Professional Documents
Culture Documents
: - ----
be +ing
.
subject + to be + verb + ing
be : are,is,am ing
.
: are , is , am .
:
: are,is,am
: ing
:
now
at present
for the time being
at the moment
This morning
30
This year
This week
: :
!hush up
stop
keep
look
listen
be careful
:
-1 ing -like-know-understand-want .
-2 y ing y ing .
Playplaying
Studystudying
Carrycarrying
-3 e ing e ing
be e .
Come coming
Take taking
Have having
31
Be being
-4
) (a,e,i,o,u ing ing .
Sit sitting
Put putting
Read reading
-5 ie ing ie y ing .
tie tying
die dying
32
lie lying
: .
: ed ied .
:
:
-1 :
-2 :
see saw
) (:
work worked
)( ed-ied
do did
am , is was
are were
have had
go went
come came
see saw
: did .
: did didnt ed ied
33
-1 ed ied .
-2 :
yesterday last day
the other day
in +
)( in 1920
: .
: y y ed
.
play played
stay stayed
say said
pay paid
y y y
i ed ied .
carry carried
study studied
try tried
34
:
.
-1 2
-2 5
-3
-4 1367
-5
-6
:
1-They helped us in the class at 2 oclock yesterday.
2-We saw you in the park at 5 oclock last week.
3- We wanted to go to school the other day.
4-We liked to be polite in the class in 1367 year.
5- We were tired yesterday.
6- The boy was lazy last year.
35
:
To Do
You
did.
He does.
Does he do?
Did he do?
Yes he did.
. -1
. -2
He has to go.
Does he have to go?
. -3
He had to teach.
Did he have to teach?
. -4
My father was here yesterday.
. -5
Their parents were kind last year.
. -6
36
-9 .
Their parents were watching the news when it was raining.
: when
37
:
) (to you
. :
please
) (
would you
could you
:
ing would you mind +
ing +
do you mind
you you .
to be you arent dont be again .
) ( ) dont go again ( you dont go
) (
38
:
.
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .
-9 .
-10 .
-11 .
-12 .
:
6-Please be happy.
7-Dont play football here again.
8-Dont open the door again.
9-Dont write on the black board again.
10-Dont be lazy again.
11-Dont be bad temper again.
12-Dont be rude again.
:
. -1
I work here every day.
I am working here now.
. -2
My father will buy a car tomorrow.
. -3
I will pass in the next year.
. -4
40
41
) (will shall .
:
( will shall
)( tomorrow
tomorrow
soon
sooner or later
three weeks
next +
42
unless
if
when
as long as
while
suppose
before
as soon as
after
till
until
to pass
( I ) + before +
( II ) before +
You will pass if you study.
If you study you will pass.
I will call you as soon as I get home.
As soon as I get home , I will call you.
43
) (
that .
)(1
+ + + that + + +
2.
1.
that
2.
1.
) :(2
that to .
1. 2. 3 to 2. 3
1. 2. 3 that 1. 2. 3
) : (3
that not to .
I want you that you dont go.
I want you not to go.
: not .
)(to go not to go
)(to be or not to be
)(
Not to go
Not to come
44
not to write
) :(4 that to
.
let
I let you go.
I make you that you be. I make you to be I make you be.
see
It helps to prevent
help
hear
watch
observe
feel
have
know
notice
) :(5 that
ing .
go. I see you that you go. I see you going
go. I saw you that you go. I saw you going
45
:
.
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .
46
) ( say
said.
) ( ) (
tell told .
)( )( mean meant.
I mean you
to tell a lie
to tell a fact
to tell a joke
47
:
-2
-1
-1 : :
every day
-1 : :
usually
hardly
some times
frequently
rarely
often
always
seldom
generally
scarely
: ever never .
4 .
-1 .
I always go there.
-2 .
.
They are always late.
48
-3
.
?Do you often go there
.
Yes I often do. - I often go there.
-4 .
) 2 )(. do (.
I always do go.
I never did go.
49
:
The ) - ( :
a-an
some
any
She has a pen.
an , a :
-1 u ) ( ) (a ) (u )(
) (an .
