayiw
rhjdfis
ghJfhl ifahSj

iyf
ngha
Kbdrifl Uj.

w cfl m fhLj
klD
nekiw
jidlD Uj

vKiwY
JWJK kw
mLjtUF KtJ jhkhf jhtufis
kufis yFfis cfis
cf iy UJ
L bfhLJ cjj
ghJfhJ tsf KtUj. JWjhj
gl
ghj.
Uj

RWNH kf
_W jhuf kukhd
gaghil Fiwj,
kW
gaghL
kW
kW
RH
g
mUj.

cf
gyjugl
tiffis, mtiw RWw
ghJfhf
ntoa is
mtaij J elJ mUj.
bfhSj.

RWwij
ghJfhf
g
khdh
nkbfhS
ikfis
eltoiff
KGikahf
gnfw.

RWw NH
rh
brfis
gug
njitahd
eltoiffis
nkbfhSj.

w iy neh KndWj
mila cfj yFfis xUtuJ gy kW f cz tkhf
jilfis JrnyhL }lij
Uzj.
gyd FJ mj.
rlD gf <LgLj. jho
bt nekiwahf VW
bgWj.
Kndw Kaj.

a muayik rlfis iyWJj

ekJ muayik
rl Kfiu
tFgiw
khzt
sfgLs
FHijf w cikf jkF cs ntWghLfis
mogil kj cikf
g mj.
bghWJ
bfhS
kW
flikfis
NHiy cUthFj.
g
KGikahf
mj.

f nghL UJ
rh,
rka,
kj
ntWghLf, ghd,
kj, bkh id
rf
jiyfhk
ghhJ bfhSj.

jkJ RWw
mik
R_fkhd
NH yt bra
Ka brj.

fyhrhu gKf jikia kj

a
fyhrhuY, r_f w kj, bkh
tHFfY
y Wghikdfl kahij
tskhd ntWikfis fhLj.
mj.

tuyhW wf ifid bghUf fyhrhu ff

lfis ghitLt brt
Mt JonghL
gF
Mt fhLj.
fhLj.
bfhSj.

17

4. frh gFf - kL Kiw (I V)

frh gFf
frhj gF j, My, fzF, ma, r_f ma, cleyf nghw ghlf
(Subjects) mlF. khztf frhj gF tsu kW bjhFj ko thyhf 40:60
vD j kbgf, ju mslhf tHfgLwJ.
kL l
tsu kL
tsu ko fyJiuahl, bral, brhngh nghw dw braghLf tsu
kL (m) (F(a))Mf mrh wikia vGJ_ykhf tsu kL (M) (F(b)) Mf kLj
ntL.
xbthU

ghlY gJ kbgfSF,

ehF braghLfis f,

mehfD wj

UbraghLfis bjbrJ, UgJ kbgfis g brj ntL. (2 X 10 = 20 kbgf)

tsu kL (m) & (M) ulil nrJ 40 kbgfSF g bra ntL. thW
xbthU gUtY 40 kbgfSF tsu kL nkbfhsgl ntL.
bjhFj kL
xbthU ghlY (Subject) gUt W bjhFj kL eljgLj ntL. J dhjh
l tiu mogil mikj vGJ njthF. mj, j, gagLJj tnwhL jidia L
dhfis cslajhf dhjh mika ntL. dhf fod jik vik-15%, ruhr 70% , fod 15% vwthW mikj ntL. dhf 60 kbgfSF kLnk cajhf jahf ntL. f Mo
xbthU gUt W xU bjhFj kL (SA) UF.
frh gFf kL mltiz
t.
v
1.

2.

gUt
Kj gUt

kL tif
tsu 1

m kW M

bjhFj 1

vGJ nj

tsu 2

m kW M

ulh gUt
bjhFj 2

3.

kL Kiw

_wh gUt

vGJ nj

tsu 3

m kW M

bjhFj 3

vGJ nj

fhy ms
#] Kj brlg
tiu
brlg _whtJ
thu
mnlhg Kj
org tiu
org _whtJ
thu
#dt Kj Vu
tiu
Vu W thu

kbg
20 + 20
60
20 + 20
60
20 + 20
60

18

clf gF (M)
frh ko xU gF cl.fahF. Ma clf ghlij kL brJ ju
kW kbg gnto Ff ntL. nkY jid khztf u gntoY Ffgl ntL.
clf ghl kofhd sf FpLf
cley jF

isahL
uUFa jikf

isahL fis jh bjhlfhw isahL myJ

gWj
kW
jlfs
f
clf Mt braw

cley ffhd IJ iy juf

(5)
IJ
FpLfis
bgwt

ju (4) ehF ju (3) _W ju (2) ju FpLfis (1)

xU
ju
FpLfis
kL FpLfis
kL kL bgwt
FpLfis
kL
bgwt
bgwt
bgwt

juiy m

juiy M

juiy

juiy <

juiy c

braghL kW juid g brj

1. khztf gUtthahf jhf Koj tsu koid (F (a) & F (b)) g br bghUL
frh bragntL xwid xbthU ghljfY (Subject) izj ntL.
m) xnth aY tsu kLfhd braghLf tifgLjgoUj ntL.
M) khzt tsu kL rhj koid Ma bragnto Fj ntL.
) wa jikila FHijfSF, tsu kLfhd braghLfis nkbfhSnghJ, ayh
FHijfSfhd csla f tfhLjgo gntoid guhkj ntL.
2. Vila ju kW kbg g br Kiw
gUtf njhW, Ma kL br gnto ju kW kbg FfgLj
ntL.
3. gUtf W eilbgW bjhFj kLfhd kbg kW ju gnto Fj ntL.

kbg gntoF gyhf ju kW kbg gntL vd miHfgL.

