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[11] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1. n
th
term of sequence
1 n n
S S

=
( 1)( 2) ( 1)( )( 1)
n
T n n n n n n = + + +
3( )( 1)
n
T n n = +
1 1 1 1
3 1
r
T n n
| |
=
|
+ \ .
13 12
1 1
1 1 1 1
3 1
r
r r
T r r
= =
| |
=
|
+
\ .

1 1 4
1
3 13 13
| |
= =
|
\ .
2.
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
and
2
a c
a c
b b
a c
+
= =
+
2 2 2 2
( ) 2( ) b a c ac + =
( ) ( )
2 2 2
( ) ( ) 2 8( ) 2 a c a c ac ac b a c + + = = +
4 2 2
( ) 2( )( ) 8( ) 0 a c ac a c ac + + =
( )( )
2 2
( ) 4 ( ) 2 0 a c ac a c ac + + + =
( ) ( )
2 2
( ) ( ) 2 0 a c a c ac a c + + = =
2 2
( ) 2 0 2 0 a c ac b ac + + = + =
3. , , a b c are in A.P. and
3
2
a b c + + =
Let the terms in A.P. be
1 1 1
, ,
2 2 2
d d
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
2 2
1 1 1
, ,
2 4 2
d d
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
are in G.P. .
2
2 2
1 1 1 1
16 4 4 4
d d
| |
= =
|
\ .
1
0,
2
d =
first term of A.P. ( )
1 1
2 2
a b c = > >
4. Apply AM HM >
2
2
a b ab
a b
+
>
+
...(i)
2
2
b c ab
b c
+
>
+
...(ii)
2
2
c a ab
a c
+
>
+
...(iii)
Add (i) , (ii) and (iii)
( ) 2
ab bc ca
a b c
a b b c c a
(
+ + > + +
(
+ + +

2
ab bc ca a b c
a b b c c a
+ + | |
+ + s
` |
+ + +
) \ .
5.
2
n
S cn =
1
(2 1)
n n n n
T S S T c n

= =
2 2 2
( ) (2 1)
r
T c r =
Sum of squares
2 2
1
(2 1)
n
r
c r
=
=

2 2
1
Sum (2 1)
n
r
c r
=
=

2 2
1 1 1
4 4 1
n n n
r r r
c r r
= = =


= +
`

)

2
4 ( 1)(2 1) 4( )( 1)
6 2
n n n n n
c n
+ + +
= +
`
)
( )
2
2
(4 1)
3
c
n n =
6. If ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( )
p q r s
ln ln ln ln is in G.P. ,
then p , q , r , s is in A.P.
1 1 1 1
, , ,
p q r s
is in H.P. .
1 1 1 1
or , , ,
s r q p
is in H.P. .
or , , , pqr pqs prs qrs is H.P. .
7. ( )
1
1
r r r
T T T
+
= +
1
1 1 1
1
r r r
T T T
+
=
+
1
1 1 1
1
r r r
T T T
+
=
+
Chapter No -2 ( Sequences and Series )
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[12] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
Now ,
1 2 2 3 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
.....
n
n n
S
T T T T T T
+

= + +
`
)
1 1
1 1
n
n
S
T T
+
=
100 1
101
1 1
2
2
S T
T
| |
= =
|
\ .

( )
100 101
1 2 1 S T < < >
8.
4 4
1
1
, Let (2 1)
n
n
n n
r
r
S r P r
=
=
= =

}
2
4 4 4
1 1 1
(2 1) (2 )
n n n
r r r
r r r
= = =
+ =

4
2
1
(2 )
n
n n
r
S P r
=
= +

4
2
1
16
n
n n
r
S P r
=
= +

2
16
n n n
P S S =
9.
2 1 2 2
1 1
n n
k k
k k
x x
+
= =
=

( ) ( )
1 3 5 2 1 4 6 8 2 2
.... ....
n n
x x x x x x x x
+
+ + + = + + + +
2 2
1 4
2 2
1 1
1 1
n n
r r
x x
r r
| | | |

