:

:
.
:
.
0
-1

.
:
- .
-
) ) .ISO 772
- .

-2

QUANTITY
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF THE CONDUIT, FOR
THE OPERATING CONDITIONS
CONCENTRATION OF THE TRACER

(2)
(SI)

L2

4/10

ML-3 3

10/3

7/17

8/2

m2
Kg/m3

(1)

DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT

(4

CRITICAL FLOW FUNCTION

(4

REAL GAS CRITICAL FLOW COEFFICIENT

(4

Cr

8/3

m/S

LT- 1

4/16

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY AT CONSTANT

PRESSURE

J/Kg.K

L2T-2-1

cp

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY AT CONSTANT VOLUME

J/Kg.K

L2 T-2-1

cv

VELOCITY OF SOUND

DIAMETER,DEPENDING ON THE OPERATING

.CONDITION
OF THE CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION OF THE CONDUIT
OF THE MEASURING CONDUIT UPSTEAM OF AN ORIFICE PLATE OR NOZZLE
OF THE INLET CYLINDER OF A CLASSICAL VEN- TURI TUBE HYDRAULIC DIAMETER

4/31
4/31
7/16
-

QUANTITY

HYDRAULIC DIAMETER -

(2)
(SI)
m

(1)

Dh

4/9
7/16
7/17

7/16

ORIFICE DIAMETER OR THROAT OF

PRIMARYELEMENT, FOR THE OPERATING
CONDITIONS OR DIAMETER OF THE HEAD OF A
PITOT TUBE

VELOCITY OF APPROACH FACTOR

(4

RELATIVE UNCERTAINTY

(4

ABSOLUTE UNCERTAINTY

(4

S-1

T-1

m /S2

LT-2

EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ROUGHNESS

4/19

LENGTH

4/15

Kg/moL

4/33

POPULATION MEAN

(5

5/9

MACH NUMBER

(4

Ma

4/16

Population size

(5

5/9

FREQUENCY
ACCELERATION DUT TO GRAVITY

MOLAR MASS OF FLUID

7/17

QUANTITY

(2)
(SI)

(1)

(Dilution ralier (rate

(4

10/4

Sample size

(4

5/5/1

ABSOLUTE STATIC PRSSURE OF THE FLUID

Pa

ML-1T-2

4/11/1

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

Pa

ML-1T-2

4/20

MASS FLOW-RATE

Kg/S

MT-1

(qm.(q

4/1/1

VOLUME FLOW-RAT

m3/S

L3T-1

(qv.(Q

4/1/2

(J/(moL.K

ML2T-2-1

4/33

RADIUS

TEST RESULT

(4

5/2

ARITHMETICAL MEAN DEVIATION OF THE

ROUGHNESS ) PROFILE )

Ra

( )

4/18

HYDRAULIC RADIUS

Rh

4/9

REYNODE NUMBER

4/15

REFERRED TO D -

(4

ReD

D -

REFERRED TO d -

Red

d -

MOLAR GAS CONSTANT

QUANTITY

(2)
(SI)

(1)

STROUNHAL NUMBER

(4

Sr

4/17

EXPERIMENTAL STANDARD DEVIATION

(5

5/9

STANDARD ERROR OF ESTIMATE

(5

sR

5/22

FLUID ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE

STUNDENTST DISTRIBUTION

(4

5/25

UNCERTAINTY

(4

5/26

m/s

LT-1

4/7

RANDOM
UNCERTAINTY

(4

Ur

5/26/1

SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY

(4

Us

5/26/2

UPPER AND LOWER LIMITS OF A

NONSYMMETRICAL UNCERTAINTY

(4

(2)

FRICTION VELOCITY

m/s

LT -1

4/21

LOCAL VELOCITY OF THE FLUID

m/s

LT-1

4/17

(4

4/8

MEAN AXIAL FLUID VELOCITY

NON-DIMENSIONAL{ RELATIVE } VELOCITY

U+ .U

QUANTITY
COMPENENT OF THE LOCAL VELOCITY PARALLEL
TO THE PIPE AXIS

(2)
(SI)