4. khztfSfhd fbraghLf, ghl cs ghlnjhL bjhlilajhf mikJ Ma ifnao

lbgWj ntL.
5. jf cs tsu kLfhd (F (a) & F (b) ) braghLf kL Fiw fj, w
wdhfSfhd fj nghw w braghLfSF kbg kW juiyia Maf,
khztfSF tHFj ntL.

19

6. f rhj braghLf xwhd clfia, tsu wDfhd braghLfS xwhf bfhSj

ntL. j_y khztf <LghL jik, Kiwikia filoj, bjhlJ bragL jik Kja wfis
jukL brayh.

5. tsu kL (m, M), bjhFj kofhd braghLf kW juiyf (I

V)
tsu kL (m) - sf Ff
<LghL
gnfw
bjhlfhw
bjhl ciH
Kiwik

jukoF khzt KG <Lghil gfig kL bfhs ntLnk ju, mtDila milw

kW braghL wikia fU bfhSj TlhJ.

khzt <LgL xbthU tsu braghLfSfhd btghL vgJ, mtdJ cshj wid bghUnj
mikwJ. Mfnt, khzt braghofhd il gntW tif btgL.

tsu kil kL brtjfhd sf FpLf jugLsd. xbthU khztDF jjahd

FpLf Fj ntL.

fgtiu kL brtjfhf, MaUF cjtif FpLf

cUthfgLsd. nkY, xbthU khzt fw glit brLKiw cUthfgLsd.

braghLf rahd il xnw vgJ iy. gntWgl ilf khztflUJ btgL.

fhgdtW tsu kofhd braghLfis njbjLJ bfhsyh.

ghl rhjJ, ghlnjhL bjhlilaJ, Maf, gf _ykhf gJiujJ, fw milf,

fUJU tsf, Fiw fw f, khW wdhfSfhd f.

ghlJl bjhlila izbrafshtd:

20

gilghw w, kdtiugl, eow, bghkyhl, jah M, FG braghL, cW

nehF w, fij brhYj, Mj w, btgLJ w, brhngh kW fyjh,
glbjhF, br uL, fsg, fiy kW ifid bghUf brj Ma ghlJl izj braf
_ykhf tsu njfhd FA (a) braghLfis mikJ bfhsyh.

khztfSF tsu kLfhd ehF braghoid bfhLJ, mj ehfD mtf wghf

brJKoF uL braghoid njbjLj ntL. mU braghoD mtfSila Fj
<LghL, bjhlfhw kW gfid flj ntL. mJl mtf kbg kW
juiyia khztF tHFj ntL.

ghl izfgLs khzt bragnto (vdh Ko, ehnd brnt, v gntL) xbthU
khztD (FA (a)) jh Koj braghoid gbrj ntL. khzt braghil bghUJ
wiy, eW, nghJkhdJ, Ka njit vd Fj ntL.

eLiy gfSfhd tsu kL

tsu kLfhd braghLfis ghljf UJ vGJtif mikJ bfhSj ntL.

Maf kW gfsh gJiufgl fw fj rhj f tUJ FA (b)fhd
braghLfis mikJ klyh.

ghl W bfhLfgLs kL TWfshtd:

o bjhFj kW ca ilia njbjLj
o Mj braghLf
o uidF fhQ braghLf
o Maf cJjyh cUthd M kW khf
o ca ilia njbjLj
o rah? jtwh?
o nfhol lij uf.
o brhtij vGJj
o mltizgLJj
o FWdh gf
o Lgl brhiy uj
o dhodh, fhQj
tUbjyh khzt wid flJ kL brayh.

1. tsu kil kL brtjfhd sf FpLf jugLsd. xbthU khztDF jjahd

FpLfis Fj ntL.

fgtiu kL brtjfhf, MaUF cjtif FpLf

cUthfgLsd. nkY, xbthU khzt fw glit brLKiw cUthfgLsd.

21

2. khWw bfhl khztfSF, il W, L gF tUif jj khztfFTl nkny

FLs braghLfSF izahf braghLfis cUth klyh.
3. xbthU khztDF FiwjJ ehF braghLfis bfhLj ntL. njbjLfgl mj uL
braghLf khztdJ <LghL kW gfid flJ, mj mogil kL brJ kbg
/ ju iy tHFj ntL.
tsu kL FA (a) gbrj
tsu kLfhd braghLfis Maf fhQ Utif gntLf gbrj ntL.
m. khzt bragntL
khztf ghl Kj gf izfgLs frh bra gnto khzt, jh Koj
braghoid mtf _ykhfnt gbrj ntL. mgntonyna braghL Fj juiy FpLfis
gagL, khzt bragnto cs Ffhd gF Maf Fj ntL.
m. w iy (***)
M. eW (**)
. nghJkhd ms (*)
<. Ka njit ()
M. Ma bra gntL
khztuh Kofgl braYfhd kbgfis Ma jkfhd gnto gbrj ntL.
ghlthahf ehF brafSF ca kbgfis (kbg 10-F) jj flf g brj ntL.

