KHOA CNG NGH HA HC

TI:


CHNG CT METHANOL AXETOL



GVHD: L NHT THNG SVTH: TRN NGC HIP
NG TH LIN
LP: HHO4TLT


TP.HCM, Thng 12 nm 2012
N HC PHN
B CNG THNG CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM C LP - T DO - HNH PHC
KHOA CNG NGH HA HC

N MN HC
CHUYN CHNG CT
H tn sinh vin: TRN NGC HIP & NG TH LIN
Lp: HHO4TLT
1. Yu cu:
Tnh v thit k thit b chng ct lm vic lin tc, dng chng ct hn hp Ethanol
Axetol.
2. Vi cc s liu sau:
- Nng sut tnh theo sut lng hn hp vo 3000 kg/h.
- Hn hp a vo thp trng thi lng si.
- Nng u ca hn hp l 40% khi lng theo cu t d bay hi.
- Nng sn phm nh 98% khi lng theo cu t d bay hi.
- Nng sn phm y 2,5% khi lng theo cu t d bay hi.
- p sut hi t (hi nc bo ha) l 2at.
3. Nhim v v ni dung tnh ton:
- Chn vt liu ch to.
- Cn bng vt cht v nhit lng.
- Tnh thit b chnh.
- Tnh thit b ngng t v chn bm.
- V bn v quy trnh cng ngh A
1
v bn v chi tit A
1

Gio vin hng dn


L Nht Thng

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN
**********

TP.HCM, ngy thng nm 2012
Ngi nhn xt



PHN I: TNG QUAN V SN PHM DY CHUYN CNG NGH:
I. - M U
II. - TNH CHT HO L CA AXETON METANOL
1. Mt s tnh cht ca Metanol
2. Mt s tnh cht ca Axeton
III - TNG QUAN V DY CHUYN CNG NGH
PHN II: TNH TON THIT B:
A - CN BNG VT LIU V NHIT LNG:
I - CN BNG VT LIU
1. Thng s ban u
2. Tnh cn bng vt liu
3. Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng v on luyn
4. Xc nh s a ca thp chng luyn
II - CN BNG NHIT LNG
1. Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b un nng
2. Cn bng nhit lng cho ton thp
3. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b ngng t
4. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lm lnh
B - THNG S CHNH CA THP:
I - NG KNH THP
1. ng knh on luyn
2. ng knh on chng
II - CHIU CAO THP
1. Chiu cao on luyn
2. Chiu cao on chng
III - TNH TR LC
1. Tr lc on luyn
2. Tr lc on chng
C - TNH C KH THIT B CHNH:
I - B DY THN THP
II- TNH Y V NP THIT B
III- B DY LP CCH NHT
IV -TNH NG KNH NG DN
1. ng knh ng dn sn phm nh
2. ng knh ng dn hn hp u
3. ng knh ng dn sn phm y
4. ng knh ng hi lu
V - KCH THC A PHN PHI V LI M
VI - MT BCH
1. Bch ni thit b
2. Bch ni thit b vi ng
VII CA NI THIT B
VIII- CHN V TAI TREO THIT B
1. Khi lng ton thp
2. Chn v tai treo
D - TNH THIT B PH
I - TNH THIT B UN NNG HN HP U
II - TNH V CHN BM
PHN III: KT LUN

PHN I: TNG QUAN V SN PHM, DY CHUYN CNG NGH
I-M U
Trong cng ngh ha hc, phn ring hn hp 2 hay nhiu cu t ha tan mt phn
hay hon ton vo nhau, ta c th s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: Hp th, hp
ph, trch ly, chng ct, sy,... Mi phng php iu c nhng c th ring v c nhng
u nhc im nht nh. Vic la chn phng php v thit b cho ph hp ty thuc vo
hn hp ban u, yu cu sn phm v iu kin kinh t.
i vi hn hp Axeton - Etanol l hn hp 2 cu t tan hon ton vo nhau theo bt k
t l no (hn hp ng ph) v c nhit si khc bit nhau cng iu kin p sut. Do
phng php ti u tch hn hp trn l chng ct. Phng php ny da vo bay
hi khc nhau gia cc cu t bng cch thc hin qu trnh chuyn pha v trao i nhit
gia 2 pha lng - kh. Sn phm nh thu c gm cu t c bay hi ln v mt phn
cu t c bay hi thp hn. Cn sn phm y thu c ch yu l cu kh bay hi v
mt phn cu t d bay hi.
Qu trnh chng ct cng c nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: chng n gin: dng
tch cc cu t c bay hi khc bit nhau. N dng tch s b v lm sch cu t
khi tp cht; chng chn khng: dng trong trng hp cn h thp nhit si ca cu t
do cu t d ph hy nhit hay c nhit si qu cao; Chng bng hi nc trc tip:
Dng tch cc hn hp gm cc cht kh bay hi v tp cht khng bay hi; chng
luyn: L phng php ph bin nht tch hon ton hn hp cc cu t d bay hi c
tnh cht ha tan mt phn hay hon ton vo nhau theo bt k t l no bng cc thit b
khc nhau nh: Thp a, thp m, thp chp,... i vi hn hp trn, ta nn dng thit b
chng thp m.
Hin nay thp m c s dng rng ri bi c nhiu u im: Hiu sut cao v b mt
tip xc ln, gii hn lm vic tng i rng, thit b n gin gn nh d tho ri d sa
cha, tr lc khng cao nhng lm vic n nh v chng c sn phm i hi c tinh
khit cao. Thp m c th lm vic p sut thng v p sut chn khng, lm vic lin
tc hoc gin on. Cu to, kch thc v loi m ty thuc vo ch lm vic, yu cu
tinh khit sn phm.
Tuy nhin thp m cng c nhng mt hn ch sau: Kh lm t u m. Nu thp
qu cao th phn phi cht lng khng u.
khc phc nhc im trn, ngi ta chia m ra nhiu tng v c t thm a phn
phi cht lng i vi mi mt tng m nu thp qu cao.

II-TNH CHT HA L CA AXETON ETANOL
1-ETANOL:
Cng thc cu to: C
2
H
5
OH
Khi lng phn t: M = 46
Nhit si: Ts = 64,7
o
C
Nhit nng chy: Tnc = -97,8
o
C
L mt cht lng khng mu, linh ng, c mu c trng. D ht m, to hn hp ng
ph vi Axeton, tan v hn trong nc. Ho tan c nhiu hp cht hu c v mt s hp
cht v c.
L mt cht c, nu xm nhp qu kh nng chu ng ca c th cng c th gy m,
lng ln hn c th gy t vong.
ng dng:
Sn xut sn v nha:
- Dng methanol trong sn xut nha Urea-formaldehyd v nha phenol-formadehyd.
Nhng cht ny l nguyn liu cho ngnh cng nghip carton th. Methanol c dng
trong lacquer do c ho tan v bay hi tt.
Cng nghip cao su:
- Methanol c dng rng ri lm dung mi cho cao su trong sn xut cc sn phm
khc nhau.
Ngoi ra Methanol c dng trong
- Mc in
- Keo dn
- Cht chng ng
- Dc
2- AXETON:
Axeton c cng thc phn t: CH
3
COCH
3
, M=58.
Axeton l cht lng khng mu, nh hn nc, c t trng d
20
= 0,792, tan nhiu trong
nc do phn t phn cc, c nhit si t
s
=56,1
o
C, ng c nhit 95,5
o
C.
Phng php quan trng iu ch Axeton l: oxy ha ru iso propanol
CH
3
CH(OH)CH
3
CH
3
COCH
3
+ H
2
O
V mt ha hc: C cu to tng t anht , axeton tham gia phn ng cng H
2
v
natrihyro sun fit (NaHSO
3
) nhng khng tham gia trng gng vi AgNO
3
v Cu(OH)
2
,
tuy nhin c th b oxy ha v ct st nhm CO to thnh 2 axt khi n phn ng vi cht
oxy ha mnh.
ng dng: Axeton ha tan tt trong axetat, nitro xenlulo, nha fenol focmanehit, cht
bo, dung mi pha sn, mc ng ng. N l nguyn liu tng hp thy tinh hu c, t
Axeton c th iu ch xten sunphuanat (thuc ng) v cc halophom.
Nhn chung Axeton v axit axetic c nhiu ng dng trong cng nghip cng nh trong
i sng hng ngy nn cn thit phi tch ring c chng.

III- TNG QUAN V DY CHUYN CNG NGH:
Dung dch u c bm t thng cha 8 ln thng cao v 5 nh bm thy lc ri chy
vo thit b un nng 6. y dung dch c un n nhit si bng hi nc bo ha.
Thit b un si 6 l thit b trao i nhit kiu ng chm, dung dch sau khi un si s i
vo thp chng luyn a tip liu.
Trong thp chng luyn, hi i t di ln v gp cht lng i t trn xung. V nhit
cng ln cao cng thp nn khi hi i t di ln trn qua cc a s lm cu t c nhit
si cao s b ngng t li v cui cng trn nh thp thu c hn hp hu ht cu t d
bay hi (cu t nh). Hi ra khi thp s qua thit b ngng t hon ton 4, lng lng
ngng t mt phn s c hi lu v thp, phn cn li s vo thit b lm lnh 3 gim
nhit ri chuyn xung thng cha sn phm nh 1.
Cht lng i t trn xung gp hi t di ln c nhit cao nn mt phn cu t nh
s bay hi. Do cng xung thp nng cu t kh bay hi cng cao, cui cng sn
phm y thu c hu ht l c t nng. Hn hp ny thu c y thp sau cho
vo thng cha sn phm 9.
Nh vy thp thc hin mt qu trnh chng tch lin tc hn hp 2 cu t Axeton -
Metanol thnh 2 sn phm ring bit. Axeton c nhit si thp hn nn thu hi nh
cn Metanol thu hi y.
S DY CHUYN CNG NGH (BN V KH A3)




Ch thch cc k hiu trong quy trnh
1. Thng cha nguyn liu
2. Bm
3. Thng cao v
4, 8 Thit b un si.
5. Thp chng
6. Thit b ngng t
7. Thit b lm lnh.
9. Thng cha sn phm y















PHN II TNH TON THIT B
A- CN BNG VT LIU V NHIT LNG:
I- CN BNG VT LIU:
1-THNG S BAN U:
GI F: lu lng hn hp u kg
P: Lu lng sn phm nh kg/h-kmol/h
W: Lu lng sn phm y kg/h- kmol/h
a
F
: Nng cu t bay hi hn hp u % khi lng
a
D
:

