TUDOR DINU

(1593-1601)

, 1568, 1591

Sisek.
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, - 25 2007.
29 (2008)

10

Tudor Dinu

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29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

11

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Giurgiu, . ,
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,
29 (2008)

12

Tudor Dinu

Giurgiu. ,
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,

Eger Mezkeresztes (26 1596),
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O M (1593-1601)

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Bathory .

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.

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Movil, .
. 29 (2008)

14

Tudor Dinu

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29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

15

,
.

,
.

, . , Nicolae
Iorga
P.P. Panaitescu
. , ,

. ,
, , .

, . , ,
.
, (1553- 1557),
, (
) . ,
, .
,
Aegidius Sadeler , ,
. , , ,
, . Radu
Popescu, Istoriile Domnilor rii Romneti, . Const. Grecescu, , 1963, . 53.
. . Hurmuzaki, Documente privitoare la istoria romnilor, Supliment, I.1, 1886, . 49.
. , , ,
, ,
(. . Iorga, Istoria lui Mihai
Viteazul, , Militar, 1968, . 19 ..).
. P.P. Panaitescu, Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul, , Corint, 2002, . 13.
. , . 1366, . . Legrand, Bibliothque
grecque vulgaire, II, 1881, . 229.
29 (2008)

16

Tudor Dinu

(9 1601) 43 1558
,
.
,
( ,
Balthasar Walter,
),
. ,
Radu Popescu
: , ,
, , ( )
,
Floci, , (),
,

.
Szamoskzy,
Grigorovici ,
, Floci,
, .

,
Maxim
(Basbakanlk Osmanl Arivi). ,

, (Be-Bn Mihl,
voyvoda-i cedid vilyet-i Eflk).
, rznmce
. ,
,
. Hurmuzaki, Documente, XI, 1900, . 797.
. Radu Popescu, Istoriile Domnilor..., .., . 69.
. I. Crciun, Cronicarul Szamoskzy i nsemnrile lui privitoare la romni, 15661608, 1928, . 20-36.
. Michael the Braves Appointment and Investiture September 2nd/12th, 1593 in
two unpublished official Turkish document, LEmpire Ottoman au nord de Danube
et lautonomie des Principauts Roumaines au XVIe sicle, tudes et documents, 1999.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

17

1589, Maxim,10

(1577-1583, 1585-1591) , - (an yed-i Banu veled-i Yani zimmi),
1588, Mehedini, . , ,

(un figliuolo che fu del Bano agente di questo Voievoda).11
Heidenstein
Zamoyski ,12
(Epirotae Ianii filius).
,
.
Selaniki ,13
.14
,
,
,
.

, ,
, , Trgul de
Floci,
,
, , .15 , , , .16
10. New Turkish Documents concerning Michael the Brave and His Time, Revue
Roumaine d Histoire XXXII, 3-4 (1993) 185-201.
11. Hurmuzaki, Documente, III.1, 1880, . 457.
12. A.T. Dzialynski, Collectanea vitam resque gestas I. Zamoyscii illustrantia, 1861, . 280.
13. Tarih-i Selaniki, Mehmet Ipiirli, . , 1989,
. 332.
14. Dan Simonescu, Cronica lui Balthasar Walther despre Mihai Viteazul n raport
cu cronicile interne, Studii i Materiale de Istorie Medie 3 (1959) 62.
15.
Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul . Iorga:
, (. 32).
16. . Andrei Pippidi, Notes et documents sur la politique balkanique de Michel le
29 (2008)

18

Tudor Dinu

,
. ,
,
,17 1586
, ,
, 1592, ,
.
, ,
() .18
,
.
, 1590 50.000
,
, (
[ ] ,
[], [ ]
). ,
(tyrannus maximus19), ,
, ,
, . . ,
,

. ,
.20

,
;

,
Brave, Revue Roumaine dHistoire , 4 (1984) 347 (Capitolo duna lettera scritta
in greco di propria mano di Mehmet Bei, altra volta Mina Voivoda, Prencipe di Valachia,
Correr , Cicogna, 3575, . 78r-v).
17. I.C. Filitti, Mama i soia lui Mihai Viteazul, 1934, . 7.
18. Mihail Guboglu, Mihai Viteazul n documentele turceti, Revista Arhivelor,
LII, XXXVII, . 2(1975).
19. Chronicon Fuchsio-Lupino-Oltardinum, Braov 1847, . 88.
20. Gh. T. Ionescu, Iane Banul i Actul din 24 mai 1603 de la Radu erban, -,
1981-1983, . 265 I. Minea i T. Boga, Iane Banul, 1934.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

19

, ,
, .
,
Trgul de Floci, . ,
,
,
.
,
homo novus,

, ,
. ,
( ), ,
,
- ,
Nicolae Iorga, .
Florescu
Pleia21 tefan Andreescu22 ,
, .
7 1593
,
,
,
,
, .

