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/fi6 lj/f]wL sfdnfO{ j}B u/fpg tlD;Psf 5g\, o;tk{m ;a}sf]
Wofg k'Ug h?/L 5 . To;}n] jt{dfg ;dodf g]skfdfcf]jfbLn]
eg] h:t} lgMzt{ jftf{ x'g'k5{ . jftf{af6 uf]nd]r;efsf] cfof]hgf
u/L !) jif]{ hgo'4, !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ng / nf]stGqsf] dd{ /Iff
x'g] sbd yflng'kg]{ . cfhsf] cfjZostf, ;dosf] dfu / hg
rfxgf klg oxL xf], r]tgf eof .

;/sf/L cfjf; Joj:yfkg cGof]ndf

sf7df8f} F . ;x/L ljsf;
dGqfnonfO{ pRrkb:y JolStTjsf
nflu ;/sf/L cfjf; Joj:yfkg s'g
kdf cufl8 a9fpg] eGg] cGof]n
k/] s f] 5 . dGqfnon] cufl8
a9fO/x]sf] pRrkb:y sd{rf/L /
GofofwLzsf nflu ;/sf/L cfjf;
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{ q mdaf/]
uteGbf cfufdL cfj @)&)&! sf]
ah]6 jStJodf s]xL km/s kdf
cfPsf] 5 . ah]6 jStJodf lgjt{dfg
clt ljlzi6 JolStTj / ;jf{]Rr
cbfntsf GofofwLznfO{ qmdzM
PsLs[ t cfjf; ;' l jwf pknAw
u/fpg] pNn]v 5 . dGqfnon] cufl8
a9fO/x]sf] Joj:yfkg gLltdf g]kfn

;/sf/sf ;lrj txsf ljlzi6

>]0fLsf sd{rf/L eGg] lyof] t/
ah]6df lgjt{dfg clt ljlzi6
JolStTj eGg] /x]sf] 5 . dGqfnosf
;lrj lszf]/ yfkfn] s] sf/0fn] o:tf]
x'g ePsf] eGg]af/]df 5nkmn eO/x]sf]
/ l5} :ki6 x'g] hfgsf/L lbP . pgn]
oxL sf/0faf6 pRrkb:y JolStTjsf
nflu ;/sf/L cfjf; Joj:yfkg sfo{
g/f]lsg] hfgsf/L;d]t lbP . ;jf{R] r
cbfntsf GofofwLzsf nflu @%
cnucnu 3/ / ;lrj txsf
ljlzi6 >]0fLsf sd{rf/Lsf nflu @%
j6f ;+o'St cfjf;sf nflu klxnf]
r/0fdf vl/b k| l qmof cufl8
a9fOPsf] 5 .

/fatOfc t]u ^ gpf; nf; )&)@

ljklQaf6 ;DklQ

jiff{tsf] ;dodf kfgL kg',{ gbL

/ vf]nfdf af9L cfpg', kfgL aUg]
wf/df cj/f]w k'ofPsf j:t' aufpg',
sdhf]/ e"agf]6 ePsf eL/kfvfdf
klx/f] hfg', x/]s jif{ x'g] s'/f x'g\ .
o;nfO{ k|fs[lts k|jl[ Q elgG5 / eGg'
klg k5{ . s';dodf kfgL kof],
ghfg] 7fp"df af9L k:of] / Iflt klg
eof], k|sl[ tn] klg csNkgLo Jojxf/
b]vfof] eg] clg aNn k|fs[lts ljklQ
eGg ;lsG5 . hf8f]ofddf lr;f] x'g}
k5{ / x'G5, udL{sf] df};ddf tfkqmd
a9\g}k5{ / a9\5, jiff{tsf] ;dodf
kfgL k5{ / kg{k5{ klg . of] t
k|s[ltsf] lgoldt / ;fdfGo k|lqmof
xf], ;j{;fwf/0f dfG5]n] klg hfg]s}
s'/f xf] . s'g} gf}nf] s'/f x"'b} xf]Og .
t/ xfd|f zf;s, k|zf;s / ;'/Iff
lgsfo Pj+ lhDd]jf/ ;+3;+:yf /
JolStx ToxL ;fdfGo s'/f jf
k|lqmofnfO{ klg c;fdfGo agfp"5g\
/ ljklQnfO{ klg ;DklQ sdfpg]
d]nf]d];f] ldnfp"5g\ . cfgf] st{Jo
Pj+ lhDd]jf/Lcg';f/ ug}k{ g]{ sfdnfO{
klg s]s] g} ul/lbPsf] h:tf] b]vfpg
kl5 kb}g{ g\ . of] kf] crDdsf] ljifo
ePsf] 5 t o;kfln c;f/df kfgL
kof], kf]xf]/ k/f/ klg kYof]{ / t
ls;fgn] ;dod} wfg /f]Ky] . sltko
7fp"df af9L cfof], kf]xf]/ k/f/ klg
cfPs} lyof] . kxf8df klx/f] uof],
kf]xf]/ k/f/ klg uPs} lyof] . cfpg]
;fnsf] c;f/df klg kfgL kg{5
] , af9L
cfpg] 5 / kxf8sf sltko 7fp"df
klx/f] klg hfg]5 . olt dfq} xf]Og,
of] ;fnsf] c;f/ cem} ;lsPsf] 5}g,
;fpg / ebf}sf] dlxgf l;} af"sL
5 . of]eGbf 7"nf] / d';nwf/] kfgL
jif{} af"sL 5 . af9L / klx/f]sf] k|sf]k
cem} w]/} af"sL 5 . xfdL clxn] g}
cflQPsf 5f}F . k"j{tof/L, ;'/lIft
pkfo / ;fjwfgL gckgfpgfn] klg
o:tf] ePsf] xf] . cem sltkonfO{ t
af9Lsf] endf df5f 5f]Kg} k'u]sf]
5}g . af9LkLl8t / klx/f]kLl8tsf
gfddf rGbf p7fpg] wGbf /fd|/L

;ftfsf] ax;
g/gf/fo0f cfq] o

rn] s f] 5} g . ljb] z L bftfnfO{

lrnuf8Ldf 3'dfP/, xfd|f kfvf
kv]/fsf] ljrNnL b]vfP/, t/fO{sf
ufp"j:tL / kmf"6df k;]sf] af9Ln]
kf/]sf] Ifltsf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg
u/fP/ ;xof]usf nflu ofrgf ug{]
d]nf]d;
] f] ldn]s} 5}g . Pp6f bfr'n
{ fsf]
bf?0f cj:yfn] dfq} slt kf] wfgf];\
t oxf" t c? w]/} bfr{'nfsf] k|tLIff
5 . ef/t pQ/fv08sf] alb|gfy /
s]bf/gfysf] h:tf] ljklQ xfd|f]
d'lStgfydf lsg cfPg eg]/ lbgx'"
kz'kltgfydf k|fy{gf ug]{ zf;s /
ltgsf pkf;ssf] tf"tL 5 . zf;s
/ ltgsf cf;]kf;]sf] ;w}Fsf] o:tf]
/j}of sxL g;Sg' 5 . ljktdfly
cfkt yKg] o:tf] ;jfO{ ;xLg;Sg'
5 . h'g;'s} b]zdf klg ;/sf/
hg;]jfsf nflu agfOG5 . zf;sLo
;+oGq klg hg;]jfnfO{ ;xh / ;/n
agfpg lgld{t x'G5g\ . lzIff, ;'/Iff,
Gofo, wd{ ;+ljwfg, P]g, sfg"g, ;+lxtf
cflb OToflb ;a} ;dfhsf] lxtsf
vflt/ lgld{t x'g\ . dGqL x'g\ jf g]tf,
GofofwLz x'g\ jf jlsn, k'ln; x'g\
jf ;]gf, wfld{s ;Gt x'g\ jf ;fdflhs
sfo{stf{, sd{rf/L x'g\ jf ;bfrf/L
a|Xdrf/L ;a}sf] nIo olb hg;]jf,
;dfh ;]jf / b]zelSt xf] eg] s'g}
;d:of gcfpg'kg]{ xf] . ;a}sf] nIo
Pp6} sfdsf t/Lsf km/skm/s eP
klg uGtAodf t ldng x'gk' g]{ xf] lg,
t/ x'"b}g . lsgls xfd|f rfxgf /
sfdgf km/s 5g\, nIo / uGtAo
km/s 5g\, hg;]jf / dg;]jfsf t/Lsf
km/s 5g\ . To;}n] ;dodf ;fjwfgL
ckgfO"bg} / ljklQsf] cfxfnaf6 df5f
5f]k/] dfnfdfn x'g] ;kgf b]lvG5 .
To:tf] ePkl5 af9Lklx/f] sxf"
5]lsG5 < 5]lsFbg} . tL t xfd|f zf;s
/ k|zf;ssf nflu j/bfg kf] x'g\ .

ltgsf cf;]kf;]sf nflu sfd b]vfpg],

;DklQ ;dfpg] cj;/ x'g\ . 7"nf7"nf
/f]uJofwL / dxfdf/L, clgsfn, v8]/L
/ af9Lklx/f], cfqmd0f / Wj+zx
;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf nflu hlt
si6s/ x'G5g\ plQs} nfebfos x'G5g\
zf;s, k| z f;s / ltgsf
cf;]kf;]xsf nflu . lxhf]sf] dxfg
hgo'4sfndf ;/sf/ kIfsfn] eGy]
dfcf]jfbLn] cln w]/} lhNnf cfqmd0f
ul/lbP xfdLn] To;}sf] Jofkf/ ug{
kfp"YofF,} ;xof]usf nflu xft yfKg]
df}sf ldNYof], dfcf]jfbLn] cln sd
cfqmd0f u/], ljb]zL bftfn] klg xft
v'DRofP . clg dfcf]jfbLn] eGy] xf]nf
- ;/sf/n] cln w]/} g/;+xf/ u/] x'GYof],
xfdLn] To;} n fO{ b] v fP/ p;sf]
cTofrf/sf] Jofkf/ ug{ kfp"Yof}F . clg
slyt dfgjclwsf/jfbLn] eGy]
G/t b'a} kIfaLr cfqmd0f /
k|Tofqmd0f cln w]/} eP x'GYof], xfdLn]
hgwgsf] Ifltsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ df}sf
kfp"Yof}F, dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gsf
36gf ;+sng ug]{ df}sf klg ldNYof],
xfd|f w]/} k|kf]hnx kf; x'Gy], 8n/
jif{Gy] . ltg}yl/sf] rfxgf / sfdgf
x'GYof] w]/e} Gbf w]/} dfG5] d?g\, ef}lts
;+/rgf Wj:t x'g\ / cTolws Iflt
xf];,\ clg aNn xfd|f] km;n /fd|f] x'G5 .
clxn] To:tf] hgo'4 5}g . wgo'4sf
nflu x'g] pBf]u Jofkf/ / pRr
/fhgLlts k| l t:kwf{ d f ;a} s f]
;xeflutf klg 5} g . ;Sg] h lt
a]/f]huf/x ef/t, vf8L d'n's,
sf]l/of, o'/f]k / cd]l/sf wfP klg
g;Sg] sfdrf]/xsf nflu sfdsf]
vf"rf] 5 . Tof] sfd cfktljktsf a]nf
b]lvG5 . sf]bfnf] vg]/ / xnf] hf]t/]
vfg] hdfgf uP ca . b]zsf] u/LjL,
af9L, klx/f], clgsfn / dxfdf/L s'//]
a:g] / ltg}sf] Jofkf/ u/]/ vfg] hdfgf

cfP ca . bfr'{nf, dx]Gb|gu/ /

hfh/sf]6sf] af9L / klx/f]n] hltsf]
Hofg, 3/ / v]taf/L nUof] ltgsf
3/, v]t / af/Lsf] k'gM lgdf{0f xf]nf
gxf]nf . t/, ltgsf gfddf sf7df8f}dF f
/fd|} Joj;fo cjZo klg rN5 . tf/]
xf]6ndf 5nkmn, ;]ldgf/, n~r /
l8g/ t x'G5 x'G5 . x]lnsf]K6/ / xjfO{
hxfh rf6{/ u/]/ b]z bz{g ug{
kfOG5 . e|d0f eQf, oftfoft vr{
;xof]u ;+sng / k|bfg u/]sf] vr{
dfq} nfvf}F / s/f]8f}F k'U5 . rfln;
?lkof"sf] u~hL / s' lbg rf/ xhf/
vr{ ul/G5 . lxhf]sf] Gdf k/]/
kLl8t ePsfn] /fxt gkfPh:t} xf]
clxn]sf af9Lklx/f] kLl8tsf] syf /
Joyf klg . b]znfO{ u/La agfP/ g]tf
wgL x'g] 7fp"df o:tf] sfd ;xh
t/Lsfn] x'G5 . nfhz/dsf] s'/} 5}g .
bfr'n
{ f, dx]Gb|gu/ / hfh/sf]6df /fxt
k'uf];,\ gk'uf];\ To;sf] dtnj x'b" g} .
sf7df8f+ F d f ;+ s ng ul/G5 /
Toxf" s fnfO{ cjZo klg k' U 5 .
l;+xb/af/, aNv'b/af/, ;fg]kf b/af/
/ k]l/;8f"8fb/af/ sf7df8f}Fdf 5g\,
bfr'{nfdf xf]Og . r'gfjsf a]nf dfq
g]tf jf pRr k|zf;s o;f] lhNnf
bf}8fxfdf lg:sg] x'g,\ c? a]nf xf]Og .
af9Lklx/f] cfPsf a] n f klg
x]lnsf]K6/ rf6{/ u/]/ cfpg] x'g,\ c?
a]nf xf]Og . >Ldfg\ lv/f/]sf] ;/sf/n]
klg ug{] ToxL xf], c? gof" s]xL xf]Og .
;Ldfkfl/sf dflnssf] cfb]z kfngf
ug]{ xf], c? s]xL ug]{ xf]Og . ;/sf/
/ lgjf{rgsf] t s'g} e/f];f 5}g eg]
kLl8tn] /fxt kfpg] cfz klg gu/]
x'G5 . cfkm}F s]xL u/] /fxt xf]nf, e/
k/]/ a:bf cfxt ylkG5 . t/, h'g;'s}
b/af/ lgs6sf] eP clnslt xft
nfUg klg ;S5 . ;j{;fwf/0fn] t
kfpg] ;Defjg} 5}g . ljut x]/]/
cfutsf] s' / f ug] { t xf] .
;j{ ; fwf/0fsf ljklQ t b/af/
lgs6sfn] ;DklQ sdfpg] dfWod
x'g\ . clxn]sf] af9L / klx/f]nfO{ klg
ToxLkdf a'em] x'G5 xh'/ .