(1)

m/s

LT-1

vx

WEIGHT OF MEASUREMENT

(4

wi

5/11

ACOUSTIC RATIO

(4

7/15

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE RATIO

(4

7/13

( AVERAGE VALUE ( OF AVARIABLE X

(4

5/1

ARITHMETIC WEIGHTED MEAN WEIGHTED

AVERAGE

(4

INDEX OF ASYMMETRY

(4

(4

COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR

(4

4/33

FLOW COEFFICIENT

(4

7/18

KINETIC ENERGY COEFFICIENT

(4

4/10

DIAMETER RATIO

(4

7/4

DISTANCE FROM AMEASUREMENT POINT TO THE

WALL
NON-DIMENSIONAL DISTANCE FORM A
MEASUREMENT POINT TO THE WALL

5/11/1
5/1

QUANTITY

(2)
(SI)

(1)

RATIO OF THE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPCITIES

(4

4/31

EXPANSIBILITY { EXPANSION } FACTOR

(4

7/19

FLUID TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CELSIUS

ANGLE BETWEEN THE LOCAL VELOCIT VECTOR

AND THE CONDUIT AXIS

rad

SENSITIVITY { INFLUENCE } COEFFICIENT

(4

5/2

ISENTROPIC
EXPONENT

(4

4/32

UNIVERSAL HEAD LOSS COEFFICIENT

(4

4/2

DYNAMIC VISCOSIT OF THE FLUID

Pa.s

ML-1T-1

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY OF THE FLUID

m2/s

L2T-1

4/15

(4

5/7

Kg/m3

ML-3

4/32

(4

7/14

Pa

4/21

NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM

DENSITY OF THE FLUID
PRESSURE RATIO
WALL SHEAR STRESS

(or )

4/6

)(1

)(2
)(SI
-

-1
-2 = , M = , L = , T = . =T
-3 ) (
-4 ) (
-5 0

QUANTITY

rad

LNCLUDED ANGLE OF THE DIVERGENT

rad
-

ANGLE BETWEEN THE LOCAL VELOCITY

VECTOR AND THE AXIS OF THE METERING DEVICE

-3

MEANING

UPSTREAM

DOWNSTREAM

EFFECTIVE

max

MAXIMUM

min

MINIMUM

NOMINAL

RESIDUAL

RANDOM

AT CONSTANT ENTROPY

SYSTEMATIC

TRANSITION

-4

1.1
.
Mass
Flow-Rate
1.2
.
Flow-Rate

1.3

Flow-Rate

Volum

qm

.

1.4
.

Mean Flow-Rate

1.5
.
Velocity Distribution

1.6

.
Fully Developed Velocity Distribution

1.7

.
Regular Velocity Distribution

1.8
.

Flow Profile

1.9
.

Swrling Flow

1.10

) ( .
Swirl Angle

: Mean Axial Flind Velocity , U

1.11
) (
.


1.12

) (
.
*

Non-Dimensional [ Relative ] Velocity , V

1.13
.
.
Hydraulic Diameter, Dh

:
-1
0
-2 , Rh
) Dh = 4 Rh ) 0

1.14
:

v
U

A :
dA .
A .

Kinetic Energy Coefficient,

=1d A
A

1 1.2.
1.15
.
Static Pressure

1.16

) Absolute Static Pressure Of The Fluid, P

)P

1.17

Pressure

Gauge

1.18

Dynamic Pressure

1.19

( 1) V2 .
2
Dynamic Pressure Of A Fluid Element

1.20

Mean Dynamic Pressure In Cross-

Section

1
U2
2

1.21
.

Total Pressure

:
.
1.22

.
Stagnation Pressure

:

.

) ( 1

1.23

Reynolds Number, Re

.
= Re U

:
U .

Re

 .
.
:

.

1.24

.
Mach Number, Ma

= Ma C

Strouhal Number, Sr
1.25
" " v .

1.26

= Sr

) (

:Arithmetical Mean Deviation Of The ( Roughness ) Profile,: Ra

.
:EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ROUGHNESS, k
1.27

.

1.28

universal head loss coefficient,

:

:
1P =
2
: *Friction velocity, u
1.29
t o :
l
Dh

U2

= = *U to

Steady Flow

1.30

.

 :

0

1.31

Pulsating Flow Of Mean Constant Flow- Rate

.
:
.
- ) (

1.32

.
Unsteady Flow

:
0

1.33

.
Laminar flow

:
" "
" .

