I

I
T
-
J
E
E
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e

M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
E
r
.
L
.
K
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
[69] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1.
49
Let 28 L log =
2
2
7 7
7
1
(7 2 ) ( 7 2)
2
L log log log = = +
7
1 1
2
2 2
L log m = + = +
2 1
2
m
L
+
=
2.
1
( )
2 2
a b
ln ln ab
+ | |
=
|
\ .
2
2
a b
ab
+ | |
=
|
\ .
2 2
( ) 4 0 ( ) 0 a b ab a b + = =
( , ) a b a b R
+
= e
3.
3 9 9
5 36 4 7
(81) (27) (3)
log log log
+ +
9
3 3
3
36
4 5 2 7
2
(3) (9) (3)
log
log log
+ +
3
4 2
2
(5) (36) (7) + +
625 216 49 890 + + =
4.
7 5 3
16 25 81
. .
15 24 80
log

| | | | | |
` | | |
\ . \ . \ .

)
28 10 12
7 3 5 4 3
(2 )(5 )(3 )
(5 3) (3 2 ) (2 5)
log


=
`

)
28 10 12
10 12 27
(2 )(5 )(3 )
(5 )(3 )(2 )
log


=
`

)
{ } 2 2 log log = =
5. { }
2 2 2
(4) 4 2 A log log log = +
2
2 4 5 A log = + =
6. ( 1)
lnb lnc lna lnb lnc
x x
lna lna
+ + +
= + =
1 ( )
( 1) ( )
ln a
x ln abc
=
+
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 x y z
+ + =
+ + +
7.
12 24 36
1 1
24 36 48
ln ln ln
abc
ln ln ln
| || || |
+ = +
| | |
\ .\ .\ .
12
1 1
48
ln
abc
ln
+ = +
(48 12)
1
48
ln
abc
ln

+ =
2
(24)
1
48
ln
abc
ln
+ =
1 2( ) abc bc + =
8.
x
a
a b x log b = =
Similarly , and
b c
y log c z log a = =
( )( )( )
a b c
xyz log b log c log a =
1 xyz =
9. Apply tan(90 ).tan 1 =
( )
89 89
3 3
1 1
tan( ) tan( )
r r
log r log r
= =
| |
= |
|
\ .
[
3
1 0 log =
10.
2 3
2 2 2 .... 2
n
a a a a
log log log log + + +
(2.4.8.16. ....2 )
n
a
log
( 1)
2
( 1)
(2) 2
2
n n
a a
n n
log log
+
+
=
11.
2
5
5 1 log x x + + =
2
5 25 x x + + =
2
20 0 5 or 4 x x x + = =
12.
0.1 1
0.1 0.01 0.001 .....
1 0.1 9
+ + + + = =

20
20
1
2 9 9
(0.05) (20) 81
log
log
| |
|
\ .
= =
Chapter No -9 ( Logarithm )
I
I
T
-
J
E
E
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e

M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
E
r
.
L
.
K
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
[70] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
13.
12
3 3
27
3 4
ln
a log a
ln ln
= =
+
3 3 4
3
ln ln
a ln
+
=
3 2 3 4 3 2
2
3 4 2 2
a ln ln ln ln
a ln ln
| | + + +
= =
|

\ .
6
3
2
3
a
log
a
| |
=
|
+
\ .
6
3
16 4
3
a
log
a
| |
=
|
+
\ .
14. 2 3 4 .... 2010
n n n n
log log log log + + + +
(2010)! 1 ( (2010)!)
n
log n = =
15.
numbers of solutions =1
16.
cos
(sin ) 2
x
log x >
sin 0 ; 0 cos 1 x x > < < .... (i)
2
cos cos
(sin ) (cos )
x x
log x log x >
2
sin (cos ) x x s
2
sin 1 sin 0 x x + s
2
sin sin 1 0 x x + s
1 5 1 5
sin
2 2
x
+
s s ....(ii)
from condition (i) and (ii)
5 1
0 sin
2
x

< s
17.
1
2
(sin ) 0 ; [0, 4 ] log x x > e
1/ 2 1/ 2
sin 0 (sin ) 1 x log x log > >
sin 0 and sin 1 x x > <
0 sin 1 x < <
Now , values of x which are integral multiples of
3 9 11
, , ,
4 4 4 4 4

=
18. ( )
2
0.5 0.5
( 6 12) 2 0.5 log x x log + >
2
0.5 0.5
( 6 12) (4) log x x log + >
2
0 6 12 4 x x < + s
2 2
6 12 0 and 6 8 0 x x x x + > + s
2
( 3) 3 0 and ( 2)( 4) 0 x x x + > s
| | 2, 4 x e
19.
2
( 1)
2 ( 5)
log x
x