=
| |
| |

\ . \ .
1 4
x x =
3
1 1
x xr =
3 2
( 1) 0 1, , r r = =
no. of possible values of 3 r =
10.
12 12 4 4
48 x y x y k + >
Apply
AM GM >
for
12 12 12
, and 2 x y
12 12 12
12
2
3 (2 )
3
x y
xy
+ +
>
12 12 12 4 4
2 48 x y x y + + >
12 12 4 4 12
48 2 x y x y + >
12
2 k =
11.
3 2
2
11
th
k
k AM A k
| |
= = +
|
\ .
22
11
k
k
A
+ | |
=
|
\ .
1
1 1/3 1/ 2
2 11
th
k
k HM H k

| |
= = +
`
|
\ . )
1 1
2 66
k
k
H
| |
=
|
\ .
66 22
(5 ) 5 6
33 11
k k
k
H A
k
+ | || |
= =
| |

\ .\ .
(5 ) 6 H A =
12.
2 2
( ) 4 4( )( ) 0 D a c b b a c = + + + s
2 2 2
2 4 4 4 0 a c ac b ab bc + + + s
2 2 2
4 2 4 4 0 a c b ac ab bc + + + s
2
( 2 ) 0 a c b + s
2 a c b + =
, , a b c are in A.P. and hence
1 1 1
, ,
a b c
e e e
+ + +
arein G.P.
13.
2
3
n
A
An
=
( )
( )
2
2 (2 1)
2
3
2 ( 1)
2
n
a n d
n
a n d
+
=
+
4 2(2 1) 6 3( 1) a n d a n d + = +
2 ( 1) a n d = +
Now ,
( )
( )
3
3
2 (3 1)
2
2 ( 1)
2
n
n
n
a n d
A
n
A
a n d
+
=
+
( )
( )
( ) ( )
3
3 ( 1) (3 1)
2 1
( 1) ( 1)
n
n
n d n d A
a n d
A n d n d
+ +
= = +
+ +

3
6
n
n
A
A
=
14. Let the roots be
1 1 1
3 3 3 1
, , ,
d d d
r
r a a a
| | | | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
where 'r' is common ratio
1
3 1
1
d b
r
a r a
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
...(i)
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[13] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
2
3 1
1
d c
r
a r a
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .
...(ii)
from (i) and (ii)
1
3
3 3
d b c
ac db
a a a
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
15.
2 2 2
(2 ) (3 ) (4 ) (2 )(3 ) (3 )(4 ) (2 )(4 ) 0 a b c a b b c a a + + =
( )
2 2 2
1
(2 3 ) (3 4 ) (4 2 ) 0
2
a b b c c a + + =
2 3 , 3 4 , 4 2 a b b c c a = = =
( ) 2 3 4 is constant a b c = = =
or , ,
2 3 4
a b c

= = =
1 1 1
, ,
a b c
are in A.P. , hence , , a b c are in H.P..
16. Let the given set of four numbers be
6, , 6
6,
. . AP

+
+
If first three numbers are in G.P. , then :
2
( 6) ( 6) = +
2 2
12 36 6 + = +
2 =
numbers are 8 , 4 , 2 , 8
sum =14
17. , , are roots of
3 2
0 x x px q + + =
Let the roots be
1 1 1
, ,
3 3 3
d d
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
2
1 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 9
d d d p
| | | | | |
+ + + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
2
2 1
9 9
d p + =
2
1
0
3
d p
| |
= >
|
\ .
1
3
p s
Similarly ,
2
1 1
3 9
d q
| |
=
|
\ .
2
1
3 0
9
d q
| |
= + >
|
\ .
1
27
q >
18.
1 2 3
, ,
( ) ( ) ( )
r r r
S a S b S c
A A A
= = =

If , , a b c are in A.P. , then
1 2 3
, , r r r are in H.P. .
19.
4 2 2 2 2 2 2
8 8 8
4 1 (2 1) 4 (2 1) (2 )
r r r
r r r r r
= =
+ + +
2 2
8
(2 2 1)(2 2 1)
r
r
T
r r r r
=
+ + +
2 2
1 1
2
2 2 1 2 2 1
r
T
r r r r
| |
=
|
+ + + \ .
2
1
1
2 1
2 2 1
n
r
r
S T
n n
=
| |
= =
|
+ + \ .

lim( ) 2
n
S

=
20. Let the middle term of sequence be 'a' middle term
of A.P. ( 1 1)( 2) a n = + +
=(a 2n)
middle term of G.P.
1 1
1
2
n
a
+
| |
=
|
\ .

