276CHAPTER 12.

STRESS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF LINEAR ELASTIC BARS IN TORSION

y z D J=
D 32
4

Do Di

J=

4 D 4 (Do i)

32

Figure 12.11:

Mt r (12.13) J Note that the shear stress varies directly with the radial position r; hence, the shear stress is a maximum at the outside surface of the bar. Note that for a problem such as that shown in Figure 12.4, Mt and J may both vary with x. Hence, the location of maximum shear stress along the length tr at all likely maximum locations and of the bar can be determined by computing the value of M J thus determining the location of the maximum shear stress. In order to determine the angle of twist (x), we must integrate equation (12.12). Assume that we know the value of the angle of twist at some point x0 is given by 0 and that we know the internal torque distribution Mt (x) over the length of the bar. For example, the internal torque diagram for the bar in Figure 12.4 will have a torque diagram given by: x =

Mt
500 in-lb 12 -500 in-lb 22 29

1,000 in-lb

37

47

x (in)

Figure 12.12: Internal Torque Diagram for Bar in Figure 12.3 The determination of the internal torque diagram is easily accomplished with free-body diagrams and will be demonstrated in examples below. With the internal torque diagram, we can then integrate equation (12.12) between two points on the bar, say x0 and x1 to obtain
x1

(x1 ) = (x0 ) +
x0

Mt dx JG

(12.14)

Note that Mt = Mt (x) and that one must know 0 at x0 (as a boundary condition ) in order do determine 1 at x1 . It is useful to consider a special case when the torque Mt does not vary with x, as is the case of the bar shown in Figure 12.5. In this case, Mt = constant. For a bar of length L (L = x1 x0 ) and constant JG, equation (??) reduces to: