Mohit Saini 2k7-MRCE-EC-030

1G 2G

3G
4G

The Core Network It contains a core IP network that has little intellegence.Thus, most core functions such as routing are handled by existing and evolving IP technology.

Above the core is what we call a high level control layer.It does not provide function for routing or call pathsetup,unlike the control layer of SS7 in the PSTN,but leaves it to the core. It focuses on functions that can be made available to applications and overlay networks such as access to decision points for AAA,rule and role assignment for policy management.

Finally,the architrcture has an overlay layer that provides higher layer functionality and support services for applications such as location services and content distribution.

UMTS will be a mobile communications system that can offer significant user benefits including high-quality wireless multimedia services to a convergent network of fixed, cellular and satellite components. It will deliver information directly to users and provide them with access to new and innovative services and applications. It will offer mobile personalised communications to the mass market regardless of location, network and terminal used.

Multi-media Multi-environment

Multi-operator

Two main applications of wimax Fixed wimax :it is point to multi point enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and dsl for homes and business. Mobile wimax: it offers full mobility of cellular network at true broadband speeds.

OFDMA
Using ODFM, it is possible to exploit the time domain, the space domain, the frequency domain and even the code domain to optimize radio channel usage. It ensures very robust transmission in multi-path environments with reduced receiver complexity.

MIMO uses signal multiplexing between multiple transmitting antennas (spacemultiplex) and time or frequency. It is well suited to OFDM, as it is possible to process independent time symbols as soon as the OFDM waveform is correctly designed for the channel. This aspect of OFDM greatly simplifies processing. The signal transmitted by m antennas is received by n antennas. Processing of the received signals may deliver several performance improvements: range, quality of received signal and spectrum efficiency. In principle, MIMO is more efficient when many multiple path signals are received.

Voice Voice is and remains the most important type of application in mobile telecommunications. However, it will increasingly be combined with other forms of communication to form multimedia communication. Messaging Messaging services will be an important application segment. The success of SMS messaging shows that there is a marketplace for services like these. There is a new concept developed based on the notion of an enhanced SMS concept. This is called the multimedia messaging service (MMS).

Internet Access Internet access is an almost mandatory application for 3G/4G mobile terminals. Over the last decade the Internet has grown to be a very important communication medium, and it continues to grow rapidly. Location-Based Applications Emergency services E911 - Enhanced 911 Value-added personal services Friend finder, directions Commercial services Coupons or offers from nearby stores Network internal VIRTUAL NAVIGATION AND TELEGEOPROCESSING:You will be able to see the internal layout of a building during an emergency rescue. This type of application is some time referred to as telegeoprocessing.

Although the concept of 4G communications shows much promise, there are still limitations that must be addressed. A major concern is interoperability between the signaling techniques that are planned for use in 4G (3XRTT and WCDMA). Cost is another factor that could hamper the progress of 4G technology. The equipment required to implement the next-generation network are still very expensive. A Key challenge facing deployment of 4G technologies is how to make the network architectures compatible with each other. This was one of the unmet goals of 3G.

1. Support for interactive multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless Internet. 2. Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates. 3. Global mobility and service portability. 4. Scalability of mobile network. 5. Entirely Packet-Switched networks. 6. Digital network elements. 7. Higher band widths to provide multimedia services at lower cost(up to 100 Mbps). 8. Tight network security

Thank U