1.34

.
Flow

Turbulent

:
)(
.0

1.35
.
.Re
Fully Rough Turbulent Flow

 1.36
.

Transition Flow

:
,
2000 12000 , 700
.

1.37
.
Coanda Effect

1.38
.
Doppler Effect

,Ratio of the specific heat capacities

1.39

/ :
Cp

= Cv

1.40

) ( Isentropic exponent, k

.
(( p k

= s P

S ) (.
)
(.
:
.

1.41
) (
:
Compresssibility Factor,Z

PM
RT

=Z

 R = 0 8.4143
-5

.
.
) (ISO 3534
)( Bt BM / tC.C / tso / oiml
:`Average value: x
1.42 ) ( :
n X X :
n
1
= n i
=1 xi
:Sensitivity [ influence ] coefficient. x
1.43 :
R : X .
R
X=X

x
x

R
` X = R

1.44 :
.

Frequency Distribution

1.45 :
.
Population

1.46 :

.
Sample

:
1.47
.

:Sample size, n

1.48 :
, .
.
True Value

:Number of degrees of freedom,y

1.49 :
.
:
) ( n-1
.

1.50 : Deviation:
.
:
.

: Experimental standar deviation , s

1.51 :
) ( n
:
n

i=1

S)) 2

= Xi - X

n-1

:
xi )(I
X n
:
-1 N
,m :

N
2
iX
( ) = i1- m
N

-2 : n S
.

1.52

:
: ( Experimental standard deviation of the mean. S ( x

 X m
:
)S (x
n

= ( S(x

:
1.53
) 22 /5 (.

Residual standard deviation. SR

: Experimental Variance, S2
1.54 :

.

(x
n

i =1

n 1

= S

:
1.55
.

:Residual Variance, S2k

: Weight of measurement wi
:
1.56
.
:Arithmetic Weghted Mean, X W
:
1.57
X W ) (
:
n

w x

i i

i =1
n

= xw

i =1

1.58

Colibration:

1.59

Calibration Hierarchy :

 ) (: Traceability :
1.60
) (
.
1.61 ) (:
: Normal distribution ; Laplace-Gauss distribution
) ( x .
1 x m
exp

2
2
1

= fx

:
m .
.

: Method of least squares

1.62 :

,
.
: Regression
1.63 :
,

,
.
) : Absolute ) error of measurement
1.64 :
.
:
-1 0
-2
.
-3 ) (
) (.

1.65 :
.
utlier

 1.66 )( :

.
Errors

Spurious

1.67 :
) (
Random error

:
.

: Systematic error
1.68 :
) (
.
:
-1 .
-2 .

: Elemental error
1.69 :

.
1.70 :

. ) ( n ) ( K
:

Standard Error Of Estimate , SR

(yi-i)2
n-k

i=1

S
R

:
-1 ) ( i
y k , .
-2 .

: Confidence limits
1.71 :

.

: Confidence level
1.72 :

0 95

: Student,s tdistribution
1.73 :

) ( .
) (t
:
x m
s
n

=t

:
m .
: U) 95) : Ur) 95 = t95 S) 95
t 95

: ( ) Uncertainty, u
1.74 :
0
:
-1 p 0
-2
0
0

: ( ) ,Random uncertainty, ur
:
1.75

.
:
p " 0

1.76

Systemtic Uncertainty, Us

) (:
.
:

 p " 0

: Accuracy
:
1.77
)( .
.
.
:
0

1.78 :
.

Measurandd

:
0

 ) (

) (2

) (

-6

1.79 :
.
Flowmeter

:

.

1.80 :

.
Meter Tube

:
:
) (

1.81 :

) .( 15/2 , 11/1/1 , 7/2
Primary Device

1.82 :

) .0 ( 11/1/2
Secondary Device

:
1.83
0
Ootput Signal

1.84 :

Calibration Factor Of The Primary

Device

 1.85 :
) ( 9 /6

.
Maximum Flow- Rate

:
.

1.86

Rate

Flow-

Minimum

:
) . (6/9
1.87 :
.
Flow- Rate Range

1.88 :
.
.
Transitional Flow- Rate

1.89 :


.
Nominal Flow- Rate

:
.

1.90 :
.