afa'/fdf/f ;+ljwfg;efsf] xTof, k|r08 To;sf] d'Vo dltof/

@)@& ;fn df3 !) ut] lrtjgsf]
/Tggu/ gu/kflnsf# 6fF8L, df
hlGdPsf v]d yklnof g]kfnL qmflGtdf
sndsf] dfWodaf6 ;+3if{/t\ 5g\ .
yklnofn] ev{/} dfq snf ;flxTodf b'O{
nfOg ;+3if{ gfds k':ts ahf/df
NofPsf 5g\ . ;f]xL lstfjdf pNn]v 5
ls dfS;{jfbL / cj;/jfbL sfo{lbzfsf
aLrsf] ;+3if{nfO{ b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{ elgG5 .
snf ;flxTosf] l;h{gfTds sfo{
ju{;3+ if{sf pkh dflgPsf] k':tsdf snf
/ ljrf/wf/fsf] cljefHo ;DaGwnfO{
h/}bl] v s]nfOPsf] 5 . hxfF ljrf/wf/fnfO{
;fdflhs r]tgfsf ljleGg kxsf]
Jojl:yt k|0ffnL dflgPsf] 5 . @&^ k[i7
nfdf] pSt k' : tsdf g] k fnnfO{
;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbxn] gf\uf]
kdf s;/L s;/L lqmsf08 ul//x]sf]
5 eGg] b]vfOPsf] 5 . ctM snf /
;flxTosf dfWodaf6 /fi6jfbL / /fi6
lj/f]wLxnfO{ lstfadf s];f| s];f| df
s]nfOPsf] 5 . hxfF afa'/fdf/f
;+ljwfg;efsf] xTof / k|r08 To;sf]
dltof/ ePsf] pNn]v 5 . k|fSsygsf]
bf];f| ] k]hdf elgPsf] 5 g]kfnnfO{
;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbn] gf\uf] kdf
lqm8f:yn agfPsf 5g\ . oxfF ltgsf
bnfn tyf s7k'tnLxn] v'ndv'Nnf
/fi63ft ul/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] /fli6otf
:jfwLgtfnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg]{ b':k|of;
lg/Gt/ hf/L 5 . d'ns
' n] 7"nf] s'af{gLkl5
k|fKt u/]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef afa'/fd
e/fO{f/f xTof ul/Psf] 5 . k'iksdn
bfxfn To;sf] d'Vo dltof/ ag]sf 5g\ .
;f]xL k':tssf s]xL emnsx o:tf 5g\
cf:yfcfbz{ ljrf/nfO{ df/]/ cflTdo
d[To' /f]Hg] of] k|jl[ t d"ntM qmflGtnfO{

tf]8kmf]8 / lj;h{g ug],{ km'6 / ljefhg

Nofpg], ljv08gf/f lj;h{gdf k'ofpg]
;+:s[lt xf] . o:tf] k|jl[ Qsf lj?4 ;+3if{
ug]{ xfdL xfd|f] st{Jo 7fGb5f}F . g]tT[ jn]

af6f]sf] w'nf]df ofFss

] f] /ftf]em08fnfO{
k'gM dfly p7fpg] ;fx; ug}k{ 5{ . o;af/]
km];a'ssf] sd]G6 qmflGt x'G5 t/ of]
tfnn] x'bF g} . of] t u'6aGbL xf] . kf6L{,
qmflGt / /fi6nfO{ w/fkdf kg]{ u'6aGbL
rflxFbg} . kf6L{ km'6fpg kfOFbg} . lsgeg]
o;df nfvf}nF fv >dhLljxsf] /ut /
kl;gf ldl;Psf] 5 . -h] h:tf dfG5]
kf6L{ Pstfsf gfddf lelqP, ltgnfO{
b]Vbf cfTdUnfgL / kL8f x'G5 . xfd|f
6fpsfsf] df]n tf]lsFbf xfdLnfO{ ;fdflhs
kmfF;LjfbL eg]/ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;/sf/l;t
:j/ ldnfpg]x Pstfsf gfddf 7"n}

g]tf ag]/ xfd|f] ;nfd vfO/x]sf 5g\ .

k':tsdf lgef zfxsf] ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
Pp6f sljtf dfcf]jfbL lhGbfjfb eGb}
k|r08kysf a]ng' x dfly dfly p8]kl5
/fd;fOnLn] cfgf] gfd /fvL
nfn;fOFnL . ltg} nfn;fOFnLsf
xftuf]8fx u'd] alb{ofsf
df]rf{xdf xf] ltg} nfn;fOFnL
cfh u'ds
] f v'fx vf]lh/x]sL
l5g\ sxfF u'd] < nfnf;fOFnLsf
v'fx vf]Hof} st} < b]Vof}F st}
b]Vg]n] eg] k|r08ky an]/f]sf
kf\uf| x'Gnf;fOFnLsf v'fxotf
nfn;fOFnL l3l;|PsL l3l;|Ps} 5
ptf an]/f] s'bs
] f] s'bo\ } 5 aGb's, dfbn / sndsf] plrt
;dfof]hgf/f dfn]dfjfbL
;f}Gbo{sf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .
hgo'4 k|an ePsf u|fdL0f
Onfsfdf k'/fgf] wfld{s s/tf,
hftkft, ?l9, cGwljZjf;,
e]befj, zf]if0f, pTkL8g, lkt[;Qf
jf h:tf ;fdfGtL d"No dfGotf,
Wj:t x'bF } ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf]
gofF hgjfbL ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf]
5 . dxfg\ hgo'4n] ju{;3+ if{df t'kmfgL
s]Gb|xnfO{ ;flxTodo agfOlbPsfn] cfh
ufpF ufpF, 6f]n 6f]nb]lv x/]s txleq
;'Gb/ ;flxTo l;h{gf ePsf 5g\ . -;]g
OR5'snfO{ tTsflng ;Qsf hNnfbxn]
@)%( ;fn h]7 ^ ut] afhn] 5f]k;] /x
sf7df8f}aF f6 lu/tf/ u/] . s[i0f;]g
OR5's Pp6f sndhLlj cfbz{ kfq
x'gx' G' Yof] . lx6n/n] ox'bLdfly klg ;fob}
olt;Dd qm'/ / aa{/tfsf] gfs6Lo lx+;s
|
k|jl[ Q k|bz{g u/]gg\ xf]nf . jf:tjdf
;]gsf] xTof k|ltzf]wsf] efjgfn] r'/

gk';+ sj[lQ lyof] . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb

/ cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] h'7f]k/' f] vfPsf,
pgs} aGb's, uf]nL / a'6sf] k|of]u u/]/
b]zeSt ;k"txnfO{ anfTsf/ ug],{
a]kQf kfg],{ ljeT; ug]{ s[T; ;fob tL
k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf wd{g} lyP . k|;u+
xfd|} xf] . dfS;{jfbL bz{gn] ljZjnfO{
;du|tfdf cWoog ub}{ ;fdflhs hLjgsf]
cg';Gwfg u/]/ To;sf] ef}lstjfbL
wf/0ffsf] ljsf; ub{5 . lxhf]sf] g]kfn
/ cfhsf] g]kfndf w]/} cQ/ cfO;s]sf]
5 . lxhf]sf] sfNklgs 3f]8fbf}8 ug{]
afbzfxx cfh Oltxf;sf] sG6]g/df
k'l/Psf 5g\ . slyt d'Le/sf ef6afx]
k~rfotL / Pj+ ax'bnLo sfnsf]
/fi6ufg t s;}n] dfg]gg . >Ldfg\
uDeL/===== / ;of}F y'u+ f==== sf] ;f/df
pxL, Pp6} rl/q ljBdfg ePsf] x'bF f
o:tf] /rgf t'?Gt vf/]hL hgtfsf] cfjfh
xf] . ljZj ;fd|fHojfb ljz]ifu/L cd]l/sL
;fd|fHojfbn] ljZj/sf >dhLlj hgtf
lj?4 o'4 yf]k/]/ ToxfFsf c;nL lrhxsf]
bf]xg ug]{ u/]sf] tYo ;j{ljlQt} 5 . of]
;Dk"0f o'4sf :jkx /fhgLlts
j}rfl/s, cfly{s kmf}hL, ;fF:s[lts tyf
dgf] j}1flgs cflb OToflb x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .
oL tdfdvfn] ;Dk"0f{o4' sf] ceLi6 eg]sf]
ljZje/sf dfgj ;+zfwg tyf k|fs[lts
;|ft] xnfO{ cfgf] cfly{s Pj+ /fhgLlts
cwLgdf s}b u/L To;dfly zf]if0f, pTkL8g
yf]kg'{ /x]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . cfh cfGbf]ng
leq b'Zdgsf lj?4 k|of]u ul/g] l8kmfOg,
l8efO8, l8df]/nfOh, l8:6fo] tyf ofDr/
h:tf ljlwx cfg} ju{leq k|of]u x'bF }
cfof] . 8\o6' Lljgf Ao'6L aGg] xf]8afhLn]
s] uGtJodf k'Ug ;lsPnf <
x]nf] va/jf6

/fatOfc t]u ^ gpf; nf; )&)@

Leo Rose / g]kfnsf] kl/j]z

===== gof lbNnLsf] g]kfn;+u

ag]sf] bL3{sflng ;d:ofsf] ;fdfGo
;dfwfgsf kdf ef/t ;/sf/n]
;+:yfkgsf] e/kbf]{ k|ltlglw /fv]/
sf7df08f}sf] ljBdfg ;/sf/nfO{

cd]/Lsg n]vs Leo Rose n]

g]kfnef/t dfldnfsf af/] n]vs
] f]
k':tssf] c+z xf] . pgn] cf}+NofPem}+
g]kfndf ef/tsf] k|ToIf ;}Go
x:tIf]ksf] ;+efjgf, olb rLg /

k|bz
] sf] dfudf k|i6 kdf b]Vg
;lsG5, h;sf] d'Vo cfwf/
gful/stf P]g / gSsln gful/stf
k|s/0fx x'g\ .
)( ;fnlt/ g} eb|sfnL ld> /

e/t bfxfn
ef/tn] g]kfn lj/f]lw
of]hgfdf k|of]u u/]sf
dfcf]jfbLxdf afa'/fd
e/fO d"Vo ;"qwf/ lyP .
pgLnfO{ h;n] xNsf 9+un]
a'em]sf]5, To;n] pgsf]
Oltxf;nfO{ ulx/f] b[li6af6
x]g{ h?/L 5 . e/fO{ tL
JolQm x'g, h;nfO{ ;g\
!(*# df pgL cWoIf /x]sf]
clvn ef/t g]kfnL
ljBfyL{ ;+3sf] Pp6f
sfo{qmd ef/tn] ljxf/sf] /fFrLl:yt cfgf] ;}lgs SofDkleq cfof]hgf
ug{ nufPsf] lyof] . To;}an
] f w]/} ;xefluxn] cfZro{ k|s6 u/]sf] ;f]
sfo{qmddf Clifs]z zfx, kb\d/Tg t'nfw/, e/tdf]xg clwsf/L,
emngfy vgfn nufotsfxsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
/fFrL sfo{qmsf] nuQ} g]kfn kms]s
{ f afa'/fd cfa4 ePsf] klxnf]
;+u7g g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7g lyof], h;sf] cWoIf /x]sf
Clifs]z zfx ltg} AolQm x'g,\ h;n] ljkLnfO{ k|wfgdGqLaf6 ckb:t
ug]{ ef/tsf] of]hgfdf /fhf dx]Gb| / hjfx/nfn g]xsf aLrdf s'/f
cfbfg k|bfgsf] dfWodsf] sfd u/]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{
lj;lh{t ug{ lg0ff{os j}rfl/s e"ldsf v]ns
] f log} afa'/fdn] cfgf]
k|wfgdGqLTj sfndf g]kfn st}klg dh{ -ljno_ x'g;Sg] k|;u+
p7fP, h'gs'/f Leo Rose n] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ ck|ToIf
kdf ;dy{g u/]/ ef/tn] g]kfnsf] cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg{;S5 elg $@
aif{ klxn] u/]sf] ljin]if0fsf] ;+be{;u+ 7\ofSs} ldNb5 .
x6fpg] s]xL t/Lsf ckgfpg
;S5 . k|sf/fGt/df of] k|To'Tkfbs
x'g;Sg] ePsf]n,] o;nfO{ ;fk]If
kdf lale t/Lsfn] ;Dk ug{
;lsG5 M h;df, k|ToIf ef/tLo
;}lgs x:tIf]k yf]/} kl/jlt{t
kdf ef/tLo ;]gfdf axfn /x]sf
uf]vf{ /]hLd]G6 jf ef/t lgafl;
e"tk"j{ uf]vf{ ;]gfnfO{ k|of]u u/]/
g]kfnsf] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{
ck|ToIf ;xof]u dfkm{t\ x:tIf]k
u/]/ jf ;Dk"0f{ kdf cfly{s
gfsfaGbL u/]/ of] sfd k"/f ug{
;lsG5 . o;dWo]sf s'g} klg
t/Lsf k|foM ;kmn x'g ;S5g\ /
ef/tLo x:tIf]ksf la?4
k|ltx:tIf]k ug]{ tfut k'Ug]u/L
zfxL ;QfnfO{ ;dy{g lbg],
;Dejt, rLg ;lxt, s'g} klg t]>f]
/fHo x'g] 5}g .
of] s'/f dflgPsf] 5 ls
g]kfnsf] eljio /fHosf] ljefhgdf
g} /x]sf] 5 h;df ;dy/ e"efu t/fO{_ ef/tn] lng]5 / kxf8
rLgn] . h] ePklg k|lt/f]wug]{
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; gx'Gh]n
;Ddsfnflu of] k/L0ffd ef/tsf]
s'g} klg ;/sf/n] :jLsf/ ug]{5}g
/ gof" lbNnLsf] cfwf/e"t k|lt/Iff
gLlt lrlgofF ;}Go zlQmnfO{
lxdfnosf] ca/f]w;Dd l;dLt ug'{
/xg] 5 .
-Leo E Rose Nepal
Strategy for Survival, page
291, OUP,1971)

Dffly pw[t ul/Psf] /fhgLlts

ljin]if0f $@ aif{ cufl8 Ps

ef/tsf aLrdf o'4 gePsf] eP /

o; If]qdf rLgsf] zlQm ;'b[9 x'Fb}
gcfPsf] eP, ;+ej klg x'g;SYof] .
xfn ef/tdf uflePsf
hDd'sflZd/, x}b/fjfb nufotsf
/fHox lj?4 To;n] ;}Go
x:tIf]ks} gLlt ckgfPsf] lyof] .
bf]>f] ljZjo'4kl5 ljZjel/
km}lnPsf] gjpklgj]zjfb lj/f]lw
cfGbf]ngsf] k|efj, ^) sf]
bzsb]lv c;+nUg cfGbf]ngsf]
k|efj cflb ;d]tn] ;}Go x:tIf]ksf]
;+efjgfnfO{ sdhf]/ agfPsf]
sf/0fn] dfq g]kfn ef/tLo
vt/faf6 hf]luPsf] lyof] . uf]vf{
;}Go o"lg6 jf ef/tdf a;]sf
u/]sf e"k" uf]vf{ ;}lgsxnfO{
k|of]u u/]/ g]kfnnfO{ ljno ug]{
;+efjgf rflx+ sdhf]/ lyof] .
Leo Rose sf] lgisif{ k9\bf
g]kfnLxdf hlt pT;'stf hfUb5,
Tof] eGbf s}of}+u'gf al9 u+eL/
agfpFb5g\ pgsf tLgj6f
lgisif{xn] . pgn] n]ve
] m+} ef/tn]
g]kfndf )@% ;fn / )$% ;fndf
cfly{s gfsfaGbL nufP/
cfTd;k{0f u/fpg] k|of; ul/;s]sf]
5 . qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{
ck|ToIf kdf ;dy{g u/]/
g]kfnsf] cl:tTjnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{
To;sf] of]hgfsf] c+usf kdf
xfdLn] dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 / dw]z
cfGbf]ngsf k|of]ux x]l/;s]sf 5f}+
eg] Leo Rose n] ;+st] ug{
vf]h]sf] ;dy/ e"efu -t/fO{_sf]
ljefhgsf] knfO{ cfTdlg0f{oosf]
clwsf/ ;lxtsf] ;du| dw]z

a]bfgGb emfF dfkm{t\ To;n] :jtGq

t/fO{ / g]kfndf ef/tLo ;]gfsf]
pkl:yltsf] dfu ug{ nufO{ ;s]sf]
lyof] . o;} k|of]hgsf nflu dft[sf
sf]O/fnfsf] kfnfdf g]kfnleq
ef/tLo ;}lgs ldzg cfPsf]
lyof] . t/ To;sf] nuQ} kl5
6+sk|;fb cfrfo{sf] pbo, ljeflht
sf+u;
]| sf g]tf ljkL sf]O/fnfdf
ef/tk|ltsf] k'/fgf] ;f]+rdf
cfO/x]sf] kl/jt{g, sDo'lgi6
kf6L{sf] lj:Tff/ / rLgef/t o'4
h:tf sf/0fn] To;n] cfgf]
of]hgfnfO{ cl3 a9fpg ;s]g .
nfdf] ;dokl5 uh]Gb|gf/fo0f
l;+xnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ ef/tn] k'gM
eb|sfnL ld>xsf] dfunfO{ d'v/
ug{ yfNof] / )$^ ;fnkl5 :jfoQ
dw]z, lxGbL efiff / gful/stfsf
d'2f2x p7fpg nufof] . )(
;fnb]lv uh]Gb|gf/fo0fsf]
pTyfg;Ddsf 36gfxn] s]
b]vfpF5g\ eg] ablnPsf] kl/j]zdf
To;n] g]kfn lj?4sf] k|fylds
xltof/sf kdf ;}Go sfjf{lxnfO{
geP/ :jfoQtf / hg;+Vof
cltqmd0fsf] lbzfaf6 t/fO{sf]
ljefhgsf] if8oGqnfO{ cufl8
a9fPsf] 5 .
ef/tLo gLltsf] k"/s c+usf
kdf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x b]lvG5 .
dw]zLxsf] ana'tfdf dfq t/fO{
laefhgsf] cfwf/ agfpg ;+ea
gb]lvg' g} dfcf]jfbL k|of]usf] d'Vo
sf/0f xf] . cf>o, xltof/, k};f,
tflnd ;a} lbP/ To;n] dfcf]jfbL
g]tT[ jaf6 cfTdlg0f{oosf] clwsf/