mltiz
kbg
10

10

8-9
6-7
5

juiy

sf

braghoid KGikahf bjthf, xGFlD Koj.

braghoid caKiw brj kW gilghw w
w iy ***
btgL tif Koj.
braghoid mthjKiw Koj.
braghoid KGikahf, xGfhf, caj Kiw kW
eW**
ftdkhf brJ Koj.
nghJkhdJ*
braghoid KG <LghLl Koj.
Kofgl ntoait braghoid iwbra ntoUjhnyh, <LghL njitglhnyh

Fpoid Lj ntL.
tsu kLfhd (FA (a) ) braghL sff mltiz

bfhLfgLsJ. tsu

kLfhd braKiwf khztf jjikF Vg khWgL. vdnt, vj bra khzt w

22

sJ vgjid mogilahfbfhL Maf kLj ntL. xbthU braghL 5 sf

FpLfis bfhL klgLwJ.

xbthU sf FpoF xbthWF 2 kbgf

mfgLwJ. mfkhf xbthU braghoF 10 kbgf tHfgLwJ. ko tifahf

xbthU tFF Ra kLw kW iHfis gFgh brj nghwit izfgLsd.
tsu kL (FA (b) )
gbrj
khztf jKila ghljf cs bragnto (FA (b)) tsu njfhd braghoid
g brj ntL.
khzt Koj braghofhd kbgfis juiyia Maf
jKila, kL juiy gnto g brj ntL.
(ghlF Vg Fiwjgr ehF gf Uj ntL)

mltiz
kbg

juiy

10

w iy ***

8-9

eW**

6-7

nghJkhdJ*

Kofgl ntoait

FpLf
braghoid KGikahf, neikahf, xGfhf, bjthf kW
Kiwahf KoUjh 10 kbg tHFj ntL.
braghL XuL jtWfSl KGikahf, Kiwahf, bjthf
KoUjh 8-9 kbg tHFj ntL.
3-4 jtWfSl KGikailj braghoF 6-7 kbg tHFj
ntL.
braghoid Kof nghJkhd j yhk L
mbraghoid bra Ujhnyh myJ 5F nkgl
jtWfSl KofgoUjhnyh Fiw fjiy khztF
mj ntL.

gntWgl tsu kL (FA (b) ) braghLf Fj bjthd sfgl bfhLfgLsJ.

jhkhfnt FA (b) braghLfis cUthf, mj Mf TWfis cth bfhSj ntL. xbthU FA (b)
braghoF

bfhLfgLs

sff

Koj

Ko

my.

khztf

fw

glit

cabfhStif Maf czl kl FA (b) braghLfis kLt, khztf jik

jhnk jtWfis gFghJ kL Kiwia nrj ntL.
tsu kL (M), tFgiw braghLf khztid brwiljjh vd ma wtadhf bgJ
cj.
wta dhf tiff

23

1. cik / bgh
2. r / jtW
3. M / iy
_W tiffS bfhLfgLs brhbwhl r, jtW vd kl khztfSF cjwJ.
bfhLfgl uL brhbwhlfS xU brhbwhl kLnk rahdjhf UF. khzt rahf
njbjLF brhbwhlf _y khztj wid kl Ma dhfis gagLjyh.
FWa fhy khztj milit nrhJ ma rah? jtwh? Kiw gagLwJ. Mdh
khztf mla bga FG goa msyhd dhfisnah Fl jiy mikj dhfisnah
Kiw (rah / jtwh) nfgJ khzt j fiy njhWwJ.
tFgiwfw Ko tifahd dhfis nfl vjhdjhF. nkY khztj jiy milit
v mJbfhs tif dhf fwj fUahF.

cik / bgh

r / jtW

M / iy

bghUJj

uLF nkgl ilfis bghUJ Kiw

gy bj dh

bghUjkhd ilia njbjLj

nfhol lfis uj

fUJfis tirgLJj

braghLfis tirgLJj

brhtij vGJj

FWa dhF ilaj

W dh il

fLiu got kW tiuglij uj

dho dh

Lfij kW f

fYF fhQj

gagLJj kW j braghL

w rhJ wghf tiuj

Fiw fj

bjhFj njfhd tfhL beKiwf

1. vGJnjit mogilahf bfhL khzt j kbgQ ju iy mik.
24

2. gUt W bjhFj nj eilbgW.

3. dhtotik cs mj, j, bghUsj, gagLJj, gFjhj, kLj, gilghw
Mat mogil nj mik. nkY, xbthU gUtF ca ghllij
mogilahf bfhL njid kL brj ntL.
4. njfhd dhf ghljf W cs dhf kL m, ghlf il cs
braghLf kW gf nghwtUJ nfl ntL.
tsu kL (FA)
40

bjhFj kL(SA) 60

bkhj FA+SA
40 + 60 = 100

kbg

juiy

kbg

juiy

kbg

juiy

37-40

A1

55-60

A1

91-100

A1

33-36

A2

49-54

A2

81-90

A1

29-32

B1

43-48

B1

71-80

B1

25-28

B2

37-42

B2

61-70

B2

21-24

C1

31-36

C1

51-60

C1

17-20

C2

25-30

C2

41-60

C2

13-16

19-24

33-40

9-12

E1

13-18

E1

21-32

E1

8 & 8- F nH

E2

12 & 12-F
nH

E2

20 & 20 -F nH

E2

25

6. khWwdhfSfhd khWKiw kL
fiyl vgJ xUtiu J bfhSj, gabgW tif mjid cyfnjhL bjhlgLJj vd
khztfis thifF MajgLJj MF.
f nehf, khWw bfhl FHijfS Kojs fiyl tiuaiwF tUwd.
FHijf m bgWtjF gntW thf csd. nkY, jF vj viy Uzfgliy.
Fl FHijf fwiy m cs FiwghLf mogil fU bfhsgLtiy. FiwghLf
msit bghUJ midJ FGijfS tF xnu fiyl mtut fF wDnfg
fwd.

