I

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.
Nhm sinh vin:

1-Nguyn Thi Thanh.
2-Lu Mnh Tun.
3-V Vn Tun.
Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Contents
CC YU CU CHNH VI CONTACTOR ................................................................. 8
I.
II. CHN PHNG N ..................................................................................................... 10

1. La chn nam chm in ............................................................................................ 10
2. H thng tip im ....................................................................................................... 10
3. Bung dp h quang .................................................................................................... 11
4. H thng phn lc ........................................................................................................ 12
5. Chn phng n kt cu: ............................................................................................ 12
III.
TNH V DNG C TNH C .............................................................................. 14
1. Khi nim:.................................................................................................................... 14
2. Thanh dn : .................................................................................................................. 14
3. Thanh dn tnh. ........................................................................................................... 18
4. u ni: ........................................................................................................................ 18
5. Tip im...................................................................................................................... 19
6. Tnh dng hn dnh v bin php chng hn dnh :................................................... 25
7. S rung ca tip im :................................................................................................ 26
8. S mn ca tip im : ................................................................................................ 27
IV.
TNH V DNG C TNH C .............................................................................. 29
1. Lp s ng. ............................................................................................................ 29
2. Tnh ton l xo. ............................................................................................................ 30
3. Tnh ton l xo nh. .................................................................................................... 30
4. Tnh ton l xo tip im chnh. .................................................................................. 32
5. Tnh ton l xo tip im ph...................................................................................... 33
6. Xc nh cc lc:.......................................................................................................... 35
7. th ng c tnh c: ............................................................................................ 36
V. BUNG DP H QUANG IN. ................................................................................. 37
1. Khi nim v h quang in ........................................................................................ 37
2. H quang in xoay chiu: .......................................................................................... 38
3. Yu cu i vi bung dp h quang. ......................................................................... 39
4. Chn vt liu lm bung dp h quang. ..................................................................... 39
5. Kt cu bung dp h quang. ...................................................................................... 40
6. Tnh ton v chn la. ................................................................................................. 41
VI.
NAM CHM IN ..................................................................................................... 43
1. Khi nim chung. ......................................................................................................... 43

2. Tnh kch thc c bn nam chm in...................................................................... 43
3. Chn vt liu mch t: ............................................................................................. 44
4. Chn t cm, h s t r, h s t tn: ....................................................................... 45
5. Tnh tit din li mch t: ........................................................................................... 45
6. Tnh ton cun dy: ..................................................................................................... 46
Sc t ng ca cun dy: .............................................................................................. 47
a.
b. Kch thc cun dy: ......................................................................................................... 48

7. Kch thc mch t: .................................................................................................... 49
VII.
TNH TON KIM NGHIM NAM CHM IN ................................................. 51
1. Lp s thay th: ...................................................................................................... 51

2. Tnh t dn khe h khng kh. .................................................................................... 52
3. Xc nh h s t r ti th : .................................................................................. 57
4. Xc nh s vng dy ................................................................................................... 59
5. Tnh ton vng ngn mch chng rung: ..................................................................... 61
6. Xc nh kch thc vng ngn mch ......................................................................... 64
7. H s to nhit ca vng ngn mch ........................................................................... 65
8. Tn hao trong li thp ................................................................................................. 65
9. Tnh dng in trong cun dy nam chm in ......................................................... 66
10.
Tnh ton nhit dy qun nam chm in ............................................................... 68
11.
Tnh v dng c tnh lc ht.................................................................................. 70
12.
Tnh v dng c tnh lc nh ................................................................................. 71
VIII. THIT K KT CU ................................................................................................. 73

1. Kt cu v..................................................................................................................... 73
2. H thng tip im ....................................................................................................... 74
3. Nam chm in ............................................................................................................ 75
4. H thng mch t......................................................................................................... 76
5. H thng dp h quang................................................................................................ 76
TI LI U THAM KHO ..................................................................................................... 77
YU CU THIT K
I. ti thit k:
Thit k cng tc t xoay chiu ba pha
II. Cc s liu ban u:
- Tip im chnh
: Im = 63 A, Um = 400 V
- S lng
: 3 tip im chnh thng m; 2 tip im ph
thng m; 2 tip im ph thng ng.
- Nam chm in
: Um = 380 V, f=50Hz, Im ph = 5 A.
- Tn s thao tc
: 500 ln ng ct / gi.
- Tui th c
: 100000; in : 1000000 ln ng ct
- Lm vic lin tc, cch in cp B.
III. Ni dung cc phn thuyt minh v tnh ton:
1. Chn phng n kt cu ( s ng, kiu tip im, kiu nam chm
in).
2. Tnh mch vng dn in: thanh dn, u ni, tip im.
3. Chn hp dp h quang.
4. Tnh ton l xo nh, l xo tip im.
5. Dng c tnh c.
6. Tnh ton nam chm in.
7. Tnh v dng c tnh lc ht in t.
8. Tnh ton nhit, h s nh, trng lng nam chm in v cng tc t.
9. Thit k kt cu.
10. V bn v tng hp lp rp kh giy A0
IV. Ngy giao nhim v thit k:
A.GII THIU V CONTACTOR.

Khi qut v cng tc t
Cng tc t l kh c in dng ng, ct thng xuyn cc mch in
ng lc, t xa, bng tay hay t ng.
Vic ng ct cng tc t c tip im c th c thc hin bng nam
chm in, thu lc hay kh nn. Thng thng ta gp loi ng, ct bng nam
chm in.
Theo nguyn l truyn ng ngi ta phn ra cc loi cng tc t ng ct
tip im bng in t, bng thu lc, bng kh nn v khng tip im.
Theo dng dng in ng ct c loi cng tc t in mt chiu v cng tc
t in xoay chiu. Cng tc t in mt chiu dng ng, ct mch in mt
chiu, nam chm in ca n l nam chm in mt chiu. Cng tc t in xoay
chiu dng ng, ct mch in xoay chiu, nam chm in ca n c th l
nam chm in mt chiu hay xoay chiu.
Cu to v nguyn l cng tc t xoay chiu ba pha
Cu to
Cng tc t xoay chiu c cc b phn chnh sau:
- H thng mch vng dn in ( thanh dn, u ni, tip im)
- H thng dp h quang
- Nam chm in
- C cu phn lc
- Cc chi tip kt cu v v cm cch in
b. Nguyn l chung
Cc cng tc t lm vic trn nguyn l in t: s dng lc in t ca nam
chm in ng ct. Nam chm in gm: mch t v cun dy. Mch t dng
dn t n l nhng l thp k thut in ghp li vi nhau, hnh ch E hay U.
Mch t gm hai phn: mt phn c nh, phn cn li l np c ni vi h
thng qua tip im qua tay n. Cun dy nam chm in xoay chiu c in tr
rt nh so vi in khng.
Khi cho dng in vo cun dy, t thng s c sinh ra trong nam chm
in.T thng ny sinh ra mt lc in t. Khi lc in t ln hn lc c th np
mch t c ht v pha mch t tnh, lm cho tip im ng tip xc vi tip
im tnh. Tip im tnh c gn trn thanh dn tnh, u kia ca thanh dn c
vt bt dy in ra, vo. Cc l xo tip im c tc dng duy tr mt lc p tip
im cn thit ln tip im. ng thi tip im ph cng c ng vo vi tip
im ph thng m v m ra i vi tip im thng ng. L xo nh b nn li.

Khi ngt in vo cun dy, t thng s gim xung v khng, ng thi lc
in t do n sinh ra cng gim v khng. Khi l xo nh s y ton b phn
ng ca cng tc t ln v ct dng in ti ra. Khi tip im ng tch khi tip
im tnh ca mch t chnh th h quang s xut hin gia hai tip im. Nh cc
vch ngn trong bung dp h quang, h quang s c dp tt.
B.TNH TON THIT K

I.
CC YU CU CHNH VI CONTACTOR
a. Yu cu v k thut:
Yu cu k thut l mt yu cu quan trng v quyt nh nht i vi qu
trnh thit k kh c in. N bao gm cc yu cu v:

- bn nhit ca cc chi tit, b phn ca kh c in khi lm vic ch
nh mc v ch s c. V vy cn phi m bo bn nhit ca cc chi tit,
b phn phi nh hn nhit cho php khng lm gim c tnh, gim tui
th.
- bn cch in ca cc chi tit b phn cch in v khong cch cch in
khi lm vicvi in p ln nht khng xy ra phng in, trong iu kin mi
trng xung quanh cng nh khi c qu in p ni b hoc qu in p do kh
quyn gy ra.
- bn c v tnh chu mn ca cc b phn kh c in trong gii hn s ln
thao tc thit k, thi hn lm vic ch lm vic nh mc v ch s c.
- Kh nng ng ct ch nh mc v ch s c, bn in thng qua
cc chi tit, b phn.
- bn c, ha hc i vi mi trng xung quanh.
- Tnh nng k thut, cng ngh tin tin, kt cu n gin, khi lng v kch
thc nh.
b. Cc yu cu v vn hnh:

Khi vn hnh,s dng cn ch cc yu cu sau:
- nh hng ca mi trng xung quanh: m, nhit do cn phi trnh
cc tc ng c hi ca mi trng ln thit b in.
- C tin cy i vi ngi s dng, vn hnh, thao tc.
- Tui th ln, thi gian s dng lu di.
- n gin, d thao tc,sa cha, thay th.
- Chi ph vn hnh v tiu tn nng lng t.
c. Cc yu cu v kinh t x hi
y l mt trong cc yu cu quyt nh ti v tr ca sn phm:
Khi thit k mt sn phm ni chung v mt thit b in ni ring u tin ngi
thit k phi ch n th trng, lm th no khi a ra sn phm ca mnh th
c th chim c u th so vi cc sn phm cng chng loi, cng c cht lng
k thut th thit b ca mnh phi c gi thnh h, c tnh thm m ca kt cu, vn
u t khi lp rp, ch to l nh nht.
d. Cc yu cu v cng ngh ch to
- Tnh cng ngh ca kt cu: dng cc chi tit, cm quy chun, tnh lp dn
- Lu n kh nng ch to: mt bng sn xut, c im t chc sn xut, kh
nng ca thit b.
- Lu n kh nng pht trin ch to, s lp ghp vo cc t hp khc, ch to
dy.
II.
CHN PHNG N
c kt cu hp l v ph hp vi iu kin cng ngh nc ta hin nay,

vic tham kho mt s mu hin c trn th trng nc ta c th chn ra c
phng n ti u, ph hp l rt cn thit.
1. La chn nam chm in
Do bi ton yu cu thit k cng tc t xoay chiu nn chn nam chm in
xoay chiu. Nam chm in l b phn quan trng ca CTT, dng bin in
nng thnh c nng.
Nam chm in c hai b phn chnh: mch t v cun dy.
Mch t ca nam chm in xoay chiu c hai dng: ch E np ht thng
hoc ch U np ht quay. Qua thc t th ngi ta thng chn nam chm in
dng ch E np ht thng, c lm t thp k thut in gim tn hao do t tr
v dng xoy.
Loi kt cu nam chm in np ht thng c np v phn ng chuyn
ng tnh tin, phng chuyn ng trng vi phng tc dng ca lc. ng thi
c tnh lc ht tng i ln, hnh trnh chuyn ng nhanh, thi gian chuyn
ng ngn.
Tuy nhin loi ny c nhng nhc im: c bi s dng in ln nn
khng dng cho ch lm vic trung bnh v ln nh, cng sut nh.
Loi nam chm in np ht quay dng cho dng in ln. Vi dng in
ln nu dng kiu ht thng th kch thc s rt ln nhng dng kiu ht quay
kch thc s nh hn.
Yu cu ti thit k dng qua tip im chnh l 80A nn ta chn mch t
ch E ht thng.
2. H thng tip im
Cng tc t dng ng, ngt vi tn s cao nn tui th ca CTT ph
thuc vo h thng tip im.
H thng tip im c nhim v ng ngt mch in, dng in chy t
tip im tnh sang tip im ng qua b mt tip xc. H thng tip im CTT
xoay chiu kiu ht thng thng s dng cc dng tip xc sau:
- Tip xc im: dng vi dng in b, khng cn lc p tip im ln
thng dng trong rle.
10

- Tip xc ng: dng cho dng in ln n vi trm ampe hc ln hn,
thng dng khi NC np ht quay
- Tip xc mt: dng cho dng in ln cn mt lc p tip im ln.
Kt cu tip im ph thuc vo dng in, chc nng ca tip im, tn s
lm vic, tui th v nhiu yu t khc. V vy khi thit k cn m bo cc yu t:
- Cc tip im chnh phi c in tr tip xc b.
- Khi lm vic ch nh mc tip im khng c pht nng qu tr s
cho php.
- Phi n nh vi tc ng nhit v in ng ca dng in.
- Phi m bo bn c, in l b nht, rung tip im khng c ln
hn tr s cho php.
V yu cu thit k l Im = 80 A, chn kt cu tip im l tip im kiu
bc cu mt pha hai ch ngt. Vi n u im l kh nng dp h quang cao, khng
cn dy ni mm. Nhng nhc im ca n l: khi ng ngt ln th lc tc ng
ln nh hng n kch thc ca KC, khng dng vi dng ln.
Tip im kiu ngn mt pha mt ch ngt th dp h quang kh hn, c
dy ni mm, n thng s dng vi dng in ln, kt cu phc tp. Ta khng
chn kt cu loi ny.
3. Bung dp h quang
- Thit b dp h quang phi tha mn nhng yu cu sau:
+ m bo c kh nng ng v kh nng ct, ngha l m bo gi tr dng
in ng v dng in ngt iu kin cho trc.
+ C thi gian chy nh gim n mn tip im v thit b dp h quang.
+ Qu in p thp.
+ Kch thc bung dp h quang nh.
- C 2 phng php dp h quang ph bin l:
+ Dng bung dp h quang kiu dn dp: c lm t nhng l thp non ghp li
c khe h vi nhau, khi h quang xut hin n c y vo dn dp do lc in
ng, h quang c chia nh thnh tng on, chm vo vch ngn v nhanh
chng b dp tt. Phng php ny cho ta kh nng rt ngn ng k chiu di h
quang v dp n trong th tch nh, do pht sng t v m thanh b hn ch.
Phng php ny c kt cu n gin, d ch to v kh nng dp h quang cng
rt tt, ph hp vi CTT xoay chiu.
+ Dng bung dp h quang kiu khe hp cng vi cun thi t, di tc dng ca
t trng ln dng in h quang, sinh ra lc in ng ht h quang vo bung
dp khe h hp nn h quang nhanh chng c dp tt. Phng php ny c kh
nng rt tt xong kt cu phc tp, thng dng CTT dng in ln, ch lm
vic nngph hp vi CTT mt chiu.
11

