TRNG I HC SAO KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM V HA HC

TI: Sn xut biodiezel theo phng php chuyn ha este

GVHD: Th.s L Ba Khon SVTH:

Ng c Tnh

- Biodiesel (BD) cn c gi Diesel sinh hc l mt loi nhin liu c tnh cht ging vi du diesel (DO) nhng khng phi c sn xut t du m m t du thc vt hay m ng vt - Bn cht ca Biodiesel l sn phm Ester ha gia methanol hoc ethanol v acid bo t do trong du thc vt hoc m ng vt.

Tnh Cht
y l loi nhin liu c th ti ch Biodiesel khng c v d phn gii trong t nhin Biodiesel khi s dng cho ng c s gim lng kh thi

Cc ngun ch yu ch to biodiesel

Du m thi t nu nng

Vi to

Cy Jatropa
M c Cy c du

so snh mt s c tnh ca BD so vi DO
c tnh nhin liu Nhit tr, Btu/gal nht ng hc 400C, mm2/s T trng 150C, lb/gal Hm lng nc v cn c hc, max im chp chy, 0C im ng c, 0C Ch s cetane Diesel 129,05 1,3-4,1 7,079 0,05 Biodiesel 118,17 40-60 7,328 0,05

60-80 (-15) -5 40-55

100-170 (-3)-(-12) 48-65

BD c th s dng trc tip hay pha trn vi du DO

Cc loi BD pha trn thng gp: B2 : 2% Biodiesel + 98% diesel B5: 5% Biodiesel + 95% diesel B10: 10% Biodiesel + 90% diesel B20: 20% Biodiesel + 80% diesel B100: Biodiesel nguyn cht BD c tnh cht vt l gn ging nh DO nhng tt hn v mt cht thi

Kh nng thay th
L ngun nhin liu ca tng lai, khng gy nhim mi trng thay th cho nhin liu ha thch ang b cn kit. biodiesel l mt loi nhin liu c th ti ch t cc loi cht thi (du thc vt, du u nnh) qua s dng. c bit, loi nhin liu ny c th dng song song trn tt c cc xe s dng nhin liu diesel

BD l nng lng mi, gp phn bo m an ninh nng lng v bo v mi trng

Ni dung nghin cu

Nguyn liu

Du thc vt:

cc phn t triglyceridechim 90-98% Triglyceride c to thnh t ba phn t acid (R-COOH) v mt phn t glycerol [C3H5(OH)3]. Trong mt phn t triglyceride.

M ng vt

phn ha hc chnh ca m ng vt cng l cc triglyceride. Khong 50% cc acid bo trong m l acid bo no

Ru

C nhiu loi ru c dng trong phn ng chuyn ha du m thnh biodizel nh: metanol, etanol, butanol, isobutanol Trong ru metanol c dng nhiu hn c vi nhng u im sau: - Phn ng xy ra d dng, gi thnh thp, Metanol d dng ti sinh bng cc bin php chng ct thng thng

- Khi lng v th tch cn dng thp hn do khi lng mol ca metanol thp hn nhiu.

Xc tc

xc tc acid: acid Brnsted nh acid sulfonic, acid sulfuric, v acid hydrochloride, hoc cc acid Lewis nh cc mui acetate, stearate ca canxi, bari, mangan, ch, cadmium, km, cobalt, v nikel + Khng gy phn ng vi acid bo t do to ra x phng, do c th s dng c cho cc loi du ph thi c hm lng acid bo t do ca + Hiu qu xc tc cng cao.

Bn cht ca Biodiesel l sn phm Ester ha gia methanol v acid bo t do trong du thc vt hoc m ng vt. C : 100 kg du m + 10 kg methanol -> 100 kg biodiesel + 10 kg glycerol Phng trnh chuyn ha biodiesel c bn nh sau

Cc phng php chuyn ha

Chuyn ha este bng phng php gin on

Kim

Kim
Kim ha

Thit b phn ng

u nhc im
- u im:

+ c th tin hnh phn ng iu kin mm + to cho phn ng nhng hng i c o + thit b, cng ngh n gin, d vn hnh + ng hc xc tc d hiu, d biu din.
nhc im: + kh ti sinh xc tc + cht lng sn phm khng cao + tiu th nng lng, u t c bn xy dng ln

Chuyn ha este theo phng php lin tc

u nhc im
- u im: + ti sinh xc tc d dng + cht lng sn phm cao + t ng ha cng ngh + Gim chi ph sn xut nhc im: + tin hnh iu kin nhit p xut cao + cu to thit b phc tp + u t xy dng c bn ln, tiu tn nng lng

V mt mi trng

Gim lng pht thi kh CO2 Khng c hoc cha rt t cc hp cht ca lu hunh (<0,001% so vi n 0,2% trong du Diesel) Hm lng cc hp cht khc trong khi thi nh: CO, SOX, HC cha chy, b hng gim i ng k Khng cha HC thm nn khng gy ung th. C kh nng t phn hu v khng c Gim nhim mi trng nc v t Gim s tiu dng cc sn phm du m

u im ca biodiezel

V mt kinh t.
- thc y ngnh nng nghip pht trin, tn dng tim nng sn c ca ngnh nng nghip nh du ph thi, m ng vt, cc loi du khc t c gi tr s dng trong thc phm. - ng thi a dng ho nn nng nghip v tng thu nhp vng min nng thn. - Hn ch nhp khu nhin liu Diesel, gp phn tit kim cho quc gia mt khong ngoi t ln.

V mt k thut
-C ch s cetan cao hn Diesel. -Biodisel rt linh ng c th trn vi diesel theo bt k t l no. -Biodiesel c im chp chy cao hn diesel, t chy hon ton, an ton trong tn cha v s dng. -Biodiesel c tnh bi trn tt -Do c tnh nng tng t nh du Diesel nn nhn chung khi s dng khng cn ci thin bt k chi tit no ca ng

Nhc im
- Biodiesel c nhit ng c cao hn - Biodisel c nhit tr thp hn so vi diesel. - Chi ph sn sut cao nn gi thnh Biodiesel kh cao -Hin nay Biodiesel thng c sn xut ch yu l theo m. y l iu bt li v nng sut thp, kh n nh c cht lng sn phm cng nh cc iu kin ca qu trnh phn ng. - Hm lng NOx cao trong kh thi.

Tn cha

Du BO tn ti di dng lng, d bay hi, khng tan trong nc. v vy tn cha biodiezel trong cc tc, thng cha cch nhit tt, tr vi du BO..

kt lun
Kt lun

BD gim thiu s ph thuc vo nng lng nhin liu ha thch ang ngy cng cn kit

Gii quyt cc vn v bin i kh hu, an ninh nng lng quc gia, gp phn pht trin kinh t- x hi theo hng bn vng

Pht trin kinh t nng nghip , kch thch sn xut nng nghip v m rng th trng cho sn phm nng nghip trong nc

Bo m an ninh nng lng: pht trin NLSH gip cc quc gia ch ng, khng b l thuc vo vn nhp khu nhin liu, ng thi kim ch s gia tng gi xng du, n nh tnh hnh nng lng cho th gii.

Tuy nhin, BD hin nay cha c s dng rng ri v cn kh mi m , sn lng sn xut mi nm cn t, gi thnh cao Nguyn liu chit sut ra biodiesel khng n nh thay th cho ngun nguyn liu ha thch m ch thay th c mt phn khi pha ch vi nhau

Xin chn thnh cm n

S lng nghe ca thy c v cc bn