khWwdahd xbthU FHijF jjik thj f l tHfgLj ntL.

jjik thj f l khWwDs FHij vij, vthW, vths ghlgFia ff

ntL vgjid TWj ntL.

kL jjik thj fl xU gFahf UF.

jJt fl ga F MafSF tHfgL.

bjhl kW KGikahd ko X mfkhf fh gntLf kL
bra VJthf tHfgLsd.

m)
M)

khWwDs FHijfSF tsu kW bjhFj kL brtjfhd tKiw ifnaL

khWt kL braghL goaiy kbg / ju msL goaYl izfgl ntL

kbg kW ju msL gnto fhgit l bgUF

bghJ kL
khWt kL

khWwf FHijfis kL brtjfhd tKiwf

I. brw FiwghL cilnah
brw FiwghLila FHijf, ngRnth brhtjid ftj rF uridfnshL ngRt
bjik kW ruskhf ngr ayhik nghw uridfsh Jwyh
bragLJtjfhd beKiwf

26

FHij kUJtuh gJiufgl fhJnfF fUia bghU

Ugjid cW brj.

kL

FJ

bfhsgljh
khztfSF
(Kf

ght,

FHijF

tHfgL

vgjid

Ma

iriff

aifahd

jft

cW

iriff,

br

brj

FHijah

ntL.

thyhf

aitj

bghUf,

glf

Ma
ntL.

myJ

ml

jhf _y a itj )

khW
wDs
FHijfSfhd
mtfsJ ftdij Ma <f ntL.

braghLfis

tHFtjF

Maf ngRnghJ mtf Kfij khW wDs FHij neuoahf ghgij cW

bra ntL. Ma th / Kf khW wdhF KGikahf bja ntL

Ma
fJbfhoUFbghGJ,
khzt
jj ntL. Vbd, bradh khzt ftd jW.

khWw FHijia MaUF mUnyna (1-2 l Jhu) mku brjh, mtf

irif bkhid ftf, vikahf ngRtjF thghf mik.

nfl, ngRj, brhyhw Kjat f csjh, kL

bra MaUF Fahd fhy njitgL

vGJ

braghoid

tsu kL (m)
cj njitgL gFf - ftj, ngRj braghLf
kofhd bghJ tKiwf
ftgjF Vw bghJ beKiwfis gWj ntL.
ngRnghJ FHij, glfisnah, bghUfisnah, Kfghtfisnah, iriffisnah gagL jkJ
fUJfis bjf CFfglyh.
tsu kL (M) / bjhFj kL
cj njitgL gFf
kL jh gagLjgLs bkhid J bfhSj.
v.fh. tirgLJj, gy bj dh, khW gf, FW / beL ilf
kofhd bghJ tKiwf

dh nehfij eF Jbfhs dhid kh mikj.

njitglh dhid thbkhahfnth iriff _ynkh nffyh.
27

II. ghit FiwghL

f ghitHnjh / ghit Fiwilnah
XlUJ knwhlF brtnj fghitHjh kW ghit FiwilnahUF
fod.
kofhd bghJ tKiwf

FHij ghitw nkgl cj fUfshd _F fzho, cUbgU fzho, nkir sF,

rhjs gyif nghwtiw khzt Kiwahf gagLJtij cW brj ntL

thbkhahf brfis jUtnjhL kL vGJ br midij thbkhahf TWj.

fghitHnjhUF buKiw nj el mjid mbrLJ, kL brayh.

IjhtJ tFFnk khztUF nj vGj g vGj xUtiu anjh f _ynkh

kil brayh.

ghit FiwnshUF cjtif ey btr, nghJkhd cUbgU Kjatiw mfyh.

konghJ Fahd fhy njitgL.

tsu kL (m) cj njitgL gFf

ghit rh braghLf
tfhLjf
Jizghl Ehf bu Ehnyh myJ bga vGjh mrofgl fisnah khztUF
tHFj ntL.
braghil
ga
sfkhd
tfho
Fid
mj
ntL.
myJ, braf tahf braghL ga sf jUj ntL.
(v.fh)
ifid
bghUf
ghit Fiw cilatf bragho vjhf <Lgl mtDF bf ngdh, khf ngdh
kW bf bg nghwit mj ntL.
ufsh czJ br ifid bghUf kW khf Matiw mtfisna bra
itj tuntfjf fw isit jU.
fFnghJ
khztfSF
clgY
khztf,
mtfSfhd
}lid tHfyh.
tiuj kW Fj braghLf khztUF xU glij bfhLJ, mj ghffis Ff brayh.
tsu kL (M)
v.fh. goj w kW vGJj wDfhd braghil jUj ntL.
28

bragLJtjfhd beKiwf

ca Kiwfis filoj ntL

goj kW vGJj braghLfhd f bga vGJfSlD, caj kl v

czuToa msF mikfgLs glf kW tiuglf nghwit ghit
FiwghLs khzt khzaUF njitgL.

ghit FiwghLs FHijfSF v khWgL fhL joj nfhLf nghl

VLf joj nfhol flf cs fj VLf njitgL.

