CHAPTER 2

LEARNING CONTENT 1. Cells 2. Unicellular organism and multicellular organism

3. Cells, Tissue, organs and System

Structure of Animal and Plant Cell

Draw and label the structure of these cell : ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

MEMBRANE CELL CELL WALL NUCLEUS VACUOLE CHLOROPLAST CYTOPLASMA

Function of Cell structures

Part of cell
Nucleus
Cytoplsm Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast Vacuole

Function
Controls all activities of the cell
Stores dissolved material Protects the cell and maintain the shape of the cell Protects the cell and control the flow of dissolved material in and out of the cell Contains chlorophyll for the process of photosynthesis Contains cell sap made up of dissolved minerals

Comparison of animal cells and plant cells

Similarities :
1. Has protoplasm (cytoplasm and nucleus) 2. Has cell membrane 3. Able to carry out life activities

Differences :
Animal cell
Shape Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast Food reserves Not fixed Absent Absent Absent Glycogen

Plant cell
Fixed Present Present Present Starch - KANJI

Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms

Unicellular Organisms Living things that have only one cell Body size is very small can only seen under microscope Usually live in water

Unicellular organisms

Unicellular animals o Amoeba o Paramecium

Unicellular plants o Yeast o Euglena o Chlamydomonas

Multicellular organisms
Living things with many cells Each cell has different structure

Multicellular organisms

Multicellular animals o Fish o Rabbit o Hydra

Multicellular plants o Spirogyra o Mucor o Fern

Cell Organisation
The human body is organised in the following way

CELL

TISSUE

ORGAN

SYSTEM

HUMAN

SEL
1. Sel menjalankan tugas yang khusus tetapi mempunyai persamaan 2. Setiap jenis sel menjalankan fungsi yang khusus 3. Sel yang berbeza mempunyai struktur yang berbeza
Contoh :

TISU
1. Sekumpulan sel yang sama berkumpul untuk menjalankan fungsi yang sama 2. Contoh : tisu otot terdiri daripada sel-sel otot. 3. Terdapat pelbagai jenis tisu. Contoh : Tisu penghubung Tisu otot

Tisu saraf

ORGAN
1. Tisu-tisu berlainan berkumpul untuk menjalankan fungsi tertentu disebut organ 2. Terdiri daripada dua atau lebih jenis tisu 3. Contoh : Telinga Otak

Peparu
Perut

SISTEM
1. Beberapa jenis organ bekerjasama menjalankan fungsi tertentu dinamakan SISTEM 2. Contoh : Sistem pencernaan Sistem pembiakan Sistem perkumuhan

Badan manusia mengandungi 206 tulang

ORGAN YANG MEMBENTUK SISTEM Sistem Otot Rangka Pencernaan Respirasi Peredaran darah Organ dalam sistem Semua jenis otot dan tendon Tulang, rawan, sendi dan ligamen Mulut, esofagus, perut, penkreas, usus dan hati Hidung, trakea, peparu, bronkus, bronkiol dan alveolus