> +
1 0 and 5 0 x x > + > ....(i)
2
2 ( 1)
( 2) ( 5)
log x
x

> +
2 2
( 1) ( 5) 3 4 0 x x x x > + >
1 or 4 x x < > ....(ii)
from (i) and (ii) , (4, ) xe
20.
0.2
2
1
x
log
x
+ | |
s
|
\ .
0.2 0.2
2 1
5
x
log log
x
+ | | | |
s
| |
\ . \ .
2 2 1
0 and
5
x x
x x
+ +
> >
4 10
0
x
x
+
>
5
, (0, )
2
x
| (
e

(
\
21.
2
2 2
1 1
2 2
x x
| | | |
<
| |
\ . \ .
2
2 2 x x >
2
2 2 0 x x >
( , 1 3) (1 3, ) x e +
22.
2
5
0
4
x
x x
log
| |

>
|
|
\ .
Case (i)
2
5
0 1 and 0
4
x x
x

< < > ....(i)
2
5
1
4
x x
x x
log log
| |

>
|
|
\ .
I
I
T
-
J
E
E
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e

M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
E
r
.
L
.
K
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
[71] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
2
2
5
1 5 4 0
4
x x
x x

s + >
( , 1] [4, ) x e ....(ii)
from (i) and (ii) , (0, 1) xe
Case (ii)
2
5
1 and 0
4
x x
x

> > ....(iii)
2
5
1
4
x x
x x
log log
| |

>
|
|
\ .
2
5
1
4
x x
>
2
5 4 0 x x + s
[1, 4] x e ....(iv)
from (iii) and (iv) , (1, 4] xe
From case (i) and (ii) , (0, 4] {1} xe .
23.
2 2
96 12
24 192
2 2
log log
log log

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
24 96 192 12 log log log log
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
1 12 96 1 96 12 log log log log + +
( ) ( )
2 2 2
96 12 96 log log log +
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
12 12 96 log log log
2 2 2
96 12 8 3 log log log = =
24.
3 3 3
7
2 (2 5) 2 2
2
x x
log log log
| |
= +
|
\ .
2
7
(2 5) 2 2
2
x x
| |
=
|
\ .
2
2 10(2 ) 25 2(2 ) 7
x x x
+ =
2
2 12(2 ) 32 0
x x
+ =
(2 4)(2 8) 0
x x
=
2 4 or 8
x
=
2 or 3 x =
for
3
2, (2 5)
x
x log = is not defined
3 x =
is only applicable value.
25. ( )
2
27
; 0
2 6
x
log log x
x
| |
| |
= =
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
27
9
2 6
x
x = =
26.
3
3
Let , 3 ( )
x
log
log x y x = =
2
1
3 5
2
4 4
( ) ( )
y y
y
x x
+
=
2
3 5 1
0
4 4 2
y y
y
+ =
3 2
3 4 5 2 0, 0 y y y y + = =
( 1)( 2)(3 1) 0 y y y + + =
3
3
1 1 1
1, 2, 3, ,
3 9 3
log x x = =
27.
2 2
8
( 15 ) ( 2)
2
ax
ln x a ln a ln
a
| |
+ =
|

\ .
9 x=
satisfy the above equation
2
72
(81 15 ) ( 2)
2
a
ln a ln a ln
a
| |
+ =
|

\ .
2
81 15 72
( 2)
2 ( 2)
a a
a
a a
+
= =


2
15 72 81 0 a a + =
( 3)(5 9) 0 a a =
2, 3 a a > = is applicable value of 'a'.
New
2
24
( 15(9)) (1)
1
x
ln x log log
| |
+ =
|
\ .
2
15(9) 24 0 x x + =
( 9)( 15) 0 x x =
15 x =
is other solution.
28.
20
3 p log =
If p is rational number , then
20
3 , log

= where
, {0} I e
(20) 3 (20) (3)

= =
Now , (20) (3)

= because non-zero even number is
never equal to non-zero odd number
p is irrational number. .
1 20 4 5
1 1
3 3 3
log log log
p log log log

= = + > +
`
)
1 1
2
2
p
p
> <
....(i)
Now
1 20 20
3. 3
3 27
log log
p log log
= = <
I
I
T
-
J
E
E
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e

