12.2.

THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR TORSION OF A BAR

271

Figure 12.6: Circular Bar Twisted by End Torques not confuse the present use of as a cylindrical coordinate measurement with that in a normal cylindrical (or polar) coordinate system as has been previously used.
y 0 Mt z a
line 0a moves to 0 a

uz uy a z

y a a

u r

y a

a x Mt x

Cartesian

Polar (r in y z plane)

Figure 12.7: Displacement Kinematics of Twisted Bar Displacement Assumptions Based on the physical observation discussed earlier, we postulate the following displacements. Since we saw no motion in the x direction, then ux = 0. For small angular rotations, we can relate the motion in the Cartesian y -z plane, i.e., uy and uz , through geometry to the angle of twist and write uy = z and uz = y . These kinematic relations are obtained from the uy z approximations: tan = u y and tan = z . The negative in uy is because uy is negative (down) for positive ( follows the right-had rule as is CCW as viewed in Figure 12.6). These kinematic assumptions are reasonable if is not too large. We note that the angle of twist is a function of x so that = (x).