Nng cu t bay hi sn phm nh % khi lng
a
W
: Nng cu t bay hi sn phm y % khi lng
x
F
: Nng cu t bay hi hn hp u % mol
x
D
: Nng cu t bay hi trong sn phm nh % mol
x
W
: Nng cu t bay hi trong sn phm y % mol
K hiu: Axeton: A, M
A
= 58
Ethanol: B, M
B
= 46
S liu ban u: G
F
= 3000 kg/h
a
F
= 40% khi lng
a
D
= 98% khi lng
a
W
= 2,5% khi lng
p sut hi t ( hi nc bo ha) l 2at
2- TNH CN BNG VT LIU:
Phng trnh cn bng vt vit cho ton thp:
F = D + W (1)
Hay G
F
= G
D
+ G
W

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vit cho cu t nh:
Fa
F
= P a
D
+ Wa
W
(2)
G
F
a
F
= G
D
a
D
+ G
W
a
W

T (1) v (2) suy ra:



Hay
F D
W
W F
D
W D
F
a a
G
a a
G
a a
G

| |
40 2, 5
3000 1178, 01( / )
98 2, 5
F W
D F
D W
a a
G G kg h
a a

= = =



T (1) suy ra: G
W
= G
F
G
D
= 3000 1178,01=1821,99 (kg/h)

Tnh nng phn mol da vo nng phn khi lng:

i
ik
k
k
k
M
a
M
a
x
E
=

Thnh phn mol trong hn hp u:
0, 4
58
0, 346
1 0, 4 1 0, 4
58 46
F
A
F
F F
A B
a
M
x
a a
M M
= = =

+ +



Thnh phn mol trong sn phm nh:
D W F W D W
F D W
x x x x x x
= =


Figure 1

0, 98
58
0, 975
1 0, 98 1 0, 98
58 46
D
A
D
D D
A B
a
M
x
a a
M M
= = =

+ +


Thnh phn mol trong sn phm y:
0, 025
58
0, 02
1 0, 025 1 0, 025
58 46
W
A
W
W W
A B
a
M
x
a a
M M
= = =

+ +

Tnh khi lng mol trung bnh:
Trong hn hp u:
M
F
= x
F
M
A
+ (1- x
F
)M
B
= 0,346*58 +(1-0,346)*46 = 50,152 ( kmol/kmol)
Trong sn phm nh:
M
D
= x
D
M
A
+ (1- x
D
)M
B
= 0,975*58 + (1-0,975)*46 = 57,7 (kmol/kmol )
Trong sn phm y:
M
W
= x
W
M
A
+ (1- x
W
)M
B
= 0,02*58 + (1-0,02)*46 = 46,24(kmol/kmol)
Lu lng tnh theo kmol/h:
F = =
F
F
M
G
3000/50,152 = 59,82 ( kmol/h)

Nh vy ta c bng tng kt thnh phn sn phm nh sau:
Dng sn phm nhit 78,3
0
C nn ta c khi lng ring ca dng ny
p =740kg/m
3
( Etylic) , p= 725kg/m
3
(aceton)
A
D
m
D
D
x x


+ =
1 1



Phng trnh cn bng vt cht:

+ =
+ =
D W F
Dx Wx Fx
D W F



59,82
20, 7 0, 02 0, 975
W D
W D
= +

= +

D= 20,42 (kmol/h).
W = 39,4 (kmol/h).
3.1. Xc nh ch s hi lu thch hp[5]
Ch s hi lu ti thiu:
T s hi lu ti thiu l ch lm vic m ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l v cc. Do
d, chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh l ti thiu.
T s hon lu ti thiu :
*
min *
0, 975 0, 56
1, 939
0, 56 0, 346
D F
F F
x y
R
y x

= = =


T s hon lu lm vic tnh theo cng thc kinh nghim:
R = 1,5 R
min
=1.5 * 1,939 = 2,91

3.2. Phng trnh ng lm vic s mm l thuyt[5]
3.2.1. Phng trnh ng lm vic ca on ct
Y=
1 1 +
+
+ R
x
x
R
R
D
=
2, 91 0, 975
0, 744 0, 25
2, 91 1 2, 91 1
x x + = +
+ +

Y=0,744x + 0,25
3.1.1. Phng trnh ng lm vic phn chng
1 2, 929 2, 91 2, 929 1
0, 02 1, 49 0, 01
1 1 2, 91 1 2, 91 1
W
L R L
y x x x x
R R
+ +
= = =
+ + + +

Y = 1,49x 0.01
Vi:
59, 82
2, 929
20, 42
F
L
D
= = =



a- Xc nh s ngn thc t :
N
TT
=
tb
L
N
q
vi
3
3 2 1
q q q
q
+ +
=
tb


tb
q : L hm ph thuc vo bay hi tng i o v nht ca hn hp.
o : c xc nh theo cng thc IX .61 trang 171 s tay QT & TBHC tp II:

x
x
y
y

=
1
1
*
*
o
vi y, x : nng phn mol ca Axeton trong pha hi v pha lng.
Nh vy xc nh bay hi trong cc hn hp nh sau:
Trong hn hp u:
*
1 *
1
2, 405
1
F F
F F
y x
y x
o

= =

; vi x
F
=0,346; y
*
F
= 0,56
Trong sn phm nh:

*
2 *
1
1, 256;
1
D D
D D
y x
y x
o

= =

vi x
D
= 0.975; y
*
D
= 0,98
Trong sn phm y:

*
3 *
1
3,127
1
W W
W W
y x
y x
o

= =

, vi x
W
= 0,02; y
*
W
=0.06
Xc nh nht ca hn hp theo nhit :
Trc ht ta xc nh nht ca Axeton v Metanol theo nhit da vo bng I .101
trang 91 s tay QT & TBCNHH tp I
Nhit
o
C nht ru Etylic nht Aceton
t
F
=60
E
= 0,591
A
= 0,23
t
P
=55
E
= 0,646
A
= 0,238


t
W
=65
E
= 0,474
A
= 0,208
nht ca hn hp c xc nh theo cng thc I.12 trang 84 s tay QT & QBCNHH
tp I
lg
hh
=x
A
lg
A
+ x
E
lg
E


Do ta c:

1
lg lg (1 ) lg
F AF F EF
x x = + = 0,346lg0,23 + (1-0,346)lg0,591 = -0,37

1
= 0,426

2
lg lg (1 ) lg 0,975lg0,23 (1-0,975)lg0,591= -0,628
D AF P EF
x x = + = +

2
0, 235 =
3
lg lg (1 ) lg 0,02.lg0,23 (1-0,02)lg0,591 -0,236
W AW W EW
x x = + = + =


3
0, 58 =
Nh vy ta c kt qu sau:

1
1 1
0, 426*0, 547 0, 233 72% o q = = =
1
2 2 2
0, 235*1, 256 0, 295 68% o q = = =
3 3 3
0, 58*3,127 1,813 43% o q = = =
3 2 , 1
,
2
q q q xc nh bng th trang 171 s tay qu trnh thit b v cng ngh ha cht
tp II.
Suy ra hiu sut lm vic ca thp:
1 2 3
72 68 43
61%
3 3
q q q
q
+ + + +
= = =

S ngn thc t on ct (luyn):
N
l
=15 / 0,61 =24 ngn
S ngn on chng:
N
c
=5 / 0,61 = 8 ngn
S ngn thc t thp :
N = 24 + 8 = 32 ngn
III-CN BNG NHIT LNG:
Mc ch ca vic tnh ton cn bng nhit lng l xc nh lng hi t cn thit
khi un nng hn hp u, un bc hi y thp cng nh xc nh lng nc lm lnh
cn thit cho qu trnh ngng t lm lnh.
Chn nc lm cht ti nhit v n l ngun nguyn liu r tin, ph bin trong thin
nhin v c kh nng p ng yu cu cng ngh.
















Q
D1
: Lng nhit do hi nc cung cp un nng hn hp u J/h
Q
f
: Lng nhit hn hp u mang vo J/h
f
Q
'
: Lng nhit do hi mang ra khi thit b un nng hn hp u J/h
Q
m1
: Lng nhit mt mt trong qu trnh un si J/h
Q
y
; Lng nhit hi mang ra khi thp J/h
Q
Rx
: Lng nhit do lng lng hi lu mang vo J/h
Q
p
: Nhit lng do sn phm nh mang ra J/h
Q
D2
: Nhit lng cn un nng sn phm y J/h
Q
W
: Nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra J/h
Q
m2
: Nhit lng mt mt trong thp chng luyn J/h
Q
ng1
, Q
ng2
: Nhit do nc ngng mang ra J/h.
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Q
y

Q
f

Q
D1

Q
D2

Q
m2

Q
ng1

Q
m1

Q
W

Q
f

Q
P

Q
Rx

Q
ng2

1- CN BNG NHIT LNG CA THIT B UN NNG:
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng cho qu trnh un nng:
Q
D1
+ Q
f
= Q
f
, + Q
m
+ Q
ng1

Q
D1
= D
1 1
= D
1
(r
1
+
1
u C
1
)
vi :
D
1
: Lng hi t mang vo Kg/h
1
: Hm nhit ca hi nc J/kg
r
1
: n nhit ha hi ca hi nc
1
u : Nhit nc ngng
o
C
C
1
: Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng J/kg
Ta c:
Q
ng1
= D
1 1
u C
1

Q
m
= 5% (Q
D1
- Q
ng1
) = 5% D
1
r
1

Q
f
= F t
f
C
f

Q
f
, =F t
f
,C
f
,
t
f
, :nhit si ca hn hp u p sut kh quyn
o
C
t
f
: nhit hn hp u
o
C, chn t
f
=25
o
C
Suy ra:

1
1
95 , 0
) , , (
r
C t C t F
D
f f f f

= kg/h
Tnh nhit dung ring ca hn hp u:
C
f
25
= C
A
25
a
F
+ C
E
25
(1-a
F
)
C
A
25
,C
E
25
tra trong bng I-153trang 171 STQT&TBCNHC tp I:
C
A
25
= 2195 J/kg
C
E
25
=2537,5 J/kg
C
f
25
= 2195*0,346 +2595*(1-0,346) =2467 J/kg
Q
f
= F C
f
t
f
= F*25*2088,21 =F*52205,15 J/kg
Tng t ta c nhit dung ring ca hn hp u nhit si t
f
, = 59,36
o
C
C
f
,
59,36
= C
A
59,36
a
F
+ C
B
59,36
(1-a
F
)
C
A
59,36
= 2302,92 J/kgd
C
B
59,36
= 2757,12 J/kg
C
f
,
59,36
= 2302,92* 0,32 + 2757,12*(1-0,32) = 2611,7 J/kg
Ta chn hi nc bo ha un si p sut p = 1 atm, t
o
= 99,1
o
C,
suy ra r
1
= 2264* 10
3
J/kg (bng I-125 trang 314 s tay QTTB&CNHC tp I)
Vy ) / ( 07 , 651
10 * 2267 * 95 . 0
25 * 2467 36 , 59 * 7 , 2611
15000
3
h Kg D =

=
2-CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO TON THP:

2 2 2 m ng W y D Rx f
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q + + + = + + '
a/ Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo thp:
) / ( 2325457680 15000 * 36 , 59 * 7 , 2611 h J G t C Q
F f f f
= = ' ' = '
b/ Nhit lng do hi nc mang vo y thp:
) / )( (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
h J C r D D Q
D
u + = =
D
2
: lng hi nc mang vo thp Kg/h
2
: Hm nhit ca hi nc bo ha J/Kg
2 2
, C u : Nhit v nhit dung ring ca nc ngng.
c/ Nhit lng lng hi lu mang vo :
Q
Rx
= G
x
C
x
t
x
= G
P
R
x
C
x
t
x
(vi
P
G
R
x
x
= )
t
x
= t
P
= 55,54
o
C
C
55,54
x
: Nhit dung ring ca hn hp sau khi ngng t ti sn phm nh (J/Kg )
C
55,54
x
:

c tnh theo cng thc sau
C
55,54
x
= C
A
a
P
+ C
B
(1- a
P
)
C
A
,C
B
: Tra bng I-153, trang 171, 172 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I nhit 55,54
o
C
C
A
= 2290,505 J/Kg
C
B
= 2739,93 J/Kg
Do C
55,54
x


= 2290,505*0,77 + 2739,93*(1-0,77) = 2393,86 J/Kg
Suy ra Q
Rx
= 6000*4,7*2393,86*55,54 = 3749330,56 J/h
d/ Nhit lng do hi mang ra:
hh x P hh y y
R G G Q ) 1 ( + = =
hh
: Nhit lng ring ca hn hp hi nh thp:
P P P P P hh
t C r a a + = + =
2 1
) 1 (
1
: Hm nhit ca Axeton 55,54
o
C
2
: Hm nhit ca Metanol 55,54
o
C
C
P
: Nhit dung ring ca hn hp ra khi thp nhit 55,54
o
C
C
P
= C
Rx
= 2393,86 J/Kg
r
P
: n nhit ha hi ca hn hp nhit d 55,54
o
C
r
P
= r
A
a
P
+ r
B
(1- a
P
)
r
A
,r
B
: Tra bng I-213 trang 254 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I bng phng php ni suy:
r
A
= 552,93 *10
3
J/Kg
r
B
= 1116,2 *10
3
J/Kg
) / ( 10 * 38 , 659 10 * 2 , 1116 * ) 77 , 0 1 ( 77 , 0 * 10 * 93 , 552
3 3 3
kg J r
P
= + =
Suy ra
hh
= r
P
+ C
P
t
P
=659,38*10
3
+ 2393,86*55,54 = 792335 J/Kg
Vy Q
y
= G
P
(R
x
+ 1)
hh
= 6000*(4,7+1)*792335 =24578,23*10
6
J/h
e/ Nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra:
Q
W
= G
W
C
W
t
W
J/h
C
W
: c xc nh theo cng thc: ) 1 (
303 , 64 303 , 64 303 , 64
W B W A W
a C a C C =
C
A
, C
B
: tra bng I - 153 trang 171 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I bng phng php ni suy
nhit 64,303
o
C:
C
A
= 2318,985 J/kg
C
B
= 2781,515 J/kg
Suy ra C
W
= 2318,985*0,02 + 2781,515*(1-0,02) = 2772,26 J/kg
Vy Q
W
= 9000*2772,26*64,303 = 1604381713 J/h
f/ Nhit lng do nc ngng mng ra :

2 2 2 2
u C D Q
ng
= J/h
g/ Nhit lng do tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh :
Q
m2
= 0,95D
2
r
2
J/h
Vy
) / ( 48 , 11090
10 * 2264 * 95 , 0
10 ) 7493 , 3 45 , 2325 38 , 1604 23 , 24578 (
95 , 0
3
6
2
2
h J
r
Q Q Q Q
D
Rx f W y
=
+
=
' +
=
3- CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B NGNG T:
S dng thit b ngng t hon ton:
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng:
P (R
x
+ 1 ) r = G
n1
C
n
(t
2
- t
1
) cng thc 13-62 trang 111 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tp II:
Chn nhit vo ca nc lm lnh t
1
=25
o
C v nhit ra t
2
= 40
o
C
Do nhit trung bnh:
C
t t
t
o
tb
5 , 32
2
40 25
2
2 1
=
+
=
+
=
Gi thit rng nhit lng do hi ngng t thit b nhit t
P
= 60
o
C s truyn hon
ton cho nc tng nhit t 25 n 40
o
C
Do r = r
P
= 659,38 *10
3
J/kg
P= 6000 Kg/h; R
x
= 4,7
C
n
: nhit dung ring ca nc tra bng I-147 trang 165 s tay QT&TBCNHHH tp I
nhit 32,5
o
C
C
n
= 0,99861 Kcal/kg = 4180 J/kg
Vy lng nc lm lnh:
) / ( 66 , 359
) 25 40 ( * 4180
10 * 38 , 659 ) 7 , 4 1 ( 6000
3
1
h kg G
n
=

+
=
4- CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B LM LNH:
) ( ) (
1 2 2 2 1
t t C G C t t P
n n P
= ' '
C
P
: nhit dung ring sn phm nh, theo trn ta c: C
P
= 2393,86 J/kg
C t t
o
P
54 , 55
1
= = ' , C t
o
25
2
= '
t
1
=25
o
C, t
2
= 40
o
C, C
n
=4180J/kg
Suy ra:
) / ( 4695
) 25 40 ( 4180
86 , 2393 * ) 25 54 , 55 ( 6000
) (
) (
1 2
2 1
2
h kg
t t C
C t t P
G
n
P
n
=

' '
=

Vy tng lng nc lm lnh dng trong qu trnh trao i nhit:
G
n
= G
n1
+ G
n2
= 359,66 + 4695 = 5054,66 Kg/h
B- THNG S CHNH CA THP
I- NG KNH THP:
ng knh thp c tnh theo cng thc:

tb
tb
W
V
D
* 3600 *
4
t
= (m) cng thc (IX-89)
V
tb
: Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m
3
/h)
W
tb
: Vn tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s)
1- NG KNH DON LUYN:
a/ Lu lng hi trung bnh trong on luyn:
c tnh theo cng thc sau:

2
1
g g
g
d
tb
+
= (IX - 91) s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II
g

: Lng hi ra khi thp a trn cng (kg/h)

g
1
: lng hi i vo a di cng ca on luyn kg/h
p dng phng trnh cn bng vt liu, nhit lng cho a th nht ca on luyn:
g
1
= G
1
+ G
P
(IX -93)
g
1
y
1
= G
1
x
1
+ G
P
x
P
(IX -94)
g
1
r
1
= g

(IX -95)
Vi: y
1
: Hm lng hi ca a th nht on luyn
x
1
: Hm lng lng a th nht on luyn
Ta c: G
D
= 1178,01kg/h
G
F
= 3000 kg/h
x
1
= x
F
= 0.346 (phn mol) = 0.4 (phn khi lng)
g

= G
X
+ G
P
= G
P
(R
X
+ 1) = 1178,01(2,91+1) = 4606,02(kg/h )
r
1
: n hit ha hi ca hn hp i vo a th nht ca on luyn
r

: n nhit ha hi ca hn hp i ra khi nh thp

r
1
= r
a
y
a
+ r
b
(1- y
a
)
r

= r
a
y

+ r
b
(1 - y

) ( cng thc trang s 182 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II)
r
a
,r
b
: n nhit ha hi ca cu t Axeton v Etanol nguyn cht
nhit t
F
= 60
o
C, ta tra bng I-212 trang 254 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I
r
a
= 519163,2 ( J/kg)
r
b
= 879228 ( J/kg)
y
a
= y
F
= 0,56 (phn mol)
Do tnh c: r
1
=519163,2*y
1
+ 879228*(1-y
1
) (J/kg)
nhit t
P
=55
o
C ta cng c:
r
a
= 523350

(J/kg)
r
b
= 883414,8 (J /kg )
y

= y
P
= 0,98
Suy ra r

= 523350* 0,98 + (1-0,98)*883414,8 = 530551,296 (J/kg)

T phng trnh cn bng vt liu v nhit lng ta c:
g
1
= G
1
+ 1178,01
g
1
y
1
=0,346G
1
+1178,01*0,975 = 0,346G
1
+ 1148,56
g
1
[519163,2y
1
+(1-y
1
)879228]=530551,296*4606,02=2443729880
Gii h 3 phng trnh ta c:
y
1
=
g
1
= (kg/h)
G
1
= (kg/h)
r
1
= r
a
y
1
+ r
a
(1-y
1
) = 519707*0,307+(1-0,307) * 1110506=929130,707(J/kg)

Suy ra lu lng hi trung bnh:
) / ( 39 , 8 ) / ( 9 , 30223
2
34200 83 , 26247
2
1
s kg h kg
g g
g
d
tb
= =
+
=
+
=
a/ Tnh khi lng ring trung b nh i vi pha kh on luyn:
| |
) / (
4 . 22
273 ) 1 (
3 1 1
m kg
T
M y M y
B tb A tb
ytb
+
= cng thc IX -102 trang 183 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tp II.
M
A
= 58 (kg/kmol), M
B
= 32 (kg/kmol)
493 , 0
2
679 , 0 307 , 0
2
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
P
tb
y y
y (phn mol)
T: nhit lm vic trung bnh ca on luyn:
K
t t
T
F P
45 , 330 273
2
36 , 59 54 , 55
273
2
= +
+
= +
+
=
Do :

| |
) / ( 653 , 1
45 , 330 * 4 , 22
273 32 * ) 493 , 0 1 ( 58 * 493 , 0
3
m kg
ytb
=
+
=
) / ( 27 , 18284
653 , 1
9 , 30223
3
h m
g
V
ytb
tb
tb
= = =

c/ Tm vn tc hi trung bnh trong on luyn:
Ch chuyn ng ca pha lng t trn xung v cht kh t di ln trong thp m
c m t bng th sau
OA: ng vi ch chy dng
AB: ng vi ch chy qu
BC: ng vi ch chy xay
A
O
B
C
D
Wy
|
FdT
dG

CD: ng vi ch si bt
C: im ng vi vn tc o pha
D: ng vi vn tc sc
Ch lm vic ca thp t im C v trc gi l ch mng. Vn tc lm vic ca
dng kh nh hn vn tc o pha t 10---20%. Chn W
tb
= 0,9 *W
,
S
(m/s)
W
,
S
: c tnh theo cng thc IX-115 trang 187 stay QT&TBCNHH tp II