1
2
n
a
| |
=
|
\ .
2
2
n
a
a n =
1
1 2
2
n
a n
| |
=
|
\ .
1
2 (2 ) (2)
(2 1) 2 1
n n
n n
n n
a
+


= =
`

)
21.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 49 50
Sum .... a a a a a a a a = + + +
1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4
( )( ) ( )( ) .... a a a a a a a a = + + + +

49 50 49 50
( )( ) a a a a +
Let the common difference be
' ' D
1 2 3 4 50
Sum ( )( .... ) D a a a a a = + + + + +
1 50
( )(25)( ) D a a = +
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 50 1 50
1 50
1
(25) (25)
( ) 49
D
a a a a
a a

= =

Now ,
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2 2
1 50 1 50
5 5
7 7
n
a a a a
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
2 8
4
n
n = =
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[14] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
22. 2
n
n
a =
2 3 4
2, 2 , 2 , 2 , .... 2
n
is the G.P. .
Let 2 , 2 , 2
p q r
be removed from G.P. .
Geometric mean of the remaining terms
( )
{ }
1
(1 2 3 4 .... )
3
2
n p q r
n
+ + + +

=
( )
( 1) 1 37
2 ( 3) 5
n n
p q r
n
+
+ + =
`
)
( )
( 1) 37
( 3)
2 5
n n
p q r n
+
+ + =
I n above relation n must be in the form of
(5 3) , k k I
+
+ e and ( ) p q r + + must be natural
number varying from 6 to (3n 3).
for 1; 8; ( ) 1 k n p q r = = + + =
8 n =
2; 13; ( ) 17 k n p q r = = + + =
13 n = is applicable
for 3; 18, 60 k n p q r = = + + =
18 n =
23. Apply
3 3 4 4 4
for , , , ,
2 2 3 3 3
x x y y y
AM GM >
3 3 4 4 4
2 2 3 3 3
5
x x y y y | | | | | | | | | |
+ + + +
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
>
1
5
2 3
16
3
x y
| |
|
\ .
1
5 3 4 16
(6)
5 3
x y + | |
>
|
\ .
(3 4 ) 10 x y + >
24.
1
1
1
2 1 2
1
1
2
1
2
n
n
n
n
S

| |
| |
|
|
| |

\ . |
= =
|
| |
\ .

|
|
\ .
( )
1
lim 2
1
1
2
n
n
S S

= = =

Now ,
1
2 1 1
2
1000 2
n
n
n
S S

| |

= <
|
|
\ .
1
1 1
1000 2
n
<
2 2000
n
>
11 n >
25. Let a b c > >
from figure , , 2 , ( 3 ) C x A x B x Z = Z = Z =
By sine rule
sin sin(2 ) sin( 3 )
c a b
k
x x x
= = =

sin(2 ) , sin(3 ) , (sin ) a k x b k x c k x = = =

Now , 2sin(3 ) sin( ) sin(2 ) x x x = +
( ) , , are in A.P. a b c
( )
2
2 sin (3 4sin ) sin (1 2cos ) x x x x = +
2
6 8sin 1 2cos x x = +
2
8cos 6cos 3 0 x x =
( )
3 1
cos or 120
4 2
x x = =
cosine of smallest angle
3
4
=
26.
1 2
, , , a A A b are in A.P. .
1 2
( ) A A a b + = + ...(i)
1 2
, , , a G G b are in G.P. .
1 2
( ) GG ab = ...(ii)
1 2
, , , a H H b are in H.P. .
1 2
1 1 1 1
, , ,
a H H b
are in A.P. .
1 2
1 1 1 1
H H a b
+ = +
1 2
1 2
H H a b
H H ab
+ +
=
Using conditions (i) and (ii)
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
H H A A
H H GG
+ +
=
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
H H H H
GG A A
+
=
+
Now ,
1
1 1 1 1 1 2
3 3
b a
H a b a ab
+ | |
= + =
|
\ .
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[15] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1
3
( 2 )
ab
H
a b
=
+
Similarly ,
2
1 1 2 1 1 2
3 3
a b
H a b a ad
+ | |
= + =
|
\ .
2 2
1 2
9
(2 )(2 )
a b
H H
a b b a
=
+ +
1 2
1 2
(2 )(2 )
9
GG a b b a
H H ab
+ +
=
27. Let the number be , 1, 2, 3 + + +
2 2 2
( 3) ( 1) ( 2) + = + + + +
2
3 5 2 0 + + =
2
1or 1 ( )
3
I = = e
Now , the numbers are 1 , 0 , 1 , 2
28. Let two distinct positive numbers be 'a' and 'b'
1 1 1
2
, ,
2
a b ab
A G ab H
a b
+
= = =
+
1 1 1 1
2 2 1 1 2
1 1
2
, ,
2
A H AH
A G AH H
A H
+
= = =
+
2 2 2 2
3 3 2 2 3
2 2
2
, ,
2
A H A H
A G A H H
A H
+
= = =
+
Similarly ,
1 1
1 1
, . and
2
n n
n n n n
A H
A G A H