;lxtsf] :jfoQ dw]z k|b]zsf]

av]8f p7fpg nufof] . oL d'4fx
dw]zL u'6xaf6 p7fpg nufpFbf
To;leqsf] p2]Zo k|i6;+u a'lemg]
8/n] To;n] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ k|of]u
u/]sf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbL g]t[TjnfO{
k"/} lgoGq0fdf lnP/ k'iksdn
afa'/fdsf] kxndf afx|a'Fb]sf] a]nf
ef/tLoxnfO{ gful/stf lbg]
ljifodf ePsf] c3f]lift ;xdlt
cg';f/ g} tfTsflng * bnsf
gfdaf6 hGdsf cfwf/df
gful/stf ljt/0f ug]{ P]g kfl/t
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; sf]0faf6 x]bf{
dw]zjfbL u'6xnfO{ t/fO
ljefhgsf cfwf/ / dfcf]jfbL
k+lQmnfO{ >f]tsf kdf k|of]u
ul/Psf] tYo k|i6 x'G5 .
ef/tn] g]kfn lj/f]lw of]hgfdf
k|of]u u/]sf dfcf]jfbLxdf
afa'/fd e/fO d"Vo ;"qwf/ lyP .
pgLnfO{ h;n] xNsf 9+un] a'em]sf]5,
To;n] pgsf] Oltxf;nfO{ ulx/f]
b[li6af6 x]g{ h?/L 5 . e/fO{ tL
JolQm x'g, h;nfO{ ;g\ !(*# df
pgL cWoIf /x]sf] clvn ef/t
g]kfnL ljBfyL{ ;+3sf] Pp6f
sfo{qmd ef/tn] ljxf/sf] /fFrLl:yt
cfgf] ;}lgs SofDkleq cfof]hgf
ug{ nufPsf] lyof] . To;}an
] f w]/}
;xefluxn] cfZro{ k|s6 u/]sf]
;f] sfo{qmddf Clifs]z zfx,
kb\d/Tg t'nfw/, e/tdf]xg
clwsf/L, emngfy vgfn
nufotsfxsf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
/fFrL sfo{qmsf] nuQ} g]kfn
kms]{sf afa'/fd cfa4 ePsf]
klxnf] ;+u7g g]kfn dfgj
clwsf/ ;+u7g lyof], h;sf]
cWoIf /x]sf Clifs]z zfx ltg}
AolQm x'g,\ h;n] ljkLnfO{
k|wfgdGqLaf6 ckb:t ug]{
ef/tsf] of]hgfdf /fhf dx]Gb| /
hjfx/nfn g]xsf aLrdf s'/f
cfbfg k|bfgsf] dfWodsf] sfd
u/]sf lyP . dfcf]jfbL
cfGbf]ngnfO{ lj;lh{t ug{ lg0ff{os
j}rfl/s e"ldsf v]n]sf log}
afa'/fdn] cfgf] k|wfgdGqLTj
sfndf g]kfn st}klg dh{ -ljno_
x'g;Sg] k|;u+ p7fP, h'gs'/f Leo
Rose n] qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{
ck|ToIf kdf ;dy{g u/]/
ef/tn] g]kfnsf] cl:tTj ;dfKt
kfg{;S5 elg $@ aif{ klxn] u/]sf]

ljin]if0fsf] ;+be{;u+ 7\ofSs}

ldNb5 .
dfcf]jfbL / dw]zLxnfO{ k|of]u
u/]/ ef/tn] eGg ug{ nufPsf]
dh{sf] cleJolQm cfPkl5
la=P;=bf; gfds Pshgf
ef/tLon] Pp6f u'ds
] f] b]zsf]
syf lzif{sdf n]v k|sflzt -)&)
h]i7 $ sf] sflGtk'/ b}lgs_ u/],
h;df pgn] eg]sf lyP, g]kfn,
e'6fg / l;lSsdsf] lxdfno >[v
+ nf
ef/tLo ;'/Iff kl/lw xf] eGg]
dfGotf o;}sf/0f :yflkt eof],
h;nfO{ rLg nufot ljZj ;d'bfon]
dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . lxdfno
>[v
+ nf;Ddsf] g]kfn, e'6fg /
l;lSsdsf] e"efunfO{ cfgf] ;'/Iff
nfOg -cfgf] e"efu_ 7fGg] ef/tsf]]
bflanfO{ rLg / ljZj;d'bfon]
dfGotf lbPsf] 5 eGg] bf;sf] syg
st}af6 k'li6 ePsf] 5}g t/ ;g\
!(^) df hjfx/nfn g]xn] olx
ljifo p7fpFbf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL
ljkL sf]O/fnfn] cfklQ hgfPkl5
pgn] ef/tsf] nf]s;efdf cfgf]
af]lnnfO{ lkmtf{ lnPsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf
lyP . ljkL sf]O/fnf g]xsf] lzsf/
x'gd' f of] klg Pp6f sf/0f lyof] .
Leo Rose Pshgf cd]l/sL
n]vs tyf /fhgLlts
cg';Gwfgstf{ lyP . ljz]iful/
g]kfn, rLg, ef/tsf] ljb]z Pj+
/Iff dfldnfsf] ljZn]if0f;+u
hf]l8Psf pgsf] bfla cg';f/
ef/tf/f g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf]
x/0fsf] of]hgf ;DalGw of] lgisif{
g]kfn / ef/tsf /fhgLlts,
s'6lglts tyf /Iff;+u ;DalGwt
ljz]if1 JolQmx;+usf] nfdf]
5nkmn / ef/tsf] g]kfn gLlt;+u
;DalGwt y'k|} of]hgfxnfO{ cufl8
/fv]/ lgsflnPsf] xf] . l7s o:t}
k|sf/sf] lgisif{ a]nfotL s'6lglt1
JP Cross n] cfgf] k':ts The
call of Nepal -k[i7 *&*(_df
klg lgsfn]sf 5g\ .
Leo Rose sf] ljin]if0f;+u
hf]l8Psf] clxn]sf] ;Gbe{n]
Oltxf;sf sltko 36gfxsf]
k'gd"N{ ofs+g ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf
b]vfPsf] 5 . k+rfotL Joj:yf /
/fhtGqsf] lj:yfkg, )$^ ;fnsf]
ax'bn, dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x, zflGt
k|so[ f, ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7g /
/fHosf] k'g;{/+ rgf ;DalGw p7]sf

d'2fx s'gn
} ] klg g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}d;Qf, If]lqo cv08tf Pj+
hgclwsf/sf] k|Zgdf ;sf/fTds
kl/0ffd glbPsf] kl/k|I] fdf g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;sf] k'gd"N{ of+sgsf] ljifonfO{
ef/tLo if8oGqsf] Jofks
;Gbe{leq x]g{ h?/L 5 eGg]
b]vfpF5 .
ef/tLo if8oGq / g]kfnsf]
jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df oxfFsf ;Qf
s]lGb|t /fhgLlts JolQm, sd{rf/L
Pj+ af}l4s j[t sf]lx cgle1
5}gg\ . t/ o;af/]sf] df}gtfn] s]
b]vfpF5 eg] g]kfnleqsf] bnfn /
u'Ktr/xsf] Pp6f k+lQm b]znfO{
ef/tdf ufEg] jf ljefhg ug]{
of]hgfdf ;xdt eO;s]sf] 5 /
csf]{ k+lQmn] cfgf] :jfy{sf nflu
t'li6s/0fsf] gLlt lnPsf] 5 . ut
xKtf ef/tLo ljb]zdGqL ;ndfg
v'l;{bsf] rfs8Lsf] xf]8df rf/
bnsf g]tfxn] cfk"mnfO{ h;/L
lgj{:q b]vfOlbP, o;n] g]kfn
gfh's df]8df k'lu;s]]sf]
oyfy{tfnfO{ ;+s]t ub{5 .o:tf]
cj:yfdf ef/t, rf/ blno
l;lG8s]6 / ;/sf/sf] k"0f{
lgoGq0fdf /xg] u/L u/fpg] 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg s]
k|of]hgsf nflu xf] eGg] k|Zgdf
u+eL/tfsf;fy ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5 .
aflx/af6 x]bf{ /fd|f b]lvg] ;a}
;fwgx ;sf/fTds ;fWosf nflu
;fws x'bF g} g\ . To;leqsf] lglxtfy{,
ljsf; k|so[ f Pj+ ;Gbe{ s] xf] eGg]
s'/f g} d'Vo kIf xf] . log} bnxn]
lxhf] /fhtGqnfO{ b]zsf] Psdfq
;d:of ePsf] atfpFb} ;dfwfgsf]
cr's ljsNksf kdf cl3 ;f/]sf]
u0ftGqsf] cfs{ifs t:jL/ b]z /
hgtfsf nflu /fhtGq eGbf
vt/fgfs ;fljt eof] . slyt
zflGt k|s[of / /fHo k'g;{+/rgfsf
/+lug gf/fx klg ;dfh ljefhg
ug]{ xltof/sf kdf k|of]u ul/P .
;+ljwfg;efsf] hfb'ul/ tl:j/ klg
o;sf] ckjfb aGg ;Sb}g .
pQfpnf]kgdf gaxlsP/ ;a}n]
Oltxf;af6 kf7 l;Sg o; sf/0fn]
klg h?/L b]lvPsf] xf] ls h'g
tTjxn] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ cr"s
cf}iflwsf kdf avfg ul//x]sf
5g\, ltg} tTjxn] cfgf nflu
cg'sn
" tf gb]vk] l5 ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lj36g u/]sf lyP .

ut xKtf ef/tLo ljb]zdGqL ;ndfg v'l;{bsf]

rfs8Lsf] xf]8df rf/ bnsf g]tfxn] cfk"mnfO{
h;/L lgj{:q b]vfOlbP, o;n] g]kfn gfh's
df]8df k'lu;s]s
] f] oyfy{tfnfO{ ;+st] ub{5 .o:tf]
cj:yfdf ef/t, rf/ blno l;lG8s]6 /
;/sf/sf] k"0f{ lgoGq0fdf /xg] u/L u/fpg] 3f]if0ff
ul/Psf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg s] k|of]hgsf
nflu xf] eGg] k|Zgdf u+eL/tfsf;fy ljrf/ ug'{
kb{5 . aflx/af6 x]bf{ /fd|f b]lvg] ;a} ;fwgx
;sf/fTds ;fWosf nflu ;fws x'bF g} g\ .
To;leqsf] lglxtfy{, ljsf; k|so[ f Pj+ ;Gbe{ s]
xf] eGg] s'/f g} d'Vo kIf xf] .

Pstf / ;xsfo{ cfhsf] cfjZostf

@))&, )$& / )^@)^# b]lv

dw]z, cflbjf;L, hghftL cflb
r/0fj4 cfGbf]ng kZrft kfPsf]
pknlAwnfO{ s'7f/f3ft ub}{ hgtfsf]
clwsf/ xgg u/L zlQm k[ylss/0fsf
l;4fGt tyf cnf]stflGqs tyf
c;+jw} flgs tj/jf6 lg/+sz
' tyf
clwgfosjfb z}nLsf] lgb{lno ;/sf/
u7g ug{ rf/ bn jfWo x'g k/]sf]
cj:yfn] b]zsf] :jflwgtf tyf
/fli6 o tf vt/fdf k/] s f] 5 .
tTsflng /fhf 1fg] G b| j f6 b' O {
pkfWoIf dfkm{t zf;g Joj:yf xftdf
lnO{ nf]stflGqs Joj:yfnfO{ cfkmg}
tj/af6 ;+rfng ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngLdf
g]kfnn] b'j} b]z;Fu ;Gt'lnt s'6gLlt
cjnDjg u/L ;do kl/j]z jdf]lhd
e" ;fdl/s dxTj / ;dfgfGt/ ;DjGw
sfod /fVg] sbdnfO{ blIf0fsf]
/fhgLlts :jfy{sf sf/0f k'/f ug{
lbO{Pg . ctM df]xg j}B ls/0f
kIfw/nfO{ kfvf nufpF b } ;ft
/fhgLlts bn tyf ljb|f]lx zlQmsf]
!@ j'bF ] lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] hudf ;ft
/fhgLlts bnsf] cfXjfgdf
)^@)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng dfkm{t
/fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;g ;Qf kl/jt{g
u/L u/fO{ To; kZrft b] z df
/fhgLlts kl/jt{g ;Fu} hftLo
klxrfg ;lxtsf] ;+l3otf tyf wd{
lg/k]Iftfsf d'2fnfO{ crfgs hgtf
dfly yf]kg{] sfd ul/of] .
;Qf / zlQmsf] k|nf]egdf k/]/
bnfn ky cjnDjg u/]sf sf/0f
cfofltt To:tf d'2fxnfO{ :jLsf/
u/L b]zdf 4Gbsf] ljhf/f]k0f u/]sf
sf/0f ;+lawfg ;efaf6 ;+lawfg
agfpg ;d]t c;kmn /x]sf] /
eljiodf ;d]t o;n] b'/ufdL k|efj
kfg{] k|fo lglZrt ePsf] x'bF f lbNnL
!@ j'Fb] ;Demf}tfsf dWo:ystf{
ef/tsf] cf8df /fi6jfbL zlQmsf]
;Qf kl/jt{g kZrft :jflwgtf tyf
/fli6 o tfdf vt/fsf] ;+ s ] t