Vy ta chn bung dp h quang kiu dn dp.
4. H thng phn lc
T kiu dng v kt cu nam chm in m ta chn l xo tip im loi xon
tr lm vic chu nn.
- Loi l xo ny c bn c cao v t b n mn, to c lc p ln, lm
vic n nh, khng c dng in chy qua nn khng b pht nng khng gi ha.
Do lm vic tin cy, hiu qu cao.
- Kt cu n gin, d ch to.
Tm li.
Qua s phn tch cc mu hin c, trn c s iu kin nc ta, ta chn dng
kt cu CTT nh sau:
- Mch t ch E, np ht thng
- C bung dp h quang kiu dn dp
- Kt cu tip im:
+ Kiu bc cu mt pha hai ch ngt
+ Tip im tnh hn c nh vi thanh dn
+ Tip im ng chuyn ng, thng tnh tin .
- L xo tip im kiu xon tr, chu nn.
i vi tip im chnh Im = 95 A ta chn tip xc kiu tr cu - mt phng
( tip xc im )
i vi tip im ph dng in lm vic Im = 5A tip xc kiu mt cu mt cu ( tip xc im ).
5. Chn phng n kt cu:
Kh c in l nhng thit b trc tip ng ct mch in, do vy trong
qu trnh ng ct dng ln cng tc t phi chu dng in h quang, qu in p
in v bo v chng trong cc trng hp s c. Qua phn tch u nhc im
ca cc kt cu cng vi d tham kho thc t em chn kt cu nh hang LG loi
GMC_65 c kt cu:
Chn nam chm in loi ch E np ht thng, tip im kiu bc cu hnh
tr tip xc mt hai ch ngt. L xo tip im v l xo nh kiu l xo xon hnh tr
Chn bung dp h quang kiu dn dp, mi chi tit tip im s c mt
bung dp h quang ring.
12
S kt cu c bn ca cng tc t ( hnh 1 )
1. Gi phn ng
2. L xo tip im
3. Tip im ng
4. Tip im tnh
5. Np NC
6. L xo nh
7. Thn (li) NC
8. Bung dp h quang
1
3
6
4
8
13
III.
TNH V DNG C TNH C

1. Khi nim:
Mch vng dn in ca KC gm nhiu chi tit c hnh dng v kch thc
khc nhau :
Mch vng dn in ca CTT in xoay chiu ta thit k gm:
+ Thanh dn ng
+ Thanh dn tnh
+ Tip im ng
+ Tip im tnh
+ Phn u ni
Mch vng dn in li c : mch vng dn in chnh v mch vng dn
in ph.Vic tnh ton 2 mch vng ny tng t nhau.
2. Thanh dn :
Gm thanh dn ng v thanh dn tnh . Trong thit k ta tnh ton cho
thanh dn ng, v thanh dn ny cng chu I dm nh nhau nhng do thanh dn
tnh c phn u ni ra ngoi nn thng ly kch thc ln hn thanh dn ng.
a. Tnh chn thanh dn .
Yu cu vi vt liu thanh dn:
+ Dn in tt, in tr sut nh
+ bn c cao
+ Kh b xi ha, n mn ha hc.
+ Dn nhit, ta nhit tt
p ng cc yu cu trn ta chn dy dn bng ng ko ngui c thit
din hnh ch nht, cc thng s k thut, vt l tra bng 2_22 trang 82 TLTK:
+ Khi lng ring =8.9 g/cm3
14

+ in tr sut 20 oC 20 =0,0174.10-3 m
+ dn in
=393 w/cmoC
+ cng Briven
HB=80 120 KG/mm 2
+ Nhit nng chy
nc =1083 oC
+ H s nhit in tr
=0,0043 oC-1
Tnh kch thc thanh dn ch lm vic di hn:

b
2
I dm
.k f
2.n(n 1).kT . od
CT (2-6) trang 19 TLTK
a = n.b
a: chiu rng thanh dn
b: chiu dy thanh dn
n: t s tit din, chn n = 7
I dm : dng in nh mc
od : n nh nhit vi ng tra bng 6-1 trang 288 TLTK od =55

k f : h s tn hao ph, chn k f =1,05
-6
kT : h s ta nhit, tra bng 6-5 trang 300 chn kT =8.10 W/m 2 .0 C
: in tr sut thanh dn o C : 20 [1+ ( -20)]
: h s nhit in tr 0,0043 1/ 0C
20 : in tr sut 20 o C
: nhit lm vic nguy him nht: od o 55 40 950 C

o : nhit mi trng xung quanh 400 C
0, 0174.103 [1+0,0043(95-20)] =0,023.10 -3m
Kch thc thanh dn chnh: I=63A

b
632.0, 023.103.1, 05
1,95mm
2.7.(7 1).8.106.55
15
a = n b = 7.1,95 = 13,65 mm
Tuy nhin trn thanh dn c gn tip im,cho nn thanh dn phi c kch

thc m bo ln hn kch thc ca tip im,kch thc ca tip im ph
thuc vo dng in nh mc.Vi dng in nh mc l 63A,tra bng 2.5 Ti
liu TKKCHA ta c ng knh tip im dt = 16 (mm).
Vy : athc t = dt + (1-2)mm chn a thc t = 16+2 =18(mm)
b thc t = 2 (mm)
Tit din ca thanh dn: S = a.b = 18.2 =36 (mm2)
P = 2.(18+2) = 40 (mm)
b. Tnh kim nghim thanh dn
Kim nghim thanh dn ch lm vic di hn:
+ Mt dng in:
j
I dm 63
1, 75 A / mm 2
S
36
Tha mn: 2 j 4 A / mm 2
+ Nhit pht nng:
td =
Idm 2 .o .k ph s. p.kT o
spkT I dm 2 0 .k ph
0, 0174.103
20
=0,016.10-3mm
in tr sut 0 C: o =
=
1+ .20 1 0, 0043.20
o
Vy nhit thanh dn l:
632.0, 016.103.1, 05 36.40.8.10 6.40
td
46,960 C
6
2
3
36.40.8.10 63 .0, 016.10 .1, 05.0, 0043
Vi td =46,960C < cp =950C nn thanh dn tha mn v nhit ch

nh mc.
Kim tra thanh dn ch ngn mch: bn nhit ca KC l tnh cht
chu c s tc dng nhit ca dng ngn mch trong thi gian ngn mch n c
16
trng bng dng bn nhit (l dng in m thanh dn cha b bin dng).

Mt dng in cho php vi ng tra bng 6-7 trang 305 TLTK:
t(s)
10
[j] (A/mm 2 )
94
82
51
[j]: dng in ngn mch cho php

C th tnh dng in vi cc thi gian khc nhau theo cng thc:
I1. t1 I 2 . t2
T cng thc trang 313 c:

jnm
Abd Ad
tnm
Abd , Ad: h s tch phn tra th trang 313 TLTK

Abd = 3,75.104 A2s/mm4
Ad = 1,75.104 A2s/mm4
t(s)
10
j (A/mm 2 )
81,64
76,7
44,7
So snh vi [j] bn trn ta thy tha mn.

Nhn thy mt dng in thanh dn khi xy ra ngn mch nh hn mt dng
in cho php nn thanh dn chu c khi ngn mch.
Vy vi vt liu chn v kch thc a,b nh trn,tha mn yu cu lm vic
ch di hn v ngn hn.
17
3. Thanh dn tnh.
Vt liu c chn l MI-TB
Ta chn kch thc thanh dn tnh c kch thc ln hn kt thanh dn ng
l : a = 20(mm) v b=2(mm) nn khng cn kim tra li na.
4. u ni:
2
3
1:Vt bt mi ni.
2:m l xo vnh.
3:Dm phng.
Hnh 2.1 Kt cu u ni.

u ni l b phn a in vo ra ca KC
u ni tip xc l phn t rt quan trng trong KC nu khng m bo c
th gy h hng trong qu trnh vn hnh.
Yu cu i vi u ni :
+ Nhit ca cc u ni ch di hn < [ ]
+ Lc p u ni ln in tr tip xc nh tn hao nh.
+ m bo bn c hc tt
18
+ m bo n nh nhit, in ng khng b hn dnh khi lm vic

di hn, cng nh khi xy ra s c v in
Chn dng kt cu:kt cu mi ni tho ri bng bulong c cng ai c bng
thp,ng knh ren M6.15
Hnh 2.2: Kt cu mi ni tho ri.

Din tch b mt tip xc : Stx
I dm
63
203, 2mm2
jtx 0,31
i vi thanh dn bng ng c f = 50Hz v dng in nh mc Im =< 200A c

th ly jtx = 0,31 A/mm2
Ftx ftx .Stx 125.203, 2.10 2 254 KG 2,5 KN
tha mn
+ Tnh in tr tip xc phn u ni:

Rtx
ktx
(0,102.Ftx ) m
ktx : h s tip xc tra bng trang 59 TLTK: ktx=0,1.10
-3
Tip xc mt m=1
Rtx
0,1.103
0,328.106
0,12.2540
U tx I tx .Rtx 63.0,328.10 6 0, 0267.10 3V
Vy Utx < Utxcp = 30mV nn bulong chn tha mn yu cu

5. Tip im.
Tip im thc hin chc nng ng ngt ca CTT. Kt cu v cc thng s
ca tip im xc nh thng s, kt cu,trng lng ca CTT.
19
Yu cu i vi tip im :
- Khi CTT lm vic ch nh mc, nhit b mt ni tip xc phi b
hn nhit cho php. Nhit vng tip xc phi b hn nhit bin i tinh
th ca vt liu tip im.
- Vi dng in ln hn cho php (dng khi ng, dng ngn mch ) tip
im phi chu c bn nhit v bn in ng. H thng tip im dp h
quang phi c kh nng ng ct cho php khng b hn tr s nh mc.
- Khi lm vic vi dng nh mc v khi ng ngt dng in trong gii hn
cho php, tip im phi c mn in v c b nht, rung ca tip im
khng c ln hn tr s cho php
- Do dng in Im = 63A ta chn dng tip xc im, hai ch ngt,
l xo tip im xon tr. Loi ny c u im kh nng ngt ln, khng cn dy
ni mm. Nhc im l lc p tip im ln nh hng n kch thc ca kh c
in, ch dng vi nhng dng nh v va.
2
1
5
3
4
m
6
1- L xo tip im
4- Tip im tnh
2-C chn
5- Gi tip im ng
3- Tip im ng
6- Gi tip im tnh
m- m tip im .
Hnh 2.2
a. m m:
m ca tip im l khong cch gia tip im ng v tip im tnh
v tr ngt ca CTT. m ca tip im cn phi xc nh cho ph hp nu m ln
d dp h quang, an ton in nhng kch thc ca kh c in s tng ln. Nu
chn m nh kh dp h quang, an ton in km nhng kch thc kh c in
nh.
20
i vi CTT c dng I = 40 600 A, in p ti 500 V, c th chn m

m = 6 12 mm Vi dng Im = 63 A , ta chn m = 4 mm.
b. ln l:
ln ca tip im l qung ng m tip im ng i thm c nu
khng b tip im tnh cn li.
Cn thit phi c ln ca tip im c lc p tip im ln, gim in
tr tip xc v trong qu trnh lm vic tip im b n mn nhng vn m bo
tip xc tt. Do ln phi ln hn cao b n mn ca tip im.
Theo TL1, ln c th tnh theo dng in nh sau:
l = A + B.Im (mm)
trong : A= 1,5 mm.
B = 0,02 mm/A.
Im = 95 A.
l = 1,5 + 0,02.63 = 2,76 mm.
c. Vt liu lm tip im :
Vt liu lm tip im cn m bo cc yu cu sau:
in tr sut v in tr tip xc b, t b n mn, t b oxi ha, kh hn dnh,
cng cao, c tnh cng ngh cao, gi thnh h.
Thc t th khng vt liu no tho mn tt c cc yu cu trn nn ta chn
vt liu ch cn tho mn phn ln cc yu cu l c.
T bng (2- 13) TL1 ta chn vt liu l Bc- Niken Than ch (Kim loi
gm), vi cc thng s k thut sau:
K hiu
KMK. A32
T trng ( )
8,7 g/cm3
Nhit nng chy ( nc )
1300 0C
in tr sut 20 0C 20
0,032.10-3 mm
dn nhit
3,25 W/ cm 0C
cng Briven H B
60 85 Kg/ mm2
H s dn nhit in tr
0,0035 (1/ 0C)
d. Xc nh kch thc ca tip im