+
= =
1 1
1 1
2 .
n n
n
n n
A H
H
A H


=
+
1 1 1 2 1 2 3 2
A H H A A H A A > < < < <
1 2 3 4
..... A A A A > > > >
Similarly ,
1 2 3 4
.... H H H H < < < <
1 2 3 4
.... G G G G ab = = = = = .
29.
1 2 3 4 5
, , , , ,....
n
a a a a a a form A.P..
2 1 3
2a a a = +
2| 1| | | | 1| x x x = + +
from graph , L.H.S. =R.H.S.
1
.
4
x =
1 2 3
1 3 5
, ,
4 4 4
a a a = = =
first term of A.P.
1
4
=
common difference of A.P.
1
2
=
1
1
2
n n
a a

=
10
1
10 1 1
2 9 25
2 4 2
n
n
a
=
| | | | | |
= + =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

30.
3
1
3 3 3 4
1
3 4 7 4
1
4
n
n
n
a
| |
| |
|
|
| |
| | \ . |
= = |
|
| |
| | \ .
\ .

|
|
|
\ .
\ .
1 (1 )
n n n n
b a b a + = =
0 0
1
2
n n n
b a n n a n n > > < >
0
3 3 3 1
7 7 4 2
n
n n
| |
< >
|
\ .
0
3 1
4 6
n
n n
| |
> >
|
\ .
0
6 n >
31. Let the sides of triangle be
2
, and a ar ar
2 2
1 0 a ar ar r r + > <
1 5 1 5
2 2
r
+
< < ...(i)
Similarly ,
2 2
1 0 a ar ar r r + > + >
r R e
...(ii)
Now ,
2 2
1 0 ar ar a r r + > + >
1 5 1 5
, ,
2 2
r
| | | |
+
e
| |
| |
\ . \ .
...(iii)
from (i) , (ii) and (iii)
5 1 5 1
,
2 2
r
| |
+
e
|
|
\ .
1 1 3
.sin , sin
2 10 2 10
r
| | | | | |
e
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
Statements (1) and (2) are true and the explanation
is also correct.
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[16] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
32. cot , cot , cot A B C are in A.P. .
cos cos cos
, ,
sin sin sin
A B C
A B C
are in A.P. .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
, ,
2 2 2
2 2 2
b c a a c b a b c
abc abc abc
R R R
+ + +

| | | | | |
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
are in A.P.
2
sin sin sin
a b c
R
A B C

= = =
`
)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
, , b c a a c b a b c + + +
are in A.P.
2 2 2
, , a b c are in A.P. .
2 2 2
1 1 1
, ,
a b c
are in H.P. .
Statement (2) is true
I f
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
, , b c a a c b a b c + + + are in
A.P. , then , , b c a a c b a b c + + + are in A.P..
( ) , ( ) , ( ) b c a c a b + + + are in A.P. .
1 1 1
, ,
a b b c c a

+ + +
are in H.P. .
Statement (1) is false.
33. If , [ ] , { } x x x form a G.P. .
| | { }
2
x x x =
| | | | { } ( ){ }
2
x x x x = +
{ } | |{ } | |
2 2
0 x x x x + =
{ }
( )
| |
1 5
2
x x

=
{ } | | { } ( )
5 1
0
2
x x x
| |

= >
|
|
\ .