8
1
4
1
16 . 0
3
2
75 , 1 lg
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
| '
xtb
ytb
y
x
y
x
xtb d
ytb d S
G
G
A
gV
W

o

Vi: A= -0,125

d
o : B mt ring ca m (m
2
/m
3
)
V

: Th tch t do ca m m
3
/m
3

g: Gia tc trng trng m/s
2

ytb xtb
, : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng v pha hi (kg/m
3
)
n x
, : nht ca pha lng nhit trung bnh v ca nc 20
o
C
G
x
, G
y
: Lu lng lng v hi trung bnh kg/s
Vn cn phi c gii quyt l vic chn s dng loi m thch hp. V yu cu
ca qu trnh ny phn tch hn hp vi 77% khi lng sn phm nh v 2% sn phm
y cho nn cn phi chn m c kch thc tng i nh nhng vn tr lc li ny
sinh khi kch thc m nh. y chn m Risiga, ln xn bng x c kch thc
120*120*12 (mm) ,b mt ring
d
o =36 (m
2
/m
3
), th tch t do V

= 0,82 (m
3
/m
3
), S m
trong 1m
3
: 450, Khi lng ring xp ) / ( 420 m kg
d
=
- Tnh khi lng trung bnh pha lng v pha hi:
- i vi pha hi:
) / ( 653 , 1
3
m kg
ytb
=

tnh trn.
-i vi pha lng:
Khi lng ring trung bnh pha lng tnh theo cng thc IX-104a trang 183 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tp II.
2
1
1
1
1 1
x
tb
x
tb
xtb
a a


+ =
xtb
: Khi lng ring trung bnh ca hn hp lng trong luyn
2 1
,
x x
: Khi lng ring ca Axeton v Metanol nhit trung bnh t
tb
= 57,45
o
C,
c tra bng I-2 trang 9 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I:
) / ( 8 , 748
3
1
m kg
x
=
) / ( 3 , 758
3
2
m kg
x
=
545 , 0
2
77 , 0 32 , 0
2
1
=
+
=
+
=
P F
tb
a a
a (phn khi lng )
) / ( 09 , 753
3
m kg
tbx
=
-Xc nh nht
n x
, :
n
: nht ca nc 20
o
C tra trong bng I-102trang 94 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I
) / ( 10 * 005 , 1 ) ( 005 , 1
2 3
m Ns cp
n

= =
:
x
nht ca hn hp lng trung bnh trong on luyn, c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
2 1
lg ) 1 ( lg lg
tb tb x
x x + =
427 , 0
2
648 , 0 206 , 0
2
=
+
=
+
=
P F
tb
x x
x (phn mol)
2 1
, : nht ca Axeton v Metanol 57,45 c tra bng I-101 trang 91 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tp I bng phng php ni suy:
) / ( 10 * 234 , 0
2 3
1
m Ns

=
) / ( 10 * 375 , 0
2 3
2
m Ns

=
) / ( 10 * 3069 , 0
2 3
m Ns
x

=
- Tnh lu lng lng, hi trung bnh trong on luyn:
2
R F
xtb
G G
G
+
=
) / ( 83 , 7 ) / ( 28200 7 , 4 * 6000 s kg h kg R G G
x P R
= = = =
G
F
= 15000(kg/h) =4,167 (kg/s)
) / ( 99 , 5
2
83 , 7 167 , 4
s kg G
xtb
=
+
=
) / ( 39 , 8 ) / ( 9 , 30223
2
1
s kg h kg g
g g
G
tb
d
ytb
= = =
+
=
Nh vy:
16 . 0
3
8
1
4
1
2
lg 75 , 1 lg
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
= '
n
x
xtb d
ytb d
xtb
ytb
y
x
S
gV G
G
A W

044 , 1
005 , 1
3069 , 0
09 , 753 * ) 82 , 0 ( * 81 , 9
653 , 1 * 36
lg
09 , 753
653 , 1
39 , 8
99 , 5
75 , 1 125 , 0 lg 2
16 , 0
3
8
1
4
1
= |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= '
S
W
522 , 0 lg = '
S
W
) / ( 326 , 3 s m W
S
= '
) / ( 3 * 9 , 0 s m W W
S tb
= ' =
Vy:
) ( 46 , 1
3 * 3600 * 14 , 3
27 , 18284 * 4
3600
4
m
W
V
D
tb
tb
= = =
t

2- NG KNH ON CHNG:
a/ Lu lng hi trung bnh on chng: c tnh gn ng bng trung bnh cng ca
lng hi ra khi on chng v lng hi i vo on chng:
2 2
1 1 1
g g g g
g
n
tb
' +
=
' + '
= '
V lng hi ra khi on chng bng lng hi i vo on luyn do :
) / ( 83 , 26247
1
h kg g g
n
= = '
Lng hi i vo on chng, lng lng, v hm lng hi trong on chng c xc
nh bng phng trnh cn bng vt liu v nhit lng:
) 1 (
1 1 W
G g G + ' = ' (IX-98)
) 2 (
1 1 1 W W W
x G y g x G + ' = ' ' (IX-99)
) 3 (
1 1 1 1
r g r g r g
n n
= ' ' = ' ' (IX-100)
V hm lng hi y
,
1
= y
W
.
1
1
1
1
) 3 ( g
r
r
g
'
= ' ; Vi r
1
c xc nh t php tnh cn bng nhit lng:
) / ( 707 , 929130
1
kg J r =
r
,
1
: c xc nh theo cng thc trang 182 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II:
) 1 (
1 1
y r y r r
b a
' + ' = '
02139 , 0
1
= = '
W
y y (phn mol)
nhit T
W
= 64,3
o
C tra bng I- 212 trang 254 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I ta c:
r
a
= 122,8 (kcal/kg) = 514,208*10
3
J/kg
r
b
= 262,52 (kcal/kg) = 1099,142*10
3
J/kg
) / ( 262 , 1086630 1099142 * ) 02139 , 0 1 ( 02139 , 0 * 514208
1
kg J r = + = '
) / ( 38 , 22443
262 , 1086630
707 , 929130
83 , 26247
1
1
1 1
h kg
r
r
g g = =
'
= '
) / ( 38 , 31443 9000 38 , 22443 ) 1 (
1 1
h kg G g G
W
= + = + ' = '
0184 , 0
38 , 31443
011 , 0 * 9000 02139 , 0 * 38 , 22443
) 2 (
1
1
1
=
+
=
'
+ '
= '
G
x G y g
x
W W W
(phn mol)
Vy lng hi trung bnh trong on chng:
) / ( 605 , 24345
2
38 , 22443 83 , 26247
2
1 1
h kg
g g
g
tb
=
+
=
' +
= '
b/ Khi lng ring on chng:
Ging nh trong on luyn, khi lng ring on chng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
| |
T
M y M y
B tb A tb
ytb
4 , 22
273 ) 1 (
1 1
+
= (IX-102)
Ta c: C
t t
t
o W F
tb
83 , 61
2
302 , 64 36 , 59
2
=
+
=
+
=
T = t
tb
+ 273 = 334,83
o
C
1 tb
y : Hm lng hi trung bnh on chng:
1748 , 0
2
02139 , 0 3283 , 0
2
1
=
+
=
+
=
W F
tb
y y
y (phn mol)
33 , 1 =
ytb
(kg/m
3
)
Vy lu lng hi trung bnh trong on chng:
) / ( 96 , 18304
33 , 1
605 , 24345
3
h m
g
V
ytb
tb
tb
= =
'
=

c/ Tnh vn tc hi trung bnh trong on chng:
Tng t trong on luyn ta c: W
tb
= 0,9W
,
S

8
1
4
1
16 , 0
3
2
75 , 1 lg
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
| '
xtb
ytb
y
x
y
x
xtb d
ytb d S
G
G
A
gV
W

o

- Tnh khi lng ring:
i vi pha kh: 33 , 1 = =
tb ytb
(kg/m
3
)
i vi pha lng:
xtb
c tnh theo cng thc sau:

2
1
1
1
1 1
x
tb
x
tb
xtb
a a


+ =
17 , 0
2
02 , 0 32 , 0
2
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
W
tb
a a
a (phn khi lng)
) / ( 17 , 754
) / ( 53 , 743
3
2
3
1
m kg
m kg
x
x
=
=

Vi
2 1
,
x x
: Khi lng ring ca Axeton v ca Metanol nhit trung bnh ca
on chng 61,83
o
C.
Suy ra: ) / ( 34 , 752
3
m kg
xtb
=
- Tnh nht
x n
, :
Tng t trong on luyn ta c:
) / ( 10 * 005 , 1 ) ( 005 , 1
2 3
m Ns cp
n

= =
B tb A tb x
x x lg ) 1 ( lg lg + =
1085 , 0
2
206 , 0 011 , 0
2
=
+
=
+
=
F W
tb
x x
x (phn mol)
B A
, : nht ca Axeton v Metanol nhit 61,83
o
C c tra trong bng I-101
trang 91 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I:
) / ( 10 * 352 , 0
) / ( 10 * 227 , 0
2 3
2 3
m Ns
m Ns
B
A

=
=

) / ( 10 * 335 , 0
2 3
m Ns
x

=
-Tnh lng lng, hi trung bnh G
X
, G
Y
:
) / 179 , 7 ) / ( 605 , 25845
2
38 , 31443 83 , 20247
2
1 1
s kg h kg
G G
G G
tb x
= =
+
=
' +
= ' =
) / ( 76 , 6 ) / ( 605 , 24345 s kg h kg g G
tb y
= = ' =
Do ta tnh c W
,
S
:
16 , 0
3
8
1
4
1
2
lg 75 , 1 lg
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
= '
n
x
xtb d
ytb d
xtb
ytb
y
x
S
gV G
G
A W

076 , 1
) 82 , 0 ( * 34 , 752 * 81 , 9
33 , 1 * 36
lg
34 , 752
33 , 1
76 , 6
179 , 7
75 , 1 125 , 0
16 , 0
3
8
1
4
1
=
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
n
x

538 , 0 lg = '
S
W
) / ( 45 , 3 s m W
S
= '
) / ( 1 , 3 * 9 , 0 s m W W
S tb
= ' =
Nh vy ng knh on chng s l:
) ( 44 , 1
1 , 3 * 3600 * 14 , 3
96 , 18304 * 4
3600
4
m
W
V
D
tb
tb
= = =
t

Ta chn ng knh on chng 1,44 (m)
Vy chn ng knh chung cho thp l 1,5 (m)
II- CHIU CAO THP CHNG LUYN:
Chiu cao thp chng luyn c tnh theo cng thc IX-50 trang168 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tpII
H= N
l
h
t
+ (0.8-1) (m)
(0.8-1): Khong cch cho php nh v y thp.
N
l
: S a l thuyt (s bc thay i nng ).
h
t
: Chiu cao tng ng ca bc thay i nng . N c tnh theo cng thc sau:
x
y
y
x
f
x
y
e
y
x
d
x
y
c
d
b
d
a
y
tb y
td
G
G
m
mG
G
G
G
V
W
k h

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
1
lg

Hoc c th tnh theo cng thc (10-41) c s QT&TBCNHH tp II:
( )
x
y
y
x
x
y
y
x
x
y
td td
G
G
m
mG
G
G
G
d h