Full- Scale Flow- Rate

1.91 ) : ( :
( Pressure loss ( caused by a primary device
.
1.92 :

.
Working Conditions

1.93

Working Temperature

1.94

Working Pressure:

.
1.95 :
0

Installation Conditions

:
:

.

1.96 :


.
Straight Iength

1.97 :

.
Irregularity

( Flow Conditioner ( Straightener

1.98 :
.
1.99 :
.
Swirl Reducer

1.100 :
.
Flow Stabilizer

:
1.101
:
.
Constant- Level Head Tank

1.102 ) ( :

tapping

pressure

Wall

 ) (
.

1.103 ) ( :

.
Drain Holes

1.104 :

.
Vent Holes

-7

1.105 :


) .( 11 /7 10 /7 9 /7
Differential Pressure Device

1.106 ) ( :
( Primary device ( of a differential pressure device

.
1.107 :
.

Orifice ; Throat

1.108 ) B ( :
Diameter ratio ( of a primary device used in a given con duit ) B

.
1.109 :

Pressure Tappins ;Pressure Taps

1.110
Tappings

.

Corner Pressure

1.111

Flange Pressure Tappings


25.4 .
1.112 :

D ) D (
)( .
Vena contracta pressure tappings

1.113

, D
D, and D/2 pressure tappings

, D, D 0,5
.

1.114

) (ring

Piezometer

:

.
:
.

1.115 :


.
Carrier Ring

1.116 :
.
Annular Chamber

1.117 :
.

Orifice Plate

1.118 :
) .( 3
Thin Orifice Plate

:
1.119
- .

Concentric Orifice Plate

1.120

Square- Edged

Orifice Plate

-
.
:
,

.

1.121

Conical

entrance orifice plate

1.122

Quarter-

ciricle plate

) (3

 :
1.123
) 4 (.

Eccentric orifice plate

:
.

1.124

Segmental orifice plate :

) 4 (.
1.125 :

.
Nozzle

1.126

ISA 1932 nozzle

ISA 1932 :

) ( ) (
) 5 (.
1.127 :


) 5 (.
Long- raduis nozzle

1.128

: Venturi Tube:

. ) (. . 1.129 :

) .( 6
Classical Venturi Tube

1.130 :
) .( 7

Venturi Nozzle

1.131 :
.

Truncated venturi tube

) (

 ) (4 )(

15A

) (5 )(

 ) (6 )(

) (7
: Differential Pressure p
1.132 :

.
: Differential pressure ratio, x
1.133 :

.

 1.134 :

Pressure

Ratio

) (

.
: Acoustic ratio, x
1.135 :
) K (.
1.136

E:

Velocity of approach factor ,

:E
:
D2
(D -d4)1/2
4

1.137

= E = ( 1-4 )-1/2

Discharge

: coefficient , C
,
:
qm(1-4)1/2
= C d2(2PE )1/2
1

1.138 Flow Coefficient :

:
= CE

1.139

) Expansibility ( expansion ) factor

qm (1-4)1/2
= 2
d C(2P1)1/2

-8
Critical Flow Measurement

E):

 )
(.
:
.
) ( ) (
.

1.140

)
(.
Flow

1.141

Critical

Critical Flow Function

*C

) ( ) ( ISOTROPIC
. .
1.142
. :

Real Gas Critical Flow Coefficient Cr

*Cr=C

1.143
) (
.
Pressure

Ratio

1.144
.

Nozzles

1.145 ) (
( Nozzles
.

Critical

Sonic

Sonic ( Critical Venturi

1.146
) (
) ( 8 .
Toroidal Throat Venturi Nozzle

1.147

Venturi

Throat

Cylindrical

)
) (I ) .( 9

) (8

 ) (9

-
-9
Velocity-Area Methods
U
(-U)2
i
.
n -1

: ,Y
1.148 Index Of Asymmetry, Y
) (
:
.
n

1/2
i
=
1
1
=Y
U

U i : ) .(i
).(i
: n .
1.149
.

Points Of Mean Axial Fluid Velocity

: Peripheral flow-rate
1.150

.

: Current-meter
1.151

.
1.152
.
).( 10

: Propeller- type current-meter

: Self- compensating propeller

1.153

.
( Spin Test ( Of A Current-Meter
1.154 ) (

.
1.155 Probe

Yaw-

.
:
.