Now
| |
5 1
0 1
2
x
| |

s <
|
|
\ .
| |
2
0
5 1
x s <

| | 0 or 1 x =
{ }
5 1
0or
2
x
| |

=
|
|
\ .
5 1 5 1
0 0 0or 1
2 2
x x
+
= + = = + =
( )
5 1
2
x x R
+
+
= e
1 7
or sin
2 10
x
| |
=
|
\ .
Statement (1) and (2) are true and the explanation
is also correct.
34.
( )
1
2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6
6
6
ab ac bc ba ca cb
a b c
+ + + + +
>
2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 6 a b c b c a c a b abc + + + + + >
Statement (1) is true.
Now ,
2
( )( ) ( ) AM HM GM = is true for 2 n= but not
for all {1} n N e
If
1 2 3
, , , .....
n
a a a a R
+
e and form a G.P. , then
{ }
2
( )( ) 1 AM HM GM n N = e
Statement (2) is false.
35.
1 1 1 1
1 .....
2 3 4
n
S
n
= + + + + +
As shown in graph ,
1
1
1 1 1 1
1 ....
2 3
n
dx
x n
+
< + + + +
}
( ) ( 1) 1
n n
ln n S S ln n + < > +
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation
is not appropriate
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[17] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
1.
( ) 2( ) ( 1)(2 1)
2
r
r
V r r r = +
( ) ( )
2 3 2
1
2 1 2
2 2
r
r
V r r r r r = + = +
3 2
1 2 3
1
1
.... (2 )
2
n
n
r
V V V V r r r
=
+ + + + = +

2
( 1) 1 ( 1)(2 1) 1 ( 1)
1 .
2 2 6 2 2
n n n n n n n
Sum
+ + + + | |
= +
|
\ .
2
( 1) 2 1 1
2 2 6 2
n n n n n
Sum

+ + +
= +
`

)
2
1
( 1)(3 2)
12
Sum n n n n = + + +
2.
1
2
r r r
T V V
+
=
( )
3 2
1
2( 1) ( 1) ( 1)
2
r
T r r r = + + + +
3 2
1
(2 ) 2
2
r r r +
( )
3 3 2 2
1
( 1) ( 1)
2
r
T r r r r = + +
1
( 1 ) 2
2
r r + +
2
1 1
3 3 1 (2 1) (1) 2
2 2
r
T r r r = + + + +
2
3 3 1 2
r
T r r r = + +
2
3 2 1 ( 1)(3 1)
r
T r r r r = + = +
r
T is composite number. .
3.
1 r r r
Q T T
+
=
( ) ( )
2 2
3( 1) 2( 1) 1 3 2 1
r
Q r r r r = + + + +
( ) 6 5
r
Q r = +
11 ( 1)6
r
Q r = +
1 2 3
, , ,..... Q Q Q forms an A.P. with c.d. =6 and
the first term is 11.
4. Let set P be { } 4 , 4, 4 d d + and set Q be
2
, 2, 2r
r

`
)
Now ,
2 2
2
(4 ) 16 (4 ) 8 2 2 d d r
r
| |
+ + + = + +
|
\ .
( )
2
2
2 2 2
48 2 8
r r
r d r
r
| |
+ +
+ = =
|
|
\ .

3 2
24 8 8 8 r r r r + = + +
3 2
8 16 8 0 r r r + =
2
( 2)( 6 4) 0 r r r + =
2 ( ) r r I
+
= e
{ } { } 2, 4, 6 and 1, 2, 4 P Q = =
Now ,
{ } 2, 4 ( ) 2 P Q n P Q = =
5. 1, 2, 4 a b c = = =
Now ,
2
0 ax bx c + + =
2
2 4 0 x x + + =
2
( 1) 3 0 x + + =
1 3 x i =
6. { } 1, 2, 4, 6 P Q =
Sum of elements =13
7. Let
th
k A.M. between x and 2y be
1
A
1
2
1
y x
A x k
n
| |
= +
|
+
\ .
Let
th
k A.M. between 2x and y be
2
A
2
2
2
1
y x
A x k
n
| |
= +
|
+
\ .
Now ,
1 2
A A =
2 2
2
1 1
y x y x
x k x k
n n
| | | |
+ = +
| |
+ +
\ . \ .
1
1
n y
k x
+
= +
1
1
n y
k x
+
=
`
)
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[18] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
8.
1 1 1
( 1) 1 n n n n
=

