272CHAPTER 12.

STRESS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF LINEAR ELASTIC BARS IN TORSION

a a

z uz

uy

Figure 12.8: In polar coordinates, we assume ur = 0 and ux = 0. These last two kinematic assumptions are equivalent to saying that the diameter of the bar does not change and the bar does not change length during twisting, which is consistent with experimental observation. Finally, from geometry (see Figure 12.6), the circumferential displacement of a point is proportional to the angle of twist and its radial position r so that u = r. While we could use either Cartesian components or polar components of displacement, it should be clear that the polar components would be easier to work with. These are summarized below:

ur = 0, Strains (Kinematics)

ux = 0,

u = r

(12.1)

With these kinematic displacement assumptions, the strains may now be evaluated. In order to determine the strain in polar coordinates, consider the experiment referred to above. If one rolls out the curved surface of the bar into a at surface, we have the following (for a length of the bar between x and x + x): In the x- plane, the angle represents the change in right angle for one of the original squares and will dene the strain x (or engineering shear strain, x . We can write the following for the engineering shear strain: u |x+x u |x x u |x+x u |x u = x x

x = = tan1

(12.2)

But the displacement is given by: u = r so that x

x = r and

(12.3)

x =

1 1 x = r 2 2 x

(12.4)