;d;fdlos
ljhog/l;+x s];L

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j}wflgs /fhgLlts lgsf; lgsfNg
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cfGbf]ngn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;/sf/
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cnf] s tflGqs tyf c;+ j } w flgs
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zf;g ug]{ cj}wfgLs dgzfo dfly
t'iff/fkft ePsf] 5 . ctM g]skf
dfcf]jfbL tyf ## blno df]rf{sf g]tf
df] x g j} B sf] g] t [ T jdf uf] n d] r
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kg{ ;Sg] 5 . ctM s'g} Ps zlQmnfO{
lgif]w ug]{ /fhgLltn] ljb]zL zlQmn]
v]Ng] 7fpF kfpFb5 / cl:y/tfnfO{
dnhn ub}{ cfkmgf] :jfy{ k'lt{
ug] { 5 g . t;y{ ;j} /fhgLlts
bnxsf] d"No / dfGotfnfO{ :jLsfb}{
;xdtLsf] cfwf/df lgsf; lgsfNg
;/sf/ tyf rf/ bnn] ;a}
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ug{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
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;fj{ e f} d clwsf/nfO{ xgg ub} {
c;kmn ;fljt ePsf rf/ blno
l;l08s]6 dfkm{t j}b]lzs x:tIf]k
:jLsf/L @)^( r}q ! ut] rf/
blno !! j'bF ] ;xdtLdf @% j'bF ] jfwf
c8sfp km'sfp cfb]z dfkm{t lg/+sz
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tyf clwgfosjfb z}lnsf] zf;g
Joj:yfdf Gofokflnsf Joj:yflksf

kfgL lkpg';\ lbdfu t]lhnf] agfpg';\

sf7df8f}F . j}1flgsx?n] kfgL lkpFbf
dl:tissf] Ifdtf a9\g] / kof{Kt kfgL
lkpgfn] dl:tis t]h x'g] tYo kQf
nufPsf 5g\ . Oi6 n08g
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kQf nufPsf x'g\ . pgLx?sf cg';f/
ha dflg;nfO{ nfu]sf] ltvf{ d]l6G5
ta lbdfu sfddf s]lGb|t x'G5 .
zf]wstf{x?n] o; qmddf #$ hgf
dlxnf tyf k'?ifdf cWoog u/] .
pgLx?n] dflg;x?nfO{ ;'?df ltvf{
nfu]sf] 5 5}g eg]/ k|Zg u/] < ltvf{
gnfu]sf] hjfkm lbg] dflg;x?sf] ;'?df
6]i6 lnP / To;kl5 pgLx?nfO{ kfgL
vfg lbP . kfgL lkPkl5 km]l/ tL
dfG5]sf] 6]i6 lnP . To;}u/L ltvf{
nfu]sf] 5 eg]/ atfPsf dflg;x?nfO{
klg s]xL k|Zg ;f]w/] k/LIff lnP clg
kfgL vfg lbP/ km]l/ k/LIff lnP o;
qmddf s] kfOof] eg] ltvf{ gnfu]sf]
eg]sf dflg;x?n] kfgL vfg' cl3 /
vfO ;s]kl5 b'ar
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atfPsf dflg;x?n] kfgL vfg' cl3eGbf
kfgL vfO;s]kl5sf] k/LIff lgs} /fd|f]

5 . ltvf{Psf dflg;x?n] kfgL

vfO;s]kl5 lbPsf] hfFr ltvf{sf] a]nfsf]
eGbf !$ k|ltzt pQd /x]sf] cWoogsf
qmddf kfOof] . zf]wstf{x?sf cg';f/
dflg; ltvf{Psf] a]nfdf dl:tissf]
Pp6f efu ltvf{sf] ;"rgf k|;f/ ug{}
Jo:t /xG5 . t/ ha dflg;n] kfgL
lkpF5 ta dl:tissf] Tof] efun] km';b{
kfpF5 clg sfddf s]lGb|t x'G5 .
zf]wstf{ Sof/f]lng P8dG8:sfcg';f/
s8f >d ul//x]sf] a]nfdf ;d]t kfgL
lkpg' lgs} kmfObfhgs x'G5 . kfgL
dfq xf]Og lrof tyf skmL lkpFbf klg
plQs} kmfObf x'G5 . z/L/df kfgLsf]
sdL x'bF f To;n] dl:tissf] sfddf
afwf kfg]{ 7x/ ub}{ zf]wstf{x?n] kof{Kt
kfgL lkpgfn] :d/0f zlStdf j[l4 x'g,]
sfddf Psfu|tf sfod x'g,] tgfjsf]
:t/ 36\gs
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5g\ . k/LIff xndf kof{Kt kfgL lkpFb}
k/LIff lbg] ljBfyL{n] kfgL glkOsg
k/LIff lbFbfeGbf Ps ltxfO a9L /fd|f]
k/LIff u/]sf] kfOPsf] zf]wstf{x?
atfpF5g\ . Ph]G;L

tyf sfo{kflnsfdf Ps} lgb{lno

JolQmsf] cGtl/d r'gfjL ;/sf/
lgdf{0f u/L gful/s ljw]os dfkm{t
u}/ g]kfnLnfO{ gful/stf ljt/0f sfo{
c;+jw} flgs tyf cnf]stflGqs ePsf]
sf/0f /fli6 o :jfwLgtf dfly
cfqmd0f ug{] sfd z'? u/]sf] 5 eg]
csf]{tkm{ !)$ jif{ ;Dd hgtfsf
;fj{ e f} d clwsf/ xgg ul/
sfo{ k flnsf Gofokflnsf tyf
Joj:yflksf clwsf/ dfly
clwgfosjfb z}lndf lg/+s/' z /f0ff
zf;gsf] O{ltxf; bf]xf]/LPsf] cj:yf
5 . g]kfndf nf]stflGqs d'No /
dfGotfdf ;+jw} flgs tyf /fhgLlts
lgsf;sf] ck]Iff dfly t'iff/fkft x'bF }
uO{/x]sf] kl/b[ion] ef/tsf] ;xof]udf
/fh;Qf kl/jt{g ul/g'sf] cf}lrTo
unt ePsf] cfng ul/G5 . ef/tn]
s]lx g]tfxnfO{ cgfjZos tyf
pknlAw lxg ;Nnfx lbg] sfo{ u/]sf]n]
/fli6o ;xdtLdf x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf
k|lt z+sfsf] jftfj/0f jgfpFb} hfFbf
ef/tsf] jr{Zj eGbf dfcf]jfbL
zlQmsf] /fhgLlt jr{Zj a9g uO{
ef/tn] s/0f ;LFx dfkm{t )^# j}zfv
!! sf] nf]stGq k'g:yfkgf ug{ /fhf
1fg] G b| ; + u ul/Psf /fhgLlts
;Demf}tfnfO{ cf]emndf kf/Lof] .
/fhgLlts bnxn] /fh;F:yfsf]
/fhgLlts k|efjsf] dxTjsf ljifodf
gsf/fTds k| e fj kf/] / ;Qfdf
ef/tLo :jfy{df clek|l] /t sfo{ ugf{n]
l5d] s L d' n ' s rLgsf] ;d] t
/fhgLlts j[Qdf rf;f] / lrGtf j9g
uPsf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf bnfn
ky /fhgLlt ug]{ g]tfxsf] sf/0f
gj pklgj] z jfbsf] kIfkf] i f0fn]
g]kfnsf] /fli6otf tyf :jflwgtf
vt/fdf k/]sf] tyf rLg lj/f]lw
ultljwLnfO{ kIfkf]if0f u/]sf] tYo
phfu/ x'Fb} uO{/x]sf] 5 . o:tf
s[ofsnfkn] lrgnfO{ cfqmf]l;t
jgfpg] sfo{ x'Fb} cfO{/x]sf] 5 . rLg
lj/f]lw ultljlw df}nfpFb} uO{/x]sf
cj:yfdf rLgsf] cfGtl/s ;'/Iffdf
vt/fsf] ;+st] b]vfk/]sf] x'bF f g]kfndf
jflx/L cgfjZos x:tIf]k / g]kfnsf]
;fj{ef}d tyf :jfwLgtf dfly g}

cfqmd0f x'g] vt/f /x]sf]n] g]kfnnfO{

c;n ldq/fi6 rLgn] ;xof]uLsf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf
ePsf] ljZn]if0f x'b} cfPsf]] 5 .
g]kfndf /fhgLlts cl:y/tfsf
sf/0f t]>f] zlQmsf] x:tIf]ksf/L
e"ldsf u/]sf sf/0f l5d]sL d'n's
rLgsf] cfGtl/s ;'/Iffdf k'Ug ;Sg]
bvnn] ;z+lst /xg uPsf] dxz';
u/L cfkmgf] e"ldsf j9fpg yfn]sf]
5 . rLlgofF g]tT[ jsf] pRr :tl/o
e|d0fn] g]kfnnfO{ h:tf] ;'s} ;xof]u
ug{ tof/ /x]sf] egfO{ k|lt g]kfnsf]
s'6gLltdf pQ/sf] ;xof]u /xg'
;sf/fTds s'/f xf] . hjfx/nfn
g]xsf] ;dodf ef/tsf] ;+;bdf
g]kfnsf] ljifodf ul/Psf] ulDe/
k|:tfjnfO{ rLgsf] k|ltjfbsf sf/0f
g]kfnsf]] ;fj{ef}d :jflwgtf tyf
/fli6otf /Iff ug{ ljz]if e"ldsf
lgjf{x ul/Psf] sbd :jfut of]Uo
lyof] . cfhsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn /
rLg /fi6n] klZrdf b]zsf] k|efjjf6
aRgsf nflu Pscfk;df ljZjf;sf]
jftfj/0f jgfpFb} ljlwsf] zf;g
:yfkgf ug{ hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/
hgtfdf lglxt ug{sf nflu /fi6jfbL,
nf]stflGqs, jfdkGyL zlQm ;Fusf]
ldng ljGb' klxNofO{ cuf8L a9g
cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . o;}nfO{
dWogh/ ub}{ g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf
glhsjf6 lgofF l n/x] s f /fhf
1fg]Gb|af6 klg lgif]w tyf ;t{sf]
/fhgLlt 5fl8 ;j} n fO{ ;d] 6 ] /
hgtfsf] efjgf jdf]lhd /fhgLlts
lgsf; lgsfNg lbO{Psf] ;'emfj ;do
;fk]If tyf :jfut of]Uo b]lvPsf]
5 . ef/tsf] k|efjdf k/]/ rf/bnsf]
l;l08s]6 dfkm{t jg]sf] c;+a}wflgs
@% j'b] afwf c8sfp km'sfp4f/f
nf]stflGqs tyf ljlwsf] zf;g kIfw/
g] s kfdfcf] j fbL tyf /fi6 j fbL
zlQmnfO{ lgif]w ul/Psf] / ljleGg
;t{ v8f u/L ult/f]wnfO{ nDJofpg]
k|oTgn] b]zdf b'36{ gf lgDTofpg ;Sg]
;+efjgf ePsf]n] b]zsf] jt{dfg
;+s6sf] 3l8df ;a} zlQmxsf]
Pstf ;xsfo{ / ;x cl:tTjjf6 dfq
/fli6otf tyf :jflwgtfsf] /Iff ug{
Psh'6 x'g cfjZos /x]sf] 5 .
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nf]stflGqs bnsf dxf;lrj x'g ._
k|ltlqmofsf] nflu

email: adhyatmayog@hotmail.com

>d ug{ ljb]ztkm{ hfbf tTsfn

kmfObf eP klg bL3{sfnLgkdf
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enf] 5 .

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ug]{ sDkgL PnhLn] ks]6df af]s/] lxF8g\
ldNg] kmf]6f] lk|G6/ ;fa{hlgs u/]sf]
5 . sDkgLn] ;lhn} uf]hLdf af]s/]
lxF8g\ ldNg] tyf !% ;]sG] 8 leq kmf]6f]
lk|G6 ug{ ;Sg] ;fgf] kmf]6f] lk|G6/
;fa{hlgs u/]sf] xf] . PnhLn] o;df
An'6y' Pj+ PgPkm;L -lgo/ lkmN8
6]Sgf]nf]hL_ lbPsfn] Nofk6k, df]afOn
jf cGo l8efO;df sg]S6 u/]/ ;lhn}
kmf]6f] lk|G6 ug{ ldN5 . o;sf] d"No !#
xhf/ % ;o ef? cyf{t @! xhf/ ^
;o tf]lsPsf] 5 . of] ;fgf] kmf]6f] lk|G6/df
lh+s -lh/f] O+s k]k/_ sf] k|of]u x'g5
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h'g k]k/sf] ;fOh %)&^ lddL x'G5 .
o;nfO{ rfh{ ug{ ldNg] ePsfn] ljB't\
;]jf pknAw gePsf] 7fpFdf klg o;n]

sfd ug]5
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ldNg]5 . lk|G6 Ol~hg o;df /]Ho'nz
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tyf clwstd !))) lk|G6 lgsfNg
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cfOcf]P; df]afOn, cfOcf]P; Kof8,
PG8fo] 8 kmf]gdf An'6y' / PgPkm;Lsf]
dfWodaf6 sg]S6 ug{ ;lsG5 . PnhLsf]
kmf]6f] lk|G6/sf] tf}n @!@ u|fd 5 .
8fOd]zg &@=$ x !@)=( x @$=)
lddL 5 . ljBo't\ cf};t !%=(! jf6
b]lv #$=$( jf6 . Aofl6lnkf]lnd/
%)) mAh Ifdtfsf] Aof6L 5 . h'g
!M#) 306fdf k'mn rfh{ x'g] sDkgLn]
hgfPsf] 5 . Ph]G;L

g] k fn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu

/fatOfc t]u ^ gpf; nf; )&)@

ko{6g ljz]if
ko{6s :jfutf/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ cnkq
;f]n'v'Da' . ko{6g jif{ ;g\ @)!! nfO{ nlIft u/L kmfKn' ljdfg:yn
glhs agfpg yflnPsf] :jfutf/ cnkq h:t} ag]sf] 5 . lj;+ @)^*
sf] r}t d;fGtleq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;Sg] u/L ;f]xL ;fn sflQs ! ut]
lgdf{0fsf nflu ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;dodf sfd gePkl5 Dofb yk
u/L @)^( ;fn c;f/ d;fGtdf lgdf{0f ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] eP klg
clxn] klg lgdf{0f sfo{ cnkq ag]sf] 5 . $( nfv %$ xhf/ ! ;o #!
k}ofFdf ;DkGg ug]{ u/L lgdf{0f ;'? ul/Psf] ;f] f/sf nflu lhlj;n] @@
nfv k}ofF lgsf;f ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;f] f/sf nflu lhlj;n] @$ nfv *)
xhf/ k}ofF ljlgof]hg u/]sf] lyof] . snfTds / eJo f/ agfP/ ko{6g
jif{ @)!! df ;b/d'sfddf ljz]if sfo{qmd ug]{ egL lhlj;;lxt ;j{bnLo
a}7sn] @)^& ;fn df3 & ut] lg0f{oo u/]sf] eP klg u]6 aGg g;Sbf
Tof] ;kgf cem} k"/f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{nosf k|d'v
d'lSt e/fO{ pkef]Stf ;ldltn] l9nfO u/]sf sf/0f ;dodf sfd ;DkGg
gePsf] atfpF5g\ . sfd ;dodf ;Sgsf nflu k6sk6s kq n]vs
] f] eP
klg sfd gePsf] e/fO{n] atfpg'eof] . f/ lgdf{0fsf nflu kmfKn'sf g'?
nfdf cWoIf / pgs} alxgL Nx]dL z]kf{ ;lrj /x]sf] ;ft ;b:oLo lgdf{0f
;ldlt /x]sf] 5 . t/ clxn];Dd @@ nfv k}ofF nlu;Sbf klg ;ldltn]
s]xL k|ltzt dfq sfd u/]sf] k|fljlwsxsf] 7x/ 5 . lgdf{0f ;ldltsf
cWoIf nfdf eg] jiff{t\ tyf ;fdfg 9'jfgLdf ;d:of ePsf sf/0f ;dodf
f/ lgdf{0f gePsf] atfpg'x'G5 . kmfKn' k'Ug] hf]sf]xLn] klg u]6 lgdf{0f
sfo{df ePsf] l9nf;':tLnfO{ clgoldttfsf] k/fsfi7f eGg] u/]sf 5g\ .