, .
, 1593
, ,

. , .
21. George D. Florescu, Dan Pleia, Mihai Viteazul urma al mprailor bizantini,
Scripta Valachica, Trgovite IV (1973) 141-151.
22. tefan Andreescu, Michel le Brave, les Cantacuznes et le Grand Banat de
Craiova, Revue Roumaine dHistoire XXIX. 1-2 (1990) 105-120.
29 (2008)

20

Tudor Dinu

, ,
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.
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( 1593
) () .
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,24
. , ,
,
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, . ,
. ,
Barton,
Bathory
.
,

, :
.
23. Greceanu, Genealogii documentate ale familiilor boiereti, . ,
1916, . 389.
24. ( ) ,
(Greceanu, .., . 388), ,
,
.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

21

,
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[] ,
.25 ,
(
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.

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(17 1593), (17 1594)

(3/13 1594).
,
, , ,
. , , ,

. ,
. -.
.

(Manta, Pan, Dimitrache), (Tudorache,
Pangratie, Coci, Statache),27 ,
25. Mihai Viteazul n contiina european, I, , 1982, . 65-67.
26. tefan Andreescu, .., . 107.
27. Panaitescu, Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul, .., . 70.
29 (2008)

22

Tudor Dinu

.

.
.

, ,
. ,
, , ,
. , ,
,
.
20 1595 Bathory.28
,29
(di natione greco, vilmente nato),

.30 ,
Cocorti, ,
(1583-1585), , .
,
. ,
.31

,
.
,
Turda .32

28. Mihai Viteazul n contiina european, .., I, .
87-97.
29. . tefan Andreescu, Boierii lui Mihai Viteazul, Restitutio
Daciae, III, 1997, . 368-372.
30. N. Iorga, Un izvor cu privire la Mihai Viteazul i Radu erban, Analele Acade
miei Romne, Memoriile Seciunii Istorice, III, . XII, , 1932, . 100.
31. 28 1594 (Documenta Romaniae Historica, B, XI,
. 56) vlastelin ,
.
32. I. Crciun, Cronicarul Szamoskzy, .., . 159.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

23

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1600 ,
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.

,
, ,
33. . Legrand, Recueil des pomes historiques en grec vulgaire relatifs la Turquie
et aux Principauts Danubiennes, 1877, . 38, . 154-156.
34. , . . Legrand, Bibliothque grecque vulgaire,
. , 1881, . 413-444 Demostene Russo, Studii istorice greco-romne, Fundaia
pentru Literatur i Art, . , 1941, . 165.
29 (2008)

24

Tudor Dinu

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29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

25

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, .36

Ostrog , . , 1585 , ,
, .
( 1591- 1592)

,
.
1596,
,
.
, Bathory, ,
,

. , Giorgio,
35. Filitti, Arhiva Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, 1919, . XXIII.
36. . N. Iorga, Sftuitorul Bizantin al lui Mihai Viteazul:
Mitropolitul Dionisie Rali Paleologul, Revista Istoric V (1919) 26-35 Panaitescu, Istoria
lui Mihai Viteazul, .., . 53-57.
29 (2008)

26

Tudor Dinu

. ,
, , (13 1597).37
, , ,
, . 12
1597 Armelin,
,
, .38 , ,
1.000 260
. . , , ,
,

.
,
.
(13
1597),
.39 ,
,
. ,
Cinzio Aldobrandini Alba Iulia, 27
1597,
,
,
.40 Lassota,
37. A. Veress, Documente privitoare la istoria Ardealului, Moldovei i rii Romneti,
. V, Acte i scrisori (1596-1599), 1932, . 59.
38. Mihai Viteazul n contiina european, .., I, . 155.
39. Hurmuzaki, Documente, XII, 1903, . 190-191.
40. A. Veress, .., . 63-64.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

27

,
2.000 ,
, .41
,
, , ,
.
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1597
,
Ballina, Giorgio
Sorkocevici, Cerven Sumla.42
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.
,
.43
,
.
(9 1598), ,
Trgovite,
,
,
. , 1598
,
,
. , ,
.
41. Constantin Velichi, Mihai Viteazul i Lumea Balcanic, Revista Arhivelor, 37,
2 (1975) 141.
42. Ion Calafeteanu, Octavian Nicolau, Contribuii la cunoaterea legturilor dintre
romni i popoarele sud-dunrene n timpul lui Mihai Viteazul, Revista romn de studii
internaionale 3-4 (1970) 179.
43. Hurmuzaki, Documente, XII, . 565.
29 (2008)

28

Tudor Dinu

,
(6 1598)
(28 1599
elimbr). , .
,
, ,
. ,

(con molto
desiderio desidera [] posi renunziarli questo Regno)
(ma tutta la sua mira e per andar verso
Turchia et far la sua sedia in Sofia).44
,
,
.


