IMPULSE TURBINES

Prepared by: ROHAN PARMAR

Submitted To: Mr.MITESH RAVAL

WATER TURBINE
A water turbine is a rotary engine that takes energy from

moving water. Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. They harness a clean and renewable energy source, but can cause indirect environmental damage associated with water storage and construction.

WATER TURBINE
Flowing water is directed on to the

blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades. Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a distance is the definition of work). In this way, energy is transferred from the water flow to the turbine.

Water turbines are divided into two groups:

1. Reaction turbines 2. Impulse turbines

Reaction turbines:
Francis
Kaplan Tyson Gorlov

Impulse Turbines
Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet. The

jet pushes on the turbine's curved blades which changes the direction of the flow. The resulting change in momentum (impulse) causes a force on the turbine blades. Since the turbine is spinning, the force acts through a distance (work). Impulse turbines are most often used in very high head applications .

Types of Impulse turbine

Water wheel: A water wheel is a machine for

converting the energy of free-flowing or falling water into useful forms of power. A water wheel consists of a large wooden or metal wheel, with a number of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming the driving surface. Most commonly, the wheel is mounted vertically on a horizontal axle, but the tub or Norse wheel is mounted horizontally on a vertical shaft.

Types of Impulse turbine

Pelton wheel: The Pelton wheel is an

impulse turbine which is among the most efficient types of water turbines. It was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The Pelton wheel extracts energy from the impulse (momentum) of moving water, as opposed to its weight like traditional overshot water wheel.

Types of Impulse turbine

Turgo turbine: The Turgo turbine is

an impulse water turbine designed for medium head applications. Operational Turgo Turbines achieve efficiencies of about 87%. In factory and lab tests Turgo Turbines perform with efficiencies of up to 90%. It works with net heads between 15 and 300 m.

Types of Impulse turbine

Cross-flow turbine: Cross-flow

turbines are often constructed as two turbines of different capacity that share the same shaft. The turbine wheels are the same diameter, but different lengths to handle different volumes at the same pressure.

Types of Impulse turbine

Jonval turbine: In which water

descends through fixed curved guide vanes which direct the flow sideways onto curved vanes on the runner. It is named after Feu Jonval, who invented it.

Types of Impulse turbine

Archimedes' screw:

The Archimedes' screw, also called the Archimedean screw or screwpump, is a machine historically used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation ditches.