ah]6 ko{6gd}qL M xfg

sf7df8f}F . rfn' cfasf] ah]6 ko{6g d}qL ePsf] eGb} xf]6n

Joj;foLxn] :jfut u/]sf 5g\ . ah]6df ko{6g ljsf;sf ;s/fTds
kIfxnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] Joj;foLxsf] 7DofO 5 . jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ko{6g
If]qsf] ljsf;nfO{ uDeL/tfk"js
{ lnPsf] cfk"mn] dx;'; xf]6n ;+3 g]kfn xfg_ n] hgfPsf] 5 . o; k6ssf] ah]6df ;/sf/n] cf]em]ndf k/]sf
ko{6sLo If]qxsf] ljsf;df ;d]t rf;f] b]vfPsf] xfgsf] lgisif{ 5 .
;/sf/n] ko{6sxsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug{ ko{6gsf] Jofks ;'b[9Ls/0f /
k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmddf laz]if hf]8 lbg] ePsf] 5 . ah]6df ul/Psf
Joj:yfx -!_ ;/sf/n] ah]6df kz'klt ljsf; If]q / n'lDagL ljsf;
If]qnfO{ k|d'v k|fyldstf k|fKt kl/of]hgfdf /fv]sf] 5 . -@_ If]qLo :t/sf
e}/xjfsf] uf}td a'4 ljdfg:yn / af/fsf] lghu9 cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn
lgdf{0f ug{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ePsf] 5 .
-#_ g]kfnnfO{ cfsif{0f / ;'/lIft ko{6sLo uGtJo:ynsf] kdf lj:tf/
ul/g] ePsf] 5 . -$_ b]zsf ljleGg :yfgxdf ljdfg:ynsf] ;DefJotf
cWoog, lgdf{0f, :t/f]Gglt / hUuf clwu|x0fsf nflu Ps ca{ *! s/f]8
k}ofF ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . -%_ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yndf xjfO{
p8fg ;'/Iff clej[l4 ug{ gofF /f8f/nufotsf cGo cTofw'lgs k|0ffnL
h8fg ul/g] ;/sf/n] atfPsf] 5 . -^_ cfGtl/s ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{g ug{
k|yd r/0fdf gfkmfdf ;~rflnt ;a} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx / s tyf v
ju{sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LxnfO{ jif{sf] & lbg
clgjfo{ ko{6sLo e|d0fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . -&_ k'/ftflTjs b[li6sf]0fn]
dxTjk"0f{ wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts :ynx Ko"7fg, ;'v]{tsf] sfFqm]ljxf/,
kfNkfsf] e}/j:yfg tyf Clifs]z, ;'g;/Lsf] j/fxIf]q, u'NdLsf] /];'f,
wg'iffwfd, b]j3f6 / vf]6fsf] xn];L dxfb]jsf] hL0ff]4{ f{/, ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf
nflu !# s/f]8 k}ofF ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . -*_ d':tf lhNnfsf]
nf]df\yfnfO{ ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t ug{ k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{
cufl8 a9fOg] ePsf] 5 . -(_ P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s / k'/ftflTjs ;Dkbfx
Pj+ ljleGg hfthflt / efiffefifLxsf] klxrfg emlNsg] snf, ;+:s[lt,
;Lk / ;fdu|Lxsf] vf]h, ;+/If0f Pj+ k|j4{g / ;+ux| fnoxsf] ;'b9[ Ls/0fsf
nflu $# s/f]8 k}ofF ah]6 lalgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . -!)_ cfufdL
cfly{s jif{ cd"t{ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfxsf] lhNnfut k|f]kmfOn tof/Lsf]
sfo{ ;'? ul/g], efiff, ;flxTo snf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g Pj+ k|j4{gsf
nflu cfufdL cfly{s jif{df yk nufgL ug{] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . To;f] t
xfgn] ko{6g If]qsf] jt{dfg uDeL/ cj:yfsf] ;'wf/sf nflu ;/sf/n]
ljz]if /fxt sfo{qmd Nofpg g;s]sf]df u'gf;f] kf]vs
] f] 5 . ko{6g pBf]unfO{
cGo pBf]u;/x lah'nL dx;'n tf]Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf ;/sf/n] gu/]sf] Joj;foLsf]
u'gf;f] 5 . To:t}, xf]6nxdf s/ gnfUg] s[lifhGo j:t'xsf] k|of]u a9L
x'g] x'Fbf ;/b/ tLg k|ltzt Eof6 /sd lkmtf{ lbg'kg]{ Joj;foLsf] dfu
ah]6n] ;Daf]wg gu/]sf] pgLxn] atfPsf 5g\ .

ljZjd} b'n{e rL/ e]l6of]

sf7df8f}F . /f/f /fli6o lgs'~h If]qdf ljZjd} clt b'n{e dflgg] kIfL
rL/ e]l6Psf] 5 . g]kfn, ef/t / kfls:tfgdf dfq kfOg] rL/ gfdsf] r/f
;f] lgs'~h If]qdf sl/a ## j6f /x]sf] lgs'~hn] hgfPsf] 5 . jGohGt'
;+/If0f P]gcGtu{t /x]/ o;sf] ;+/If0f sfo{ tLjkdf yflnPsf] lgs'~hsf
sfd' ;+/If0f clws[t ef]uG] b| /fodfemLn] hfgsf/L lbP . clws[t /fodfemLsf
cg';f/ o; b'n{e kIfLsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx tyf
krf{ kDKn]6af6 Jofks k|rf/k|;f/ eO/x]sf] 5 . rL/ g]kfnsf] cGgk"0f{
;+/If0f If]q, 9f]/kf6g l;sf/ cf/If, / clkgfDkf ;+/If0f If]qdf kfOG5 .
clxn] g]kfndf @&@ k|hfltsf r/f, %! k|hfltsf :tgwf/L / Ps xhf/
@$ k|hfltsf jg:klt kfOG5g\ . rL/ ;+/If0fsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf
lgsfoxn] rf;f] b]vfpg'sf] ;fy} o; cleofgnfO{ b|"tultdf cufl8
a9fO/x]sf] 5 . o;}aLr, /f/f tfndf df5f dfg{ uPsf b'O{ hgfnfO{ lgs'~hdf
/x]sf] b'uf{ ehg u'Nd x'6' d'un
' ] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . utc;f/ !@ ut]
;dfltPsf b'O{ hgfdWo] >Lgu/& tlnt'd a:g] wgaxfb'/ /fjn / lkgf#
l;u8L a:g] kbdaxfb'/ lj6fn' /x]sf 5g\ . rf]/L l;sf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/jfbL
eP/ ltgLxsf] s;'/sf] dfqfnfO{ x]/L ? !) xhf/;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'O{
jif{;Ddsf] s}b jf b'j} ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] /f/f /fli6o lgs'~hsf
jGohGt' ;+/If0f clws[t ef]uG] b| /fodfemLn] hfgsf/L lbP . clxn] /f/f
tfndf kfOg] tLg k|hfltsf df5fdWo] l;hf] yf]ofS; / /f/f PlG;; /f/fdf
dfq} kfOG5 t/ g]kfn]lG;; / l;hf]yf]ofS; Dofqmf]kyfNdf]; hftsf] df5f
g]kfnsf] cGoq gbLdf kfOg] sfd' ;+/If0f clws[t /fodfemLn] atfP .

/fatOfc t]u ^ gpf; nf; )&)@

g]N;g d08]nfsf] hLjgsyf

blIf0f clk|msfsf k"j{/fi6klt

g]Nzg d08]nfsf] xfn} (% cf}F
hGdlbg tyf cGt/f{li6o g]Nzg
d08]nf lbj;sf cj;/df ljZje/
ljleGg sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] 5 .
g]Nzg d08]nfsf] hGdlbgnfO{ g]Nzg
d08]nf cGt/f{li6o lbj;sf kdf
klg dgfpg] ul/Psf] 5 . lk|6f]l/ofsf]
c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO/x] s f
d08]nfsf] hGdlbgsf] cj;/df pgsf]
;Ddfgdf blIf0f clk|msf / ljZjsf
w]/} 7fpFdf ljz]if sfo{qmd cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] 5 . h' g * tfl/vdf
kmf]S;f]sf] ;+qmd0fsf sf/0f c:ktfn
egf{ ul/Psf d08]nfsf] cj:yf
uDeL/ t/ l:y/ /x]sf] lrlsT;sx?n]
atfPsf 5g\ . ;+o'St /fi6;+3sf
dxf;lrj afg sL d'gn] d08]nfnfO{
z'esfdgf lbFb} d08]nfsf] ;fj{hlgs
;]jfdf ^& jif]{ of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{
sDtLdf klg ^& ldg]6 ;d'bfosf]
;]jfdf vr{ ug{ clkn u/]sf lyP .
of] g} dfgjtfsf] pRrtd d"Nosf
k|tLs, c;fwf/0f JolStTjk|lt ;Rrf
>4f x'g] afgsf] egfO 5 . blIf0f
clk|msfsf k"j{/fi6klt tyf /+ue]b
lj/f]wL g]tfsf] b]zsf nflu ^& jif{sf]
of]ubfgnfO{ :d/0f ub}{ blIf0f clk|msL
:jo+ ; ] j sx?n] ljBfno /
cgfyfnox?sf] dd{t, c:ktfnsf]
;/;kmfO, ul/anfO{ vfgf ljt/0f
h:tf sfddf ^& ldg]6 vr{ u/]sf
lyP . blIf0f clk|msfsf] 6fG:sL If]qdf
pdf6f6f gfdsf] Pp6f ufp" 5 . of]
b]zsf d'Vo afl;Gbf, cnucnu
sljnf -ufp"_ 6]Da' gfdn] lrlgG5
blIf0f clk|msfsf] 6fG:sL If]qdf
pdf6f6f gfdsf] Pp6f ufp" 5 . of]
b]zsf d'Vo afl;Gbf, cnucnu
sljnf -ufp"_ 6]Da' gfdn] lrlgG5 .
o; ztfAbLsf] ;'?df 6]Da' sljnfsf
;/bf/ lyP x]g/L g]n;g d08]nfsf
lktf . pgsf rf/ kTgLx? lyP .
logLx?dWo] Pp6Lsf] sf]vaf6 !*
h"nfO{ !(!* df g]n;g /f]nxnfxnf
d08]nfsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . blIf0f
clk|msfdf o"/f]kaf6 uPsf yf]/}
;+Vofdf /x]sf Zj]tx?sf] clwsf/ 5,
pgLx? g} Toxf"sf d"n lgjf;Lx? cflbjf;L_ dfly zf;g uy]{ . km]l/
klg Pscfk;df sljnfx?sf]
Joj:yfcg';f/ x]g/L cfgf sljnf
hfltaLr d'Vo JolSt lyP . cfgf
sljnfdf pgnfO{ /fhfnfO{ h:t}
;Ddfg k| f Kt x' g ] ub{ Y of] . of]
b[li6sf]0faf6 d08]nfsf] hGd Pp6f
/fh;L kl/jf/df ePsf] lyof] . rfx]
of] leGg tYo lsg gxf];\, Toxf"sf
sljnfx?sf /fhfx?sf dxf/fh Zj]t
x'g\, h;n] cfk"mnfO{ Zj]t ePsf]df
3d08 uy{] . 6]Da' lgjf;L sljnfsf
;/bf/ x]g/Lsf 5f]/f d08]nfsf]
afNosfn k/Dk/fut kdf Pp6f
;fwf/0f afnssf] h:t} laTof] .
sljnfx?sf c? afnssf] h:t} pgL
cfgf] afNofj:yfdf e]8fafv|f
r/fpg] / v]t hf]Tg] sfd ug{] uy]{ .
cfgf] df6f]sf] cyf{t\ hGde"ldsf] of]
u7aGwg g} eljiosf] h' e mf?
d08]nfnfO{ cfwf/ tyf k|/] 0ffsf] >f]t
aGof] . sljnfx?sf] ;Lldt
b[li6sf]0fleq /x]/ g]n;g d08]nfsf]
k|f/lDes afNosfn lat]sf] lyof] .
pgn] rfx]sf eP ;'v / cf/fdsf]
hLjg latfP/ a:g ;Sby] t/ pgn]
o:tf] u/]gg\ . pgsf] efUo t ;w}F
;+3if{zLn gfos -o'uk'?if_ ag]/ a:g]
lyof] . g]N;g d08]nfsf] a'afsf]
ljrf/ cfgf] z] i fkl5 5f] / f
sljnfx?sf] d'lvof agf];\ / cfgf]
k/Dk/fut kn] hLjg latfcf];\
eGg] lyof] . pgsf a'afn] cfgf] OR5f
d08]nf;fd' /fv] t/ pgn] of] s'/fnfO{
:jLsf/ u/]gg\ . pN6f] cfgf] a'afnfO{
pQ/ lbP M tkfO{ 6] D a' a f;L

sljnfx?sf] ;/bf/ x'g'x'G5 t/ klg

tkfO{ Zj]t -uf]/f_ ;/sf/sf] clwgdf
x'gx' G' 5, tkfO{sf] of] u'nfdsf] clwsf/
dnfO{ rflxFbg} , d of] u'nfdL -csf{sf]
cwLgdf a:g]_ s'/fnfO{ ;dfKt ug{
rfxG5' / Ps :jfwLg / :jtGq blIf0f
clk|msfsf] lgdf{0f u5{', h'g 7fp"df
sfnf / uf]/faLr ;dfg cj:yf /
Jojxf/ xf];\ . of] 36gf d08]nfsf]
hLjgdf jfx| jif{sf] pd]/eGbf klxn]
g} 36]sf] lyof] . !(#) df pgsf]
a'afsf] b]xj;fg eof] . Pp6f afnssf]
d'vaf6 o:tf] s'/f ;'g]/ pgsf
lktfnfO{ cfZro{nfu]sf] lyof] xf]nf
t/ pgn] of] s'/fnfO{ ljz]if dxTj
lbPgg\ . o;nfO{ d08]nfsf] a'afn]
afNosfnsf] rGrntf dfq ;lDemP .
;g\ !(#) df a'afsf] b]xfj;fg
d08]nfsf nflu 7"nf] rf]6 lyof] .
afa'sf] d'To' x'"bf d08]nf !@ jif{sf
lyP . sljnfx?sf] ;/bf/ aGg pgn]
klxn] g} c:jLsf/ ul/;s]sf lyP .
o;sf/0f ;atf 8]lng 8\oaf] nfO{
sljnfsf gof" d'lvof agfOof], ltgL
g} d08]nfsf cleefjs lyP . pgsf]
cltl/St sh/ dftlGhdf -h'g kl5
uP/ 6fG;sLsf] d'Vo dGqL ag]_ n]
klg d08]nfsf] kfngkf]if0fdf dxTjk"0f{
e" l dsf v] n ] . sljnfx?sf]
k/Dk/fcg' ; f/ oL b' j } ;jftf
8]lnGpo'jf] / s}h/dfltGhf d08]nfsf
elthfx? lyP .
d08] n fsf] k| f /lDes lzIff
M 6]Da', sljnfx?df lzIffsf] s'g}
dxTj lbO"b}gYof] g t pgLdf g}
lzIffk|lt ?rL lyof], g o;sf nflu
s'g} Joj:yf ul/of] . d08]nfsf a'af
x]g/L sljnfsf ;/bf/ eP/ klg
slxNo} :s'n uPgg\, g t pgsf s'g}
kTgLx?n] :s'nsf] d'v b]v]sf lyP .
o:tf] kl/j]zdf d08]nfsf nflu
plrt lzIffsf] Joj:yfsf] sNkgf ug{
;lsFb}gYof] . km]l/ klg d08]nfdf
lzIffk|lt nugzLntf lyof] . pgsf]
;do;Dd ;fdflhs dfGotfdf klg
s]xL kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] lyof] .
d08]nf sljnfx?sf nflu ag]sf]
d]yf]l8:6 :s'ndf k9\g yfn] . d08]nf
k9fOk|lt w]/} ;ts{ lyP . pgn]
kl/>d u/]/ cWoog u/] . k|f/lDes
lzIff k|fKt u/]kl5 !(#* df pgn]
kmf]6{ kmf]6f{ /] ljZjljBfnodf k|jz
]
kfP . pgn] k9\bfk9\b} jlsn aGg]
;kgf b]Vg yfn] . t/ kl/l:ylt o:tf]
aGof] ls To; ;do pgn] laP kf;
ug{ ;s] s f lyPgg\ . kmf] 6 { k mf/]
ljZjljBfnodf d08]nf cf]lna/
6fDaf]sf] ;Dks{df cfP clg oxL"af6
b'a}df ldqtfsf] k|f/De eof] . oxf"
ljBfyL{n] k|ltlglw;efsf] alxisf/
u/]sfn] d08]nf, cf]lnaf/ 6fDaf]x?
ljZjljBfnoaf6 lgisflzt eP .
lgisflzt ePkl5 pgL cfgf] 3/
6fG;sL kmls{P/ cfP . Toxf" uPkl5
pgsf] Wofg sljnfx?sf] ;fdflhs,
/fhgLlts ;d:ofdf uof] . pgL
cfgf] ;dfhsf] pTyfgsf lgldQ s]xL
ug{ rfxGy] t/ kl/l:yltn] pgnfO{
6fG:sL klg 5f]8\g'kg]{ afWotfdf
k'ofOlbof] . lsgls 3/sf dflg;n]
pgsf] ljjfx ul/lbg rfx]sf lyP .
ljjfxsf] tof/L ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof]
t/ d08]nf o;sf] lj/f]wdf lyP . d
clxn] g} u[x:yL hLjgdf af"lwP eg]
g ;fdflhs sfo{df Wofg lbg ;S5'
g t cfgf] cWoog g} cl3 a9fpg
;S5' eGg] ;f] r ] / kl/jf/sf]
c;xdltsf afah' b pgL
h]xfG;au{df uP . Toxf" uPkl5
kqfrf/af6 aLPsf] k9fO ;'? u/] .
vr{ lgsfNgsf lgldQ gf]s/Lsf]
vf]hLdf nfu] . To;sf] s]xL ;dokl5
pgn] qmfpgsf] uf]bfddf n]vfkfnsf]
gf]s/L kfP . o;af6 pgn] w]/} ;'ljwf
k'Uof] clg !($! df aLPsf] k/LIff