.
,
.45
, -
(
(= ) ) , , (ein gotloser
Man).46 , ,
. , ,
, .
,
,
.
44. Alba Iulia, 22 1599 Mihai Viteazul n
contiina european, .., I, . 324-325.
45. Iorga, Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul, .., . 28 Hurmuzaki, Documente, XII, . 653.
46. Hurmuzaki, Documente, XII, . 731 ..
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

29

,
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(, 2
1600). ,

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,
, .48
1300 , ,
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, .
.49
,
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. , 1600 , ,

47. Mihai Viteazul n contiina european, .., I, . 497-500.

48. , . , 1974, . 325.
49. Constantin Velichi, .., . 141.
29 (2008)

30

Tudor Dinu

50. ,

1600 . , .
, 15 1601,
(
).51
1603,
, , .
, ,
.52 ,
,
.

.
, ,
. P.P. Panaitescu,53
, .

,

.
, , .54
50. , . , 1974, . 327. ,
, , .
51. .
52. V. Golubev, Petr Mogila, 1858, . 179-181, . Panaitescu, Istoria lui
Mihai Viteazul, .., . 50-51.
53. .
54. . N. Iorga, Nichifor Dasclul, exarh patriarhal i legturile lui cu rile noastre
(1580-1599), Analele Academiei Romne, Memoriile Seciunii Istorice, II, . XXVII,
1905, . 184-185. ,
. t. Andreescu, Exarhul Patriarhal Nichifor Dasclul, Cneazul Constantin
Vasile de Ostrog i Mihai Viteazul, Restitutio Daciae, III, 1997, . 81-113.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

31

, ,
,

55. ,
56. ,
, ,
Skarga
.57
, 1598

1597

.58
,

.59
,
.

,
,
,

Brest 21 159660. ,
,
55. Panaitescu, .., . 190-193 (. Kojalovic, Nikifor velikii protosinkeli patriarhavo
Konstantinopolskavo, 1860).
56. Mihai Viteazul n contiina european, .., I, . 65-67.
57. E. Ovsiannikov, Konstantinopolski patriarh Kiril Lukaris, Novo Cerkask 1903,
. 115.
58. Hurmuzaki, Documente. Supliment, II.1, 1885, . 483 (
10 1598).
59. P. P. Panaitescu, Documente privitoare la Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul,
1936, . 86.
60. Athanasius G. Welykyj, Documenta Unionis Berestensis eiusque auctorum,
1970, . 251, . 397.
29 (2008)

32

Tudor Dinu

, 1607
Ostrog,
.

, ,
.
1598 ,
, ,
61.
(1590)

.
, Taranowski,
Halicz (paharnic de Halicz),62
.
,
.
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,
, ,
,
,
. , ,

,
.
1597, ,
, ,
, ,
(1597-1598).
15 .
27 ,
61. tefan Andreescu, Michael the Braves Relations with Poland: The mission
undertaken by the Spatharus Constantin Vorsi, Revue Roumaine dHistoire XXXII. 3-4
(1993) 203-219.
62. .
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

33

.63 ,

. , 10 .64
,
,
,
.65
, ,
Naima,
66. 23 /2 ,
.67
, ,
,
(
),68
(
,
, ).69

,
, (
10 1583 1584),
.70
63. I. D. Srbu, Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul, Timioara, Facla, 1976, . 260.
64. , Hurmuzaki, Documente,
IV. 2, 1884, . 223.
65. .
66. Annals of the Turkish Empire, . . Fraser, 1832, . 69-70.
67. Hurmuzaki, Documente, , . 299.
68. 5 1597, Mihai Viteazul n contiina european,
.., I, . 163-164.
69. 29 1597, . 164-167.
70. Mircea Pcurariu, Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Romne, 1991, . 456-459.
29 (2008)

34

Tudor Dinu

, Alba Iulia Bathory

1595, 1597, , ,
.
.
. ,

. , , . ,

, , 1591,

(1564)
.71
,
. ,

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,
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.
,
.72 ,

. 73 74 (
, , . 169 [] , , . 130-131) ,
(12.000 36.000
71. . , 1591, Tereza
Sinigalia, Mihai Viteazul Ctitor, , Vremea, 2001, . 6-7.
72. . Nicolae Stoicescu, Oastea lui Mihai Viteazul n Mihai
Viteazul Culegere de Studii, Redactori coordonatori Paul Cernovodeanu i Constantin
Rezachievici, 1975, . 75-112 . 95-100.
73. E. Legrand, Recueil des poemes historique en grec vulgaire, 1887, . 40.
74. E. Legrand, Bibliothque grecque vulgaire, , 1881, . 191.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

35

) .
Michai Viteazul,75
,
, .