III. _is KlFthj

_is KlFthj, y rhj Fiwghlhf UD, mFHijf, gogY, ngRtY, jft
gkhwY, FiwghL cilatfshf Ug. FHijf jgl njit kW gyid bghUj
kL mik.
kofhd bghJ be Kiwf

FHijf, xbthU bragho J mtf trnfw mkU

iynah myJ rahd

ehfhnah tHfgoUwjh vgij cW brj ntL.

btntW Kiwfshd cl mir, riP, jft bjhl sf milf _ykhf mFHijfis jft
gkhwF CFfyh.

ngr ayhj FHijfSF, khW Kiwfis glf, FpLf, vGJf kW thij milf
njitgL.

FHijf vGJtjF g, f, jft bjhl milf Mait mfgl ntL.

mtfSF khW vGJnfhnyh myJ bgnyh mfyh.

IV. fw FiwghL
fw FiwghL FHij thF, vGJ, ngR kW fzF nghL wfis ghwJ.
nkY fUJfis KaJtgo bjhFj, mtkhf tirgLJj kW caju wf
nghwt uridfis rg.
bghJ beKiwf

kL gfis Kof FHijfSF mf fhy mtfhr njitgL.

braghLf W W gFfshf fglyh.

29

braghil brJ fhJ Ko khia khztUF fhfyh.

vGJ _ykhf tHF Dhlijl thbkh kL khzt jh fwijg mf J

bfhs cj.

khztiu MaUF mUfhiknyna mku brjh njitglh khztUF njitahd cj bra

aY. njitgL cjia jl nfL bgWkhW khztiu Ma CFf ntL.

tsu kL FA (a)
cj njitgL gFf
bkhrhj braghLf, thj kW vGJ braghLf
v.fh. gokwf, fyJiuahlf, fijf vGJj, mfuKjg, Lghl
kofhd bghJ tfhLjf

bjhlfiy khztfis fyJiuahl fUid czJ, m <LgLj jah ntL.

khztf khW ilaF tiffshd thbkh iljUj, xg, tj, khf

cUthFj nghwtiw mDkfyh.

khztfSF ilF XneufY, yfF xJfgl neufY mtut goF

iynfg jffis gof mDkfyh.

tsu kL (M) FA (b)

Mju njitgL gFf - goj kW vGJj, xj, fj
v.fh. midJ braghLf
kofhd bghJ tKiwf

FHijfSF miuf tHf bgatf cj njit.

FHijf thbkh ilfis gbra xU g vGj njitglyh.

konghJ yfzij vGJ iHia fz bfhshk cbghUisna kLj

ntL.

njitglh khztfSF f bghia gagLjnth

thbkhahf

Twnth khztfis

mDkfyh.

Tl kW bgUf thghL goaiy khztfSF tHfyh.

fzFfis brJ ghf Fahd l xJFj ntL.

beLilfS nfia WW ilf ehL gy W dhfshf kh juyh.

30

V. kdts Fnah
kdts Fa FHijf ehnjhW thif vbfhS mDgtfS, jft gkhwK
fodkhdJ.
bragLJtjfhd beKiwf
kdts Fa FHijfSF vj xU braiy brtjF, mWjYF

il mgjF,

nghJkhd neu tHf ntL.

fwiy tYl njitahd lf lbghUf kW ghJ J bfhsToa

fUfis

tHFj ntL.
khztfl ngRnghJ va, tHfYs brhfis, iriffis gagL, mtf jiy ma
Twgl fUJfis UgTw brj ntL.
FHijf wiknfwthW va braiynah fodkhd braghoidnah tHFj ntL.
tsu kL (m) / bjhFj kL
kdghl brj, gFgh brj kW gKf braghLf mfyh.

nkY bris

xj, fyJiuahl, mfta dhf, fijjffis goj, kdtiugl tiuj Kjat <Lglyh.
bragLJtjfhd beKiwf
braghoid bra braKiwsf fw btghoF njitahd JizfUf njitglyh.
mfta bjhlghd braghLfSF Fl brhf, bjhlf Jizjiyf, tfhL dhf,
Ff Kjad njitgL.
(v.fh. gilghw w, kdtiugl kW mfta dhf)
khztf wDnfg ghlJl bjhlila Lghl tHfgLj ntL.
tsu kL (M) FA (b) / bjhFj kL SA
goj, vGJj( vGJTo) , fj Kja braghLfis tHfyh.

v.fh. uLF nkgl ilfis bghUJ Kiw kW a kW bga ilfis mj.

bragLJtjfhd beKiwf
FHijfSF Ffis goJfhl g goghs xUt njitglyh.
thbkh ilfis gbra xU g vGjiu afyh.
fbgh gaghL myJ thbkh ilfis mDkfyh.
Tl thghL kW bgUf thghLfis tHfyh.
31

 thbkh kW ghl rhj miufSF ghJ J bfhsToa JizfUfis tHfyh.