Kch thc tip im ph thuc vo dng in nh mc cng nh kt cu
tip im v tn s ng ct
- Tnh chn tip im ng:
Chn tip im ng c tit din hnh tr cu, vi Im = 63 A tra bng
(2- 15) TL1 ta chn ng knh ca tip im ng nh sau :
d = 16 mm chiu cao tip im h = 3 mm.
- Tnh chn tip im tnh:
21
Tip im tnh nm trn thanh dn tnh, c kt cu dng mt phng, tit din l

hnh ch nht c cc cnh l : a = 20 mm, b = 22 mm
Chiu cao tip im h = 3 mm.
e. Tnh lc p tip im:

N m bo cho tip im lm vic bnh thng ch di hn cng nh
khi c s c xy ra. Lc p tip im phi m bo cho tip im khng b y ra
khi dng in ln (nh m my, qu ti...) bi lc in ng v khng b hn dnh
do h quang khi tip im b y v b rung.
Lc p tip im chnh I = 63A
+ Theo l thuyt theo cng thc l thuyt trang 53 TLTK:
Ftd 1 I dm 2 .
A. .HB
1
.
2
16. [arcos Ttd ]2
Ttx
A : hng s Loren A=2,3 108V / o C

I dm : dng in nh mc [A]
Ftd 1 : lc p tip im ti 1 ch tip xc [KG]
: h s dn nhit [W/ oC.mm]
Ttd : nhit thanh dn [ o K ]

Ttx : nhit ch tip xc [ o K ]
HB: cng vt liu tip im HB=50kG/ mm2

Ttd = td +273 = 42+273 = 315 o K
Ttx = tx + Ttd = 9+315 = 324 o K
2,3.10 8. .60
1
Ftd 1 63 .
.
0, 055 KG 0,55 N
2
315 2
16.0,325
(arcos
)
324
2
22
+ Theo cng thc kinh nghim F1td ftd .I dm

ftd : lc p tip im n v , tra bng 2.17 trang 55 TLTK
ftd = 7 G/A F1td = 7.63 = 441 G = 4,41N
so snh 2 kt qu ta chn F1td = 4,41N

Lc p tip im ph:
Theo cng thc kinh nghim : F1td ftd .I dm = 10.5 = 50 G
Tip im ph thng m:
F1tdm = 0,5 N = 0,05 KG
Tip im ph thng ng: F1tdc = 0,5 N = 0,05 KG
f. Tnh in tr tip xc cho tip im chnh

in tr tip xc nh hng rt ln n qu trnh lm vic ca KC n l
thnh phn ca in tr mch vng dn in.
in tr tip xc sinh ra do ng i ca dng in b thua hp, thay i
ch tip xc, do nh hng ca in tr tip xc nhit ch tip xc tng
ng thi gy tn hao in p ch tip xc.
+ Theo cng thc l thuyt.
Rtx
.HB 0, 0404.103 .60

.
.
13, 2.1045
2
F1td
2
4, 41
20 . 1 95 20 0,032.103 1 0,0035.75 0,0404.10 3 (mm)
+ Theo kinh nghim Rtx
ktx
(0,102.F1td ) m
m = 1 i vi tip xc mt
1
N2
ktx : h s tip xc tra bng trang 59 TLTK c ktx = 0, 25.103
23
0, 25.103
Rtx
37,3.10 5
1/ 2
(0,102.4, 41)
So snh vy ly Rtx 37,3.10 5

g. in p tip xc ln nht c th
U tx Rtx .I dm 37,3.10 5.63 0, 0235V 23,5mV
30 m tha mn.
h. Tnh nhit pht nng cho php :

Da vo s cn bng nhit trong qu trnh pht nng ca thanh dn di v hn, c
tit din khng i, th nhit pht nng ca tip im c tnh theo cng thc
(2- 11) TL1 :
I 2 dm .
I 2 dm .Rtd
.
td 0
S .P.KT 2. .S .P.KT
Trong :
0
+ 0 40 C .
3
+ 0,04.10 mm .in tr sut ca vt liu tip im
+ S : Tit din ca tip im .
.d 2 .16 2
2
201 mm
+ Rtd h 0,04.103 3 5,97.107 ()

S
201
+ P : Chu vi tip im .
P .d 50, 27 mm .
6
+ Chn K T 8.10 W/ mm2 0C .
+ 0,325 W/mm 0C.
632.0, 04.10 3
632.5, 97.10 7
td 40
41, 97 0 C 42 0 C .
6
201.50, 27.8.10
2. 0, 325.201.50, 27.8.10 6
Nhit ni tip xc c xc nh theo cng thc (2- 12) TL1 :

2
632. 37,3.10 5
I 2 dm .R 2 tx
tx td
42
47,30 C .
3
8. .
8.0,325.0, 04.10
Ta thy tx < hd 180 0 C nn tip im khng b bin dng do.
24
6. Tnh dng hn dnh v bin php chng hn dnh :

Khi dng in i qua tip im ln hn dng in nh mc Im (qu ti, ngn
mch, khi ng), nhit tng ln, tip im b y do lc in ng dn n
kh nng b hn dnh. n nh ca tip im chng y, chng hn dnh gi l
n nh in ng ( bn in ng). n nh nhit v n nh in
ng l cc thng s quan trng c biu th qua tr s dng in hn dnh Ihd,
ti tr s s hn dnh ca tip im c th khng xy ra nu c cu ngt kh
nng ngt tip im . C hai phng php tnh dng hn dnh
- Tr s dng hn dnh xc nh theo quan h l thuyt (2- 33) TL1:
I hdbd A. f nc . Ftd A .
Trong :
1
32. . nc .1 . nc
3
: hng s vi tng loi vt liu.
+ A
2
.H B . 0 .1 nc
3
3
+ 0 20 0,032.10 0,03.10 3 mm : in tr sut ca vt liu
1 .20 1 0, 0035.20
00C.
+ nc :Nhit nng chy ca vt liu kim loi gm, nc 1300 0 C .
+ HB = 60 Kg/mm2.
1
32.0,325.1300.1 0,0035.1300
3
1221 .
A
2
.60.0,03.103.1 0,0035.1300
3
+ fnc : H s c trng cho s tng din tch tip xc trong qu trnh pht
nng. Chn fnc = 3.
+ Ftd : Lc p tip im = 0,441 Kg.
I hdbd 1221. 3. 0,441 1404, 4 A .
- Tr s dng hn dnh xc nh theo cng thc thc nghim (2 - 36) TL1 :

I hdbd K hd . Ftd (A).
Khd : H s hn dnh.
Tra bng (2- 19) TL1 chn Khd = 1000 A/ Kg0,5.
I hdbd 1000. 0, 441 664( A) .
25
Nh vy dng hn dnh c tnh theo hai cch trn u ln hn dng

ngn mch Inm= 10.Im = 630 A. Ngha l khi xy ra ngn mch , tip im khng
b hn dnh.
7. S rung ca tip im :
Khi tip im ng ti thi im bt u c s tip xc gia tip im tip
im tnh c xung lc va p c kh ln gy ra hin tng rung ca tip im. Tip
im b y bt tr li sau li tip tc va p. Sau mt thi gian kt thc s rung
chuyn sang tip xc n nh.
Qu trnh rung ca tip im c nh gi bng hai thng s: bin rung
v thi gian rung:
Theo cng thc (2- 39) TL1, bin rung l:
md .v 2 d 0 .1 K v
xm
.
2.Ftdd
+ md : Khi lng phn ng.
G
m .I
8.63
md d c dm
51,4.10 3 ( Kg ) .
g
g
9,8
mc : Trng lng n v mc = 8 12 (G/A) Chn mc = 8 G/A.
+ v d 0 : Tc ti thi im va p.
v d 0 = 0,1 m/s.
+ Kv : H s va p ph thuc vo tnh n hi ca vt liu. V tip im
lm bng bc hp kim nn chn Kv = 0,9.
+ Ftdd : Lc p tip im u
Ftdd= (0,5 0,7).Ftdc Chn Ftdd = 0,5.0,441 = 0,23(Kg).
xm
51, 4.10 3.0,12.(1 0,9)

1,17.104 m .
2.0, 22
Theo cng thc (2- 20) TL1, thi gian rung ng vi bin rung xm l:
2 md .vd 0.. 1 K v 2.51, 4.10 3.0,1. 1 0,9
tm
3, 25ms
Ftdd
0, 22
V CTT 3 tip im chnh dng cu mt pha hai ch ngt nn bin rung v thi
gian rung s l:
x m
x m 1,17.10 3
3,9.103 ( m )
3
3
26
tm
tm 3,25
1,083ms
3
3
Tng thi gian rung ca tip im theo cng thc (2_47) TL1 :
tm 1,5 1,8 .2.tm 1,5 1,8 .2.1,083 3, 25 3,89 ms .
Ta thy max t m = 9,325 ms < t =10 ms. Vy tip im khng b rung.
8. S mn ca tip im :
S mn ca tip im xy ra trong qu trnh ng v ngt mch in. Nguyn nhn
gy ra s n mn tip im l n mn v ha hc, c hc, v in trong ch yu
l n mn v in.
Khi lng mn trung bnh ca mt cp tip im cho mt ln ng ngt
tnh theo cng thc (2_54) TL1:
g d g ng 10 9 K d .I d 2 K ng .I 2 ng .K kd .
Trong :
+ Kkd : H s khng ng u, nh gi mn khng u ca cc tip im
Kkd = 1,1 2,5. Chn Kkd = 1,2
+ Kd , Kng : H s mn khi ng v khi ngt . Vi tip im bng kim loi
gm , tra bng (2- 21) TL1 ta c:
Kd = Kng = 0,01 g/A2.
+ Id , Ing : Dng in ng v ngt.
Id = 5.Idm = 315 A.
Ing = 4.Idm = 252 A.
g d g ng 10 9 0,01.3152 0,01.252 2 .1, 2 1,95.10 6 g
- Sau N=105 ln ng ngt v c , khi lng mn l:

Gm1 Nc .( g d g ng ) 105.1,95.106 0,195( g ) .
- Sau 106 ng ngt v in khi lng mn l :
Gm 2 N d .( g d g ng ) 106.1,95.106 1,95( g ) .
27
- Tng khi lng mn :

Gm (Gm1 Gm 2 ) (0,195 1,95) 2,145 g .
- Th tch mn :
Vm
Gm
2,145
0, 246.106 (m3 ) .
6
8,7.10
- Th tch ban u ca tip im :

d2
162
Vtd h. . 3.
603,185(mm3 ) 0,603.106 (m3 ) .
4
4
- Lng mn ca tip im s l :
Vm %
Vm
0,246.10 6
100%
100% 40,8% .
Vtd
0,603.106
Vy Vm % V % cp 70% Lng mn tip im t yu cu.
28
IV.
TNH V DNG C TNH C
1. Lp s ng.
Cng dng ca s ng l cho ta bit s b mt cch r rng v chnh xc
v s truyn v bin i chuyn ng ca cc khu trong CTT.
S c xy dng cho 2 v tr c trng l v tr ng v ngt.
Khi tnh ton thit k ngi ta s xt trng hp lm vic nng n nht ca cun
ht l np NC hng xung di, khi ta c s ng 2 v tr nh sau:
* v tr ngt m l
* v tr ng 0
F t
1
2
1
2
F fc
F fc
1
2
Fnh + G
a)
1
2
F fc
Ffc
Fnhc + G + Ftdcc
b)
Hnh 3.1 S ng: a- khi np m, b-khi np ht
29
2. Tnh ton l xo.

Chn l xo xon hnh tr chu nn, loi l xo ny c u im t b n mn
bn v c, lm vic linh ng, khng b pht nng.
Tra bng (4- 1) TL1, chn vt liu lm l xo l dy thp Cc bon ROCT
8398-60 bn va c thng s :
- bn gii hn khi ko
2200 N/mm2
- Gii hn mi cho php khi un
770 N/mm2
- Gii hn mi cho php khi xon
x 480 N/mm2
- Module n hi
200.103 N/mm2
- Module trt
G = 80.103 N/mm2
- in tr sut
0,19 0,22.10-6 m
Cc thng s ca l xo:
Hnh 3.2 : Cc thng s ca l xo.