Lello,
1599. ,
70.000 ,
,
.76
,

. ,
.
, .77 (Francesco Calogiera),
, , ,
15.000 Babadag . ,
(Michali aveva mandato un suo molto valoroso
capitano nominato Francesco Calogiera da Rettimo con 15 milla soldati a
Baba, dove accampatosi lhaveva prima svallegiata e abbrugiata con morte
di quanti Turchi vi si erano trovati, et con haver condotto seco la preda in
Valacchia), 159678.
,
Venier , ,
, .
75. Tudor Dinu, Mihai Viteazul, erou al eposului Grec, , . Humanitas,
2008, . 42-45.
76. E. D. Tappe, Documents concerning Rumanian History (1427-1601) collected
from British Archives, - 1964, . 126.
77. D. M. Pippidi, Andr Pippidi, Un capitaine crtois au service de Michel le Brave
Prince de Valachie, , . , 1974,
. 274-279.
78. 22 1596 Venier, Hurmuzaki,
Documente, IV.2, 1882, . 221.
29 (2008)

36

Tudor Dinu

, ,
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.
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( , . 1296).
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.
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. ( , . 1307)
( ...
) .
. , ,
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. 1312
,
1594
9 1601.
,

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(. 1-64) ,
Bathory
(. 577-582). ,
, ,
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( , . 1113) , ,
(
, . 824).
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

37

,
( , .
1144), (
/ , , , . 1145-1146).
(
, . 1112).


,
,
. ,
12
(Giuliani, , Bortoli) 1638, 1642, 1647, 1672,
1681, 1683, 1710, 1742, 1760, 1768, 1785, 1806.79
.


. , 15 1607 ()
Ostrog, ,
. , ,
,
,
. ,
. , ,
, .
, ,
.


. ,
79. . , Not introductiv i ediie critic Stavrinos,
Stavrinos, Palamed, Cronici n versuri despre Mihai Viteazul, Prefa i traducere de
Olga Cicanci, , Omonia, 2004, . 13, . 1.
29 (2008)

38

Tudor Dinu

,
Legrand (Harley 5573).


.
,
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(, , ,
).
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.80

( , 4.4, ,
5.1), (, , 4.4-5), ( , ,
6.10-11, , , 2.11).
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( , , 1.2, , 2.4),

.
(
, 2.2, 6.2).

. ,
( , 2.2, 6.2,
, 3.2, 5.2),
.
80. . , ,
, 14 (1952) . 59-65.
29 (2008)

O M (1593-1601)

39

;
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1600

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, , , 1989, . 189.
29 (2008)

40

Tudor Dinu

,
.


, . ,

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. 1597

, .
()
. ,
, , Alba Iulia Bathory ( 1595) (
1597), (
1598). ,

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29 (2008)

SUMMARY
Tudor Dinu, The Romanian Prince Michael the Brave (1593-1601) and the
Greeks
The present work constitutes a detailed study of the relations between the
Romanian Prince Michael the Brave (1593-1601) and the Greek world of his
time.
From our research it follows that Michael was the son of a Greek by the
name of Yannis the Epirot, a person of great influence in the Ottoman Court,
where he was holding the dignity of representative for the Romanian Lands.
From a young age Michael had close links to the Cantacuzin family that helped
him come to power, and to which he consequently proved faithful over time.
In line with his anti-Ottoman policy, the prince proved hostile to the
Greek elements subordinated to the Sultans power, but would offer, by his often humble means, his support for several Greek rebel leaders, plotting against
the Turkish rule (Dionysios Rallis Palaeologos, Metropolitan of Trnovo, Athanasios, Archbishop of Ohrid, Dionysios Bishop of Larisa and Trikala). Benefiting from Michaels help were also those Greek prelates that fought against
the attempted union of the orthodox to the Romanian Church, e. g. Nikephoros
Daskalos. Moreover, the Romanian ruler chose to send Greek emissaries for
several of his own diplomatic missions (to Poland and Russia). The need for a
temporary truce with the Turks to reinforce his armies that had been weakened
by wars, pushed him to resort to the mediation of some high orthodox hierarchs
fully vassal to the Porte, such as Meletios Pigas, patriarch of Alexandria. Also,
in the ranks of the Romanian Princes army the presence of Greek mercenaries
has been confirmed, though of lesser importance than the one of other subjugated Balkan peoples (Serbians, Bulgarians, Albanians).
Michaels victories against the Turks resounded loudly in the conscience
of the subjugated Greeks and led to the composition of two literate poems (by
Stavrinos and Palamedes) and of several folk songs extolling the supposed
liberator from the Ottoman yoke. In relation to these, in the present paper we
have analysed the reasons behind Michaels adoption by the Greeks as a real
national hero and studied the princes image, as depicted in the two literary
works.

29 (2008)

 29 (2008)