1.156

.
Pitot- Tube

: Pitot- static tube

1.157

) .( 11
:
) (
) (.

: Total pressure pitot tube

1.158
.
:
.

:
Static
Pressure
Tapping
1.159

.
: Total pressure tapping
1.160
.
1.161
: ( tube


.

Differential pressure ( of a pitot

1.162
) (
.
Stationary Array

) (10

 ) (11

-10

) (.
1.163
.
Dilution Methods

1.164

) ( Constant- Rate Injection Methods

1.165

Method

Intagration

.

.

 1.166

.
Transit Time Method

: ( Concentration of the tracer ( c

1.167
.
1.168 ) (
.
N

),

rate

ratio

Dilution

( Injection Cross-Section ( Station

1.169
.
( Sampling Cross-Section ( Station
1.170

.
1.171
.
Measuring Section

1.172

.
Mixing Length

: Time Of Passage Of The Tracer Cloud

1.173
) ( .
.
: Counting rate

1.174
.

-11
:
Electromagnetic
flow-meter
1.175

.
.

1.176

) (

: ( Primary device ( of an electromagnetic flow- meter

:
. .
.
1.177
: ( Secondary device ( of an electromagnatic flow- meter

.
.
1.178
: Meter tube of electromagnetic flowmeter

.
: Meter electrodes
1.179
) (.
: Magnetic Field
1.180

.
: Electrode Signal
1.181

) - - (.
: Flow singnal
1.182

.
: In- phase voltage
1.183
.

1.184

: Quadrature voltage


.
:
.

: Common mode voltage

1.185
.
:
Referecnce
singnal
1.186

.

-12

: Weighing method
1.187

.
.
:
Static
weighing
1.188

.
1.189

.
Dynamic Weighing

:
0

: Volumetric method
1.190

.
: Static Gauging
1.191

.
: Dynamic gauging
1.192

.
: Diverter
1.193 ) (
) (
.
:
.

: Calibrated measuring ( volumetric ) tank

1.194 ) (

.
: Buoyancy cerrection
1.195

.
: Piston prover
1.196

) 12 12 ) (.
:
Bell
prover
1.197
) (
) (
) .( 13

 ) (

) : (12
: Liquid displacement system
1.198

) .( 14
: Soap- film burette
1.199
.

) .( 15
: Ring balance

1.200


) .( 16
-13


.
1.201 ) (
; Fluidic flowmeter ; nutating flowmeter

) ( ) .(17
1.202 : Vortex flowmeter
.
1.203 ) ( : Vortex- shedding meter

.

) .( 18
: Vortex precession meter

1.204

.
) ( ) .( 19

 ) : (13

 ) : (14

 ) : (15

 ) : (16

 ) : (17 ,
)(

) : (18 ) (

: Wake oscillator
1.205


).( 20
: Bluff body
1.206


.

-14
Varible- Area Methods
) ( )
(
) (

) .( 21
1.207 : Constant- head meter
.
: Voriable- head meter
1.208

.
: Cone-and float meter
1.209



) .( 22
1.210 : Orifice and plug meter

) .( 23
1.211 : Cone- and disc meter

) : (19 ) (

) : (20

 ) : (21 ) (

 ) : (22

 ) : (23 ) (

 ) : (24 ) (
: gate- type meter
1.212

) .( 24
1.213
: meter


) .( 25

Spring- loaded variable- head

: Annular space
1.214
.
: Float ; sinker
1.215

.

-15

) ( .
: Uitrasonic flowmeter
1.216


.
.
1.217
: Primary device of an ultrasonic flow meter
:
. . 1.218 : Ultrasonic transducer
0
:
.

: Clamp-on meter
1.219
.
: Diagonal beam
1.220

.
1.221


) .( 26
single- path diagonal- beam meter :

1.222

) ( ) .( 28 27
Multi- Path Diagonal- Beam Meter

 1.223
: Time- of- flight ultrasonic meter ; transit time meter




.
: Bean- deflection meter
1.224

.
:
Phaseshift
meter
1.225
.
: ussian integration method

1.226

.