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
' =
1
lg
e R 4 . 8 *
038 . 0
19 . 0
342 . 0
2 . 0

1/ I VI ON CHNG:
Ta c:
G
y
= 24315,605 (kg/h) =6,76 (kg/s)
G
x
= 25845,605 (kg/h) =7,179 (kg/s)
W
tb
= 3,1(m/s)
) / ( 34 , 752
3
m kg
x
= , ) / ( 33 , 1
3
m kg
y
=
) / ( 10 * 335 , 0
2 3
m Ns
x

=
y
: c tnh theo cng thc sau:
B
B tb
A
A tb
y
hh
M y M y M

) 1 (
+ =
) / ( 54 , 36 32 * ) 1748 , 0 1 ( 58 * 1748 , 0 ) 1 ( kmol kg M y M y M
B tb A tb hh
= + = + =
B A
, : nht ca cu t Axeton, Metanol 61,83 tra bng I-101 trang 91
) / ( 10 * 352 , 0
) / ( 10 * 227 , 0
2 3
2 3
m Ns
m Ns
B
A

=
=

) / ( 10 * 301 , 0
2 3
m Ns
y

=
m: H s gc ca ng cn bng on chng:
21 , 2 =
A
A
= =

n
x
y
tg m o
) ( 09 , 0
36
82 , 0 * 4 4
m
V
d
d
d
td
= = =
o

1508
10 * 301 , 0 * 82 , 0
33 , 1 * 09 , 0 * 1 , 3
3
= = = '

y d
y td tb
e
V
d W
R

( ) ) ( 79 , 0
179 , 7
76 , 6 * 21 , 2
1
76 , 6 * 21 , 2
179 , 7
lg
335 , 0
301 , 0
33 , 1
34 , 752
197 , 7
76 , 6
1508 4 , 8 * 09 , 0
038 . 0 19 . 0 342 . 0
2 . 0
m h
td
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

Nh vy chiu cao on chng:
H = 4*0,79 = 3,16 (m)
Chn chiu cao on chng l 3,16 (m)
2/ I VI ON LUYN:

) / ( 59 , 5 s kg G
x
=
) / ( 39 , 8 s kg G
y
=
) / ( 659 , 1
) / ( 09 , 753
) / ( 3
3
3
m kg
m kg
s m W
y
x
tb
=
=
=

y
: Ging nh on chng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
B
B tb
A
A tb
y
hh
M y M y M

) 1 (
+ =
) / ( 85 , 44 32 * ) 493 , 0 1 ( 58 * 493 , 0 ) 1 ( kmol kg M y M y M
B tb A tb hh
= + = + =
B A
, : nht ca cu t Axeton, Metanol 57,45
o
C
) / ( 10 * 234 , 0
2 3
m Ns
A

=
) / ( 10 * 375 , 0
2 3
m Ns
B

=
) / ( 10 * 284 , 0
2 3
m Ns
y

=
106 , 0 =
A
A
= =

n
x
y
tg m o
1920
10 * 284 , 0 * 82 , 0
659 , 1 * 09 , 0 * 3
3
= = = '

y d
y td tb
e
V
d W
R

Do :
( ) ) ( 03 , 1
59 , 5
39 , 8 * 06 , 1
1
39 , 8 * 06 , 1
59 , 5
lg
3069 , 0
284 , 0
659 , 1
09 , 753
59 , 5
39 , 8
1920 4 , 8 * 09 , 0
038 . 0 19 . 0 342 . 0
2 . 0
m h
td
=

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

Nh vy chiu cao on luyn:
H= 6*1,03 = 6,19 (m)
Nh vy chiu cao ton thp H = 3,16 + 6,19 + 1 = 10,35 (m)
III- TNH TR LC CA THP:
Khi cht lng chuyn ng t trn xung v cht kh chuyn ng t di ln c th xy
ra 4 ch thy ng lu: ch chy mng; ch chy qu ; ch chy xoy v ch
chy nh tng. Sc cn thy lc ca thp m i vi h hi lng im o pha c
th c xc nh theo cng thc IX -118 trang 189 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II:
) / ( 1
2
m N
G
G
A P P
c
y
x
n
x
y
m
y
x
K U
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ A = A

U
P A : Tn tht p sut khi m t ti im o pha.
K
P A : Tn tht p sut khi m kh.
1- I VI ON LUYN:
Thp m lm vic ch thch hp vi tc pha kh c xc nh theo cng thc
IX-116 trang168:
y
y td y
e
y td
y e
y
d W
R
d
R
W

'
= '
'
= '
) ( 09 , 0
36
82 , 0 * 4 4
) / ( 284 , 0
) / ( 659 , 1
) / ( 3
2
3
m
V
d
m Ns
m kg
s m W
d
d
td
y
y
y
= = =
=
=
= '
o

5 , 1571 = '
e
R
V R
,
e
= 1571,5 > 400 nn
K
P A xc nh theo cng thc IX-121 trang 189 :
3
2 , 0 2 , 1 8 , 0 8 , 1
* * 56 , 1
d
y d y y
K
V
W H
P
o
= A
Vi H = 6,19 m ta c:
35 , 3891
82 , 0
) 10 * 284 , 0 ( * 36 * 659 , 1 * 3 * 19 , 6 * 56 , 1
3
2 , 0 3 2 , 1 8 , 0 8 , 1
= = A

K
P N/m
2
.
xc nh
U
P A , ta cn xc nh cc h s A, m, n,c da vo bng IX-118 trang 189:
Ta c: 5 . 0 001 , 0
284 , 0
3069 , 0
09 , 753
659 , 1
39 , 8
59 , 5
2 . 0 8 . 1
2 . 0 8 . 1
< = |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
y
x
x
y
y
x
G
G

Do : A=8,4; m = 0,405 ; n = 0,225 ; c = 0,015
10900
284 , 0
3069 , 0
09 , 753
659 , 1
39 , 8
59 , 5
4 , 8 1 35 , 3891
015 , 0 225 , 0 405 , 0
=
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ = A
U
P (N/m
2
)
2- I VI ON CHNG:
1 , 3 = '
y
W (m/s)
H=3,16 (m)
G
x
= 7,197(kg/s)
G
y
= 6,76 (kg/s)
) / ( 34 , 752
3
m kg
x
=
) / ( 33 , 1
3
m kg
y
=
) / ( 335 , 0
2
m Ns
x
=
) / ( 301 , 0
2
m Ns
y
=
79 , 1232
10 * 301 , 0
33 , 1 * 09 , 0 * 1 , 3
3
= =
'
= '

y
y td y
e
d W
R

V R
,
e
= 1232,79 > 400 nn
K
P A xc nh theo cng thc IX-121 trang 189:
3
2 , 0 2 , 1 8 , 0 8 , 1
* * 56 , 1
d
y d y y
K
V
W H
P
o
= A

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 , 3178
82 , 0
10 * 301 , 0 36 33 , 1 1 , 3 * 16 , 3 * 56 , 1
3
2 , 0
3 2 , 1 8 , 0 8 , 1
= =

(N/m
2
)
Tng t ta c:

5 . 0 0021 , 0
301 , 0
335 , 0
34 , 752
33 , 1
76 , 6
197 , 7
2 . 0 8 . 1
2 . 0 8 . 1
< = |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
y
x
x
y
y
x
G
G

Do : A=8,4; m = 0,405 ; n = 0,225 ; c = 0,015
6 , 9767
301 , 0
335 , 0
34 , 752
33 , 1
76 , 6
197 , 7
4 , 8 1 2 , 3178
015 , 0 225 , 0 405 , 0
=
(
(

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ = A
U
P (N/m
2
)
Vy tr lc ton thp:
6 , 20667 6 , 9767 10900 = + = A + A = A
Uc Ul U
P P P (N/m
2
)
Tr lc trn 1 n v chiu di m:
2034
35 , 10
6 , 20667
= =
A
H
P
U
(N/m
2
)
C- TNH C KH THIT B CHNH:
I- B DY THN THP:
Thp chng luyn lm vic cch li vi ngun un nng trc tip do c xp vo
thit b loi II, nhm 2.
ng sut cho php ca thp c tnh theo cng thc trang 356 s tay QT&TBCNHH
tp II:
| | ) / (
2
m N
n
b
t
k
k
q
o
o = cng thc (XIII-1)
| | q
o
o
c
t
c
k
n
= (N/m
2
) cng thc (XIII-2)
Vi q = 1,0 h s iu chnh ( bng XIII-2 trang 356 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II)
Chn vt liu thp khng g (k hiu OX21H6M2T) m bo tinh khit sn phm
v hn ch qu trnh n mn.
Theo bng XII-4 trang 313 ta c:
) / ( 10 * 7 , 7
3 3
m kg =
5 , 12 = (W/m)
Theo bng XIII-3: H s an ton bn ca thp khng g (cn, rn, hn) nh sau:
n
k
= 2,6 , n
c
= 1,5
H s bn hn ca thp khng g: hn gip mi mt bn c tm lt: = 0,9 (bng XIII-
8 trang 362)
B dy thn thp hnh tr lm vic chu p sut trong P c tnh theo cng thc sau:
| |
) (
2
m C
P
P D
S
t
+

=
o

Trong D
t
= 1,5 ng knh trong ca thp.
: H s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc: 9 , 0 =
C: H s b sung n mn, bo mn v dung sai b dy. C c tnh theo cng thc sau:
C = C
1
+ C
2
+ C
3

Vt liu bn: C
1
= 1 mm = 10
-3

m
C
2
: i lng b sung do hao mn. i vi thp chng ct C
2
= 0.
C
3
: i lng b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy, C
3
ph thuc vo b dy tm vt liu,
theo bng XIII-9 chn C
3
= 0,22 mm= 0,22*10
-3
m .
C = 1+ 0 + 0,22 = 1,22mm = 1,22*10
-3
m.
Theo bng XII -4 trang 310 ng vi b dy 1 -- 3mm ta c:
) / ( 10 * 700
2 6
m N
k
= o
) / ( 10 * 400
2 6
m N
c
= o
-Tnh ng sut cho php ca thp khng g OX21H6M2T: | | o
| | ) / ( 10 * 23 , 269 1
6 , 2
10 * 700
2 6
6
m N
n
k
k
K
= = = q
o
o

| | ) / ( 10 * 67 , 266 1
5 , 1
10 * 400
2 6
6
m N
n
c
c
c
= = = q
o
o
Vy | | o nhn gi tr nh hn | |
c
o = 266,67*10
6
(N/m
2
)
Xt i lng
| |

o
P
vi P = P
1
+ P
mt

P
1
: p sut thy tnh trong phn di ca thit b:
P
1
= gH
H = 10,35 (m) chiu cao thp.
: khi lng ring ca cht lng trong thp:
) / ( 715 , 752
2
34 , 752 09 , 753
2
3
m kg
xtbC xtbL
xtb
=
+
=
+
= =