thd ilfSFa dhf a ms gFfgoUj ntL.
VI. w cyf jidanwh (Autism)
nfgdtiw gFgh br wyhikah jF FHijfsh mf ftd brYjnth
w TWtijJ bfhsnth ayhJ. ntWgl gy brf mla flisfis tfsh J bfhsnth
gwnth ayhJ. xnu xU br jha thaf kLnk tfsh J bfhs aY.
br gkhWt cs ffsh FHijf xU FG Kiy tFfnth, FGnthL izJ
brayhwnth foghf ayhJ.

bragLJtKiwwfhd beKiwf

FHijf jkF tHfgL braghLfis Kof bgUksyhd neuij vLJbfhthf.

thbkh il, gl tiuj, jlR, gl Ro fhLj, foj, brhf Kjait konghJ

mDkfglyh.

tsu kL
fyJiuahl, ghunkw, NHiyJ bfhSj, skhd brasf Ffis J
bfhSj, xU ntiyia bjhlJ brj, xU ntiyia btfukhf brJ Koj, ghunkW eoj,
gokw/brhngh, kdtiugl tiuj, wj Koila/ gyjkhd ilf juToa dhf Kjatiw
tsu braghlhf tHfyh.
bragLJtjfhd beKiwf

FHijfSF fzh ghJ Jbfhs cj bghUf, glf, brhyilf, briff

kW wthbkh bra sf Ff njitglyh.

clgY khztf kW w taJ tnjh JiznahL braghLfis brJ Kofyh.

kh xiw, Wiy Koit khztUFf fho, mtiu braghLf bra zf brayh.

gilghw vGJ, kdtiugl tiuj, wj Koila nff nghwtiw bra KaF

khztUF cjahf aikahj brhf, brhbwhlf, Jiz jiyf tfhL nff
kW Fl brasf Ff Kjatiw juyh.

32

xU braghoUJ kbwhU braghLF Kndw Ma l khztF njitglyh.

khW br gkhwfhd khWtfis Rofhl, bj brj, glvGJ, brh

milf nghwtiw gagLj mDkfyh

tsu kL (M)/ bjhFj kL

brasf Ffis JbfhSj, vGJj, kd xWF nkgl khfis itJ j,
xU ntiyia bjhlJ brJ Koj
vfis mLFj a / bga ilf mj, ilfis bghUJj Kja braghLfis
khztfSF tHfyh.
bragLJtjfhd beKiwf

FHijfSF Ffis goJfhl bgat xUt njitglyh.

Fiwj ms ftdjw VgL tz njf ngha fhy ilbt eljgl ntL.

thd ilfSFa dhf a ms gFJ tHFj ntL.

uLF nkgl ju msLf gagLj nelh xUneu xU juiy msL kLnk

gagLJj ntL.

fbgh myJ thbkh ilia mDkfglyh.

Tl kW bgUf thghoid tHfyh.

xnu khahd fzFfis bjhFJ tHfyh. xU khia jj wnf dhf nfl ntL.

33

7. bjhl kW KGikahd kLl brat fwiy xUizj

brat fw - fnghUfhd fw ts Kiw
jeho brat fKiwahdJ, FHijfSF gntW wfist sbjLF tifyhd
fiylij cslaJ.

brat fw jnghija totkhdJ, xbthU FHijF, jhnd fw,

clgYnth cjl fw, W FG kW bga FGl izJ fyJiuaho fF thig

bfhLsJ. fw <LgL FHijfSF j fiyl mogilyhd mit jjna flikJ
bfhtjF gntW fw bghUf cjwd. (fw milf, fiy kW ifntiyfhd
bghUf, jf bfhJ jff, jhnd fwYfhd bghUf, ma JizfUf) fw
<LgL mf msyhd FHijfSF fwiy btgilahf rahd ms bfhL nrgjfhd fw
flikng brat fw wghF.
bjhl kW KGikahd kLKiw cslFj
FHijf ikakhdJ, jhnd fw CFgjid cslaJkhd brat

fwiy xUizJ

FHijf fw iyia nkgLJtjF muR a Kaia vLJsJ. bjhl kW KGikahd

kil Vbfdnt jD bfhLs brat fwnyhL bjhl kW KGikahd kLKiw
jFj Kiw izfgLwJ.
gKogjfhd thf
bjhlf gf ghliy brat fwiy izJ bfhLgJ vgJ nkgl fw-fj
iyia cUthf thggnjhL, J bjhl kW KGikahd kL Kiw TWfis eilKiwgLj
cj tKiwf nH bfhLfgLsd.
a ghll mogil njitahd nrif, f, kW khwfis brj ntL.
jnghJs fw ts iyf, fw bghUf kW brat fwYfhd
mQFKiwf Matiw gFjhj ntL.
a ghll, wgF kW wf mogil fw tsiyfis flikj
ntL. ghlgFfis Vgof cs braghLfis njitahd lf izj ntL.
bjhl kW KGikahd kLKiwia izgjF ghl kW brat fw cs
fF thf kW braghLfis flJ, goaL fnghiu ikagL xUizf ntL.
ghl kW fw mil cs fwYfhd thfis braghLfis flJ goaL,
mtiw khztf Utif tifgL bjhl kW KGikahd ko tsu (m) kW
(M) xUizj.
34