2 2 2
( 1)( 2) ( 2) ( 1) n n n n
=

3 2 2
( 2)( 3) ( 3) ( 2) n n n n
=

- - - -
- - - -
- - - -

( 2) ( 2) ( 2)
( 3)( 2) ( 2) ( 3)
n n n
n n n n n n n n

=
+ + + +
___________________________________

1 1 1
1 2
Sum
n n n
=

...............
1 2
3 2
n
+
1 1 1 1 1 2
' ....
2 1 2 3 2
n
n n
S
n n n
+
= + + + + +

1 1 1 1 2
' .....
1 3 2 2
n
n n
S
n n
+ | |
= + + + +
|

\ .
1 1 1 1
' ..... 1
1 3 2
n
S
n n
| |
= + + + + +
|

\ .
1
n n
S S =
'
1
n
n
S
S

=
`
)
9.
2
, , , ..... S

=
2
1
S

= =

2
2
4 4( ) 0

= + =

2
4 + (common difference of A.P.) =0
common difference
2
4

| |
=
|
|
\ .
Now , sum of
2
2 ( 1)
2 4
n
AP n

| |

= +
| `
|
\ . )
2 2
2
2 4 4
n n

+
`

)
2
( 1)
8
8
n n
n k

= =
10. Let the terms in G.P. be , , ,
a
a ar
r
where 1 r =
2
2 2 2
( ) ( )
a
S a ar
r
| |
= + +
|
\ .
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1
1 1 1 S a r a r r
r r r
| | | || |
= + + = + + +
| | |
\ . \ .\ .
...(i)
Now , ( )
2
p a
S a ar
r
= + +
2
2 2
1
( ) 1
4
p
S a r
r
| |
= + +
|
\ .
...(ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by (i)
1
1
1
4
1
r
p
r
r
r
+ +
=
+
1
2
4
4 2
r
p r
p
| |
+
|
+
\ .
=

(By componendo-dividendo)
1 4
4
p
r
r p
+ | |
+ =
|
\ .
Now ,
4 4
2 or 2 ( )
4 4
p p
AM GM
p p
+ +
> < >


4
4 12 or 4
3
p p < < < <
4
, 4 (4, 12)
3
p
| |
e
|
\ .
number of integral values of 'p' are 9
11. s a b c d e = + + + +
( ) s a b c d e = + + +
1/4 1/4
( ) 4( ) ( )
4
b c d e
s a bcde bcde
+ + + | |
> >
|
\ .

1
4
( ) 4( ) s a bcde > ...(i)
Similarly , ( )
1
4 ( ) 4 ....(ii) s b acde >

( )
1
4 ( ) 4 ...(iii) s c abde >

( )
1
4 ( ) 4 ...(iv) s d abce >

( )
1
4 ( ) 4 ...(v) s e abcd >
from inequations (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) and (v)
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[19] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
{ }
1
5 4 4 4 4 4
4
( )( )( )( ) (4) s e s b s c s d a b c d e >
5
( )( )( )( )( )
(4)
s a s b s c s d s c
abcde

>
`
)
minimum value
5
(4) (4)
n
= =
5 n =
12. (a) Let
2 2
1 1
1
( 1)
r
T
r r
= + +
+
2
1 1 2
1
1 ( 1)
r
T
r r r r
| |
= + +
|
+ + \ .
2
1
1
( 1)
r
T
r r
| |
= +
|
+
\ .
1 1
1
1
r
T
r r
= +
+
Now ,
2009
1
1
(2009) 1
2010
r
r
T
=
= +

2009
(2009)
(2010)
Sum = +
2010 =
Sum of all digits of 2 0 1 0 = + + +
=3
(b) Let the largest positive term of H.P. be
n
T
1 5 23 5
( 1)
2 12 2
n
n
T
| |
= +
|
\ .
12
(37 7 )
n
T
n
=

( )
37
0
7
n
n T < >
5 n =
5
6 T = is largest positive term of H.P. .
(c)
/4
2
2
0
(tan ) (1 tan )
n
n n
I I x x dx