3. Tnh ton l xo nh.
L xo nh c c im l phi thc hin y np NC v h thng tip im
ng ln v tr m khi khng c dng in qua cun ht ca NC.Do lc p lo
x nh thi im ban u l:
Fnh = ( Gd + Ft + Fms).kdt
Trong
+ kdt = 1,2 1,3 h s d tr c, chn k = 1,2
+ Gd : trng lng phn ng ,
30
Gd mc . Idm 63.8 504 g 0,504 kg 5,04N

+ Fms = 0
+ Ft : lc p ca tip im ph thng ng.
V c 2 cp tip im ph thng ng, mi cp c 2 tip im kiu bc cu
nn :
Ft = 4. Ft1 = 4.0,5 = 2 (N)
Vi Ft1 = 2 (N) l lc p ca mt tip im ph thng ng.
Vy
Fnh = (5,04 + 2).1,2 = 8,448 (N).
- Lc p ca l xo nh cui
Fnhc = (1,5 2) F nhd
Chn Fnhc = 1,6.Fnh = 1,7. 8,448 = 14,36 (N).
Do ta s dng 2 l xo nh , nn lc p ban u ca mi l xo nh :
F
8,448
4,224(N )
Fnh1 = nh
2
2
- Lc p cui ca mi l xo nh l :
F
14,36
Fnhc1 nhc
7,18(N )
2
2
- Theo cng thc (4-31) TL1 , ng knh dy l xo l :
F .C
d 1,6. nhc1
x
Trong :
+ C : Ch s ca l xo.
C=
D
thng thng C 8 16 chn C = 12
d
+ x = 480 N/mm2 , ng xut xon cho php.
7,18.10
0,678( mm)
480
Vy chn ng knh dy l xo l d = 0,7 mm.
- ng knh l xo :
D = C.d = 12.0,7 = 8,4 mm.
- S vng lm vic :
G.d 4 . f
80.103.(0,7) 4 .6,76
W0
9, 26 (vng).
8.D 3 .F 8.(8,4)3 .(7,18 4,224)
Vi khong ln xt n : f = m + l = 4 + 2,76 = 6,76 mm.
G mdun chng trt
- S vng kt cu ca l xo :
d 1,6.
31
W =W0 + 1 = 10(vng).
- Bc l xo chu ko tk v chu nn tn, theo cng thc (4- 33) TL1 ta c
tk d 0,7( mm ) .
f
6,76
tn d
0,8
1,45(mm ) .
W0
15
- Chiu di t do ca l xo chu ko (khng k vng mc) lk v l xo chu nn ln
tnh theo cng thc (4- 34) TL1 :
lk W0 .tk 9.0,7 6,3( mm) .
ln W0 .tn 1,5.d 9.1,45 1,5.0,7 14,1( mm)
- ng sut xon thc t ca l xo
8. F 1.C 8.7,18.12
447,7(N / mm 2 ) .
x = nhc
2
2
.d
.(0,7)
2
Vy x < x = 480 (N/ mm ) do l xo chn tho mn yu cu.
Vy l xo thit k tho mn m bo bn c.
- Khong ln thc t ca l xo:
8. D3 .F.W0 8.(8,4)3 .2,96.9
f
7,31(mm )
G .d 4
80.103.(0,7) 4
4. Tnh ton l xo tip im chnh.
V c 3 cp tip im chnh thng m, m tip im c s dng l dng bc
cu 1pha 2 ch ngt nn :
- Tng lc p ca tip im chnh thng m lc cui :
Ftdcc 6.Ftd1 6.4,41 26,5(N )
Vi Ft1 = 9(N) l lc p ca mt tip im chnh thng m.
- Tng lc p ca tip im chnh thng m lc u :
Ftdcd (0,5 0,7).Ftdcc
Chn Ftdcd 0,6.Ftdcc 0,5.54 13,25(N ) .
Lc p tip im u ca mi l xo tip im chnh l :
F
13,25
Ftdcd 1 tmd
4,2(N )
3
3
Lc p tip im cui ca mi l xo tip im chnh l :
F
26,5
Ftdcc1 tmc
8,93(N )
3
3
- Theo cng thc (4- 31) TL1 , ng knh dy l xo l :
F .C
d 1,6. tdcc1
x
Trong :
32
+ C : Ch s ca l xo.
C=
D
, thng thng C 8 16 chn C = 12
d
8,93.12
0.76(mm)
480
- ng knh l xo :
D = C.d = 12.0,8 = 9,6 mm.
- S vng lm vic :
G .d 4 . f
80.103.(0,8)4 .2,76
W0
5 (vng).
8. D3 .F 8.9,6 3.(8,93 4,2)
Vi khong ln xt n : f = l = 3,4 mm.
W =W0 + 1 = 6 (vng).
- Bc l xo chu ko tk v chu nn tn , theo cng thc (4-33) TL1 ta c :
tk d 0,8( mm) .
f
2,76
tn d
1
1,352(mm ) .
W0
5
lk W0 .tk 5.0,8 4( mm) .
ln W0 .tn 1,5.d 8.1,352 1,5.0,8 7,96( mm )
- ng sut xon thc t ca l xo , tnh theo cng thc (19-1)TL3 :
8. F 1.C 8.8,93.12
426,4(N / mm 2 ) .
x = tdcc
2
2
.d
.(0,8)
2
Vy x < x = 480 (N/ mm ) do l xo chn tho mn yu cu.
8. D3 .F.W0 8.9,6 3.2,75.5
f
2,97(mm) .
G .d 4
80.10.(0,8)4
d 1,6.
5. Tnh ton l xo tip im ph.

- Lc p tip im ph thng m
Cng tc t thit k c 2 tip im ph thng m, tip im ny cng c dng 1
pha hai ch ngt nn:
33
- Tng lc p ca tip im ph thng m lc cui l:

Fptmc 4.Ftdp 4.0,5 2(N ) .
- Tng lc p ca tip im ph thng m lc u l :
Fptmd (0,5 0,7) Fptmc .
Chn Fptmd 0,7.Fptmc 0,7.2 1,4(N ) .
(+) Lc p tip im ph thng ng :
Tng t nh i vi tip im ph thng m, trong :
Fptdd Fptmc 2 (N ) .
Fptdc Fptmd 1,4(N )

Lc p tip im u ca mi l xo tip im ph l :
F
1,4
Ftdpd1 ptmd
0,7(N )
2
2
Lc p tip im cui ca mi l xo tip im chnh l :
F
2
Ftdpc1 ptmc 1 ( N )
2
2
- Theo cng thc (4- 31) TL1 , ng knh dy l xo l :
F .C
d 1,6. tdpc1
x
Trong :
+ C : Ch s ca l xo.
C=
D
, thng thng C = 8 16 chn C = 12
d
1.12
0,25(mm )
480
- ng knh l xo :
D = C.d = 12.0,3 = 3,6 mm.
-S vng lm vic:
G .d 4 . f
80.103.(0,3) 4 .1,6
W0
9 (vng).
8. D3 .F
8.3,63.(1 0,7)
Vi khong ln xt n : f = l = 1,6 mm.
W =W0 + 1 = 10 (vng).
- Bc l xo chu ko tk v chu nn tn ,theo cng thc (4_33) TL1 ta c :
d 1,6.
34
tk d 0,3( mm ) .
f
1,6
tn d
0,3
0,48(mm ) .
W0
9
lk W0 .tk 9.0,3 2,7( mm ) .
ln W0 .tn 1,5.d 9.0,48 1,5.0,3 4,32( mm )
- ng sut xon thc t ca l xo , tnh theo cng thc (19-1)TL3 :
8. Ftdcp1.C 8.1.12
2
x = .d 2 .(0,3)2 339(N / mm ) .
Vy x < x = 480 (N/ mm2) do l xo chn tho mn yu cu.
8. D3 .F.W0 8.3,63.0,3.12
f
1,3(mm)
G.d 4
80.103.(0,3)4
6. Xc nh cc lc:
Lc c tc dng bao gm :
a. Lc l xo tip im chnh:
- Ftdcc 26,5( N ) .
- Ftdcd 18,55( N ) .
b. Lc l xo tip im ph thng m:
- Fptmc 2( N ) .
- Fptmd 1,4( N ) .
c. Lc l xo tip im ph thng ng:
- Fptdc 1,4( N ) .
- Fptdd 2( N ) .
d. Lc l xo nh:
- Fnhc 14, 4( N ) .
- Fnhd 8,5( N ) .
e. Trng lng phn ng:
G = 5,05N).
f. Lc ma st ( b qua ).
35
7. th ng c tnh c:
64,5
60,09
26,5
18,55
5,04
2,76
6,76
36
V.
BUNG DP H QUANG IN.

1. Khi nim v h quang in
Qu trnh phng in trong cht kh:
iu kin bnh thng, cht kh l mi trng cch in tt. Nu t
ln hai in cc trong mi trng khng kh mt in trng c cng ln

th ph v tnh cch in ca cht kh: n tr nn dn in tt, ph thuc vo tnh
cht ca cht kh, p sut ca n, nhit mi trng, vt liu lm in cc, ln
cng in trng.
H quang in l hin tng phng in trong cht kh vi mt
dng in ln ( 102 103 A/mm2 ), in p ri trn catt b ( 10 12 V ), nhit
h quang cao ( 6000 18000oK ) v km theo hiu ng nh sng. H quang in l
qu trnh in v nhit lin quan mt thit vi nhau.
Vng catt khong cch ngn ( c 10-3 mm ) vi Uc c 10 20 V, nn
cng in trng vng ny kh ln 20.103 V/mm.
Vng ant c in p ri thp, c 5 20 V v chiu di c 10-2 mm,
v vy EA thp hn nhiu so vi EC . Vng thn h quang c cng in trng
Ehq gn nh khng i, c t 1 20 V/mm, ph thuc vo tnh dn nhit, tc
chuyn ng ca cc phn t kh, vn tc di chuyn ca h quang. in p ri trn
thn h quang ph thuc vo chiu di ca h quang:
Uhq = Ehq.lhq.
Nguyn nhn pht sinh v dp tt h quang l qu trnh ion ho v qu
trnh phn ion ho trong vng h quang.
Qu trnh ion ho xy ra di tc dng ca nh sng, nhit , in
trng, va p ... v c cc dng ion ho sau:
- Qu trnh pht x nhit in t .
- Qu trnh t pht x in t .
- Qu trnh ion ho do va chm .
37
- Qu trnh ion ho do nhit .

Qu trnh phn ion ho l qu trnh suy gim s lng ion trong vng
h quang. Nguyn nhn chnh ca qu trnh phn in l ti hp v khuych tn.
2. H quang in xoay chiu:
h quang in xoay chiu, dng in v in p ngun bin thin
tun hon theo tn s ca li in. V h quang l in tr phi tuyn nn dng
in v in p trng pha nhau. Trong 1/4 chu k u, in p h quang tng nhanh
n tr s chy. Khi h quang chy, in p gim dn. Dng in tng t 0 n
im chy, dng in t tr s cc i v in p h quang hu nh khng i.
1/4 chu k sau dng in gim dn, n thi im tt, in p h quang tng, sau
suy gim v 0 cng vi dng in. Nu h quang n nh th qu trnh ny s
c lp li na chu k sau.
Ti thi im dng in i qua 0, h quang khng c cp nng
lng nn qu trnh ion ho xy ra trong vng in cc rt mnh v nu in p t
ln hai in cc b hn tr s in p chy th h quang s b tt.
Khi dng in gn tr s 0, n khng cn theo quy lut hnh sin lin
tc na, v lc ny qu trnh phn ion ho rt mnh nn in tr h quang rt ln,
c th coi dng in bng 0. Khong thi gian ny c micr giy, ph thuc vo
c tnh ti, dng in h quang ...v gi l thi gian khng dng in ca h
quang.
Khi dng in i qua im 0 , khu vc h quang ng thi xy ra
hai qu trnh: qu trnh phc hi bn in v qu trnh phc hi in p.
Qu trnh phc hi bn in c trng bng qu trnh phn ion
mnh lit khi dng in i qua 0 v n lm cho h quang mt dn tnh dn in,
tng tnh cch in. i lng c trng cho mc cch in gia hai in cc l
in p chc thng. Vi I = 0, ta c Ucto v n c tr s t 150 250V mi
trng khng kh, h quang chy t nhin.
38
Qu trnh phc hi in p l qu trnh thnh lp in p trn hai cc

k t khi h quang tt cho ti khi in p t tr s in p ngun.
Sau thi im dng in bng 0, nu tr s ca in p phc hi thp
hn tr s ca in p chc thng th h quang tt hn. Vy iu kin dp tt h
quang in xoay chiu l c tuyn ca qu trnh phc hi bn in phi nm
cao hn v khng ct c tuyn ca qu trnh phc hi in p gia hai tip im.
3. Yu cu i vi bung dp h quang.
- Thi gian dp tt h quang rt ngn, gim n mn tip im v thit b
dp h quang.
- m bo c kh nng ng, ngt, tc l m bo gi tr dng in
ng v ngt iu kin cho trc.
- Qu in p thp.
- Kch thc h thng dp h quang nh, vng kh ion ho nh. Nu
khng n c th to ra chc thng cch in gia cc phn t ca thit b . .
v ton b kh c.
- Hn ch nh sng v m thanh.
4. Chn vt liu lm bung dp h quang.
Yu cu:
- Vt liu lm bung dp h quang phi chu c nhit cao, cch in
tt v chng m.
- nhm b mt bn trong thnh bung dp phi gim n mc thp nht c
th h quang chuyn ng vi vn tc ln vo khe hp, ko di thn h
quang, lm cho h quang tip xc ng u vi thnh bung dp nhanh
chng lm lnh h quang.
Nhng dng vt liu c bn ch to thnh bung dp h quang:
a. Vt liu xi mng-aming:
- u im: nhit nng chy cao: 1150oC, tnh cch in kh cao: = 1010
1012 cm, nhn b mt ln.
- Nhc im: trong trng thi m, tnh cch in ca vt liu b gim; di
tc dng nhit ca h quang nhng khe h nh to thnh vt lm tng
nhm.
39
b. Vt liu p chu h quang:

Chng c u im : c tnh chu nhit, chu h quang cao, cch in tt, t
c nhn bng b mt .
c. Gm ( Silicat ):
u im: chu nhit cao ( ln hn 1750oC ), in tr sut cao, rt bn
c hc.
Nhc im : b mt khng c nhn, gia cng phc tp .
T nhng phn tch trn y ta chn vt liu lm bung dp h quang
l: vt liu p chu h quang.
5. Kt cu bung dp h quang.
Chn kiu bung dp h quang l kiu dn dp. Dn dp lm bng nhng l
thp.
Kiu bung dp h quang ny ph hp vi dng in ngt Im = 63A, in
p U = 380V.
Bung dp h quang kiu dn dp c u im cho ta kh nng rt ngn ng
k chiu di h quang v dp n trong th tch nh, do pht sng t v m thanh
b hn ch.
L thot
Tip im
Tm
Tip
im
Hp dp
h
L xo
tip
Gi tip
im
40
6. Tnh ton v chn la.