Fj fhy bjhFj kLfis el fngh tsiyfis Kndwij cW

brj ntL.
gntW ghlbghUis tifgLJjiy fwiy kL tif Ma gfid
vnehFj.
brat fw khwf - ftfjf Ff
Kj kW ulh tFfhd Vgo _W kW ehfh tFfhd Vgo
izfgLsd.
brat fw milf vif bgUks FiwfgLsJ.
ghlthahf brat fw milfSF (tF thahf my) tzf tHfgLsd. midJ
ghlfY 17tifahd bghJ braghLf, dfSl tHfgLsd.
brat fw braghLFa df, v braghoid JbfhS tif mikJsJ.

xUiz mltizf
I.

gUt rhj/ goiy rhj gF FA(a) FA (b) braghLf

ghl/tF

II.

gUt

a/ jiy

goiy

tsu kL tsu kL
(m) FA(a)
(M) FA (b)

ghll tKiwf go, ( fw I /II dhjh totik rhj

bjhFj kL milia midJ ghlfY kLj

ghl/gUt

(III to VIII).

ghl af

gagLJj

wwf

wf

nj Kiw

nj Kiw

nj Kiw

nj Kiw

( w kL)

III. brat fw mil cs braghLf

1.

thif wf

thif wf

ghl

goiy

mil
35

jid mj
Jiu/ kWjw

gFj jid w
br
btghLw
FGg

1.edlij
kf

ghl

goiy

mil

nja kW khy
muR
rhghd
dfSF kgj
ghuhljf gilik
w cfl g
fhLj
g kW r_f
cs bghJ brhJfis
ghJfhj
rhiy f kW
ghJfhig filoj

3. f iz braghLf
w rhuh fiy kW ifid bghU braghLf njbjLfgL f iz braghLfshf
klgLwJ.
ghl rhj braghLf/ goiy/ mil
fiy kW
ifid ghl
bghU braghLf

goiy

mil

ghl rhuh clf isahLfis f juiy kofhf tirgLj.

36

8. wghf bragLJtjfhd tKiwf

Koiu
bjhl kW KGikahd kL tKiwf wghf eilKiwgLj kW gntLfis
ghJfhj - TWf.
bjhl kW KGikahd ko jJtf kW nehf, FA braghLfis tF
Utj, vthW FA (a), FA (b) kW SA tWl sf FpLfis gagL juiy tHFtd
(xbthU ghlF) nghwit MaUfhd flf jugLsd.
MtK <LghL cila tsika FG Maf, tlhu tsika Ma gWef, khtl
Ma g Wtd KJiy iuahsf, iuahsf kW tlhu tYefis bfhL ij
wj Kiw bfhL bryyh. mtfis itJ, khtl ms, Kiwahf kW fhythahf (khjF
xU KiwahtJ) brW fUJiu T cjtyh. kW Kiwahf MnyhJ bjhlfnyna wghf Uf
Mjhu tsfis mJ CFJ wgila brayh.
xbthU khtl
jiyikaha)

UF xa ms Mnyhrf

gJ gfSF xUt

Ugh.

( tlhu tsika Maf/ cj

tlhu tsika cs Mnyhrff tsika

Maf, cj jiyik Maf Mnah izJ mU cs gJ gfis itJ, ij eh wghf

vLJ brtjF mkjyh.

xbthU FWts ikaF xU ffhghs afgLth.

(Ma g Wtd KJiy iuahsf, iuahsf/ tlhu tsika gWef/ cj

bjhlf f mYtyf) xbthU gF xU nkghitahs ( jiyikaha myJ cj
jiyikaha) afgLt.
khtl ms caiy kW nkiy gf caf WtdfSl xizJ MnyhF
wDl Muh wfis tsf, bghUSl Toa fw izfis flikf cjj ntL.
izajs, mr, flzyhk cj br Wtd MatWl izJ tKiwf eljyh.
iz - 1 (vdh Ko (I can), eh brnj(I did))

khzt fw braghLf gntL

t. v

ghl

eh

ghl jiy

braghLf

Fiu

37

38

iz - 2

Ma kL gntL (kh)
ghl: j

t.
v

khzt bga

t. k. (m) FA (a)

10

10

10

10

t.k. (m)
FA(a)
bkhj
Total
20

tF: 5

t. m.(M) FA(b)

10

10

10

gUt: 1
t.m. (M)
FA(b)
bkhj
Total
20

t.m.
FA
bkhj

Total
40

bjh.k
.
SA
60

bkhj
kbg
Total
Marks
100

juiy
t.k.
Grade
FA

juiy
bjh.k.
Grade
SA

xL
bkhj
juiy
Overall
Grade

10

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

iz - 3

39

Ma kL gntL (kh)
ghl: j
tF: 5
gUt: 1
kbgQ juiy gntL (tFf 1-5)
gF - 1 (m) f f - ghlgFf
gUt I
ghlf
t.m.FA 40

bjh.m.
SA
60

bkhj
Total
100

gUt II
juiy
Grade

t.m.FA 40

bjh.m.
SA
60

gUt III

bkhj
Total
100

juiy
Grade

t.m.FA 40

bjh.m.
SA
60

bkhj
Total
100

xL
bkhj
Overall
Total

juiy
Grade

xL
bkhj
juiy
Overall
Grade

j
My
fzF
ma /
Niy a
r_f ma

iz - 3
gF -1(M) ghlgF - clf

juiy

juiy

jlfs/isaho w

jh bjhlfhw,
isahLj

Ml fis gw

isahL ghF

cljF

jlfs/isaho w

gUt III
jh bjhlfhw,
isahLj

Ml fis gw

isahL ghF

cljF

jlfs/isaho w

gUt II
jh bjhlfhw,
isahLj

Ml fis gw

isahL ghF

cljF

gUt I

juiy

kL tKiw: bghJ/khW

(kbg kW juiy gnto f izbraghLfSfhd juiyfis g brj ntL. J khzt u gnto totik UF.)