pQL0f{ u/] . qmfpgdfOgdf pgnfO{

c:yfoL n]vfkfnsf] kdf lgo'lSt
ul/Psf] lyof] . pgnfO{ s'g} kb vfnL
eof] eg] :yfoL lgo' l St ul/g]
cfZjf;g klg lbOPsf] lyof] . t/
s]xL ;dokl5 pgn] gf]s/L 5f]l8lbP .
kl5 Ps jif{;Dd cs}{ kmd{df P:6]6
Ph]G6sf] kdf sfd ug{ yfn],
h;df pgnfO{ b'O{ kf}08 tna tyf
sldzg k|fKt x'GYof] . cfgf oL
lbgnfO{ d08]nfn] hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf
w]/} si6do lbg dfg]sf lyP . aLP
pQL0f{ k l5 pgL h] x fG;ju{ s f]
lj6/f;/]oG8 ljZjljBfnodf sfg'g
ljifosf] cWoog ug{ nfu] . ;fy}
gf]s/L klg ug{ nfu] . o:6]6 Ph]06sf]
gf]s/L 5f]8]kl5 !($@ df csf{
;+:+ yfdf lgo'lSt eP . of] ;+:yf -kmd{sf
tLghgf dflns lyP_ lj6lsg,
l;8N;sL / O{8nd}g . oL tLgdWo]
pgL l;8N;sLaf6 a9L k|efljt lyP .
of] ;+:+ yfdf k|jz
] u/]sf] klxnf] lbgsf]
cg'ejnfO{ d08]nfn] cfgf] hLjgsf]
cljid/0fLo 36gf dfg]sf 5g\ . pgL
eG5g\, sfof{nodf d]/f] sfdsf] klxnf]
lbg jl/i7 Zj]t 6fOlki6n] dl;t eg]
g]N;g x]/ oxf" xfdL /+ue]bnfO{
dfGb}gf}, ha lrof Nofpg] s]6fn] lrof
Nofp"5, ta cfpm 6a] f6 cfgf] sk
p7fpm . xfdLn] ltdL / uf}8/]8fOs /
c? cZj]t clk|msg sd{rf/Lsf nflu
b'Oj{ 6f gof" sk dufPsf 5f}, ltdL
o;nfO{ k|of]u u/ cyf{t\ rng
ug{k' 5{ . o; ljifodf uf}/nfO{ elglbg'
t/ p;af6 eg] ;ts{ /xg' g]n;g .
p;"u ldn]/ ltdLnfO{ s'g} kmfObf 5}g
jf x'b" g} . d}n] /fd|f;
] u" uf}8nfO{ eg]
t/ uf}8sf] o:tf] pQ/ lyof] d x]/f}n
F f,
h:tf] d u5{, To:t} u/ . ha lrof
cfof] ta uf}8n] gof" sknfO{ alxisf/
ul/lbP clg Pp6f k'/fgf] sknfO{
p7fP . d pl;t jf jl/i7
6fOlki6l;t ljjfb ug{ rfx"bg} lyP",
o;sf/0f d}n] slt dlxgf;Dd lrof
lkOg . s]xL ;dokl5 Pp6L gof"
6fOlk:6 cfO{ . p;n] sfd gePsf]
;dodf d;"u sfdsf] ljifodf ;f]Wg]
ub{lyO{ . Pslbg ha d}n] p;nfO{
l8S6]6/ ul//x]sf] lyP", To;} ;dodf
Pp6f Zj]t u|fxs cfof] . To;nfO{ b]v/]
xfd|f] 6fOlk:6sf] cg'xf/df :ki6 kn]
Jofs'ntfsf] emns b]lvof] . p;n] o:tf]
efj b]vfO{ ls s;}n] of] ga'emf];\ . p
d]/f] cwLgdf sfd ul//x]sL 5] . p;n]
cfgf] k;{;fgf] Tofu_ af6 k};f
lgsfn]/ lbO / egL g]n;g s[kof
s:d]l6s k;n uP/ d]/f nflu s]xL
;]Dk' lnP/ cfp . h]xfG;ju{df d08]nf
jfN6/ l;;n'sf] ;Dks{df cfP, h'g
uf]bfd / km}S6Lx?df sfd ug{ :jLs[t
ul/;s]sf lyP . pgn] klg cfg}
ana'Qfdf cWoog u/]sf lyP clg
pgL cWofox?sf] s/ lj/f]wL lyP .
jf:tjdf pgn] g} d08]nfnfO{ sfg'gsf]
cWoog ug{ k/fdz{ lbPsf lyP . of]
g} d08]nfnfO{ klxnf] k6s cfgf] k|ToIf
cg'ej ePsf] lyof] uf]/f / sfnfx?sf
aLrdf slt e]befj lyof] / 5 . ljz]if
u/]/ u|fdL0f If]qdf a:g] cZj]t -sfnf_
x?sf] l:ylt c? klg bogLo cj:yfdf
lyof] . pgLx?nfO{ k|To]s s'/fdf
csf/0f g} Zj]tx?af6 k6sk6s
ckdflgt x'g k/]sf] lyof], cg]s
cdfgjLo oftgf / b'Mvsi6 ef]Ug'k/]sf]
lyof] . ljgL;"usf] ljjfx g]n;g d08]nf
hLjgsf] dWo ;+3if{sf] /tf/df
lxFl8/x]sf lyP . o;} ;dodf pgL Pp6L
g;{sf] ;Dks{df cfP, hf] ;fdflhs
sfo{ uly{g\ . pgsf] gfd lyof],
lagLgf]dhfdf] dflblsn]hf . k'ln;f/f
;dfltg'eGbf s]xL lbg klxn] ha
d08]nf h]xfG;ju{df Pp6f k;ndf
s]xL vfB ;fdu|L lslg/x]sf lyP,
cf]lnj/ 6fDaf] klg pgsf] ;fydf
lyP, To; avt ljgL oxf" cfPsL

lyOg\ . d08]nf;"u, ljgLsf] klxn]bl] v

g} ;fdfGo kdf kl/ro ePsf] lyof],
To; ;dodf pgL o'jtL g} lyOg\ .
pgL w]/} /fd|L / ;hLj k|ltdf h:tL
nflUyOg\ . d08]nfn] 6fDaf];u" eg],
cf] l ne/ x] / t oL s] 6 L ha
jf/fujfgfy clk|msg c:ktfndf
k|yd cZj]t d]l8sn ;f]zn js{/
ag]sL lyOg\, ta s'g} klqsfdf logsf]
lrq 5flkPsf] lyof] . of] kl/ro s]xL
lbgdf g} ldqtfdf ablnof] . d08]nfn],
ljgLnfO{ b]zsf] cg]s If]qdf e|d0f

ug{] k/fdz{ lbP, h;af6 pgn]

cZj]tx?sf] bogLo cj:yfnfO{ k|ToIf
kdf b]Vg ;s"g\, o;sf/0f b'j}
Ps};fy 3'Dg lglSnP . b'jn
} ] b]zb|fx] Lsf]
cleo'St nfu]sfx?sf] ;xof]usf lglDt
vf]lnPsf] sf]ifsf nflu rGbf klg hDdf
ug{ nfu] . ljgLn] o:tf] cg'ej ul/lGs
pgn] h:t} d08]nfn] klg ufp"sf] zfGt
jftfj/0f, gbL / jgh+un;"u dfof
ub{5g\ . pgLx? b'js
} f] ;dfg :jfefjn]
Pscsf{nfO{ glhs agfpg ;xof]u
k'ofof] . s]xL lbgsf] ldqtf k|d] df
ab\lnof] . oBlk To; ;dodf d08]nf
rfln; jif{df / ljgL nueu rf}la;
jif{sL lyOg\, tfklg pd]/sf] c;dfgtf
k|d] df afws ag]g . pgLx? ljjfxsf]
k|d] aGwgdf af"lwg] lg0f{oo u/] . ljgLsf
a'af sf]nDj; dflblsn]hf Pp6f
:s'ndf k|fwfgfrfo{ eO;s]sf lyP .
ljgLn] pgnfO{ d08]nfsf] ;fydf ljjfx
ug]{ ljifodf atfOg\ t/ pgn] o;sf]
lg0f{o eg] lnO;s]sL lyOg\ . o;af6
pgnfO{ k|;Ggtf / lvGgtf b'j} eof] .
d08]nf Pp6f Vofltk|fKt / ;Ddflgt
JolSt ePsf]n] v'zL lyof] eg] lrGtfsf]
sf/0f of] lyof] ls pgL klxn] g}
ljjflxt lyP . Toltdfq xf]Og,
klxn]sL kTgLaf6 hlGdPsf tLgj6f
aRrf klg lyP, h'g em08} ljgLsf]
pd]/;"u}sf lyP . oBlk ptflt/
d08]nfn] cfgL klxn]sL kTgL;"u
;DaGwljR5]b ul/;s]sf lyP t/ klg
To; ;dodf cZj]t clk|msL ;dfhdf
eg] ufp" of zx/df xf];,\ 5f]8kq lng'
s'g} /fd|f] dflgFbg} Yof] . o:tf] sfd
ug]n
{ fO{ cfgf] ;dfhdf ljjfbsf] ljifo
aGg'kYof]{ clg ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f
d08]nfdfly b]zb|fx] sf] d'2f rln/x]sf]
lyof] . ljgLsf a'afn] oL ;a} ;d:ofnfO{
pgsf] cufl8 /fv] cyf{t\ cfkm}n
F fO{
cfgf] lg0f{o lng eg] . ljgLnfO{
d08]nfn] alnof] lg0f{o lng] s'/f yfxf
lyof] . clg pgnfO{ ljZjf; klg lyof]
d08]nfn] pgL cfk"mnfO{ k|d] u5{g\ .
o;sf/0f pgn] cfgf] lg0f{o ablngg\,
b'j} ljjfxsf] tof/Ldf nfu] . d08]nfn]
cfgL klxn]sL kTgL;"u 5f]8kq lnP .
h"g !(%) df d08]nfn] cbfntaf6
rf/ lbgsf] 5'L lnPsf lyP clg
ljgLsf] 3/ kf]08f]n08df uP . ToxLF
g} Pp6f ;fwf/0f ;df/f]xdf b'js
} f]
ljjfx eof] . ;dofefjsf sf/0f
d08]nf cfgf] 3/df klg hfg ;s]gg\ .
lnlnog guf]oL pgsf Psdfq o:tf
ldq lyP, h'g of] ljjfx ;df/f]xdf
;lDdlnt ePsf lyP . of] ljjfxsf]
;dodf lktf sf]nDj;n] 5f]/L ljgL;"u
eg] 5f]/L ltdL gla;{ Pp6f JolSt;"u
xf]Og, clkt' ;+3if{;u" ljjfx ul//x]sL
5\of} . oL zAbx?df slt ;Totf
n'ss
] f] lyof], cfpg] ;do g} cfkm}F
o;sf] k|df0f lyof] . labfO ul/;s]kl5
ljgLnfO{ lnP/ d08]nf h]xfG;ju{df

cfP clg cf]/n}08sf] ;fgf] b'Oj{ 6f

sf]7f ePsf] 3/df a:g yfn] . oxf"
pgsf] gof" bfDkTo hLjg ;'? eof] .
of] hLjg ;kmn / ;'vdo /Xof] t/
of] ;'v / ;kmntf ef}lts cy{df
Tolt /fd| f ] b] l vF b } g t/ klg
nIok|flKtsf nflu eg] w]/} g} /fd|f]
/Xof] . s]xL ;dokl5 ljgL g]n;g
d08]nfsf] k"/s algg\ . d08]nf ha
h]ndf lyP, ta ljgL pgsf] dzfnsf]
kdf b]zljb]ze/L p7\b} /lxg\ .
;QfO; jif{;Dd ljgLsf] d08]nf;"u
zf/Ll/s ;Dks{ lyPg, dfq} j}rfl/s
;dfud lyof] . cfbz{ bfDkTosf] clt
sl7g aGwg lyof] . ! cu:t !(%*
b]lv ljb|fx] sf] d'2fdfly jf:tljs kn]
;'gj' fO{ lk|6f]l/ofdf ;'? eof] . oxf" s]xL
lbgb]lv g} n'tn
' L, 6fDaf]h:tf ^%
JolStdfly nufOPsf] b]zbf]x|sf]
cleof]unfO{ lkmtf{ lnOof] t/ d08]nf
/ l;;n'h:tf (! JolStdfly eg] d'2f
rln g} /Xof] . d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{df
pgLx?sf] kIfaf6 jlsnsf] Pp6f
;d"xn] lgu/fgL ul//x]sf] lyof], h;df
k|l;4 jlsn O;/fOn d};n
] l;8g
s]li6h / afXo lkm;/ klg ;lDdlnt
lyP . nueu o;} ;dodf ljgL
d08]nfn] klg clk|msL /fli6o sFu;
]|
dlxnf nLu sf] ;b:otf lnOg\ . o;}
;dodf ljleGg hfltsf c? dlxnfx?
klg o;sf] ;b:o alg/x]sf lyP .
ljgL rf" 8 } g} dlxnf nLusf]
sfo{sfl/0fLdf ;lqmo ;b:o klg
algg\ . o;sf] s]xL lbgkl5 ljgL,
cNjl6{gf l;;n;h:tf ;of}F dlxnfn]
dlxnflj/f]wL sfg'gsf] lj/f]wdf k|bz{g
u/] . sltko dlxnfn] b"w lkO/x]sf
aRrfnfO{ lk7\od" f af]s/] efu lnO/x]sf
lyP . logLx? ;a}nfO{ Ps dlxgfsf]
h] n ;hfosf] b08 lbOof] clg
h]xfG;ju{df /x]sf] h]ndf k7fOof] .
pNn]Vo s'/f s] 5 eg] dlxnfx?sf] of]
k| b z{ g sf] ljifodf ljb] z L
;~rf/dfWofdn] klg k|z:t dxTj
lbPsf lyP . d08]nf cfgL kTgL
ljgLn] u/]sf] of] ;fxl;nf] sfdn] w]/}
k|efljt eP . t/ To;sf] s]xL
dlxgfleq Pp6f o:tf] 36gf 36\of],
h;n] ljgL / pgsf a'afsf aLrdf
slxNo} ;dfKt gx'g] vf8n vlglbof] .
o:tf] eof] ls ;/sf/n] aGt'df Pp6f
k|flws/0f :yfkgf ug{ nfu]sf] lyof]
t/ hgtf o;sf] lj/f]wdf plqg yfn] .
o;nfO{ lj/f]w ug{] s]xL JolSt u'Kt
kdf d08]nf;"u e]6\gsf nflu
kf}08n}08df pgsf] 3/df cfP .
ljgLsf a'afn] ;/sf/sf] kIf lnP/
tL JolStnfO{ ceb| Jojxf/ u/] . o;
36gfn] ljgLnfO{ cfgf a'afk|lt 3[0ff
eof] . ljgLn] cfkm}F n]vs
] f 5g\ ls of]
36gfkl5 afa'5f]/L slxNo} Psbf];f| d] f
cufl8 k/]/ s'/f;Dd klg ePg .
o;kl5 ljgLsf lktf aGt':yfgsf]