Chn la s b:
- Chn s lng cc tm cho mt ch ngt: ntk = 3
- B dy mt tm:
t = 3 mm
- Khong cch gia cc tm:
t = 2 mm
Gi thit l ta chn s lng cc tm c tnh khng dao ng ca in

p phc hi. iu kin xy ra qu trnh khng dao ng l:
415. n tk 0,6
fo
L.I 2ng
Trong : fo - tn s ring ca mch ngt.

L - in cm mch ngt.
Ing - dng in ngt nh mc.
Gi s h thng dng ng ngt ng c c Pm = 20kW, in p nh
mc ca h thng l Um = 380V v h thng khng kh. Khi c:
fo =
3
380
.( A + B. P 4 ).
m
U m
H thng khng kh c :
A = 15000;
B = 3000
3
380
fo =
.( 15000 + 3000. 20 4 ).
380
= 43372Hz = 43,4 kHz

f1 =
=
415. n tk - 0,6
L.I 2ng
415. 3- 0,6
0,16
=
(Hz)
2
L
L.63
41
in cm ca mch ngt c xc nh theo cng thc:

L=
U m
I
ng
1 - cos 2 o
Trong : Um - in p nh mc ca h thng: 380V.

Ing - dng in ngt nh mc:
65A.
- tn s gc ca h thng.
o - gc lch pha ban u ca dng in v in p.
Chn coso = 0,8 ( ti in cm thng gp )
380
-3
. 1- 0,82 = 11,5.10
63.2..50
L=
Hz
0,16
0,16
=
= 13,9 kHz
L
11,5.10-3
Vy:
f1 =
C :
fo = 43,4 kHz f1 = 13,9 kHz
Kt lun: ta chn s tm ntk = 3 l chp nhn c. C th ly thm mt

tm d tr ntk = 4.
Chiu di nh nht ca tm:
lt 1,73. 2t .td. 3 I ng
td thi gian dp h quang: c th nh bng 2 3 na chu
k hoc ln hn ( nhng khng ln hn 0,1 s )
Chn td = 0,03 s.
lt 1,73.22.0,03. 3 63 = 0.83 cm.
42
VI.
NAM CHM IN
1. Khi nim chung.
Nam chm in c s dng ngy cng rng ri m khng mt lnh vc k

thut no khng s dng n. Nhim v ch yu ca nam chm in l sinh lc
thc hin cc chuyn dch tnh tin hay chuyn ng quay hoc sinh lc hm...
Trong mi lnh vc k thut khc nhau th c nhng loi nam chm khc nhau
v hnh dng, kt cu v ng dng. Cc qa trnh vt l xy ra trong nam chm
in rt phc tp, thng c m t bng cc phng trnh vi phn, phi tuyn. V
vy vic tnh ton nam chm in thng c da theo cc cng thc gn ng,
n gin sau mi kim nghim li theo cng thc l thuyt, dn ti bi ton ti
u.
i vi cng tc t, nam chm in l c cu sinh lc thc hin tnh tin
c cu chp hnh c gn h thng tip im.
2. Tnh kch thc c bn nam chm in.

a. Cc s liu ban u:
Thit k nam chm in xoay chiu c cc thng s v yu cu sau:
- Nam chm in c kh nng lm vic trong mi trng m, nhit trung bnh
ca mi trng l 40oC.
- Hnh trnh ca c cu l = 6,76 mm v c c tnh c nh trnh by trc
y.
- Nam chm in lm vic ch di hn, in p nh mc Um = 380V, tn
s lm vic f = 50Hz.
- Yu cu nam chm in phi c kch thc nh gn.
b. Chn dng kt cu:
-Tnh h s kt cu mch t nam cm in
Theo cng thc 5-2, trang 188 TKKCHA, c:
43
Kkc =
2.Ft
Trong : Ft - lc ht in t.
- khe h khng kh.
Cng tc t mun lm vic c th khi ht phi c Ft > Fc v khi nh phi c
Ft < Fc. T c tnh c ta chn lc ti hn tnh n dung sai v lc Fc th ng
vi khe h lm vic th tng ng l thi im tip im ng bt u tip xc vi
tip im tnh.Vy th=2,76 (mm)
Fc th = 71 N
th = 2,76 mm
Vy
Kkc =
2.71
4317[ N 0,5 / m].
-3

T bng 5-2-TLTKKCDHA ,ng vi gi tr Kkc=4317ta chn kt cu nam chm

in kiu ht thng dng ch E.
3. Chn vt liu mch t:
Tra bng 5-3, trang 192 TKKCHA, chn thp l k thut in hp kim tng
cng 31 (thp silic) . Loi thp ny c lc t phn khng b nn tn hao do t tr
khng ng k .
Cc thng k thut ca thp 31 :
Lc t phn khng HC
0,35 A/cm
T cm d
0,8 1,2 T
T cm bo ho
2T
t thm
250
t thm cc i
6.103 7.103
in tr sut
40.10-8 60.10 -8 .m
Khi lng ring
7,65 g/cm3
44
Thnh phn cacbon

Tn hao t tr khi bo ho
0,02% 0,03%
0,1 0,15 m.J/cm3
T cm li thp
0,6 T
Chiu dy l thp
0,5 mm
4. Chn t cm, h s t r, h s t tn:

Chn khe h tnh ton tt=2,76 mm, Ftt = 71 N.
Chn t cm khe h khng kh khi np mch t h: B = 0,5T.
Chn t cm trong li thp khi np mch t h: Bl = 0,5T.
Chn h s t r khi phn ng ht r = 1.
H s t r khi phn ng h thng trong khong 1,1 4. Chn r = 1,5
H s t tn thng trong khong 1 1,8. Chn t = 1,2.
5. Tnh tit din li mch t:
b
a/2
- Theo cng thc 5-8, trang 202 - TKKCHA, tng din tch li thp l:
S l =
Ftt
19,9.10 4 .B 2l
Trong : Ftt - lc ht in t tnh ton, Ftt = 71 N.

Bl - t cm ca li thp khi phn ng h.
S l =
71
991,1[ mm 2 ]
4
2
19, 9.10 .0, 6
45
- Din tch li cc t gia :

S
991,1
S l 2 l
495,55 (mm2 )
2
2
- Din tch li ca 2 cc t nhnh :

S
694
S l1 S l 2 l 2
347 (mm 2 )
2
2
- i vi cc t gia:
Chn
b
0,9 . Chiu di a v chiu rng b ca li cc t gia l :
a
a=
Sl 2
0,9
495,55
24 (mm)
0,9
b = 0,9.a = 0,9.24 =22 (mm)

- Cnh thc ca li thp :
b' =
b
KC
Vi KC = 0,95 l h s p cht cc l thp .

b,
22
23 (mm)
0,95
- S l thp k thut in :
n
b 23
46 (tm) .
0,5
Trong = 0,5 mm l chiu dy mt l thp .

- Kch thc ca hai cc t mch nhnh :
a1 = a3 = a/2 = 12 (mm).
b 1= b 3 = b
= 22 (mm) .
6. Tnh ton cun dy:

Kch thc ca cun dy ph thuc vo sc t ng tc ng (IW)t ca nam
chm in do cun dy sinh ra, n to ra t p khe h khng kh lm vic H.,
r cc khe h khng kh khng lm vic ( khe h ph ) Hph.ph v trong cc phn
46
thp ca mch t HFe.lFe. Ngoi ra cn c thm sc t ng do tn hao dng xoy

trong li thp v t tr, tn hao trong vng ngn mch.
a. Sc t ng ca cun dy:
Sc t ng ca cun dy cn thit cho nam chm in tc ng (IW)t c th
chia thnh hai thnh phn: phn thay i khe h khng kh lm vic khi phn
ng h (IW) nh v phn khng thay i (IW)h.
(IW)t = (IW) nh + (IW)h
(A.vng)

(IW) nh = B l . nh
O
O = 4.. 10 7 = 1,25.10 -6 (H/m)

Bl - t cm trong li thp ng vi khe h khng kh ti hn.
nh - tng khe h khng kh lm vic.
i vi mch t ch E c 3 khe h lm vic, t thng qua cc t gia phn
lm 2 mch t, mi mch t c 2 khe h lm vic ni tip nhau, kch thc ca 2
mch t bng nhau v tng ca chng bng cc t gia: S1 + S3 = S2.
nh = 2.nh = 2.2,76.10 -3 = 5,52.10 -3 (m)
( IW ) nh
0, 6.5, 52.10-3
2640 (A.vng)
4..107

B . r . h
( IW ) h l
O
Vi r
: h s t r khi phn ng h, r = 1,3.
h : khe h khng kh trng thi ht.

h = 2cn + cd + ht = 0,2 0,7 mm ( theo thc nghim ).
Vi cn= 0,03 0,1 mm : khe h cng ngh, chn cn = 0,03mm
cd = 0,1 0,5 mm : khe h chng dnh , chn cd = 0,3mm
47
ht : khe h gi nh, chn ht = 0,074 mm

h = 2.0,03 + 0,3 + 0,074 = 0,5 mm .
( IW )h
0,5.1,5.0, 434.10-3
310 (A.vng)
4..107
(IW)t = 2640+310=2950 (A.vng)

Kim tra li, ta c h s bi s dng in :
KI
( IW )td 2950
9, 5
( IW )h
310
tho mn yu cu KI = 4 15
b. Kch thc cun dy:
hcd
bcd
Tit din cun dy c xc nh cho trng thi phn ng b ht v khi phn

ng h , dng in chy trong cun dy ln hn nhiu ln so vi khi phn ng b
ht v vi thi gian rt ngn . V vy sc t ng (IW)t c tnh trng thi h
ca phn ng cn phi a v trng thi ht ca phn ng .
Theo cng thc 5-24, trang 211 TKKCHA, din tch cun dy :
Scd =
Trong
K U max .( IW) t
K U min .K qt .j.K l .K I
- KUmax : h s tnh n in p ngun tng n tr s cho php

(Umax = 1,1.Um ) m nhit pht nng ca cun dy khng vt qu tr s cho
php ca cp vt liu chn. KUmax = 1,1.
- KUmin : h s tnh n in p ngun gim n tr s cho php
( Umin = 0,85.Um ) m c tnh lc ht in t vn nm cao hn c tnh c. KUmin
= 0,85 .
- Kqt
: h s qu ti dng in ch lm vic di hn. Kqt = 1.
48
-j
: mt dng in trong cun dy ch lm vic di hn,

thng j = 2 4 A/mm2 . Chn j = 2,5 A/mm2
- Kl
: h s lp y cun dy, Kl = 0,3 0,6 . Chn Kl = 0,5 .
- KI
: h s bi s dng in. KI = 9.
S cd
1,1.2450
321,5 (mm 2 )
0,85.1.2,5.0,5.9,5
T din tch cun dy, chn h s hnh dng Khd =
h cd
2,5 . Ta c chiu dy
b cd
v chiu cao cun dy l:

bcd
Scd
321,5
11,34 (mm)
2,5
2, 5
hcd = 2,5.bcd = 2,5.11,34 = 28,35 (mm)

7. Kch thc mch t:
b
hn
a/2
lf
a
5
hl
hcd
1
2
h
bcd
E
B
a = 24 mm ; b=22 mm
Chn:
1 = 1,5 mm
Chiu dy khung qun dy.
2 = 0,5 mm
Giy cch in pha trong dy qun.
3 = 0,5 mm
Bng dnh cch in pha ngoi dy qun.
49
4 = 4,5 mm
Khong cch cch in ngoi cun dy n cc t bn.
5 = 1,0 mm
Khong cch t khung cun dy n cc t gia.
lf = 5,0 mm
Khong cch t phn ng ti cch in u cun dy.
Din tch np mch t : Sn = 0,8.Sl2 = 0,8.496= 396,44 mm2
hn
S n 397
18mm
b
22
Din tch y mch t : S = 0,7Sl2 = 0,7.496 = 347,2 mm2

a. h = hd
S d 347, 2
15,8mm 16mm
b
22
Chiu rng ca s mch t :

E = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + bcd
= 1,5 + 0,5 +0,5 + 4,5 + 1 + 11,34 = 19,34 mm
Chiu cao ca s mch t :
D = hcd + 2. 1 + lf = 28,35 + 2.1,5 + 5 = 36,35 mm.
Chiu cao li mch t:
hl = hcd + 2. 1 = 18 + 2.1,5 = 31,35 mm
Chiu cao ca nam chm in:
A = hn + lf + 2. 1 + hcd + h = 18 + 5 + 2.1,5 + 28,35 + 16 = 70,35 mm.
Chiu rng ca nam chm in:
B = 2.( a + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + bcd )
= 2.( 24 + 1,5 + 0,5 +0,5 + 4,5 + 1 + 11,34 ) = 86,68 mm.
Chiu dy ca nam chm in:
C = b + 2.( 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + bcd )
= 22 + 2.( 1,5 + 0,5 +0,5 + 1 + 11,34 ) = 51,68 mm
50
VII.
TNH TON KIM NGHIM NAM CHM IN

1. Lp s thay th:
Da vo s tng t gia cc i lng in v cc i lng t ta lp s

thay th cho mch t. Mch t hnh ch E, cun dy c b tr cc t gia
v hai vng ngn mch t hai cc t bn. B qua t tr st t ( Fe >> ) , ta c
mch t ng tr.
Gt
Gt
Gr
Go
Gr2
(I
W)
G3
G
Gr
(I
W)
G1
Gr
(I
W)
51
Go1, Go2, Go3 : t dn khe h khng kh.