) (a u (an)
50
a university
a used car
an umbrella
an uncle
-2 ) (one ) (a :
A one story building.
A one eyed man.
A one celled animal.
-3 ) (h ) (a ) (h an .
)(
an hour
an honest man
an honor man
a hand
a hen
a hat
) :(1 the - - - .
) :(2 the .
The god, The sun, The earth, The moon, The sky
The :
51
The north
The south
The east
The west
The .
The bible
The koran
The torah
: made of .
Butter is made of the milk.
) (s The .
The .
The .
52
ours
mine
yours
yours
theirs
)(
his
)(
hers
)(
its
it is mine book.
53
book
It is my
:
)(of
)(s
Alis mother
Alis book
s es ies ) (s ) (, )(s
.
) (s .
) (s .
todays news
tomorrows news
54
. : ( )of -1
One of the students
Five of the chairs
Ten of the cars
: : from -2
Take the knife from the child.
Take the book from the desk.
I work here from morning to / till night.
I walk from here to/till my house.
from here to my house is 2 kilometers.
to be from
to come from
: . : out of -3
55
: through -4 .
.
The river passes through this village.
.
I can see through the glass.
.
Dont look through the pipe.
.
The water passes through the pipe.
: than -5 er
more .
) (
57
will shall
.
: :
: -
.
We will be sitting in the class and studying tomorrow morning.
: -
I will be seeing you tomorrow
.
58
:
all + all day tomorrow
+ This time next session
At 7 oclock next session
At 9 oclock tomorrow/ tonight
:
.
. -1
. -2
. -3
. -4
. -5
1- I had to be sure that that book didnt belong to you.
2- I had to do every thing that he told me.
3- He said that he couldnt help me in this time.
4- I didnt know that you wanted to bother me.
5-He thought that you might not come here.
59
:
.
-1 .
-2 8 .
-3 3 . .
-4 .
-5 .
60
Sequence of tenses
. .:
:
-1 .
He said that he had to do whatever his elder brother said.
-2 .
He knew well that he didnt have the right to fire me.
61
Used to
) - -( did
:
He used to smoke a lot.
else where :
someone else :
: Used to .
:
He used to be the dean of high school but he isnt now ,again.
: used to would .
-
62
used to/would
used to
else where :
someone else :
:
-1 .
Whenever I needed some money, I used to/would go to my mother.
-2 .
He used to work else where.
-3
?Did your father use to have a car
.
-4
I used to sleep late, but I get up early now.
-5 .
We used to live another the city.
-6 .
Some one else used to be our teacher.
/ ing / +
To be used to
) ( .
To get used to ) ( .
63
to take a nap :
to do exercises :
or else :
:
.
-1 .
.
-2
-3 .
64
. -4
. -5
. -6
. -7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
65
Question tag
) -
- ( :
-1 not
:
-1
?We must obey the regulations , mustnt we
-2
?He can trust us , cant he
-3
?I believed what you said , didnt I
-2
?She isnt afraid of the dog, is she
?They didnt accuse him of stealing, did they
-
?You dont like to be called stupid, do you
: 1 am not arent I am I not
:
66
?I am faithful to ypu ,arent I
?I am faitful to you, am I not
?I am kind to the children, arent I
: 2
there :
?Money doesnt bring luck, does it
.
?The students are willing to stay more, arent they
.
?Ali reza is waiting outside, isnt he
.
?There is no class today, is there
.
?That book doesnt belong to you, does it
: 3 .
Hardly / Never / Barely / No / Seldom/ None/ Rarely/ Little / Scarcely / Few
:
.
67
.
Leyla never tells lise, dose she?
shall we ) ( lets : 4
:
Lets go to tell him every thing , shall we?
Lets study together, shall we?
: tag : 5
Will you- would you- can you- could you
Do me a favor, will you?
Come and see us, will you?
Dont be so stingy, will you?
68
Avoid Repatition
a an
one Any & some . no
none
. ) (
too either .
a/an
)(1
one, too
I want to buy one, too.