) / ( 74946 35 , 10 * 81 , 9 * 715 , 752
2
1
m N P = =
P
mt
: p sut lm vic ca thp: P
mt
= P
kk
=101330(N/m
2
)
) / ( 176276
2
m N P =
| |

o
P
>50 do c th b qua i lng P mu ca cng thc tnh b dy. V vy suy
ra:
| |
) ( 10 * 752 , 1 10 * 22 , 1
9 , 0 * 10 * 67 , 266 * 2
176276 * 5 , 1
2
3 3
6
m C
P D
S
t
= + = + =
o

Ta chn S = 3*10
-3
(m) = 3 (mm)
Kim tra ng sut ca thnh theo p sut th P
o
(dng nc). p sut th c tnh theo
cng thc sau:
P
o
= P
1
+ P
th

P
th
= 1,5 P =1,5*176276 = 264414(N/m
2
)
P
o
= 74946 + 264414 = 339360 (N/m
2
)
Xc nh ng sut th thn thit b theo cng thc sau:
| | | |
) / ( 10 * 769 , 153
9 , 0 * 10 * ) 22 , 1 3 ( 2
339360 * 10 * ) 22 , 1 3 ( 5 , 1
) ( 2
) (
2 6
3
3
m N
C S
P C S D
o t
=

+
=

+
=

o
) / ( 10 * 33 , 333
2 , 1
10 * 400
2 , 1
10 * 769 , 153
2 6
6
6
m N
c
= = < =
o
o
Vy S = 3(mm) tha mn iu kin
II- TNH Y V NP THIT B:
- y v np thit b c ch to cng loi vt liu vi thn thit b
- Dng y v np elp c g i vi thn thp hnh tr thng ng.
C kch thc sau:
D
t
=1,5m
h=0,25m
h
b
= 0,15m
k =1
- y np hn gip mi mt bn c tm lt, hn tay bng h quang in:
= 0,9
| | ) / ( 10 * 400
2 6
m N
c
= o
| | o = 266,67*10
6
(N/m
2
)
P = 176276 (N/m
2
)
P
o
= 339360 (N/m
2
)
Ta xt i lng:
| |
30 5 , 1361 9 , 0 * 1
176276
10 * 67 , 266
6
> = =
o
k
P

Do chiu dy y v np thp tnh theo cng thc sau:
| |
) ( 43 , 2 ) ( 10 * 43 , 2
2
*
8 , 3
3
mm m C
h
D
k
P D
S
b
t t
= = + =

o

Chn S = 3 (mm)
Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th (cng thc XIII- 49 tang 387 s tay QT&TBCNHH
tp II)
| |
) / ( 10 * 68 , 233
) ( 6 , 7
) ( 2
2 6
2
m N
C S h k
P C S h D
b
o b t
=

+
=

o
) / ( 10 * 33 , 333
2 , 1
2 6
m N
c
= <
o
o
Vy S = 3 mm tha mn iu kin.
III- TNH B DY LP CCH NHIT:
- Chn vt liu cch nhit bng bng thy tinh:
0372 , 0 = (W/m)
) / ( 200
3
m kg =
- Thng s thn thp:
5 , 12 = (W/m)
) / ( 10 * 7 , 7
3 3
m kg =
) ( 10 * 3 ) ( 3
3
m mm S

= = = o
- Nhit khng kh: T
2
= 25
o
C
- Nhit trung bnh thp: C
T T
T
o tbL tbC
o
64 , 59
2
45 , 57 83 , 61
2
=
+
=
+
=
- Chp nhn qu trnh truyn nhit trn l qu trnh truyn nhit n nh. Xem nht
truyn t bn trong ra ngoi theo tng phng nhiu lp.
- Chp nhn nhit mt ngoi ca lp cch nhit T
1
= 35
o
C
- Tnh tn tht nhit ra mi trng xung quanh theo cng thc:
2 2
t q A =o (W/m
2
)
2
o : H s cp nhit bng bc x v i lu t b mt lp cch nhit ra mi trng
khng kh, c tnh theo cng thc V-135 trang 41 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II:
2 2
058 , 0 3 , 9 t A + = o (W/m
2
)
C t
o
10 25 35
2
= = A 88 , 9
2
= o (W/m
2
)
) / ( 8 , 98 ) 25 35 ( 88 , 9
2
2 2 2
m W t q = = A = o
- Nhit lng truyn t trong thp ra mt ngoi lp cch nhit:
) / (
1
2
1 1 1
m W t
R
t k q A = A =
V truyn nhit n nh nn q
1
= q
2
= q.
249 , 0
9 . 98
35 64 , 59
2
1
1
1
=

=
A
=
A
=
q
t
q
t
R (m
2
/W)
Mt khc:
cn
cn
th
th
can
r R

o
+ + =
- Theo bng V-1 trang 4 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II ta c:
3
10 * 387 , 0

=
can
r (m
2

/W)
) ( 10 * 18 , 9 037 , 0
5 , 12
10 * 3
10 * 387 , 0 249 , 0
3
3
3
m r R
cn
th
th
can cn

=
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =

o
o
Vy b dy lp cch nhit ) ( 10 * 10 ) ( 10
3
m mm
cn

= = o
IV- TNH NG KNH NG DN:
1- NG KNH NG DN SN PHM NH:
ng knh ng dn c tnh theo cng thc II-36 trang 369 s tay mn
QT&TBCNHH tp 1:
) (
785 . 0
4
m
W
V
W
V
d = =
t

V: Lu lng th tch trung bnh (m
3
/s)
W: Vn tc trung bnh ca lu th (m/s)
Lu lng sn phm nh: g
d
= 34200(kg/h) = 9,5 (kg/s)
Khi lng ring sn phm nh ) / ( 653 , 1
3
m kg
ytb
=
) / ( 74 , 5
653 , 1
5 , 9
3
s m
g
V
ytb
d
= = =

Vn tc dng W chn theo bng II-2 trang 369 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp I:
W=40(m/s)
) ( 427 , 0
40 * 785 , 0
74 , 5
m d = =
Vy chn d = 0,427 (m) =427 (mm)
2- NG KNH NG DN HN HP U:
Tng t ta c: ) (
785 , 0
4
m
W
V
W
V
d = =
t

- Lu lng hn hp u: G
d
= 3000(kg/h) =0.833(kg/s)
- Khi lng ring hn hp u c tnh theo cng thc:
2 1
1 1
x
F
x
F
x
a a


+ =
a
F
= 0,4 ( phn khi lng)
2 1
,
x x
: Khi lng ring ca Axeton v Metanol nhit T
F
= 59,36
o
c
) / ( 704 , 746
3 36 , 59
1
m kg
x
=
) / ( 576 , 756
3 36 , 59
2
m kg
x
=
Tra bng I-2 trang 9 stay QT&TBCNHH tp I bng phng php ni suy:
) / ( 38 , 753
3
m kg
x
=
) / ( 10 * 52 , 5
38 , 753
16 , 4
3 . 3
s m
G
V
x
d
= = =

Chn W = 0,2 (m/s) theo bng II-2 trang 369
) ( 187 , 0
2 , 0 * 785 , 0
10 * 52 , 5
3
m d = =


Vy chn d = 200 (mm)
3- NG KNH NG DN SN PHM Y:
) (
785 , 0
4
m
W
V
W
V
d = =
t

- Chn W = 0,2 (m/s)
- Lu lng sn phm y: G
W
= 1833(kg/h) = 0,51 (kg/s)

- Khi lng ring sn phm y tnh theo cng thc sau:
2 1
1 1
x
W
x
W
x
a a


+ =
a
W
= 0,05 (phn khi lng)
2 1
,
x x
: Khi lng ring ca Axeton v Metanol nhit T
W
= 64,303
o
c
) / ( 19 , 740
3 303 , 64
1
m kg
x
=
) / ( 69 , 751
3 303 , 64
2
m kg
x
=
Tra bng I-2 trang 9 stay QT&TBCNHH tp I bng phng php ni suy:
) / ( 45 , 751
3
m kg
x
=
) / ( 10 * 665 , 0
45 , 751
5 , 2
3 3
s m
G
V
x
W
= = =

) ( 065 , 0
2 , 0 * 785 , 0
10 * 665 , 0
3
m d = =


Vy d = 65 (mm) .
4- NG KNH NG HI LU:
) (
785 , 0
4
m
W
V
W
V
d = =
t

- Lu lng hi lu: G
Rx
= G
P
R
x
= 1167*4,7 = 28200(kg/h) = 7,83 (kg/s)
- Khi lng ring sn phm hi lu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2 1
1 1
x
P
x
P
x
a a


+ =
a
P
= 0,77 ( phn khi lng)
2 1
,
x x
: Khi lng ring ca Axeton v Metanol nhit T
P
= 55,54
o
C
) / ( 906 , 750
3 54 , 55
1
m kg
x
=
) / ( 014 , 760
3 54 , 55
2
m kg
x
=
Tra bng I-2 trang 9 stay QT&TBCNHH tp I bng phng php ni suy:
) / ( 98 , 752
3
m kg
x
=
) / ( 10 * 39 , 10
98 , 752
83 , 7
3 3
s m
G
V
x
Rx
= = =

) ( 257 , 0
2 , 0 * 785 , 0
10 * 39 , 10
3
m d = =


Vy chn d= 250 (mm
V- KCH THC A PHN PHI V LI M:
Theo bng I X -22 trang 230 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp 2, vi ng knh trong ca
thp chng luyn D
t
= 1,5 (m) = 1500 (mm) ta c kch thc sau:
- ng knh a: D
d
= 750(m)
- ng dn cht lng: d
x
s = 44,5
x
2,5 (mm); t = 70 ; s lng ng dn loi 1: 91 ng;
chiu dy a loi 1 lm cng vt liu vi thn thp ( thp OX21H6M2T) l 4 (mm)
- Li m: D
L
= 1165 (mm); chiu rng ca bc li b = 41,5 (mm)
VI - MT BCH:
Thp lm vic p sut kh quyn nn tt nht tra bch lin.
1- BCH NI THIT B:
Da vo bng XII- 27 trang 422 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II , chn bch kiu 4 ni
cc on ca thn thp , ni thn vi y v np . m bo tnh an ton khi gp nhng
trng hp bt thng, ta chn p sut P
y
= P
o
= 339360 (N/m
2
)
Vi D
t
= 1500 mm, ta c cc kch thc ca bch nh sau:
D
t
= 1500 mm
D = 1640 mm
D
b
= 1590 mm
D
1
= 1560 mm
D
o
= 1513 mm
Bulng M20, 25 ci
h = 25 mm
h
1
= 4mm
2- BCH NI THIT B VI NG DN:
Chn bch kiu 1 theo bng XIII- 26 trang 416 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II ta c kt
qu sau:

D
y
D
n
Kch thc ni Bu long H
D D D1 d
b
Ci
427(400) 426 535 495 465 M20 16 28
187(200) 219 290 255 232 M16 8 22
65(70) 76 160 130 110 M12 4 16
250 273 370 335 312 M16 12 24


VII- CA NI THIT B VI NG:
ng dn ni vi thit b thng qua mi ghp tho c hoc khng tho c. i vi
mi ghp tho c, lm on ng ni, l on ng ngn c mt bch hay gen ni
ng. Loai mt bch thng dng ni vi ng c D
y
> 10 mm; loi gen thng ni vi ng c
D
y
< 10 mm. Chiu di on ng ni xc nh theo bng XIII- 32 trang 421 nh sau:
ng knh ng (mm) Chiu di on ng ni (mm)
400 150
200 130
70 110
250 140
VIII - CHN V TAI TREO THIT B:
1 - KHI LNG TON THP:
a- khi lng thn thp:
Thn thp lm bng thp OX21H6M2T c khi lng ring l 7700 (kg/m
3
) gm c
thn thn thp, phn g d ca y v np thp:
- V thp c b dy 3 mm; D
t
= 1500 mm; D
n
= 1506 mm; chiu cao H = 10,35 m:
Do khi lng ton thn thp:
( ) ) ( 6 , 1101 ) 5 , 1 506 , 1 (
4
35 , 10 *
7700
4
2 2 2 2
1
kg D D
H
M
t n
= = =
t t

- Phn g d ca y v np :
H
2
= 2h =2*25 = 50 (mm) = 0,05(m)
Suy ra khi lng phn g d:
) ( 45 , 5 ) 5 , 1 506 , 1 (
4
2 2 2 '
1
kg
H
M = =
t

b- Khi lng y v np thp: v b dy 3mm; g 25mm c cho trong bng XIII-
11 trang 384 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II:
M
2
= 64,2*1,01*2=129,6(kg)
c- Khi lng lp cch nhit:
) (
4
2 2
3 3 t n
D D
H
M =
t

Vi
cn
o = 10mm; suy ra: D
n
= 1,526 mm; D
t
= 1,506 mm
) ( 7 , 96 ) 506 , 1 526 , 1 (
4
14 , 3 * 35 , 10
200
2 2
3
kg M = =
d - Khi lng cht lng trong thp:
thun li cho vic tnh ton, ngi ta chp nhn cht lng chim ton b thp b qua
phn chim ca m vi khi lng ring ca lng ln nht: ) / ( 893
3
max
m kg = .
Vy khi lng lng l:
) ( 9 , 16024
4
5 , 1 * 14 , 3 * 35 , 10
893
4
2
2
max 4
kg
D H
M
t
= = =
t

e - Tng khi lng bch:
( ) | | ( ) | | ) ( 8 , 414 025 , 0 * 2 003 , 0 * 2 5 , 1 64 , 1
4
7700 * 8 2 2
4
2 2 2 2
5
kg h S D D n M
t
= = =
t t

Vi: n = 8(s bch); D = 1640 mm ; D
t
= 1,5m ;S = 0,003 m ; h= 25 mm = 0,025m
f- Khi lng m :
Mt cch gn ng xem m y thp vi chiu cao H = 9,35 m.
Khi lng ring m: ) / ( 560
3
m kg
d
=
Suy ra khi lng m: ) ( 9060 5 , 1 * 35 , 9
4
14 , 3
560
4
2 2
6
kg HD M
t d
= = =
t

Ti trng ca ton thp:
M = M
1
+ M
2
+ M
3
+ M
4
+ M
5
+ M
6
=26827,6 (kg)
2- CHN V TAI TREO:
Ngi ta khng t trc tip thit b ln b m cn phi c tai treo hay chn . Dng 4
chn , ti trng thc t trn mi chn :
) ( 68 , 65794
4
N
G
G
thap
tt
= =
Vi ) ( 75 , 263178 6 , 26827 * 81 , 9 * N g M G
thap
= = =
Da vo bng XIII -35 trang 437 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II, vi ) ( 10
4
N G
tt
> , chn
chn c kch thc sau:
Ti trng cho L B B
1
B
2
H h S l d
Php mm
0,84 (N/m
2
) 300 240 260 370 450 226 18 100 34
-Tai treo: tai treo thit b thit k da vo bng XIII- 36 trang 438 s tay QT&TBCNHH
tp II :
l = 100mm
L = 230mm
B =200 mm
B
1
= 45 mm
H = 350 mm
S = 12 mm
a = 25 mm
d = 34 mm
Chn v tai treo lm bng vt liu thp CT3, khi lng 1 tai treo 13,2 (kg)
D-TNH THIT B PH
I - TNH THIT B UN NNG HN HP U:
i vi qu trnh chng luyn, nng cao hiu qu lm vic th hn hp u thng
a vo thp trng thi long si (xt n nh hng ca trng thi nhit ng) nhm to ra
s tip xc tt gia 2 pha lng - hi. iu ny c thc hin nh thit b un si hn hp
u.
Da trn cc tiu chun kinh t, k thut ta chn thit b un nng kiu ng chm. Tc
nhn un nng l hi nc bo ha v n c h s cp nhit ln v n nhit ngng t cao.
1 - DIN BIN QU TRNH:
Lu lng hn hp u: F = 3000 (kg/h)
T

T1d

Thnh phn khi lng: a
F
= 0,32 (phn khi lng)
Thnh phn mol: x
F
= 0,268
Hi nc bo ha: 100
o
C ( hi ) 100
o
C (lng) ,p sut P= 1,033 at.
Hn hp u: 25
0
C (lng ngui) 59,36
0
C (lng si)
Hiu s nhit gia cht tinhit v lu th:
C T
o
75 25 100
1
= = A
C T
o
64 , 40 36 , 59 100
2
= = A
Hiu s nhit trung bnh tnh theo hiu s nhit
trung bnh logarit:
C
T
T
T T
T
o
tb
14 , 56
64 , 40
75
lg 3 , 2
64 , 40 75
lg 3 , 2
2
1
2 1
=

=
A
A
A A
= A
3- TNH CC H S CP NHIT:
a- H s cp nhit ca hi nc ngng t bn ngoi thnh ng :
1
o
25 ,. 0
1
1
04 , 2
|
|
.
|

\
|
A
=
T H
r
A o
Theo cng thc 7-64 trang 231 c s QT&TBCNHH tp 2.
r: n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ha 100
o
C: r = 2260*10
3
J/kg theo bng
I-200 trang 312 s tay QT&TBNCNHH tp I.
H: chiu cao ng: chn H = 1m
1
T A : Hiu s nhit gia nc ngng v thnh ng, chn
1
T A = 1,7
o
C
A: H s ph thuc vo nhit T
m__
:
Vi: C
T T
T
o T tb
m
15 , 99
2
) 7 , 1 100 ( 100
2
=
+
=
+
=
T

100
o
C

T1c

Tra bng trang 29 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II ta c A = 178,575
88 , 12369
7 , 1 * 1
10 * 2260
575 , 178 * 04 , 2
25 , 0
3
1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= o (W/m
2
)
) / ( 796 , 21028 7 , 1 * 88 , 12369
2
1 1 1
m W T q = = A = o
b- Tnh h s cp nhit cho hn hp:
2
o
d
N
u

o =
2

: H s dn nhit ca hn hp T
tb
= 42,18
o
C , c tnh theo cng thc sau:
( )
2 1
1
F F
a a + = Vi a
F
= 0,32 (phn khi lng)
2 1
, : h s dn nhit ca Axeton v Axit Metanol 42,18
o
C:
165 , 0
18 , 42
1
= (W/m)
2077 , 0
18 , 42
2
= (W/m)
194 , 0 = (W/m)
Chn ng knh ng d = 0,03m =30mm
Chun s N
u
c tnh theo cng thc V-40 trang 14 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II trong
trng hp cp nhit khi dng chy xoy trong ng:
25 , 0
43 , 0 8 , 0
1
021 , 0
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
rt
r
r e u
P
p
P R N c
1
c : H s hiu chnh tnh n nh hng ca t s gia chiu di v ng knh ng.
Vi R
e
= 10
4
, theo bng V-2 trang15 ta c:
056 , 1 33 , 33
03 , 0
1
1
= = = c
d
l

V chnh lch nhit gia thnh ng v dng nh nn 1
25 , 0
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
rt
r
P
P

Chun s Prant c xc nh theo cng thc V-35 trang 12 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp 2

C
P
r
=
C: nhit dung ring ca hn hp u 42,18
o
C:
C = a
F
C
1
+ (1-a
F
)C
2

C
1
, C
2
: Nhit dung ring ca Axeton v Metanol 42,18
o
C:
C
1
= 2247,085(J/kg)
C
2
= 2570,81 (J/kg)
a
F
= 0,32 (phn khi lng)
218 , 2467 = C (J/kg)
: nht ca hn hp 42,18
o
C:

B F A F
x x lg ) 1 ( lg lg + =
Vi: x
F
= 0,268 (phn mol)
) / ( 10 * 263 , 0
2 3 18 , 42
m Ns
A

=
) / ( 10 * 445 , 0
2 3 18 , 42
m Ns
B

=
) / ( 10 * 3997 , 0
2 3
m Ns

=
Do : 083 , 5
194 , 0
10 * 3997 , 0 * 218 , 2467
3
= = =

C
P
r

( ) 7 , 70 1 * ) 083 , 5 ( 10 056 , 1 * 021 , 0
43 , 0
8 , 0
4
= =
u
N
Vy: 19 , 457
03 , 0
194 , 0 * 7 , 70
2
= = =
d
N
u

o (W/m
2
)
- Tm
2
T A :
tb
T T T = A
2 2

M:
T hn
T T T A =
2

Ta c chnh lch nhit tng:
1
rq T
T
E = A
Trong :
3 2 1
r r r r + + = E
r
1
: Nhit tr ca cht hu c: r
1
= 0,116*10
-3
(m
2
/W)
r
2
: Nhit tr thp c b dy mm m 3 003 , 0 = = o ; 5 , 12 = (W/m)