Gt1, Gt2, Gt3 : t dn tn khe h khng kh.
G1, G2, G3 : t dn tng khe h khng kh.
Gr1, Gr2
: t dn r khe h khng kh.
IW
: sc t ng xoay chiu.
2. Tnh t dn khe h khng kh.
c kt qu chnh xc hn ta chn phng php phn chia t trng. Theo
phng php ny t trng khe h khng kh c chia thnh cc trng thnh

phn c dng hnh hc n gin.
+. Tnh cho mt cc t :
G1
G
2
G0
G
3G
4
Theo hnh v ta c t dn khe h khng kh:

G = G0 + 2( G1 + G2 + G3 +G4 ) + 4(G 5 + G 6 ).
Theo bng (5-4)/221-224- TL 1:
52
+ Ta c t dn hnh hp ch nht:
a.b
G0 0 .
G 0 : t dn hnh hp ch nht (H)

+ Ta c G1 t dn ca 1/2 khi tr c, trong c ng knh chiu di a :
G1 = 0. 0,26 a (H).
+. Ta c G2 t dn ca 1/2 khi tr c, trong c ng knh chiu di b :
G2 = 0. 0,26 b (H).
+. Ta c G3 t dn ca 1/2 na tr rng vi ng knh trong , ng knh ngoi
( + 2m); chiu di a :
2a
G3 0 .
(H )
(1 )
m
Vi
m : b dy t thng tn
m = (0,1 0,2). chn m = 0,1..
+. Ta c G4 t dn ca 1/2 na tr rng vi ng knh trong , ng knh ngoi

( + 2m); chiu di b :
2b
G4 0 .
(H )
(1 )
m
Vi m = (0,1 0,2). chn m = 0,1..
+ Ta c G5 t dn 1 hnh 1/4 cu c vi ng knh :
G5 = 0,077 . 0. (H)
+. Ta c G6 t dn 1 hnh 1/4 cu rng vi ng knh trong , ng knh ngoi
( + 2.m):
m
G6 0. ( H )
4
chn m = 0,1.
Vy t dn khe h khng kh cc t s l:
G = G0 + 2(G1 + G2 + G3 + G4 ) + 4(G 5 + G 6 )
2a b
ab
m
= 0 . 2 0,26 0 . a b 0 .
4 0,077.0 . 0 .
.1
53
ab
vi m 0,1 G 0 0,636. a b 0,408. (H)
a. Tnh t dn khe h khng kh cc t bn :

Theo kt cu thit k ca nam chm th t dn ca khe h khng kh 2 cc t bn:
a1b '
G1 = G3 = G 0
0,636. a1 b ' 0,408. (H)

V i kch thc cc t bn:

a1 = 14(mm) = 14.10-3 (m)
b = 22 (mm) = 22 .10-3 ( m ).
14.103.22.103
G1 4 .107
0,636 14 22 103 0,408
3,08.10 4
G1 4 .107
0,408 0,02289
3
Vi th 2,76.10 (m). th G1 17,04.108 H / m
b. Tnh t dn khe h khng kh cc t gia:
Khi tnh t dn khe h khng kh cc t gia ta cng dng phng php
phn chia t trng.
Vy ta c t dn cc ca cc t gia ca nam chm in:
a b'
G2 = G 0 2 0,636. a2 b' 0,408.

Vi kch thc ca cc t gia:
a2 = 28.10-3 (m)
b = 22.10-3 (m).
28.10 3.22.103
G2 4 .107
0,636 28 22 .103 0,408
6,16.104
G2 4 .10
0,408 0,0318
Ti th 2,76.103 (m) th G2 32,2.108 H / m
54
c. Tnh t dn tng khe h khng kh:
G13 .G2
2.G1.G2
G13 G2 2.G1 G2
Vi th 2,76.103 m
2.17,04.108.32,2.10 8
Gth
13,43.108 H / m
8
8
2.17,04.10 32,2.10
d. o hm t dn khe h khng kh :
dG (2.G1 .G2 )' .(2.G1 G2 ) - (2.G1 .G2 ).(2.G1 G2 )'
d
(2.G1 G2 )2
dG 4.G 21 .G ' 2 2.G '1 .G 2 2
2
d
2.G1 G2
Trong :
3,84.10 4
G 1 4 .10
0,408 0,02544
4
5,76.10
G 2 4 .10 7
0,408 0, 03
3,76.10 4
G '1 4 .10 7
0,408
4
5,76.10
G ' 2 4 .10 7
0,408
2
dG (2.G1 .G2 )' .(2.G1 G2 ) - (2.G1 .G2 ).(2.G1 G2 )'
d
(2.G1 G2 )2
dG 4.G 21 .G ' 2 2.G '1 .G 2 2
2
d
2.G1 G2
Vi th 2,76.103 m th
G1 17,04.108 H / m , G2 32,2.108 H / m
G1' 50,29.10 6 H / m , G2 ' 101,1.10 6
dG th
d
5,046.105
55
e. Tnh t dn r:
Theo bng (5 - 6)/227-231- quyn 1 v ta chn nam chm in c dng ch t dn
r c th biu din nh sau:
Gra
Grb
Grc
a/2
a
Ta c t dn r: Gr1= Gr2= Gra + 2. Grb+ 2. Grc.

Trong :
+Theo bng (5-6)/227-231- TL 1: theo mc 5 ta c:
+ ) Gra : t dn r gia 2 cc.
3
3
b ' . hcs
7 23.10 .36,35.10
Gra = 0
4 .10 .
5,2.10 8 (H)
3
C
19,34.10
Vi: hcs = 36,35 (mm): chiu cao ca s mch t.
C = 19,34 (mm): chiu rng ca s mch t
b = 23 (mm): b dy cc t.
+ ) Grb: t dn r 1 na tr c.
Theo bng (5 -4)/223- quyn 1: theo mc 7 ta c:
Grb = 0,26. 0.lr
Grb 0,26.4 .107.36,35.103 1,19.108 H
Vi lr = hcs = 36,35. 10-3 (m) : chiu di phn r.
+) Grc: t dn 1 na tr rng
56
3
0,64.lr
7 0,64.36,35.10
Grc 0 .
4 .10 .
1,06.108 H
19,34.2
C
1
1 a / 2
11
Vi: a2 = 11. 10-3 (m): chiu rng cc t gia.

lr = hcs = 36,35. 10-3 (m): chiu di phn r.
0 4 .107 H / m (H/m): h s t thm qua khe h khng kh.
C = 19,34. 10-3 (m): chiu rng ca s mch t.
Vy ta c t dn r:
Gr1 = Gr2 = Gra + 2Grb + 2Grc.
= 5,2. 10-8 + 2. 1,19. 10-8+ 2. 1,06. 10-8= 9,7.10-8(H)
f. Tnh sut t dn r
- Theo mc 6 bng 5 - 6, trang 227- 231 ta c sut t dn r
2. Gr1 2.9,7.10-8
g
9,34.10-6 ( H / m).
-3
lr
36,35.10
Trong : Gr1 = 9,7. 10-8 (H).
lr = hcs = 19,34. 10-3 (m).
+ Tnh t dn r quy i
Theo trang 242 - TL 1 ta c:
`
1
3
Grq = . g. lr
Trong : g = 5,51.10-6 (H/m): sut t dn r

lr = hcs = 40.10-3 (m).
Grq =
1
. 5,51. 10-6 .36,35. 10-3 = 6,77. 10-8 (H).
3
+ Tnh t dn tng: G = G + Grq.

d G d G d Grq
o hm hai v ta c:
d
d
d
V t dn r quy i khng ph thuc vo nn :
d G rq
d
=0
d G d G
=
.
d
d
3. Xc nh h s t r ti th :
th r
Grq
6,67.108
r
1
1
1,5 .
th
Gth
13,47.108
57
Vy ti th 2,76.103 : ta tnh c r 1,5 so vi r 1,5 ban u

nn vic chn lc u l hp l.
- Xc nh t thng , t tn ti th :
+ Theo cng thc 5- 50 trang 263 TL1 :
2
K . th dG 1 dGrq
Fhth
.
(N).
2
2. G d 3 d
V
d Grq
d
d G d G
=
.
d
d
2
K . th dG
.
Fhth
(N).
2
2. G d
th
Fhth . 2. G
dG
K .
d
(Wb) .
1
1
Ti th : Fhtb Fttt .71 35,5 N
2
2
K = 0,25.
th t thng khe h khng kh ti im ti hn
th
35,5. 2. 13,47.108
0,25.5,046.10
2,69.10 4 (Wb) .
+ Tnh t cm th :
B th
th 2,69.104
0,55( T ) .
S2
495,5.106
Vy ti th ta tnh c B th 0,55 so vi B th 0,6 chn ban u l hp l.

Xc nh h s t r vi cc tr s khc nhau
58
G
0 r
1 rq
G
0 : t thng chnh trong mch t
: t thng khe h khng kh
r: h s t r
Vi cc gi tr khe h khng kh ta xy dng c bng sau
r
3,08.104
G1 4 .10
0,408 0,02289
4
6,16.10
G2 4 .107
0,408 0,0318
6,77.108
r 1
1
G
G
Grq
6,16.10 4
G 2 4 .10
2
'
(mm)
G1(.10-8)
G2(.10-8)
G (.10-8)
G'1(.10-6)
G'2(.10-6)
dG
(.10-6)
d
r
; G
G13 .G2
2.G1.G2
G13 G2 2.G1 G2
3,08.10 4
; G 4 .10
0,408
2
2
'
'
dG 4.G 1 .G 2 2.G 1 .G 2 2
0,408 ;
2
d
2.G 1 G 2
'
1
2,76
4
6,76
-8
-8
17,04.10
13,5.10
8,9.10-8
32,2.10-8
23,6.10-8 15,79.10-8
16,6.10-8
12,6.10-8
8,37.10-8
-50,29.10-6 -23,7.10-6 -7,59.10-6
-101,1.10-6 -47,87.10-6 -16,4.10-6
9
7,64.10-8
13.10-8
7,02.10-8
-4,26.10-6
-9,04.10-6
5,046.10-5
2,39.10-5
0,813.10-5
0,442.10-5
1,401
1,53
1,79
4. Xc nh s vng dy
S vng dy ca nam chm in tnh theo cng thc trang 284- TL 1:
K
.U . k
W U min k ir . (vng )
4,44. tb. f
Trong : KUmin = 0,85: h s st p
kir = (0,60,9): h s tnh n tn tht in p trn ng dy.
chn kir = 0,8
f = 50 (Hz) tn s
59
Uk = 380 (V): in p iu khin

tb =.r = 2,76. 10-4. 1,5 = 4,14. 10-4 (Wb).
Vy s vng dy nam chm in
0,85.380.0,8
W
2812 (vng )
4,44.4,14.10-4.50
a. Tit din dy qun
b .h
q kl . cd cd
W
Trong : W = 2812 (vng) s vng cun dy.
bcd = 11,34 (mm): b dy cun dy
Vi kl = (0,30,7).Chn kl = 0,45: h s lp y cun dy
hcd = 26 (mm): chiu cao cun dy
Vy tit din nam chm in
11,34.28,35
q 0,45.
0,05(mm 2 ).
2812
b. ng knh dy qun ca cun dy
ng knh dy qun khng c cch in
4. q
4.0,05
d
0,258(mm ).
Theo bng (5-8)/276-277- quyn 1 ta chn vt liu dy qun l dy qun ng k

hiu .
Tra bng chn ng knh dy qun d = 0,27 (mm) : khng c cch in
Ta c ng knh dy qun k cch in : d = 0,305(mm).
Nn ta c h s lp y cun dy :
W . . d '2 2812. .(0,305)2
kld
0,64
4. bcd . hcd
4.11,34.28,35
So snh vi kl = (0,30,7) ta thy kl = 0,68 l hp l
Ta c tit din dy qun vi kld = 0,64 :
11,34.28,35
q ' 0,64.
0,073(mm2 ).
2812
60
5. Tnh ton vng ngn mch chng rung:

a. Xc nh tr s trung bnh ca lc in t khe h lm vic khi khng
c vng ngn mch trng thi ht ca phn ng
Theo cng thc (5 - 52)/267- TL 1 ta c lc ht in t trung bnh khi phn
ng b ht
2
4 htb
Ftbh 19,9.10 .
(N ).
Stn
Trong :
Stn : tng din tch trong v ngoi vng ngn mch
Stn = S1 - 2.b.v: b rng vng ngn mch
S1 = 347 (mm2): tit din cc t bn
b = 23 (mm): b rng cc t
2
-6
2
Stn = 347 - 2. 23. 2 = 259 (mm ) = 259.10 (m ).
tb: t thng trung bnh qua khe h khng kh khi phn ng ht
tb: t thng trung bnh qua khe h khng kh khi phn ng ht
tb 4,14.104
tb
2.10-4 (Wb).
2 rh 2.1,035
Vy lc ht trung bnh khi ht
(2.10-4 )2
Ftbh 19,9.104.
30,73N ).
259.106
b. Tnh t s f1 ca lc in t b nht v tr s trung bnh ca lc in t
khi khng vng ngn mch
Theo cng thc( 5-53 ) trang 267 ta c
k .F
F
fl min dt cqth
Ftbh
Ftbh
kt = 1,1 1,2 , h s d tr
Fcqh - lc c quy i cc t c vng ngn mch
F
64,4.1,2
Fcqh cth
19,47(N ). ti 2,76mm
4
4
19,47
Vy fl
0,63
30,73
c. T s din tch cc t ngoi v trong vng ngn mch
61
Sng
2 f1 2 0,63
0,5 chn 0,5

