TYPES OF TURBINE

CONSTRUCTION AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

NAME: M.AZHAR BUTT

REG. NO.: 20CT043

PRESENTED TO: ENGR. MUNAWAR HUSSIAN

 TYPES OF TURBINE

THERE ARE FOUR MAIN TYPES OF TURBINE:

 WATER TURBINE
 STEAM TURBINE
 GAS TURBINE
 WIND TURBINE
 WATER TURBINE

Water turbines are generally divided into two categories:

(1) impulse turbines used for high heads of water and low flow rates and (2) reaction
turbines normally employed for heads below about 450 metres and moderate or high
flow rates. These two classes include the main types in common use—namely, the
Pelton impulse turbine and the reaction turbines of the Francis, propeller, Kaplan, and
Deriaz variety. Turbines can be arranged with either horizontal or, more commonly,
vertical shafts. Wide design variations are possible within each type to meet the
specific local hydraulic conditions. Today, most hydraulic turbines are used for
generating electricity in hydroelectric installations.
 IMPULSE TURBINE

In an impulse turbine the potential energy, or the head of water, is first converted into
kinetic energy by discharging water through a carefully shaped nozzle. The jet,
discharged into air, is directed onto curved buckets fixed on the periphery of the
runner to extract the water energy and convert it to useful work.
 REACTION TURBINE
In a reaction turbine, forces driving the rotor are achieved by the reaction of an
accelerating water flow in the runner while the pressure drops. The reaction principle
can be observed in a rotary lawn sprinkler where the emerging jet drives the rotor in
the opposite direction. Due to the great variety of possible runner designs, reaction
turbines can be used over a much larger range of heads and flow rates than impulse
turbines. Reaction turbines typically have a spiral inlet casing that includes control
gates to regulate the water flow. In the inlet a fraction of the potential energy of the
water may be converted to kinetic energy as the flow accelerates. The water energy is
subsequently extracted in the rotor.
 STEAM TURBINE
It is a machine that obtains thermal energy from the compressed steam and
converts it into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy uses to rotate the
output shaft. Turbines are particularly appropriate to drive the generators. Steam
turbines use steam as a working fluid. As the hot gaseous steam passes through the
rotating blades of the turbine, the steam expands and cools, releasing the maximum
part of the energy it comprises.
 GAS TURBINE
A gas turbine is basically an engine type that transforms the fuel’s chemical energy into mechanical power. These use in different
industries all over the world.

A gas turbine is a type of I.C. engine. These turbines are also known as jet engines. There is an upstream rotary compressor
connected to the downstream turbine and a combustor between the two.

A gas turbine has the same principle working like a steam power plant, aside from that air uses instead of water. Fresh air flows
through the compressor and reaches higher pressures. The combustion then creates a hot stream by injecting fuel into the
upcoming air from the inlet and ignite the air to add energy. This high pressure, high-temperature gas goes in the turbine and
expands with the exhaust pressure inside the turbine, creating shaft work.
 WIND TURBINE
These turbine types generate electricity by driving a
generator that uses natural wind. In the production of
electricity from this method, the high-speed wind
strikes with the blades of the turbine, which start
rotating. The rotation of these blades helps to rotate the
shaft of the generator. This shaft rotates the coil of the
generator due to that electricity produces. The wind is a
natural and clean source of energy. This electricity
generation process produces no emissions and is
continuously refilled with solar energy, never to run
out. Wind turbines are a natural evolution of traditional
windmills in many ways, but now they typically have 3
blades that rotate about the horizontal or vertical axis
of the tower.
THANK YOU!