M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
E
r
.
L
.
K
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
[72] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1 1
3
3
p
p
< > ....(ii)
from (i) and (ii) p lies in
1 1
,
3 2
| |
|
\ .
29. If ( )
2
10 10
1, 2 3 0 x log x log x = =
( )( )
10 10
3 1 0 log x log x + =
10
3; 1 log x =
1
1000,
10
x =
If 1 x= , then L.H.S =R.H.S
Similarly , if x =2 ; then L.H.S =R.H.S
1
, 1, 2, 1000
10
S

=
`
)
30.
2 2
2 3 (2 3) (2 3)
1 (2 3)
x x x
log x log x log x
+ + +
< < +
Case (i) 0 (2 3) 1 and {0} x x R < + < e ....(i)
2 2
(2 3)
1 2 3
x
log x x x
+
< > +
2
2 3 0 ( 3)( 1) 0 x x x x > + > ....(ii)
from (i) and (ii) ,
3
, 1
2
x
| |
e
|
\ .
Case (ii) 2 3 1 and {0} x x R + > e ....(iii)
2 2
2 3
1 2 3
x
log x x x
+
< < +
2
2 3 0 ( 3)( 1) 0 x x x x < + < ....(iv)
from (iii) and (iv) , ( 1, 3) xe
From the case (i) and (ii) ,
( )
3
, 1 1, 3
2
x
| |
e
|
\ .
3
, 3 { 1}
2
S
| |
=
|
\ .
31.
8
and 16
3
y x
log x log y xy = =
4 4
4 4
4 4
8
and 2
3
log x log y
log x log y
log y log x
= + =
4 4
Let and log x p log y q = =
2 2
8
and 2
3
p q
p q
pq

= + =
3( )( ) 8 and 2 p q p q pq p q + = + =
6( ) 8 ; 2 p q pq q p = =
6( 2 ) 8 (2 ) p p p p + =
2
3
2 3 0 , 1;
2
p p p = =
Now ,
3 1
1, 3, and ,
2 2
p q p q = = = =
( )
1
( , ) , 64 and , (8, 2)
4
x y x y
| |

|
\ .
1
, 64
4
| |
|
\ .
is not applicable because (1, ) xe
8 2 6 x y = =
32.
10
. . 5
6
( )
5
a a
log xlog alog
a =
{ }
10
.
5
6
( )
5
a
a
log xlog a
log
a =
( )
10
6
5
5
log x
=
( )
10 100 4
2
10 3 (9)
x
log
log x log

| |
+ |
\ . = +
( )
( )
10
10
1 1
2
1
2 2
3 (3)
log x
log x

| |
+
|

\ .
= +
( )
( )
10
10
1
3
3
3
log x
log x

+
= +
( )
( ) ( )
10
10 10
3 10
3 3 3
3 3
log x
log x log x
= + =
If 0 = , then =
( ) ( )
10 10
6 10
5 3
5 3
log x log x
=
10
5 25
100 5
3 9 4
log x
x
x
| |
= = =
|
\ .
33.
2
2 3 4
sin .sin .sin .sin
5 5 5 5
M log
| |
=
|
\ .
2
4 2 3
sin .sin .sin .sin
5 5 5 5
M log
| |
=
|
\ .
2 2
2
2
sin .sin
5 5
M log
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) sin( ) sin =
2
1 2 4
1 cos 1 cos
4 5 5
M log
| | | || |
=
| | |
\ .\ . \ .
( )( ) ( )
2
1 cos72 1 cos144 2 M log =
( )( ) ( )
2
1 sin18 1 cos36 2 log = +
I
I
T
-
J
E
E
O
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e

M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
E
r
.
L
.
K
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
[73] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
2
5 1 5 1
1 1 2
4 4
log
| || |
+
= +
| | `
| |
\ .\ . )
2 2
20
2 5 4
6
M log log
| |
= =
|
\ .
2
5 4
2
4 5 (2) (2) 5
log M
M log
+
+ = = =
34. Let
( ) ( ) ( )
lna lnb lnc
y z z x x y
= = =

( )
( )
y z
ln a y z a e

= =
Similarly ,
( ) ( )
and
z x x y
b e c e

= =
2 2 2 2 2 2
Let ( ) .( ) .( )
y yz z z zx x x xy y
x a b c
+ + + + + +
=
3 3 3 3 3 3
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) .( ) .( )
y z z x x y
x e e e

=
1 1 e x = =
35.
10 10 10
(2 1) 5 6
x
x log xlog log + + = +
{ } { } 10 10
10 (2 1) 5 (6)
x x x
log log + =
10 (2 1) 5 (6)
x x x
+ =
2
2 2 6 0
x x
+ =
( ) ( )
2 3 2 2 0
x x
+ =
( )
2 2 1 (2 3) 0
x x
x = = + >