Str
4 f1
4.0,63
M Str + Sng = 259.10-6 m2
Sng = 129,5. 10-6 m2
Str = 129,5.10-6 m2
Thy
d. in tr vng ngn mch

Theo cng thc (5 - 54)/267- TL 1 ta c in tr vng ngn mch
. 0. S tn .4. f1
rnm
. 4 - f12 ( ).
2
cn.(3 f1 2)
Trong 2 f = 100 (rad/s).
1
cn h = 0,2. 10-3 (m): khe h khi np ht
2
0 4 .10 7 (H/m)
Stn = 259 . 10-6 (m2).
fl = 0,63
Vy in tr vng ngn mch
100 .4 .10-7.259.10-6.4.0,5
rnm
. 4 - (0,63)2 1,62.104 ( )
-3
2
0,2.10 .(3.0,63 2)
e. Gc lch pha gia t v n khi s vng ngn mch Wnm=1.
Theo cng thc (5 - 55)/268- TL1 ta c
. Gt
tg
rnm
S
M ta c : Gt 0 . t
h
Nn gc lch pha s l:
100 .4 .10-7.129,5.10-6
tg
1,58
1,62.104.0,2.10-3
Trong : = 100 (rad/s)
0 4 .10 7 (H/m)
St = 129,5.10-6 (mm2)
rnm = 1,62.10-4 ()
h = 0,2 . 10-3 (m)
= 57,60 cos = 0,53.
62

Vy ta thy = 58 l ph hp vi =( 500 800 )
f. Xc nh t thng trong v ngoi vng ngn mch
Theo cng thc ( 5- 56 )/268- TL1 ta c t thng trong vng ngn mch
h
t
1 c 2 2.c.cos
Trong :
0,5
c
1
cos 0,53
h = tb = 2. 10-4 (Wb).
2.10-4
t
1,14.10-4 (Wb)
2
1 1 2.1.0,53
T thng ngoi vng ngn mch
n = c.t = 1.1,14.10-4= 1,14.10-4(Wb)
g. T cm khe h vng ngoi vng ngn mch
1,14.10-4
Bn n
0,88( T ). .
Sn 129,5.10-6
So snh Bn = 1 T) < [Bn]= 1,6 (T) l hp l.
h. Xc nh cc lc t
Theo cng thc trang 268- TL 1 ta c gi tr ln nht ca lc in t l:
2
Fmax Ftbt2 Ftbn
2. Ftbt . Ftbn .cos2
Trong :
-4 2
n2
4 (1,14.10 )
Ftbn 19,9.10 . 19,9.10 .
19,97(N ).
Sn
129,5.10-6
2
(1,14.10-4 )2
4 t
Ftbt 19,9.10 . 19,9.104.
19,97 (N ).
St
129,5.10-6
Cos2 = cos (2. 580) = - 0,4384
4
Vy Fmax (19,97)2 (19,97)2 2.19,97.19,97.(-0,43) 21,3(N ).

Gi tr trung bnh ca lc in t
Ftb = Ftbt + Ftbn = 19,97 + 19,97 = 39,94 (N).
63
Vy gi tr nh nht ca lc int
Fmin = Ftb - Fmax = 39,94 21,3= 18,64 (N).
y l Fmin ca mt cc t bn do Ftmin do NC sinh ra l
Ftmin = 4. Fmin = 4. 18,64 = 74,56 (N).
Ta thy Ftmin > Fc max = 71 (N) do np khng b rung
i. Tn hao nng lng trong vng ngn mch

Theo cng thc (5 - 57)/269- TL1 ta c
( KU max . . t )2
Pnm
(W)
2. KU2 min .rnm
Trong : KUmax = 1,1 : h s tng p
KUmin = 0,85: h s st p
= 100 (rad/s).
t = 1,14. 10-4 (Wb).
rnm = 1,62. 10-4 ().
(1,1.100 .1,14.10-4 )2
Pnm
6,631(W ).
2.0,852.1,62.10-4
6. Xc nh kch thc vng ngn mch
Chu vi vng ngn mch
S
144
pnm = 2 ( b + v + t' ) = 2. ( 24 + 2 +
) = 64 (mm).
b
24
Chn vt liu lm vng ngn mch l ng cng tinh khit
20 = 0,01681. 10-3 (mm): in tr sut ca vt liu 200C.
= 0,0043 (1/0C): h s nhit in tr ca vt liu
Nhit pht nng ca vng ngn mch l: 2000C.
Nn ta c in tr sut ca vt liu nhit pht nng
200 = 20. [1 + ( - 20)] = 0,01681. 10-3 [1 + 0,0043. (200 -20)]
= 0,03 . 10-3 (mm).
Tit din vng ngn mch
200 . pnm 0,03.103.61,3

Snm
11,35(mm2 ).
4
rnm
1,62.10
64
Nh vy chiu cao ca vng ngn mch:

S
11,35
hnm nm
5,68(mm ).
nm
2
7. H s to nhit ca vng ngn mch
a. To nhit trong khng kh
Theo trang 269 - TL 1:
Ktkk= 3. 10-3 .(1 + 0,0017 . )
= 3. 10-3 .(1 + 0,0017. 200 ) = 4,02. 10-3 (W/cm2 0C).
Vi = 2000C.nhit pht nng ca vng ngn mch
b. To nhit trong li thp
Ktkk= 2,9. 10-3. (1 + 0,0068. )
= 2,9. 10-3. (1 + 0,0068. 200 ) = 6,84. 10-3 (W/cm2 0C).
c. Din tch to nhit trong vng ngn mch
- Trong khng kh:
129,5
S
.5,68 = 309,2 (mm2).
S1 = 2. pnm. v + 2. t . hnm = 2. 61,3. 2 + 2.
b'
23
- Trong li thp
S2 = 2b. hnm + 2b.v + pnm.hnm
= 2. 23.5, 68 + 2. 23. 2 + 5, 68. 61,3 = 701,5 (mm2).
d. Dng in c trng cho tn hao nng lng trong ngn mch
P
6,63
Inm nm
202,3( A).
rnm
1,62.10-4
Dng in ngn mch quy i v dng in trong cun dy nam chm in
I
202,3
Inmq nm .n
.2 0,144( A).
W
2812
8. Tn hao trong li thp
a. Xc nh th tch li thp mch t
M = V. . kc.
Trong : kc = 0,9 : h s p cht.
= 7,65 (g/cm3) trng lng ring ca thp.
V = H. L. b - 2hcs. C. b th tch li
vi H = 76 (mm): chiu cao nam chm in
L = 86,88 (mm): chiu di nam chm in
65
hcs = 36,35 (mm): chiu cao ca s mch t

b = 23 (mm): kch thc li
C = 19,34 (mm) chiu rng ca s mch t
Nn ta c V = 76.86,88. 23 - 2. 36,35 .19,34. 23 =119538 (mm3) = 119,538(cm3)
Vy trng lng ca li thp
M = 119,538. 7,65 . 0,95 = 868,7 g = 0,87 kg
b. Sut tn hao ng vi t cm cc i
2. KU max .Uk . kir
max
.W
Trong
kir= 0,8
Ku max = 1,1: h s tng p
Uk 380 V in p iu khin
W = 2812 (vng) : s vng cun dy
2.1,1.380.0,8
max
5,35.10-4 (Wb).
100 .2812
Vy t cm cc i ca li thp:
max 5,35.10-4
Bmax
1,08( T ).
S2 495,5.10-6
B
Pmax = p10. ( max ) 2 = 1,65. (1,08)2 = 1,924 (W/kg)
1
Vi p10 = 1,65 (W/kg): sut tn hao ring ca thp ( theo bng 5-4 TL1).
c. Cng sut tn hao trong st
PFe = Pmax.M.K
M = 0,8 kg: khi lng mch t
K = 1,5 3 chn K = 2
Vy cng sut tn hao trong thp: PFe = 1,924. 0,8 . 2 = 3,08 (W).
9. Tnh dng in trong cun dy nam chm in
a. Dng in trong cun dy khi ht
Khi np ng, rt nh ( = 0,2 mm), dng in trong cun dy gm: dng
in trong cun dy, dng t ho khe h, dng in tn hao trong li thp v dng
in ngn mch quy i trong vng ngn mch
I h ( I I th )2 ( I nmqd I Fe )2
Trong :
66
(+). I =
U k
2
: dng in t ho khe h khng kh
R +X
V R<< X nn coi R 0.
U
U
U k
I k k
X .L .W 2 .G
Vi G = G + Grq = (196,4 + 391,1). 10-8 + 67,7. 10-9
G = 59,4. 10-7 (H).
= 100 (rad/s).
W =2812 (vng ): s vng cun dy
Uk = 380 (V).
380
Vy ta c: I
0,026( A).
100 .2812 2.5,94.10-6
2
(+). Ith: dng in t ho trong li thp

Theo phng trnh t ho trong li thp ta c :
Ith. W = Hi . li
Trong : Hi . li = Htb . ltb: tng t p trn cc phn on mch t.
Htb: gi tr trung bnh ca cng t trng trong li thp tnh theo gi
tr hiu dng ca Bmax.
Cn c vo ng cong t ho ca thp 31 hnh ( 5-6 )/195 TL 1:
Vi Bmax = 1,2 T => Hm = 1,6 (A/cm).
H 1,6
M : Htb = m
= 1,13(A/cm).
2
2
Ta c : Ltb = 2. L + 3. C = 2. 8,668+ 3.1,934= 23,1 (cm).
Vy ta c dng in t ho trong li thp
1,13.23,1
Ith
9,3.103 ( A).
2812
PFe
(+). I Fe
: dng in tn hao trong li thp
Uk . KU max
Trong : PFe = 3,488 (W): cng sut tn hao trn li thp
Uk = 220 (V): in p nh mc ca cun dy
kumax = 1,1: h s tng p
Vy dng in trong tn hao li thp
3,08
I Fe
7,4.103 ( A).
1,1.380
(+). Inmq = 0,144(A): dng in quy i ca cun dy
67
I h (0,026 9,3.103 )2 (0,144 7,4.10 3 )2 0,155( A).

Mt dng in khi ht
I 0,155
Jh h
3,1( A / mm 2 ).
q 0,05
Nh vy Jh = 3,1 ( A/mm2) < [Jcp] = 4 (A/mm2) l ph hp
b. Dng in trong cun dy khi nh = 9 (mm)

Khi nh trong cun dy ch yu l dng in t ho khe h khng kh, dng
in t ho li thp v tn hao rt ln. Do vy dng in trong cun dy c tnh
gn ng theo biu thc trong ti liu 2 trang 153
U .K
I nh m 2U max
.W .G
Trong : G = G + Grq = 1,2.10-7 + 6,77.10-8 = 1,88.10-7 (H).
kumax = 1,1: h s tng p
W= 2812 (vng )
Um = 380 (V).
1,1.380
Dng in khi nh
Inh
0,89( A).
100 .2812 2.1,88.10-7
H s tng dng din
I
0,89
K I nh
5,77
Ih 0,155
Vy KI = 5,77 nm trong gii hn cho php [KI] = ( 415 ).
10. Tnh ton nhit dy qun nam chm in
a. Tnh in tr dy qun
Theo cng thc (1-45) TL2 :
R =0 .
l tb . W
q
Trong :
ltb: di trung bnh ca mt vng dy
ltb = 4. ( a + bcd + 2)
Vi: bcd = 11,34 (mm): b dy cun dy
a = 24 (mm): b rng cc t gia
= 1 + 2 + 6 = 1,5 + 0,5 + 0,5 = 2,5 (mm).
68
ltb = 4 (24 + 11,34 + 2. 2,5) = 161,4 (mm)

W = 2812 (vng) : s vng cun dy
q = 0,073 (mm2): tit din dy qun
: in tr sut ca dy qun nhit cho php ca cp cch in B
0
(135 C).
= 20. [ 1+ . ( 135- 20 )] = 0,01681. 10-3.[ 1+0,0043.(135-20)]
= 0,025.10-3 (.mm).
161,4.2812
Nn in tr dy qun R 0,025.10-3.
155( ).
0,07
b. Tn hao nng lng trong dy qun
Theo cng thc trang 40 TL2 :
Pdq = Ih2 . R = (0,155)2. 155 = 3,72 (W).
Trong Ih = 0,155(A) : dng in khi ht
c. tng nhit b mt cun dy

Theo cng thc (1-46)/39 quyn 3 v s lm nng cun dy ca nam chm in ta
Pdq
c
KT . Stn
Trong : KT: h s to nhit ca cun dy
Theo bng (6-5)/301- TL 1: KT = (10 20) (W/m2 0C).
Nn ta chn KT = 18 (W/m2 0C).
Stn: din tch to nhit ca cun dy
Stn = Sxq + S.
Sxq = P. hcd
Vi P: chu vi ngoi cun dy
P = 2. ( a + 2.bcd) + 2. ( b + 2.bcd)
= 2. ( 24 + 2. 11,34) + 2. (23 + 2. 11,34) = 184,7(mm)
Sxq = 184,7.28,35 = 5,24. 10-3 (m2).
3
S = . 2. bcd. hcd : mt phn din tch y
4
3
= .2. 11,34. 28,35 = 482,2 (mm2) = 0,48. 10-3 (m2)
4
Nn din tch to nhit : Stn = 5,24. 10-3 + 0,48. 10-3 = 5,72. 10-3 (m2).
69
3,72
43,4 0C
-3
15.5,72.10
Nhit pht nng cun dy: = mt + = 40 + 43,4 = 83,4 (0C).

