Khoa sinh hc i hc Lt

BO CO CHUYN

TM HIU QUY TRNH SN XUT CC CH PHM CHITIN-CHITOSAN T V TM, CUA

NHM THC HIN

Nguyn Kiu Phng Anh V c Qunh Anh ng Ngc Bnh Hong Vn Cng L Kim Cng Nguyn Minh c L Hng n Trn Th Thanh Giang Hunh L Th Thu H Phm Th Hng Nguyn Th Kim Hoa V Ngc Hong

I.

1.
2. 3. II. III. IV.

Khi qut chung v chitin, chitosan Dng tn ti ca chitin Cu to chitin, chitosan Tnh cht chitin, chitosan Quy trnh cng ngh Thuyt minh quy trnh ng dng ca chitin, chitosan

Sn xut cc ch phm chitin chitosan t ph liu gip xc

Back

I. Khi qut chung chitin-chitosan: 1. Dng tn ti ca chitin:

+ Tn ti trong v ca ng vt ngnh gip xc, trong mt s loi cn trng, k sinh trng vv.. + Mt s chng vi sinh vt c kh nng sinh tng hp chitin

2. Cu to ca chitin-chitosan:
Chitin l polymer tuyn tnh t cc n v c s l N-acetyl--Dglucosamin lin kt bng cu ni -1,4 glucosid. Chitosan l polymer tuyn tnh t cc n v c s l -Dglucosamin lin kt bng cu ni -1,4 glucosid.

3. Tnh cht ca chitin-chitosan

Chitin
+ Mu trng c, khng tan trong nc, acid v kim long, cc dung mi hu c. Tan trong dung dch thioxinat Liti (LiSCN), thioxinat canxi. + Bn vi cc cht oxy ha mnh. + Trong mi trng kim c chitin b deacetyl ha, trong mi trng acid c nng s to huyn ph chitin hoc b thy phn to olygo-chitin, to D-glucosamin (nu trong mi trng t0 cao, thi gian di) v acid acetic.

Chitosan Mu trng c, dai hn chitin, ha tan trong acid long to dung dch keo. + Trong mi trng acid c chitosan b thy phn to D-glucosamin + C kh nng hp ph cc cht mu. + Dung dch chitosan l loi keo dng nn c kh nng kt hp vi cc loi keo m + C kh nng to mng, c tnh cht dit khun.

Tnh cht ca chitin-chitosan nht, to mng, kh nng ha tan trong nc, trong acid long, kh nng hp ph cht bo, kh nng hp ph mu, hp ph kim loi, khng khun vv ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc yu t sau: + Khi lng phn t + deacetyl ha + Kiu deacetyl

II. Quy trnh cng ngh

1. Nguyn liu
Ch yu l v ca ng vt ngnh gip xc (tm, cua, mc vv) Thnh phn ca nguyn liu: chitin (20-27% cht kh), protein, CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2, Lipit, sc t vv

2. Ha cht

Dung dch HCL 5% - 10% Dung dch NaOH 5% 10% Dung dch NaOH 35%50% Dung dch KMnO4 0.1% trong H2SO4 10%, dung dch H2O2 5% hoc dung dch NaOCl 5.

3. Quy trnh sn xut

Ch phm tm cua t ch bin thc phm (tm,mc,cua)

Loi canxi trong dung dch HCl 5% (HCl 5%,V/W = 20, nhit phng, t = 12-24h)
Ra trung tnh

Loi protein bng dung dch NaOH ho tan (NaOH 5% - 10% ,100oC, t = 2h,V/W = 5)
Ra trung tnh

Kh mu bng H2O2 5%, V/W = 2, t =15 - 30 pht Hoc bng NaOCl 5, V/W = 2, t =15 - 30 pht Hoc KMnO4 0.1% trong H2SO4 10%, V/W = 4, kh mu KMnO4 bng Na2S2O3 1.5%, t =15 pht

chitin

Deacetyl ha bng NaOH ho tan (NaOH 35% -50%,90-100oC /2 - 3h,V/W = 5-10)

Chitosan

III.Thuyt minh quy trnh

1. X l acid Mc ch: kh khong trong nguyn liu (khong tri u trong v tm v to phc vi chitin) C th dng cc acid mnh kh khong (u tin HCl). Cc yu t nh hng n hiu qu kh khong Loi (HCl), nng acid (6-10%), V/W = 10, nhit (t0 phng), thi gian x l (12-24 h) ty thuc loi nguyn liu.

2. X l kim Mc ch: kh protein, lipit v sc t Dng NaOH thch hp, c th s dng enzyme protease kh protein. X l kim c th gp chung vi cng on deacetyl. Cc yu t nh hng n hiu qu kh protein Loi kim, nng kim (510%), nhit (1000C) thi gian (1-2h), v/w = 5.

3. Kh mu S dng cc cht c kh nng kh mu mnh. H2O2(5%), NaOCl (5 ), KMnO4 (1,5%) sau ty mu KMnO4 bng Na2S2O3 1% trong acid H2SO4 10%. Thi gian ty mu 15 pht.

4. Chitin

Chitin c mu trng c hay hng ph thuc vo khu ty mu. Chitin c gin d xay nh.

5. Deacetyl ha
S dng enzyme deacetylase deacetyl ha. Dng xt m c (3550%) deacetyl ha. Mc deacetyl ha ph thuc vo: Nng xt (40%), v/w = 5, nhit (90-1200C), Thi gian 5-12h.

6. Chitosan

C dai hn chitin, mu trng c.

IV. ng dng ca chitin-chitosan v olygo

1. Nng nghip olygo-chitosan, glucosamin kch thch sinh trng, khng bnh cc l mm. Phun dung dch olygo c kh nng dit cc loi nm gy bnh ca cy trng.

2. Y dc S dng mng chitosan cha bng, lm da nhn to, kch thch to da mi. Lm ch khu phu thut S dng olygo trong cc loi thuc gim bo, gim hm lng cholesterol, thuc vim lot d dy t trng. Olygo l thnh phn trong thuc cha bnh au khp.

Gel sinh hc Novagast Liu php thin nhin cho d dy khe mnh

3. Thc phm Lm thc ung chc nng (cc loi tr). Olygo trong thc phm c tc dng bo qun (do kh nng khng khun). Chitosan to trng thi, kt cu cho cc sn phm m phng t surimi.

Mng bo qun thc phm

4. M phm L thnh phn ca cc loi keo tc C trong thnh phn ca cc loi kem dng da

5. Cng nghip Lm cht c nh (gi mang) t bo, enzyme Tng n mc ca giy, thay th h tinh bt trong h vi, sn xut cc loi vi chu nhit, chng thm. ng dng trong x l mu, lm trong nc qu Trong x l nc thi, hp ph cc kim loi nng ng dng trong cng ngh nano.

Vi chu nhit