s[lifdGqL klg ag] . pgnfO{ of] kb

Toxf"sf] ueg{/ s};/ of]tlHhdfsf]
s[ k fn] k| f Kt ePsf] lyof] , h' g
d08]nfsf sljnf g} lyP . afa'5f]/Lsf]
b"/L ta ;dfKt eof], ha lktfsf]
b]xj;fg eof] . ;g\ !(%( df clk|msL
]| leq s]xL uDeL/ ljjfb
/fli6o sfFu;
p7\of] . d08]nfh:tf jl/i7 g]tfdfly
nfu]sf] k|ltaGwsf] sf/0f sfFu;
]| klxn]
g} lgl:qmo ePsf] lyof] . s]xL :jfyL{
/ tfgfzfxL k|jl[ Qsf JolStx? xndf
cfPsf lyP . jf:tjdf h'g;'s} kf6L{
xf];\, To;nfO{ ljufg'{ eg]sf] 3';k}7
g} xf] . tL JolStx? cfk" m nfO{
clk|msLjfbL eGg] ub{y,] clg o:t}
eGb} lxF8g\ ] ub{lyP Zj]t sDo'lgi6
tyf ef/tLox?n] cfgf] :jfy{ k"/f
ug{ s f nflu cZj] t x?nfO{
em'SofO/x]sf lyP . lgZro g} o:tf]
k|j[lQ cfGbf]ngsf] lgldQ 3fts
lyof] . 6fDaf] / n't'nL klg o:tf]
k|j[lQnfO{ /f]Sg c;dy{ eP . of]
k|ltlqmofjfbL bn sfFu|];af6 5'l6of]
/ o;n] k}g clk|mslgi6 sf+u;
]| lkP;L_ gfdsf] Pp6f ;+u7g agfof] .
o;sf] g]tf ;f]a'Sj] lyP . d08]nf
o; lqmofsnfaf6 clnslt klg
ljrlnt ePgg\ clg ;a};u" cg'/f]w
u/] ls o:tf lbzflxg JolStsf]
nx}nx}df gcfpg'xf];\ . o;} ;do
b]zb|f]xsf] d'2fdf gof" df]8 cfof] .
hgj/L !(%( df arfpg] kIfdf
nfu]sf JolStnfO{ To; ;dodf Pp6f
c? 7"nf] ljho k|fKt eof], ha of]
d'2fsf ^! c? cleo'StnfO{ bf]ifd'Qm
dfg]/ 5f]l8lbP . ^% hgfnfO{ klxn]
g} h]nd'St ul/Psf] lyof] . t/
d08] n f, jfN6/ l;;n' , x] n g
hf] ; ] k mnufot #) hgfnfO{
cleof]uaf6 5'6sf/f ul/Psf] lyPg .
o; dlxgfdf d08]nf / 6fDaf]nfO{
;/sf/L cfb]z eof] ls pgLx? u|'k
Pl/of Ps6cGtu{t cfgf] jsfntsf]
sfof{no d'Vo h]xfG;ju{af6 x6fpg'
tyf ;x/L If]qsf] c? s'g} 7fp"df
jsfnt u?g\ . of] :ki6 5 ls
d08]nfdfly /e]bL ;/sf/sf] of] Pp6f
cf3ft lyof] . of] cfb]zaf6 ;/sf/n]
pgnfO{ jsfnt 5f]8g\ sf nflu afWo
u/fpg rfxGYof] . oxf" a;]/ pgn]
blnt cZj]tx?sf] ;xfotf ul//x]sf
lyP . w]/} sl7gfOaf6 pgLx?n] cfgf]
o; Joj;fosf nflu s]xL 7fp" agfPsf
lyP . o:tf] cj:yfdf sxLF c? 7fp"df
uP/ jsfnt hdfpg ;Sg' c;Dej
h:t} lyof] . o;sf/0f pgn] o;
cfb] z nfO{ dfg] g g\ . kl5 pgL
clk|msfsf ;kmn /fhg]tf ag] . lgs}
nfdf] ;do Tof] b]zsf] /fi6klt ag] .
ltg} g]tf clxn] uDeL/ c:j:ytfsf
sf/0f c:ktfndf 56k6fO/x]sf 5g\ .
pgsf] l:ylt lrGtfhgs /x]sf]
atfOPsf] 5 .

kG5Lx?sf] aw ug]{ tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug]{ k|j[lQ kl/jt{g u/f}+ .

a8{km\ n h:tf kG5LhGo /f]ux?sf] lgoGq0fdf ;xefuL agL,
cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{ klg arfcf}+ .
kG5Lx?sf] aw 3/aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf 6f9f ug]{ u/f}F .
s'v'/f sf6]kl5 e'OF /fd|f];Fu kvfNg], k'5\g] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}F .
aw ul/;s]kl5 s'v'/f tyf sfFrf] df;'sf] n;k;af6 afnaflnsfx?nfO{
6f9} /fvf}F .
df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfn cflbnfO{ hyfefjL gkmfnL
vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}F .
s'v'/f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu
xft w'g] u/f}F .
leqL efu;Dd /fd|f];Fu kfs]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;' dfq vfg] u/f}F .
la/fdL jf d/]sf s'v'/fsf] df;' s'g} klg cj:yfdf vfg] gu/f}F .
c08fsf] leqL;Dd ;fx|f] x'g] cj:yf;Dd pdfn]/ of ksfP/ vfg] u/f}F .

a8{km\ n' /f]usf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0fdf xfdL ;a}sf] k|lta4tf

g]kfn ;/sf/

s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno kz' ;]jf ljefu

Pleog OGk\mn'oGhf lgoGq0f cfof]hgf

a"9fgLns07, sf7df8f},F kmf]gM $^%)!@&, $^%)$(!

/fatOfc t]u ^ gpf; nf; )&)@

;flxTosf] xl/ofnL /fhwfgL aGb} /fhlj/fh====

gGbnfn cfrfo{
;flxTosf] /]lu:yfg 7flgg]] ;Kt/L
lhNnfdf klg k|z:t ;flxTo /x]sf]
5 t/ n]lvPsf] eg] sd} 5 . oxfF
t ;flxlTos v'/fssf] vfgL g} /x]sf]
5 . lsgeg] oxLFsf] efje"lddf
6's6' s
' ' lxF8b\ } b]jG] b| ld>, ef]nf emf,
b]js/0f dfemL, ljqmd>L, wL/s'df/
>]i7, /fh]z ljb|f]xL, s?0ff emf,
ls/0f emf, kfj{tL /fptx dflyNnf]
sf]l6df k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . /fli6o
klxrfg af]s]sf e'jgxl/ sf]O/fnf,
uLtf lg/f}nf, ljgf]b ;'j]bL, d~h'
>]i7, OGb| yfkf, lvnfgfy uf}td,
l8NnL/fd vltj8fh:tf g]kfnL
efiffsf l;4x:t JolQmxn]
;Kt/LnfO{ ;flxToefiffsf b[li6n]
>[ \ u f/k6f/ ul//x] s } 5g\ .
;f\uLts If]qdf dn]7sf ;Tob]j
ofbj, 8f9fsf s' d f/ aAn' ,
a;fgk6\6Lsf jL/]Gb| ;Kt/Lof, z}nG] b|
ljZjsdf{, sNof0fk'/sf dfofgGb
ljZjsdf{ ,
/fhlj/fhsf
/fh]Zj/k|;fb ;fxxn] lhNnfsf] /y
xfFls/x]sf 5g\ . p;f] t kqsfl/tf
hut\af6 Zofd;'Gb/ ofbj, >j0f
b]j, /fh]z emf, j}Bgfy ofbj, ;'wf
b]j, /fh' ljZjsdf{, b]jgf/fo0f
ofbj, lht]Gb| emf lht', clDasf
bfxfn, dfnf s0f{ , gjLg
u' K tfxh:tf bh{ g f} F o' j f
kqsf/xn] hLjg} o;} If]qdf Joltt
ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;f] t lzz'k|;fb
b]jsf]6f, lzjxl/ e6\6/fO{, Jof;z+s/
pkfWofo, a}Bgfy emf, clgns'df/
cgn, d'/nLk|;fb ofbj, ef]nf/d0f
pk|]tL, ;'/]Gb| u'Ktf, wL/]Gb| ;fx,
b]j/fd ofbj, dgf]x/ kf]v/]n, k|sfz
vltj8f, ;lt; bQxh:tf k|f}9
/ cu|h k':tfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] Oltxf;
olQ rfF8f] e'Ng ldNb}g . ltnf7Lsf
;'wfgGb emf, jL/k'/sf b]j]Gb| ld>,
wg/fh sDkgLsf :j= a'w'/nfn
hf]s/, b'uL{nfn ljZjsdf{, ljGbLnfn
ljZjsdf{, ;s/k'/fsf e"if0f l;+x
ej/, dn]vk'/sf dx]Gb| d08n
jgjf/L, zDe'>L, agf}nLsf b]js/0f
dfemL, v'/x'l/ofsf 8f= lzjz+s/
ofbj, Zofd;'Gb/ ofbj, sljnf;fsf
/j]Gb| d8/ /lj, /fhlj/fhsf dLgf
7fs'/, ljBf ld>f ef/tL, :jtGq
ljsf;, uh] G b| dfemL, a| x \ d k' /
df=lj=sf lzIfs ;fu/ jL/ s8f/L,
v'/r'lxofsf /fdb]j rf}w/L chgaL,
czf]s emf ;Gtf]if, dxb]jfsf
;'lhts'df/ /fpt, xg'dfg dfemL,
3f]l3bfxfsf 3'/g rf}w/L, dgf]h
ltjf/L, kjg ;fojfn, d' S tf/
cfndxn] ;d]t lg/Gt/ h;f]
uLtx n]v]/ ;Kt/Lsf] :yfg pRr
t' N ofPsf 5g\ . To;} u/L
/fhlj/fhsL d~h' >]i7, ;fwgf emf,
aRrL ld>f, s?0ff emf, kfj{tL /fpt,
sdnf e+;fnL, ljj]sfgGb emf,
ag}lgofsf cfgGb emf clUgxf]qL
6'x'/], df}jfsf cfo'ifL emf, sdn]z
emf, kgu/sf ef] h /fh /] U dL
dfz] { n L, nIdL l/hfn, elSt
nfld5fg] , s[ i 0f ltldlN;gf,
sljnf;fsf c/ljGbs'df/ ofbj,
lnl6n km\nfj/ df=lj=, /fhlj/fh
df] 8 ] n SofDk; / jN8{ l ehg
SofDk;df lzIf0f/t\ gGbnfn cfrfo{
cflbn] uLt, sljtf, uhn n]vgdf
ljz]if ;lqmotf b]vfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .
/fli6o lrGtgnfO{ ;d]t uDeL/tfsf
;fy cfTd;ft\ ub}{ oxfF ;of}F ;h{sx
leqleq} ba]/ a;]sf] kfPsf] 5' .
lrqsnfsf If] q df eg]
/fhlj/fhsf uf]ljGb cfhfb, e'jg]Zj/
/fpt, xl/k'/sf k|df]bs'df/ lj=s=,
ag/em'nfsf b'uf{gGb rf}w/L, /fdfgGb
rf}w/L, xg'dfggu/sf xl/cf]d d]xt] f,
df]xgk'/sf ho/fd lj=s=, e\ufxfsf
xl/ lj=s= cflbn] ;Kt/L lhNnfsf]
lrqsnf If]qdf uf}/jzfnL :yfg
cf] u 6] s f 5g\ . oL lrqsf/x

Joj;flos cf6{;\ / kmfOg cf6{;\ b'j}

If]qdf ;lqmo 5g\ . tLdWo] klg
xl/k'/sf k|df]bs'df/ lj=s= rflxF kmfOg
cf6{;\ If]qdf cu|:yfgdf 5g\ . To;f]
t k|df]bs'df/ lj=s=, b'uf{gGb rf}w/L,
xl/cf]d d]x]tfx sf7df8f}F l:yt
nlntsnf SofDk; / l;h{gf sn]h
ckm kmfOg cf6{;d\ f cWoog/t\ ;d]t
5g\ . oL lrqsf/xn] g]kfn /
ef/tsf ljleGg :yfgxdf ;f]nf] Psn_ / ;+oS' tkdf lrqsnf k|bz
{ gL
u/fO;s]sf 5g\ . ufF;, jf; /
skf;sf] d'Vo dfWod lrqsfl/tfnfO{
g} agfP/ hLjg/y xfFls/x]sfxsf]
;\Vof ;d]t pNn]vgLo 5 . d}lyn
gf/Lx ;h{s ag]/ l;h{gf ug]{ ldlynf
lrqsnf t g]kfnLxsf] df}lns
;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf ag]sf] 5 . ljZj
dfem g]kfnLnfO{ lrgfpg] Pp6f cg'kd
s8L ag]sf] 5 . d"lt{snfsf If]qdf
/fhlj/fhnfO{ sfo{ If]q agfO{ sfo{/t\
tfk; kfn, sl~r/fsf l;ld|snfn
rf}w/L, 1fgaxfb'/ rf}w/L, OGb|b]j
lj=s=, xl/k'/sf gfu]Gb| lj=s= cflbn]
;Kt/L lhNnfsf] d"lt{sfl/tfsf] /y
xfFls/x]sf 5g\ . ljz]iftM ;lxbxsf]
zflns, wfld{ s d" l t{ , jl/i7
JolStxsf] k|ltdf, sf6'{g d"lt{,
r]tgfd"ns d"lt{ lgdf{0f If]qdf
;Kt/Lsf d"lt{sf/xn] cfcfkm\gf]
k|ltef b]vfO/x]sf 5g\ . oxfF wfld{s
kj{xdf b]jLb]jtfxsf d"lt{xsf]
dfu cTolws /x]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf]
ldlynf~rn snf;+:s[lt, /xg;xg,
kj{ d]nfdf wgL 5 . g]kfnLxsf]
;f+:s[lts ;DklQsf] 7"nf] lx:;f
cf]u6]sf] 5 .
b'O{ ;of}+ efg' hoGtLsf] k'lgt
pknIodf /fhlj/fhdf ;flxlTos
uf]i7L ;DkGg eof] . ljZj gf/L g]kfnL
;flxTo ;dfh, ;Kt/L / ;fd'bflos
;] j f s] G b| , /fhlj/fhsf] ;+ o ' S t
cfof]hgfdf pSt uf]i7L ePsf] lyof] .
;fd'bflos ;]jf s]Gb|sf cWoIf s'df/
kf7ssf] cWoIftf tyf g]kfnL ;flxTo
;dfhsL ;u/dfyf c~rn :t/Lo
pkfWoIf s?0ff emfsf] k|dv
' cfltYo
/x]sf] sfo{qmddf ;dfhsL lhNnf
sf]iffWoIf k"gd kf]v/]nf/f :jfut
dGtJo JoSt ul/Psf] lyof] . kfj{tL
/fpt, ladnf b]j, gGbnfn cfrfo{,
;'/G] b| u'Ktf, uLtf lg/f}nf, aL/]Gb| ;fx,
Zofd;'Gb/ ofbj, b]js/0f dfemL,
d~h' >]i7, lxtgf/fo0fnfn bf;,
s?0ff emf, ;fwgf emf, s' d f/
kf7snufotsf ;flxlTos ;h{s tyf
cg'/fuLxn] cflbslj efg'eSt
cfrfo{ s f] ;flxTodf uf} / jzfnL
of]ubfg /x]sf] ljzb\ rrf{ ub}{ cf
cfkm\gf /rgfx jfrg u/]sf lyP .
sfo{ q mddf gGbnfn cfrfo{ /
Zofd;'Gb/ ofbj ;dLIfs /x]sf lyP
eg] pb\3f]if0f clDasf bfxfnn] u/]sL
lyOg\ . ;dfhsL ;Kt/L lhNnf cWoIf
;d]t /x]sL kfj{tL /fptn] k|To]s
dlxgfsf] clGtd zlgaf/ ;flxlTos
uf]i7L cfof]hgf ug]{ of]hgf ;'gfpFb}
sfo{qmddf jfrg ePsf /rgfx
;d]6/] jflif{s ;flxlTos c\s k|sfzg
ul/g] hfgsf/L u/fPsL lyOg\ .
sfo{qmdsf cWoIf s'df/ kf7sn]
>fj0f dlxgfsf] clGtd zlgaf/
>[u\ f/ /; k|wfg /rgfx jfrg
x'g] ePsf]n] ;f]xLadf]lhdsf /rgfx
tof/ kf/] / lgwf{ l /t ;dodf
sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g cfu|x u/]sf
lyP . pgn] k|To]s dlxgf leGgleGg
/; k|wfg /rgfx jfrg x'g] s'/f
;d]t jtfPsf lyP . uLtf lg/f}nfn]
;h{s ;w}+ ;Ddflgt JolSt ePsfn]
efg'eSt efg'em}+ ;bf ;flxTofsfzdf
em'lNs/xg] / pHofnf] 5l//xg] ljrf/
JoSt ub}{ d'vfu| /x]sf o'u;fk]If
sljtf+zx ;'gfP/ ;xefuLxnfO{
dGqd'Uw kf/]sL lyOg\ . ;flxTo
l;h{ g fn] ;dfhsf] ;d' G gltdf
sf]z]9'\ufsf] sfd ul//x]sf] cg'e"lt