40

iz - 4
khWwdhfSfhd kL rgh goa
kbg kW juiy gntL
gF - 1

jft mil
fgh
f
fhbghUf
fh bghUj

gF -2

g vGj
F neu
bkh yF

gF - 3

khW dhjh
khW ghlbghU
khaikfgl fiyl
jah fiyl

fhuz ( khW kLfhd fhuzij vGJf.)

kbg kW juiy gntL (1-5 tF tiu)
gF-1 (m) fw btghL - frh gFf
khzt bga :
tF + :
gUt - 1
ghlf

gbt
:
tFgha :
t.m.k. (m)
(20)

t.m.k. (M)
(20)

t.m.k.
(m+M)
juiy (40)

bjh.m.k
juiy (60)

xL bkhj
juiy
(100)

j
My
fj
ma /
Niya
r_f ma

41

gUt - 2
ghlf

t.m.k. (m)
(20)

t.m.k. (M)
(20)

t.m.k. (m+M)
juiy (40)

t.m.k. (m)
(20)

t.m.k. (M)
(20)

t.m.k. (m+M)
juiy (40)

bjh.m.k
juiy (60)

xL bkhj
juiy
(100)

j
My
fj
ma / Niya
r_f ma

gUt - 3
ghlf

bjh.m.k
juiy (60)

xL bkhj
juiy
(100)

j
My
fj
ma / Niya
r_f ma

juiy

juiy

juiy

khW kL

bghJ kL

gF-2 f iz braghLf
gF-2 (m) thif wf
gUt - 1
juiy

gUt - 2
sf

juiy

sf

juiy

gUt - 3
sf

jft gkhw wf
JJiuj kW
kWj wf
cwf nkgLJ
wf
FGgf
kdbtG nkyhik
wf

gF 2 (M) edlij kW kzj

42

xGF Kiwia
filoj

Kid kW
Mt

Kiwia filoj

isahL rh m

gUt - 3

cljF

xGF Kiwia
filoj

Kid kW
Mt

isaho neik
kW fa
fhj g

cljF

xGF Kiwia
filoj

Kid kW
Mt

isaho neik
kW fa
fhj g

isahL rh m

cljF

isahL rh m

gF-1 (M) frh gFf - cley f

gUt - 2

gUt - 1

gUt - 1
juiy

gUt - 2
sf

juiy

gUt - 3
sf

juiy

sf

nja / khy muR

dfSF kgj
a muayik rlfis
iyWj
gtif gghLfis kj
cflJ g
RWNHiy kj
g / r_jha bghJ
cilikfis ghJfhj
kahij g
w iy neh KndWj
ghJfh / rhiy fis
filoj

gF - 2 () nahfh kW KG clg

Mnuha
kW Rfhjhu
nahfh kW
w
clgf
ju

ju

ju

gF-2 () f izbraghLf
gUt - 1

gUt - 2

gUt - 3

43

xGF Kiw

<LghL

lhKa

bjhlf Mw

Ka

xGF Kiw

gUt - 3

<LghL

lhKa

bjhlf Mw

Ka

xGF Kiw

gUt - 2

<LghL

lhKa

bjhlf Mw

Ka

gUt - 1

kw braghLf

ju

ju

ju

nH bfhLfgLs sf FpLfis bfhL khzt Koj braghoF juiey tHFj ntL.

Ka, bjhlfhw, btgLj, <LghL, Kiwikia filoj

khztf
btgLa
braw
___________________________

Mw

jw,

VnjD

xW:

______________________________________________________________________________
______

ML Wjuiy
ghl

ju

tu

bkhj ntiy ehf

My

khzt tUif ehf

fj

tFgha
ifbahg

ma / Niya

jiyikaha
ifbahg

r_f ma

bgnwh
ifbahg

gUt - 1

gUt - 2

gUt - 3

clf

nj Ko ______________________________________

44

xGF Kiw

<LghL

lhKa

bjhlfhw

Ka

xGF Kiw

<LghL

lhKa

bjhlfhw

Ka

xGF Kiw

<LghL

lhKa

bjhlfhw

Ka
ehLw fiyf /
ku isahLf

GsthW khztfSF juiy tHFj ntL

juiy Kiw
frh braghLf
frh braghLfSfhd
juKiw 9-goiy msL
(t.m.k)

frh braghLfSfhd
juKiw 9-goiy msL
(bjh.m.k)

frh braghLfSfhd
juKiw 9-goiy msL
(bjh.m,k)

kbg

juiy

kbg

juiy

kbg

juiy

37-40

m1

55-60

m1

91-100

m1

33-36

m2

49-54

m2

81-90

m2

29-32

M1

43-48

M1

71-80

M1

25-28

M2

37-42

M2

61-70

M2

21-24

31-36

51-60

17-20

25-30

41-50

13-16

<

19-24

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