Some
)(2
I like some, too.
some, too
any
)(3
I dont have any, either.
any, either
no
none, either
to know of:
to be willing:
party :
. . -1
. -2
He has a lot of good friends in this class, I have some too
. -3
I have no time to answer the telephone , he doesnt have any either.
. . -4
I know of a good doctor, I know of one too
. -5
They arent willing to go to that party , either.
70
The additions
_
:
+ so +
+too +
+ neither +
+ either +
:
-1 .
He is in a good mood today, so am I/ I am too.
-2 .
He used to study here, so did his brother/ his brother did too.
-3 .
He doesnt have to work with you, neither do the workers/ the workers dont either.
-4 .
He wont attend the class tomorrow, his friend wont either/ neither will his friend.
-5 .
I thanked him, so did ali.
71
. -6
He didnt say hello to me, neither did his brother.
. -7
He is one of my old friends , so is ali .
. -8
We will have a test next week , so will they.
. -9
I cant understand your words well , neither can he.
72
CAN
can
will be able to .
) ( can will be able to
) ( can can
-1 .
You can come with me tomorrow, provided you ask your fathers permission.
-2 .
My foot hurts painfully, I wont be able to play on the team tomorrow.
MUST
must .
will have to .
) (
) (
73
must Must
-1 ) ( .
You must do what I say, or else I will fire you.
-2 .
If you want to pass in the university enterance examination , you will have to study
hard.
WANT
will want
.
to be going to
.
+ want +
expect
to be going to +
intend
will want +
need
+ Want +
:
.
74
want
I will want my money next week - Im going to buy a car- I want you to pay my
money back.
75
Some &any
some -1 ) ( )
( any .
:
I want to buy some books.
.
.
.
I dont want any of you to fail.
: 1 some.
?You look thirsty , do you want some water
: 2 some any .:
?would you like some more tea
: 3 some .
You should have a good command of english because some day , some student may
ask you some question that you cant answer.
) ( ) (
.
any : 4 .
76
.
What would you like for lunch? Any thing you like.
77
some body
some one
some thing
some where
some place
every body
every one
every thing
every where
every place
no some .
no body
no one
no thing
no where
no place
.
some body / every body / nobody / any body works
78
s else
s .
Some body
+ s +
+ elses +
every body
no body
any body
some no
no any .
Somebody knows him.
He knows somebody.
He knows nobody.
-1
-2
-3
-4
79
-5
some people
some thing
some things
some places
: . other : Else
. what some
what other people?
80
:
some body else / some one else
who else?
what else?
where else?
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
81
/ s + of + this,that,these,those +
This book of Alis.
This book of mine.
-1
-2
-3
.
This son of Alis always bothers us.
-4 .
These students of ours like to write more persian sentences.
-5 .
One student of mine wants to know the fact.
-6 .
This teacher of ours sometimes doesnt listen to our words.
-7 .
82
83
possesive forms
-1
-2
of -3 s
: own -4 .
His father owns a factory.
- .
: own .
that is my own car.
?whose car is it
: belong to : .
This fountain pen belongs to me.
84
keep )( ) (
if whether .
.
) ( or not whether ) ( or not
whether .
I want to know if you will come here tomorrow on Friday.
I want to know whether you will come here tomorrow on Friday.
I want to know whether or not you will come here tomorrow on Friday.
I want to know whether you will come here tomorrow on Friday or not.
85
(
) - - ( did
you say . did you say
.
:
?Where are you going
(
do you think
.
:
? Who is he
86
self
-1
.
Reflexive pronouns
ourselves
myself
yourselves
yourself
:
?Why didnt you introduce yourself
.
I think she is crazy, she is talking to herself.
-2 self .
87
:
You told it to me, yourself.
You, yourself told it to me.
.
They invited us themselves.
They themselves invited us.
-3 self by all by
.
: .
My son is old enough to go to school by himself.
: .
He is sitting at the door all by himself and crying.
-4 self ) (
to for .
I take the books with me/ myself
she has some money on her/ herself
close the window behind you/ yourself
she made address for herself
I read the text to myself
88
Here
+ +
There
Here
+ +
There
:
) (
) (
Here I am.