Nh vy nhit pht nng cun dy = 83,4 < [cp] = 1350C l hon ton ph
hp.
11. Tnh v dng c tnh lc ht

Theo cng thc (5-50)//263- TL 1.
2. k. 2 dG 1 dGr
Fht
.
.
:
2. G2 d 3 d
Trong : k = 0,25 : h s xt ti th nguyn lc
= tb
r
tb: t thng trung bnh ca li thp
k .U . k
tb U dk ir
4,44.W . f
ku: h s nh gi s thay i din p ngun.
kir = 0,8:
r: h s t r.
dG r
M ta bit Gr = const
=0
d
Uk = 380 (V): in p cun dy
W =2812 (vng ) : s vng cun dy
2. k. 2tb dG
Vy lc ht in t Fth
.
2. 2 r. G2 d
Thay i cc h s kU
ku = 0,85
tb =
0,85.380.0,8
= 4,13. 10-4(Wb).
4,44.2812.50
70
ku = 1
tb =
1.380.0,8
= 4,87. 10-4(Wb)
4,44.2812.50
ku = 1,1
tb =
1,1.380.0,8
= 5,36. 10-4(Wb).
4,44.2812.50
dng c c tnh lc ht ta thay i tng gi tr ca v thay i kU tng

ng.
KU = 0,85 ; 1; 1,1.
Do ta c bng sau
mm
G .10 9 H
Fht (N)
dG
.10 6 H
kU=0,85
kU = 1
kU= 1,1
2,76
56,26
78,23
94,76
16,6.10-8
5,406.10-5
1,401
38,78
53,9
65,3
12,6.10-8
2,39.10-5
1,53
6,76
21,8
30,4
36,79
8,37.10-8
0,813.10-5
1,79
12,5
18,8
22,77
7,02.10-8
0,442.10-5
12. Tnh v dng c tnh lc nh

Ta c h s nh l t s gia dng in hoc in p cun dy khi phn ng
ca cun nam chm in nh v khi tc ng
Inh
U
knhU = nh
I t
Ut
Trong trng hp n gin ta cng c th xc nh qua c tnh lc ca nam
chm in
Fnh
knh =
Fh
Fnh- lc nh ln nht m nam chm in ht c Fnh = 26,5 N
Fh- lc ht nh nht m nam chm in ht c Fh = 64,5 N
knhI =
71
Xt ti im ti hn 2,76 : knh =
26,5
= 0,41
64,5
Vy ta c gi tr in p nh vi kU = 0,85.
Unh = knh. Ut = knh. 0,85. Um = 0,41. 0,85. 440 = 180,8(V).
T thng trung bnh li thp khi nh
Unh . kir
180,3.0,8
tbnh
2,32.10-4 (Wb).
4,44. W . f 4,44.50.2812
Vy lc in t tng ng vi Unh c xc nh theo cng thc
2. k. 2tbnh dG
Ftnh
.
2. 2 r. G2 d
Thay i cc gi tr khe h khng kh ta xc nh c cc gi tr ca c
tnh nh nh sau:
mm
Ftnh(N)
2,76
6,76
7,2
4,96
2,78
1,72
72
VIII.
THIT K KT CU
Thit k kt cu gip chng ta hnh dung mt cch r rng v chnh xc c

th kt cu ca cng tc t cn thit k. lm c phn ny th ta da vo :
- Kt cu chn ban u
- Cc s liu tnh ton
- Tham kho cc mu trong thc t.
Nhim v ca cng tc t thit k kt cu l : cn xc nh hnh dng ca v,
cc ch tiu k thut, cc kch thc ca cc chi tit, b phn cng tc t v thit k
bn v k thut ca cng tc t.
1. Kt cu v
V ca cng tc t c nhim v che chn, bo v ngn cch cc b phn ca
cng tc t vi mi trng bn ngoi, bo v trc cc tc ng ca mi trng v
mt ho hc v c hc ng thi n c tc dng cch in cho cc phn mang in
v phn khng mang in cng nh c vi t. V vy vt liu lm v phi c
bn c ha v in cao ng thi phi m bo khng c tc dng vi mi trng.
Mt khc phi m bo thm m v thun tin trong s dng.
Vt liu lm v : ta chn loi nha K 18- 2, loi ny c tnh cht sau :
- C mu en
- C bn c cao, t chu tc dng ho hc v in
- m bo bng b mt khi gia cng
Kt cu v chia ba phn ; - thn - np.
- Phn : c tc dng m v mch t ca nam chm in v cun dy.
Ngoi ra cn dng np cng tc t vo cc v tr cn s dng, do b dy ca
phn thng c lm vic dy hn.
- Phn thn : c tc dng che chn mch t v gn cc tip im tnh
chnh v ph, b dy ca phn thn 3 mm.
- Phn np : c tc dng bao bc phn pha trn ca c cu truyn ng, h
thng tip im, bung dp h quang. Kt cu ca phn np m bo cch in
gia cc pha v thun tin cho vic u ni cng tc t vo mch in.
73
B mt v phi nhn, sch v trn v phi ghi y cc thng s k thut ca

cng tc t.
2. H thng tip im
a. H thng tip im chnh
Thanh dn ng
- Vt liu thanh dn : ng ko ngui MI TB c cc thng s k thut sau :
T trng
: 8,9 g/cm3.
Nhit nng chy : nc 1083oC .
H s nhit in tr : = 0,0043(1/ oC).
H s dn nhit
: = 393 W/ cm 0 C .
in tr sut 20 0 C: 20 = 0,01741.10 3 ( mm ).
Nhit cho php : [ cp ] = 95 0
- S lng : 3
- Kch thc thanh dn: a = 18 mm, b = 2 mm
Thanh dn tnh
- Vt liu thanh dn: ng ko ngui MI TB
- S lng: 3
- Kch thc: a = 20 mm, b = 2 mm
u ni
- Vt liu u ni: ng M1
- Vt liu bu lng : thp t cacbon CT3
- S lng: u ni : 6, bulng: 6
- Kch thc: s dng vt c ren tho ri M6 15
Tip im
- Vt liu tip im: bc niken than ch ( kim loi gm )
K hiu
KMK. A32
T trng ( )
8,7 g/cm3
Nhit nng chy nc
1300 0C
in tr sut 20 0C 20
0,032.10-3 mm
dn nhit
3,25 W/ cm 0C
cng Briven H B
60 80 Kg/ mm2
H s dn nhit in tr
0,0035 (1/ 0C)
- S lng :
+ tip im ng: 6
+ tip im tnh: 6
- Kch thc tip im:
+ tip im ng : hnh tr cu d = 16 mm, h = 3 mm
74
+ tip im tnh: hnh ch nht a = 20 mm, b = 22 mm,

h = 3mmm.
L xo tip im chnh
- Vt liu: thp cacbon k hiu OTC9389-60
- S lng: 3
- Kch thc:
+ ng knh dy l xo: d = 0,8 mm
+ ng knh l xo: D = 9,6 mm
+ s vng lm vic : W0 = 5vng
+ s vng kt cu: W = 6 vng
+ Chiu di kt cu: lk = 4 mm , ln = 7,96 mm
- Bc l xo: tk = 0,8 mm , tn = 1,352 mm.
3. Nam chm in
Chn dng kt cu
Kiu dng kt cu ca nam chm in l mch t ch E ht thng. Cun dy
c t cc t gia v vng ngn mch t cc t bn.
Chn vt liu
Mch t ca nam chm in xoay chiu c ghp t l thp k thut in.
k hiu 31.
T cm cc i tn s f = 50 (Hz) : Bmax = 1,2 (T).
Lc phn khng :
HC = 0,32 0,40 (A/cm)
T cm d :
Bd = 0,8 1,2 T
T cm bo ho :
Bbh = 2 T
t thm c bn : M = 250 (H/m)
t thm cc i : Mmax = (6 7).1000 (H/m)
T cm khi Mmin :
B= 0,6 0,8 T
Tn hao t tr khi bo ho : 0,1(mJ/cm3 cho 1 vng)
-8
in tr sut :
= 40.10 ( m)
Khi lng ring :
7,65 (g/cm3).
Thnh phn cacbon :
0,02%.
Cc thng s v kch thc ch yu ca nam chm in
- Kch thc cc t gia : a = 24 mm, b = 22mm
- Kch thc cc t bn : a = 12 mm, b = 23 mm
- Kch thc cun dy :
+ Chiu cao cun dy hcd = 28,35 mm
+ B dy cun dy : bcd = 11,34 mm
- Kch thc nam chm in :
+ b rng ca s : E =19,34 mm
+ chiu cao ca s : hcs = 36,35 mm
75
+ chiu cao nam chm in : A = 70,35 mm

+ chiu cao y nam chm in : h = 12 mm
+ chiu cao np nam chm in : hn = 12,95 mm
+ chiu di nam chm in : C = 51,68 mm
- S vng cun dy nam chm in : W = 2812 vng
- Tit din dy qun : q = 0,073 mm2
- ng knh dy qun khng k cch in : d = 0,27 mm
- ng knh dy qun k c cch in : d = 0,305 mm
- Kch thc vng ngn mch :
+ vt liu : ng cng tinh khit
+ chiu cao hnm = 5,68 mm
- Trng lng li thp : M = 0,87 kg
4. H thng mch t
a Mch t tnh
Mch t tnh c t ln phn nha, pha di c l xo hon xung nhm
gim chn ng mch t khi cng tc t lm vic.
Vt liu mch t : dng thp hp kim cao k hiu 31.
S lng : 1 chic
S l thp : 46 l
Mch t ng
Mch t ng c nng bi 2 l xo nh c tr dn hng. Trn mch t
ng c gn gi tip im ng v cc tip im ng.
Vt liu : dng thp hp kim cao k hiu 31.
S lng: 1 chic
L xo nh
- Vt liu: thp cacbon k hiu OTC9389-60
- S lng: 2
- Kch thc:
+ ng knh dy l xo: d = 0,7 mm
+ ng knh l xo: D = 8,4 mm
+ s vng lm vic : W0 = 9 vng
+ s vng kt cu: W = 10 vng
+ Chiu di kt cu: lk = 6,3 mm , ln = 13,5 mm
- Bc l xo: tk = 0,7 mm , tn = 1, 45 mm.
5. H thng dp h quang
Kt cu bung dp h quang ca cng tc t: bung dp kiu dn dp.
76
TI LI U THAM KHO
1. Thit k kh c in h p ( TL1)
B mn Thit b in - in t, trng H Bch Khoa H Ni nm 1986.
2. Kh c in ( TL2)
Phm Vn Chi
Bi Tn Hu
Nguyn Tin Tn
3. Chi tit my ( TL3)
Nguyn Trng Hip
77

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Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

Nhm sinh vin:

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

II. CHN PHNG N ..................................................................................................... 10

TNH V DNG C TNH C .............................................................................. 14

TNH V DNG C TNH C .............................................................................. 29

NAM CHM IN ..................................................................................................... 43

1. Khi nim chung. ......................................................................................................... 43

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

b. Kch thc cun dy: ......................................................................................................... 48

TNH TON KIM NGHIM NAM CHM IN ................................................. 51

1. Lp s thay th: ...................................................................................................... 51

Tnh ton nhit dy qun nam chm in ............................................................... 68

Tnh v dng c tnh lc ht.................................................................................. 70

Tnh v dng c tnh lc nh ................................................................................. 71

VIII. THIT K KT CU ................................................................................................. 73

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

A.GII THIU V CONTACTOR.

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

B.TNH TON THIT K

trnh thit k kh c in. N bao gm cc yu cu v:

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

c kt cu hp l v ph hp vi iu kin cng ngh nc ta hin nay,

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

TNH V DNG C TNH C

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

HB=80 120 KG/mm 2

+ Nhit nng chy

Tnh kch thc thanh dn ch lm vic di hn:

CT (2-6) trang 19 TLTK

od : n nh nhit vi ng tra bng 6-1 trang 288 TLTK od =55

kT : h s ta nhit, tra bng 6-5 trang 300 chn kT =8.10 W/m 2 .0 C

: in tr sut thanh dn o C : 20 [1+ ( -20)]

: nhit lm vic nguy him nht: od o 55 40 950 C

0, 0174.103 [1+0,0043(95-20)] =0,023.10 -3m

Kch thc thanh dn chnh: I=63A

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

Tuy nhin trn thanh dn c gn tip im,cho nn thanh dn phi c kch

Vi td =46,960C < cp =950C nn thanh dn tha mn v nhit ch

Nguyn Thi Thanh KT 3 K54

Thit k contactor xoay chiu 3 pha.

trng bng dng bn nhit (l dng in m thanh dn cha b bin dng).

[j]: dng in ngn mch cho php

T cng thc trang 313 c:

Abd , Ad: h s tch phn tra th trang 313 TLTK

So snh vi [j] bn trn ta thy tha mn.