 ) : (25 ) ( ) (

) : (26 ) (

) : (27 ) (

 ) : (28

1.227

: Leading edge

) (1 .
) (2

.
:
Sing
around
) ( method
1.228


.
: Acoustic matching layer
1.229
.

-16

1.230
) ( 0

) ) (29
) , ( 0
1.231
,

, )0 (30
)
(0
1.232

0
1.233
)
( 00 0

1.234
(

)


00 0

) : (29

)(


) : (30

-17

) (

)(

) ( ,

) ( 0
1.235

1.236

0



1.237
0

1.238
0

1.239
) (

1.240
)( 0

1.241

)(PVG
1.242
, ) ( 0

1.243
,
0

 1.244
1.245 )(
) ( ) (
" 0
)( 0
)(
)0 (31
1.246
0
1.247
1.248

0
0
1.249
)( 0
0
1.250
0
1.251
0
1.252
1.253
0
0
1.254

,
0

 1.255

0
:
7 16 0

1.256

)0 (32
1.257
0
1.258

0 0

 ) : (31

 ) : (32
-18

profile......................................................................................................................................................................................

(swirling (vortex...........................................................................................................................................................................
stagnat Ion.............................................................................................................................................................................................
steady Flow.........................................................................................................................................................................
) (unsteady Flow................................................................................................................................
)(laminar Flow.................................................................................................................................................
turbulent Flow..........................................................................................................................................................
transition Flow...............................................................................................................................................................
) (isontropic Exponent....................................................................................................
compressibity Factor.................................................................................................................................................
uncertainties.......................................................................................................................................................................................
)(population..........................................................................................................................................................................
traceability............................................................................................................................................................................................
least.................................................................................................................................................................................................................
straightener....................................................................................................................................................................................
swirl Reducer....................................................................................................................................................................
) (drain Holes...................................................................................................................................................
vent Holen...............................................................................................................................................................
nozzle.....................................................................................................................................................................................................

 truncated........................................................................................................................................................
expansibility...........................................................................................................................................................................................
throat......................................................................................................................................................................................................
propeller...............................................................................................................................................................................................
compensating Propeller.........................................................................................................................................
spin..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
yow Probe...........................................................................................................................................................................
stationary Arrary.................................................................................................................................................................
orifice............................................................................................................................................................................................................
gate..............................................................................................................................................................................................................
annular Space........................................................................................................................................................................
float Sinker.......................................................................................................................................................................
uitrasonic.................................................................................................................................................................................
transducer....................................................................................................................................................................................
)(clamp.........................................................................................................................................................................................
diagonal Beam................................................................................................................................................................
beam-Deflection.........................................................................................................................................................
phase-Shift..............................................................................................................................................................................
leading Edge.......................................................................................................................................................................
sing................................................................................................................................................................................................................
acoustic matching layer..................................................................................................................................
cross-Correlation..........................................................................................................................................................................
) (ensor..............................................................................................................................................................................

-19
(ISO 4006/1991(E/F

.Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits- Vocabulary and symbols

MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW IN

CLOSED CONDUITS VOCABULARY AND SYMBOLS


Symbols and Abbreviations

Xt

The Average sample at time t))

random variable
The sample size
The GMA test statistic

Mt

(UCL(t

the time varying upper control

limit

(LCL(t

the time varying lower control

limit
The EWMA test statistic

The smoothing parameter

Constant for control limit

The sample mean

The sample variance

2 X

A proportion of the original

distance from the starting value

( )

Zt

)
( t

The shift in the mean

adjustment parameter

The location parameter

The scale parameter

) (

Median t ) random )
variable

Xt
g

No. of states in markov chain

The infinite test statistic for

EWMA

The size of the initial process

shift is units X given

Symbols and Abbreviations

Pij

The time dependent transition

probability

Rt

The time dependent transition

matrix

i
t j

t
i

Pij

The infinite time transition

probability
The infinite time transition
matrix
The run length distribution

Lt

Ft

The cumulative distribution run

length

j

t

UCL

Upper control limit

LCL

Lower control limit

CCL

central control line

MA

the Moving Average

GMA
EWMA

FIR
FIR-

The Geometric Moving-Average

The Exponentially weighted
Moving Average
Fast Initial Response
Exponentially weighted Moving
with

Fast Initial Response

ARL
RL

Average Run length

Run length