Here you are.
Here it is .
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
89
) (
you first:
) (
after you:
ladies first:
please be seated:
go on:/ go ahead
who is speaking:
.
There is a pen in my pocket , come and take it.
.
When I came in, there were two pens on my desk.
.
There is some cold water in the refrigerator.
90
:
.
-1
-2
-3
-4 .
-5 .
1- I want to know whether you are going to buy or rent the house.
2- Ask him if he can lend you some money.
3- Im not sure whether he will come to the meetting with me or not.
4- He lives in this small home by him self.
5- I wish I could see my self as others see me.
91
it
it
:
-1 :
:
It is hot today.
It is cold today.
.
It was raining.
It is sunny.
-2 :
:
Hurry up ! it is getting late .
.
? 5 2
it is about 5 miles.
5 .
92
: : -4
.
Who is it at the door? It must be Ali.
: -5
.
It is easy.
It is easy to speak English.
It is easy for you to speak English.
: it -6
That is it
It is a pity :
Be it so :
take it easy:
it is time:
it makes no difference :
it is no Use/ Good
+ + ing
It isnt up to you
93
16
1 I take.
2. I am taking.
3. I have taken.
) (
) (
1. I will take.
2. I will be taking.
1. I would take.
2. I would be taking.
1. I took.
2. I was taking.
3. I had taken.
94
= along -1 .
= across .
.
I went across the street.
.
I saw him walking along the street yesterday.
.
There is a sandwich shop across the street.
: against -2 .
It is against regulations.
-3 by
in on
on .
By bus , By taxi , By car , By subway , By plane
) By land , By sea , By air , By train ( rail road
in/on a bus
in the car , in my car
on a bicycle , on a horse
95
.
It is hotter inside the class than outside.
.
The door is locked from inside.
come in.
go out.
.
He jumped into the pool with his clothes on and pulled the drowning boy out of the
pool.
: in .
96
. in there , here :
Come in here.
Dont smoke in there .
to eat in.
to eat out.
to be in.
to be out.
to let in.
to let out.
to breathe in.
to breathe out.
97
: at -6 ) ( table , desk . :
.
He is sitting at the window and watching out.
.
Sit at your desk and teach.
: in : at
The plane will land in Tehran at Mehrabad airport.
: at : in -
He works at the oil company in accounting department.
: office :
.
Mr Jones is somewhere at the office but not in his office.
: on -7 .
:
.
Dont sit on the floor ! sit on the chair.
98
: 1
Where should I write my name? over the line or under it .
. : 2
There are four lights above our heads.
: 3
What is it under your foot
99
) ( :
:
.
:
: A .
For
.
+ +
:
I have known him for two years.
.
5 .
: B
. ) ( since
.
+ + +
: 2 .
He has been here since two oclock.
100
: .
He hasnt gone to school since last week.
C ) ( .
:
I havent notified them.
:for -1
for +
for two weeks.
: since .2
since +
since yesterday
101
since + last +
since last week
.4
+ since + ( I )
it is + + since + ( II )
.( II) since ( I)
. :
It has been three months since we started this term.
It is three months since we started this term.
102
:
.
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
- - - p.p
: ever-never .6 -
ever never .
103
: .
? Have you ever been to England
No, I havent ever been to England.
No, I have never been to England.
.7
.
So far
by now
up to now
up till now
up to the present time.
: already .8 p.p
.
: .
We are late , the bell has already gone/ rung.
: just .9 - - p.p .
:
.
I have just finished my work.
104
: yet .10
not not .
:
? Have you notified them yet
.
No, I havent notified them yet.
No, I have not yet notified them.
- :
: yet .11
dont do that yet.
: still .12 - - -
.
105
) (
: .
:
: A
for
.
:A
+ +
+ For +
: 1 .
I had known him for two years.
: 2 / .
He hadnt eaten anything for three days when we took him to the doctor.
: B ) (
.
.
: 1/
He said ( that ) he had notified you before.
: 2/ .
I thought ( that ) you had understood every thing.
106
: .
:
+ when/before +
+ after +
+ since +
107