Q

Calculate minimum volume of air required(both on KG basis and mole basis) to burn 1 KG of coal hav C-82 % H- 4% N-1% O- 5% S-1% M-2% A-5%

Solution: Combustion equationsC+O2=CO2 12 KG of C combines with 32 Kg of O2 to give 44 KG of CO2 1 mole of C combines with 1 mole of O2 to give 1 mole of CO2 2H2+O2=2H2O 4 KG of H2 combines with 32 Kg of O2 to give 36 KG of H2O 2 mole of H2 combines with 1 mole of O2 to give 2 mole of H2O S+O2=SO2 32 KG of S combines with 32 Kg of O2 to give 64 KG of SO2 1 mole of S combines with 1 mole of O2 to give 1 mole of SO2 Note: other molecules apart from these three does not take part in combustion.

Theoritical O2 required for combustion of thefuel-

Kmole basis

%Composition (by Molecular weight in weight weight) KG C-82 % 0.82 12 H- 4% 0.04 2 N-1% 0.01 28 O- 5% 0.05 32 S-1% 0.01 32 M-2% 0.02 18 A-5% 0.05 Tola O2 required for the combustion of th given fuel O2 already present in the fuel is Net O2 required for combustion is

Kmole 0.068333 0.020000 0.000357 0.001563 0.000313 0.001111

0.21 Kmloe of O2 is present in 1 Kmole of air Thus to supply 0.077083 kmole of O2 requirement of air will be= 1 Kmole = 22.4 m3 thus, 0.367063 Kmole=

8.2 m3

Kg basis %Composition (by O2 required to burn 1 KG(from weight) weight in Kg combustion equations) C-82 % 0.82 32/12 H- 4% 0.04 32/4 N-1% 0.01 0 O- 5% 0.05 NA S-1% 0.01 32/32 M-2% 0.02 0 A-5% 0.05 0 Tola O2 required for the combustion of th given fuel O2 already present in the fuel is Net O2 required for combustion is 0.232 KG of O2 is present in 1 Kg of air Thus to supply 2.467 KG of O2 requirement of air will be=

ole basis) to burn 1 KG of coal having the following composition by weight

combustion.

O2 required for combustion in Kmole 0.068333 0.01 0 0 0.000313 0 0 0.078646 Kmole 0.001563 Kmole 0.077083 Kmole

0.367063 Kmole

O2 required for combustion in Kg 2.186667 0.32 0 0 0.01 0 0 2.52 Kg 0.05 Kg 2.467 Kg

10.63218 KG

Calculate % volumetric composition of flue gas we and dry basis C-82 % H- 4% N-1% O- 5% S-1% M-2% A-5%

Solution Method I- By determining weight Step I

Composition C-82 % H- 4% N-1% O- 5% S-1% M-2% A-5%

Weight/Kg 0.82 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.05

Flue gas CO2 H2O N2 SO2 H2O

Wt of flue gas in KG with the help of combustion equations Volume of flue gas in M 3.006667 0.38 8.175517 0.02

Total volume of flue gas wet Volume of flue gas on dry basis Method II- By determing Kmole Wt of flue gas in Weight of Kmole with the help composition in of combustion Kmole equations 0.068333333 0.068333 0.02 0.021111 0.000357143 0.290337 0.0015625 0 0.015625 0.03125 0.001111111 0

Composition C-82 % H- 4% N-1% O- 5% S-1% M-2% A-5%

Weight of composition in Kg 0.82 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.05

Volume in m3

Total volume of flue gas wet

Volume of flue gas on dry basis

Step II

Volume of flue gas in M3 1.53066667 0.47288889 6.54041379 0.007

% Volume Wet basis 17.9005 5.530237 76.4874 0 0.081862

% Volume Dry 18.9484 80.96495 0 0.086654

8.551 m3 8.078 m3

Volume in m3 0.06833 0.02111 0.29034 0.00000 0.03125 0

% Volume % Volume Wet basis Dry 16.62 17.52 5.14 70.64 74.46 0.00 0.00 7.60 8.01

0.411 m3

0.390 m3

Q.

Calculate fuel composition by weight and % excess air from dry flue gas analysis as shown below(by volume Kmole) CO2-10.7% O2-5.1% N2-84.2% Assume that fuel contains only C,H and does not have N,O,S

Solution:

Part I
Calculation of Fuel composition What to find out Air supplied Oxygen present in total air supplied Excess oxygen present Thus Oxygen used for combustion is Oxygen required for combustion of C Oxygen required for combustion of H2 Amount of H2 present in fuel

Approach 1/(amount of N2 present in a mole of air)* N2 present in total kmole of air supplied-amount of N2 present (from flue gas composition) total Kmole of O2 present in supplied air- O2 present flue (1 mole of O2 is required for combustion of 1 mole of C) Total oxygen used for combustion-oxygen used foe comb 1 Mole of O2 is required fro combustion of 2 mole of H2 The above analysis gives-

Part II
Calculation of excess air What to find out % of excess air

Approach O2 in flue gas/(theritical O2 required for combustion)*10

Problems -26/09/2012

excess air from dry flue gas analysis as shown below-

not have N,O,S

Approach 1/(amount of N2 present in a mole of air)* N2 present in the fuel total kmole of air supplied-amount of N2 present (from flue gas composition) total Kmole of O2 present in supplied air- O2 present flue gas (1 mole of O2 is required for combustion of 1 mole of C) Total oxygen used for combustion-oxygen used foe combustion of C 1 Mole of O2 is required fro combustion of 2 mole of H2 The above analysis givesComposition H2 C

value 106.5822785 22.38227848 5.1 17.28227848 10.7 6.582278481 13.16455696

Unit Kmole Kmole Kmole Kmole Kmole Kmole Kmole

in Kmloe in KG %Wt 13.16455696 26.329114 17.01626 10.7 128.4 82.98374

Approach O2 in flue gas/(theritical O2 required for combustion)*100

value

Unit 29.510 %