+
+ = +
}
/4
/ 4
1
2
0
0
(tan )
(tan ) .(sec )
1
n
n
x
x x dx
n

+
= =
+
}
2
2
1 1
or ( 1)
1
n n
n n
I I n
n I I
+
+
+ = = +
+ +
2 4 3 5 4 6
1 1 1
, , , .....formA.P.
I I I I I I

+ + +
Now , common difference =1
(d)
1 1 1 1
.....
3 9 27 2
+ + + =
Now ,
( )
5/2
5/ 2
2 (0.5)
(0.5) 2
0.16
5
log
log | |
=
|
\ .
2
(0.5) 4

=
13. (a)
( )
1
p
log x x p + + =
x x p p + + =
( )
for x p p x p x + = >
Squaring both sides
2
1
2
p
x
| |
=
|
\ .
Now , if p is prime number , then possible natural
values of x are 1 , 4 , 9 , .....
1, 4, 9 are not in AP or G.P. .
(b)
1 2 3
, , a a a are in A.P. .
1 3
2
2
a a
a
+ | |
=
|
\ .
2 3 4
, , a a a are in G.P. .
2
2 3
3 2 4 4
2
a
a a a a
a
| |
= = |
|
\ .
2
3
4
1 3
2a
a
a a
| |
= |
|
+
\ .
Now ,
3 4 5
, , a a a are in H.P. .
3 5
4
3 5
2a a
a
a a
=
+
2
3 3 5
1 3 3 5
2 2 a a a
a a a a
=
+ +
3 1
3 5
a a
a a
=
1 3 5
, , a a a are in G.P. .
(c)
( )
tan70 tan20
tan 70 20
1 tan70 .tan20

=
+
tan70 tan20
tan50
2

=
( ) tan20 .tan70 1 =
2tan50 tan20 tan70 + =
2tan50 2tan20 tan70 tan20 + = +
( ) ( )
1
tan50 tan20 tan70 tan20
2
+ = +
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[20] Mathematics for I I T-J EE (Hints/Solutions)
tan70 , tan50 tan20 , tan20 +
are in A.P.
(d)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
x a x b b a
b a x a x b

+ = +

( ( ) ( )( ) x a b a x b x a b + +
) ( )( ) 0 b x a x b a + =
( )
2 2
( )( ) ( ) 0 x a b x a b x a b + =
2 2
, and 0
a b
a b
a b

+
= + = =
+
Now ,
2 2
0
a b
a b
a b

+
= +
+
2ab
c
a b
=
+
, a bc are in H.P. .
14. (a)
n ( 1) n+
1
2 5
n
=
( 1) n+ (2 1)
6
n +

`

)
2 1 15 n + =
7 n =
(b)
2 3
10 ( 1)(2 1) ( 1)
9 6 2
n n n n n + + + | | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
2
20 0 n n + =
4, 5 n =
4 ( ) n n N = e
(c) ( )
2
7
2 5 2 2
2
x x
| |
=
|
\ .
( ) ( )
2 2
2 8 2 4 0
x x
=
3 or 2 x =
( ) 3
2 makes 2 5 undefined
x
x log =
3 x =
(d) Side length of
1.5
2
n
S =
Side length of
( )
1
1.5
2
n
n
S

=
Now ,
( )
2
1
1.5
1
2
n
| |
|
<
|
|
\ .
2 4.5 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, .....
n
n > =
15. (a)
1 2 3
1 1 1
( ) , ( ) and ( )
2 2 2
a p b p c p A = A = A =
1 2 3
2 2 2
, , p p p
a b C
A A A
= = =
, , in H.P. a b c
(b) 0
2 1 0
a b a b
b c b c

=
Apply
3 3 1 2
C C C C +
0
0 0
2 1 (1 2 )
a b
b c

2
(2 1)( ) 0 b ac =
2
1
2
b ac
| |
= =
|
\ .

, , arein G.P. a b c
(c)
2 3 1 4
1 4 2 3
a a a a
aa a a
+ +
=
4 1 2 3
1 1 1 1
a a a a
+ = +
4 3 2 1
1 1 1 1
a a a a
=
1 2 3 4
, , , a a a a are in H.P. .
(d)
( )
2( )( )
2
2
y x y z
y a
y x z

=

( )(2 ) ( )( ) y a y x z y x y z =
2
( ) ( )( ) y a x a z a =
( ) , ( ) , ( ) x a y a z a are in G.P. .