3
2
10 * 24 , 0
5 , 12
003 , 0

= = =

o
r (m
2
/W)
r
3
: Nhit tr ca nc: r
3
= 0,3*10
-3
(m
2
/W)
3
10 * 656 , 0

= E r (m
2
/W)
C T
o
T
37 , 12 10 * 656 , 0 * 98 , 18867
3
= = A


C T
o
45 , 45
2
= A
) / ( 28 , 20779 45 , 45 * 19 , 457
2
2 2 2
m W T q = = A = o
Kim tra li:
% 5 % 12 , 1 % 100
82 , 20779
28 , 20779 796 , 21028
% 100
2
2 1
< =

q
q q

Vy gi thit C T
o
7 , 1
1
= A tha mn.
) / ( 038 , 20904
2
2 2 1
m W
q q
q
tb
=
+
=
3- TNH B MT TRUYN NHIT:
tb
q
Q
F =
Q: chnh l lng nhit do hi nc bo ha cp cho hn hp u n tng nhit t
25
0
C n 80,4
0
C:
T C G Q
F
A =
C = 2467,218 (J/kg)
G
F
= 3000
C T
o
36 , 34 25 36 , 59 = = A
) / ( 3 , 353223 s J Q =
Vy b mt truyn nhit:
) ( 89 , 16
038 , 20904
3 , 353223
2
m
q
Q
F
tb
= = =
S ng trao i nhit:
179
1 * 03 , 0 * 14 , 3
89 , 16
= = =
dH
F
n
t
(ng) ~187 (ng)
ng c xp theo hnh 6 cnh, s hnh 6 cnh l: 7, s ng trn ng xuyn tm ca
hnh 6 cnh l 15, tng s ng khng k cc ng trong cc hnh phin phn l 169, tng s ng
trong tt c cc phin phn l 18, tng s ng ca thit b l 187.
II - TNH V CHN BM:
vn chuyn hn hp u t b cha ln thng cao v, ta phi s dng bm thy lc.
Trong iu kin lm vic vi yu cu k thut v yu cu nng sut vn chuyn hn hp
u ta nn chn bm ly tm v n c nhng u im sau:
- Vn chuyn cht lng lin tc v u n.
- C s vng quay ln, c th truyn ng trc tip t ng c in
- C th bm c nhng cht lng bn
- Khng c suppape nn t b tc v h hng

1- TNH NNG SUT BM:

Hn hp u c lu lng G
F
= 3000(kg/h) ng vi nng sut ca bm l:

F
G
Q =
: khi lng ring ca hn hp u 25
o
C, c tnh theo cng thc:
25 25
1 1
B
F
A
F
a a


+ =
a
F
= 0,32 (phn khi lng)
25 25
,
B A
: khi lng ring ca Axeton v Metanol 25
o
C , tra bng I-12 trang 9 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tp I:
) / ( 25 , 785
3 25
m kg
A
=
) / ( 5 , 787
3 25
m kg
B
=
) / ( 77 , 786
3
m kg =
Vy nng sut ca bm l: ) / ( 10 * 29 , 5 ) / ( 06 , 19
77 , 786
15000
3 3 3
s m h m Q

= = =
- ng knh ng ca bm: tnh theo cng thc II - 36 trang 369 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tp II:
W
V
d
785 , 0
=
W: Vn tc ca cht lng trong ng, theo bng II-2 trang 369, ta chn W =1.5m/s
Do : ) ( 52 ) ( 052 , 0
5 , 1 * 785 , 0
10 * 29 , 5
3
mm m d = = =



2- TNH P SUT TON PHN CA BM:

p sut ton phn ca bm c tnh theo h thng cng thc II- 53 trang 376 s tay
QT&TBCNHH tp I:
k H C m d
P P P P P P A + A + A + A + A = A
d
P A : p sut ng lc
m
P A : p sut khc phc lc ma st khi dng chy n nh trong ng thng
C
P A : p sut do tr lc cc b
H
P A : p sut nng cht lng ln cao
k
P A : p sut b sung khi cn thit
a - Tnh
d
P A :
Theo cng thc II -54:
2
2
W
P
d
= A
Vi ) / ( 77 , 786
3
m kg = : khi lng ring ca hn hp u 25
o
C
W: vn tc cht lng, theo trn W= 1,5 (m/s)
) (N/m 12 , 885
2
5 , 1
77 , 786
2
2
= = A
d
P
b - Tnh
m
P A :
Theo cng thc II-55:
d m
P
d
L
A = AP
Vi L: chiu di ng dn: chn L = 12m
d: ng knh ng tng ng: d =0,052 m= 52mm
: H s ma st ph thuc vo nhn ca thnh ng v ch ca cht lng, ph
thuc vo R
e
:

Wd
R
e
=
: nht ca hn hp u 25
o
C, tnh theo cng thc:

B F A F
x x lg ) 1 ( lg lg + =
x
F
=0,206 (phn mol)
) / ( 10 * 357 , 0
2 3 25
m Ns
A

=
) / ( 10 * 567 , 0
2 3 25
m Ns
B

=
) / ( 10 * 515 , 0
2 3
m Ns

=
119161
10 * 515 , 0
77 , 786 * 052 , 0 * 5 , 1
3
= =

e
R
- Tnh R
egh
:
7
8
6
|
.
|

\
|
=
c
d
R
egh

Vi c : nhm tuyt i , tra bng II - 15 trang 381 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II vi
iu kin ng mi, khng hn: ) ( 10 * 08 , 0 ) ( 08 , 0
3
m mm

= = c
9838 =
egh
R
- Tnh R
en
:
321329 220
8
9
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
c
d
R
en

en e egh
R R R < < do h s ma st c tnh theo cng thc sau:
55 , 0
100
46 , 1 1 , 0
25 ,. 0
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
e
R
d
c

) / ( 15 , 112342 12 , 885
052 , 0
12
55 , 0
2
m Ns P
m
= = A
c - Tnh tn tht p sut do tr lc cc b:
Theo cng thc II- 56 trang 377:
2 2
2 2
W
d
L W
P
td
td
C
= = A
: h s tr lc cc b ca h thng ng gm: 2 on ng di 1m; 1 on ng di 10m;
hai khuu ghp vung gc c h s tr lc
1
; mt van chn trc ng y c h s tr lc
2
; mt van mt chiu c h s tr lc
3
; u vo thng cao v c h s tr lc
4
.
-Tnh
1
: khuu ghp vung gc, theo bng II -16 N
0
29 trang 394 chn t s:
6 , 0 =
b
a
58 , 0
1
=
-Tnh
2
:
Chn van tiu chun, theo bng II-16 N
0
37 trang 397 tac:
535 , 7
20
9 , 4 8
3 8
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
- Tnh
3
:
Van mt chiu kiu c a khng nh hng pha di vi cc thng s sau:
h: chiu cao h ca van; b: chiu rng vnh a: chn h = b = 2,44*10
-3
m
D
o
: ng knh ng dn trc van (D
o
= 0,052m)
W
o
: tc dng ti mt ct trc van
Ta c: 047 , 0
052 , 0
10 * 44 , 2
3
= =

o
D
b

Theo bng N
0
47; N
0
48, xc nh | o, nh sau:
574 , 0
1 , 0 12 , 0
55 , 0 63 , 0
006 , 0 55 , 0 =

+ = o
09 , 14
1 , 0 12 , 0
8 , 10 5 , 15
006 , 0 5 , 15 =

= |
664 , 14 574 , 0 09 , 14
3
= + = + = | o
- Tnh
4
:
Chn 1 , 0 ; 05 , 0 = =
td td
d
b
d
o

Theo bng II -16N
0
8 trang 384 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II:
5 , 0
4
=
Vy tng tr lc cc b ca h thng ng dn:
279 , 23
4 3 2 1
= + + + =
) / ( 7 , 20604 12 , 885 * 279 , 23
2
m N P P
d C
= = A = A
d - Tnh p sut nng cht lng ln cao
H
P A :
Theo cng thc II -57 trang 377 s tay QT&TBCNHH tp II:
gH P
H
= A
H: chiu cao nng cht lng hoc ct cht lng: H =10 m
) / ( 13 , 77182 10 * 77 , 786 * 81 , 9
2
m N P
H
= = A
p sut ton phn do bm to ra :
) / ( 211014
2
m N P P P P P
H C m d
= A + A + A + A = A
3- CNG SUT CA BM V CA NG C IN:
Chiu cao ton phn H ca bm to ra:
) ( 3 , 27
77 , 786 * 81 , 9
211014
m
g
p
H = =
A
=

- Cng sut yu cu trn trc ca bm c tnh theo cng thc II -189 trang 439 s
tay QT&TBCNHH tp I:
q

1000
gH Q
N =
q: Hiu sut ca bm: chn 85 , 0 = q
Q = 5,29*10
-3
(m
3
/s)
) ( 146 , 0
85 , 0 * 1000
3 , 27 * 77 , 786 * 81 , 9 * 10 * 29 , 5
3
kW N = =


- Cng sut ca ng c in: tnh theo cng thc:
dc td
dc
N
N
q q
=
tr
q : Hiu sut truyn ng:
tr
q = 0,95
dc
q : Hiu sut ng c: 75 , 0 =
dc
q
) ( 205 , 0
75 , 0 * 95 , 0
146 , 0
KW N
dc
= =
Thng thng chn ng c in c cng sut thc t ln hn cng sut tnh ton.

dc
tt
dc
N N | =
| : H s d tr cng sut:
Theo bng II-33 trang 439 vi N
dc
= 0,205 <1 ta chn 5 , 1 = |
) ( 3075 , 0 205 , 0 * 5 , 1 KW N
tt
dc
= =
Vy cng sut bm: N= 0,146 (KW)
Cng sut ng c: N
dc
= 0,3075 (KW)









PHN III KT LUN
Qua mt thi gian nguyn cu, tnh ton vi s n lc ca bn thn v s gip tn
tnh ca thy L Nht Thng, n nay, em c bn hon thnh n mn hc c giao
vi ti chng ct lin tc hn hp Axeton - Metanol bng thp m. Em c mt s
nhn xt v qu trnh tnh ton nh sau:
- Kt qu tnh ton c sai s bi s dng cc phng php ni suy ngoi suy
- Ch yu tnh ton k thut cha cp n vn tnh ton kinh t. Do nu
hoch ton kinh t th gi thnh thit b s t so vi th trng.
- Trong bn v, t l gia chiu cao v ng knh ln nn nu v ng t l th hnh
v khng cn i. V vy trong bn v, ta s dng phng php v rt ngn chiu cao ti
mt s b phn nhng vn m bo tnh chi tit ca mt bn v k thut.
Do ti liu tham kho v thi gian nghin cu c hn, hn na y l n mn hc u
tin, nn qu trnh tnh ton chc khng trnh nhng sai st. V vy mong cc thy c gp
n c hon thin. Em xin chn thnh cm n.












TI LIU THAM KHO

1. S tay qu trnh & thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1.
2. S tay qu trnh & thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2.
3. C s cc qu trnh & thit b cng ngh ha cht & thc phm tp1, 3, 4.
4. Tnh ton qu trnh & thit b trong cng ngh ha cht v thc phm tp 1, 2.
5. C s thit k my ha cht.

Chuyn i n v thng gp:
1 N = 1kg.m/s
2

1 Nm = 1J = 1Ws
1 Cal = 4,1868 J
1 Ns/m
2
= 10P = 1000 cP
1 at = 9,81.10
4
= 735,5 mmHg = 1 kp/cm
2