gGbnfn cfrfo{

;d]6b\ } sfdx yfFtL /fv]/} eP klg

o; vfn] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'gk' g]{
s'/fdf k"gd kf]v/]nn] hf]8 lbPsL
lyOg\ .
To;}u/L e"uf]nsf] Plss/0fsf
g]tT[ jstf{ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx eP klg
eflifs Plss/0ff/f g]kfnL hgtfnfO{
Pstfsf] ;"qdf pGg] dxfg\ ;h{s
efg'eSt cfrfo{ g} /x]sf] ljrf/
gGbnfn cfrfo{n] JoSt u/]sf lyP .
efjgfnfO{ efiffn] tuf/f] xfNg g;Sg]
ePsf]n] cfk"mnfO{ ;lhnf] / ;xh nfUg]
efiffdf efjgf k:sg ;lsg] jftfj/0f
;flxlTos sfo{qmddf x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff
clDasf bfxfnsf] lyof] .
PghLcf]cfOPghLcf] tyf cGo
/fhg}lts bnxsf sfo{qmdn] lg/;
kfg] { t/ ;flxlTos sfo{ q mdn]
;xefuLxdf pT;fx ykL pmhf{jfg\
agfpg] cg'ej ;'gfpFb} s?0ff emfn]
;flxTosf/xsf] s'g} ln\u, hflt,
wd{, e"uf]n / cGo aGwg gx'g] x'gfn]
h'g;'s} efiffsf ;flxTosf/ klg
;a}sf nflu / ;w}+sf nflu plQSs}
k'hgLo /xg] ljrf/ JoSt u/]sL
lyOg\ . /fhlj/fh gu/Ldf lgoldt
;flxlTos sfo{ q mdx eO/x] d f
gofFk'/fgf ;h{sxn] Kn]6kmd{
kfpg ;Sg] wf/0ff /fVb} cu| h
;h{ s sf] ;Ddfg ug{ ;s] d f g}
;flxlTos dfxf] n tof/ x' g ] /
;dfhnfO{ cu|lbzf lbg ;lsg] ljrf/
;'/]Gb| u'Ktfsf] lyof] . ;dfh ;]jfsf]
csf]{ k g} ;flxTo ;]jf /x]sf] 7x/
ub}{ d~h' >]i7n] ;flxlTos hd36
ljz'4 1fglj1fg / l;h{gfsf] ;+jfxs
aGg] u/]sf] cg'e"lt ;'gfPsL lyOg\ .
krf; hgf ;flxTofg'/fuLxsf]
hd36 /x] s f] pSt sfo{ q md
/fhlj/fhsf] clkm;;{ Snjdf kfFr
306f;Dd rn]sf] lyof] .
pSt cj;/df jfrg ul/Psf
/rgfxsf] ;\lIfKt ;dLIff k|:t't
5 ;j{ky| d eg;'gsf] b]z gfds
sljtf s[lt ;flxTo e08f/df ;dk{0f
ul/;s]sL / syf ;\u|x k|sfzgdf
tGdg nufO/x]sL ;h{s kfj{tL
/fptn] 6fpsf] g} dfg, ;fgsf] cd"No
c\u ePsf] hgfp lbFb} kl/l:yltn]
6fpsf] b'vfpg] zfZjt kIf d 6fpsf]
sljtfdfkm{t\ cf]sn]sL lyOg\ . pgn]]
km' l skm' s Lsg sbd ;fg' { k g] {
cfjZostf cf}N+ ofpFb} /fhwfgLn] b]z
vfPsf] k|lt cfqmf]; kf]v]sL lyOg\
x] cfFvf ;a}sf] b'MvnfO{ x]g]{ u/,
x] sfg ;a}sf] u'gf;f ;'Gg] u/ .
x] gfs ;a}sf] af;gf ;\sng u/,
x] lubL ;a}sf nflu a/fa/L ;f]Rg] u/ .
d]/f] dg zLif{s uLtL sljtfdf
cfkm\gf] dw'/f] :j/df sjloqL ljdnf
b]jn] k|s[ltnfO{ ;+lugLsf kdf
bfFh]/ p;};Fu n'sfdf/L v]Ng rfx]sf]
efjgf JoSt u/]sL lyOg\ . dfgj
gePsf] eP ljzfn gedf :jtGq
ljr/0f u/L cgluGtL ;+lugLx
agfpg] efjgf ;Dk|i] f0f ub}{ dw'/ :j/
lgsfn]sL lyOg\
z"Go ljzfn gedf :jtGq eO{ p8L hfpmF
dg nfU5 x/fpg, cfkm\g} dg cfFugsf] kf/L .
eG5 d]/f] ;'Gb/ dg, gu/ ltdL kfunkg
dfgj xf} ltdL w/fsf] p8\5f} s;/L k+IfL;Fu .
pbok'/ lhNnfdf hGd]/ @)$&
;fnb]lv /fhlj/fh -;Kt/L_nfO{
sd{If]q agfO{ hLjg/y xfFls/x]sf /
o'u prfNg] cIf/sdL{sf] cj;fg )^&_ gfds gf6\os[lt k|sfzg

ul/;s]sf tyf syf, sljtf, ;dLIff,

lgaGw ljwfdf lg/Gt/ snd vfl//x]sf
;h{s gGbnfn cfrfo{n] d'n'ssf
hNbfaNbf ;d:ofxk|lt s6fIf ub}{
dw];nfO{ x]g{] b[li6sf]0f abNg'kg]{ ljrf/
;lxtsf] dw];df a;Gt axf/ gfds
kqfTds lgaGw k|:t't ub}{ eg]
;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo" cfzo y'k}|
lg:sG5g\ . rf]6 lbg]n] ef]6 kfpGg .
rf]6sf] bb{ gd]l6p~h]n dgdf cfb/
hGdb}g . dgsf] :jefj g} lrqljlrqsf]
x'G5 . ;a}nfO{ ;w}F Ps} vfn] t'nf]df
/fv]/ x]bf{ Oltxf; em'6f] aGbf] /x]5 .
dg vfg] sfdsf] s'/f 5f8] lgikIftf
sxfF kfOG5 / ;w}F kmnfdnfO{ kmnfdn]
g} sf6\b} cfPsf] 5 . aGb'snfO{ aGb'sn]
g} kx/f lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . kmnfdsf cl3
kmnfd em'Sb}g, aGb'ssf cl3 aGb's
em'Sb}g . ToxfF dfgj dg h'6g\ ] xf] eg]
kmnfd klg kfGt/0f x'G5 . aGb's
klg yfGsf] nfU5 . hxfF hlt a9L G
5, ToxfF TolQ a9L d]n n'ss
] f] 5 .
d]nnfO{ em]n b]Vg' ljgf;sf] ;"rs x'G5 .
dw];df b]lvPsf] dl;gf] efjgfdf dg
sNkfpg] tfut klg n'ss
] f] kfPsf] 5' .
d oxfF ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn / g]kfnLs} ef]ln
b]lv/x]sf] 5' . yf]/} eP klg ;'gf}nf
k"mn k"mln/x]sf] kfPsf] 5' . dgn]
dw];nfO{ lhTg'k5{, afFsLnfO{ dw];Ln]
g} lhtfpF5g\ elg/x]5' . yf]/} dw];nfO{
lht]/ t x]/, k"/} dw];nfO{ lhTg] df}sf
:jtM cfpF5 . cfh;Dd dw];nfO{
x/fP/ /fh ef], xf/]sfn] lhTg vf]hs
] f]
dfq xf] . lhTgsf nflu Tofu b]vfpg
klg ;Sg'k5{ . ljgf Tofusf] lhtf}/L
b'O{ lbgsf] dfq xf] . km]l/ xfg{s} nflu
b'O{ lbg lhTg' clgi6 lgDTofpg' xf] .
xfg{ ghfGg]n] lhTg klg hfGb}g .
lhtnfO{ arfpFg g;Sg]n] xf/nfO{ ;xg
klg ;Sb}g . ;w}F lyRg lhTg' k/]sf]
5}g . ;w}F ljut ljpFemfpg dgfl;j
klg 5}g . ljutsf] cWofonfO{ pN6fP/
gk9] gofF /f]8Dofk klg kQf nfUb}g .
/f]8Dofk ljgfsf] sfd cFWof/f]df aGb's
rnfPem}F 3fts x'G5 . dgn] dw];LnfO{
x[bodf a;fpg'k5{ . dgn] dw];LnfO{
g]kfnLdf kfGt/0f ug'k{ 5{ . dg g}
gePsfx dw] ; df dx rf6\ g
cfpF5g\ . ltg} r6'jfxn] dw];nfO{
d;fg3f6 agfP . bfgjL/ aGg' k/]sf]
5}g, vfgL 5 oxfF . lbg k/]sf] 5}g,
gvf];] ePsf] 5 oxfF . bofn' dgn] l/Qf]
emf]nf lnP/ cfpm, e/]/ n}hfpm . qmf]wL
dg / if8oGqk"0f{ lbdfv lnP/ cfpm,
df/ of d/]/ hfpm . of] klg xf]etf{
emf]nf Nofpm, vGofpg] 7fpF ldN5 oxfF .
afFsL b'Mvsf 3/ s}6F ] aGb'sx :y"n
dgsf] cl3 l6Sg ;Sb}g . s}6F n
] fO{
dw];n] g} kftfn e;fpF5 . e/f}6n
] fO{
kfvf kflb{G5 . dw]; ljj]sn] tft] r}q,
a}zfv cfpFg} kb}g{ , ;w}F ;w}F j;Gt axf/
/lx/xG5 . j;Gt km'ln/xG5 . j;Gt
kmlqm/xG5 . d klg km'N5' jg}el/
nfnLu'F/f; eP/ . d klg kmqmG5',
d';xlg{ofb]lv rf]df]n' d\ f;Dd k'u/] .
v} lsg b'Vb}g ca zLif{ssf]
cfkm\gf] sljtfdf slj ;'/]Gb| u'Ktfn]
xf];;lxtsf] hf];n] cl3 a9\g'kg]{
cfjZostf cf}NofpFb} qmflGt d}bfg
vfnL ug{ gx'g] sfJofTds ljrf/
/fv]sf lyP . ef]ssf cufl8 ;a}n]
em'Sg'k/]sf] tLtf] ;TonfO{ cf}+NofpFb}
;j{k|yd ef]ssf] ;dfwfg x'g'kg]{
cfjZostf k|s6 ug]{ sljtf jfrg
u/]sf lyP
ef]ssf] cfuf]df ;f/f cfjfh, ;a}
k|ltsf/ 89L ;s] .
;f/f dof{bf / ;f/f ;+:sf/ ef]ssf
cufl8 gtd:ts eO;s] .
ef]ssf cufl8 qmflGtsf] sb xf]rf]
b]lvg yfn]sf] 5,
cfbz{ 5f]6f ePsf 5g\ .
eP Ps t'sf]{ bfn lbnfO{ b]pm,
eP Ps ufF; eft lbnfO{ b]pm .
af]Ng b]pm zLif{ssf] cfkm\gf]

sljtfdfkm{t\ slj jL/]Gb| ;fxn]

efiffsf] sdhf]/Ln] dgdf u'D;]sf
efjgf ;fj{ h lgs ug{ g;s] s f]
jf:tljstfnfO{ cl3 ;fb}{ efjgf
aflx/ Nofpg ;\3if{/t\ /x]sf] ljrf/
JoSt u/]sf lyP
cf]7 af]Ng vf]H5 t/ y/y/fpF5,
blaPsf cfjfh p7\5 t/ n/a/fpF5 .
P cfdf
dnfO{ s:tf] ;dfhdf hGd lbof}
a'em\5' t/ af]Ng ;lSbgF,
efiffn] cfjfh cj?4 kflb{G5,
t/, cfdf xf/ dfGg hfg]sf] 5}g,
;\3if{ ug{ 5f8]sf] 5}g .
d}lynL efiffsf] kl9 lnv sP
afg/ e]lnof} zLif{ssf]] cfkm\gf]
sljtfdf slj Zofd;'Gb/ ofbjn]
cfd gful/ssf] Psgf;] kL8fnfO{
;Daf]wg u/]sf lyP . pgn] n]vk9
u/]sf JolStx g} j]/f]huf/L ePsf]
/ zf/Ll/s >daf6 kG5]/ lxF8\g k'uL
kl/jf/sf nflu plrt tj/n] e/y]u
ug{ g;Sg] u/]sf] ljrf/nfO{ sfJofTds
k lbFb} dw'/ jf0fL k|bfg u/]sf lyP
kf6L k9lnof}, l;n]6 k9lnof},
s/rLs snd;F lnvgf lnvlnof},
kTYf/v8L 3Fl;3Fl; lnnf/ lnvlnof}
u] dfo kl9lnv sP afg/ e]lnof} .
agf}nf$, ;Kt/L :yfoL 7]ufgf eO{
xfn /fhlj/fh^ df a;f]af; ub}{
cfPsf o'jf ;h{s b]js/0f dfemLf/f
Psn uLtL n]vg /x]sf] klxnf] k|d]
gfds g]kfnL uLltSof;]6 rrf{df 5 .
x'g t pgL @)^# ;fnd} e"k]Gb|
/fodfemLsf] ;\ u Lt;+ o f] h g /
;Gtf]ifs'df/sf] :j/df /]s8{ ePsf]
;/:jtL aGbgf ehg n]vg;Fu} uLt
;\uLt If]qdf xfd kmfn]sf x'g\ .
To;kl5 cfP/ pgL km};gjfnL 5f}8+ L,
k|d] s 8f]/, d'l7of art, ;hgL e]n
a]Odfg, lbnd] k"mn km'nnh:tf d}lynL
uLltSof;]6xdf ;dflji6 tLg
bh{geGbf a9L uLtsf ;h{s ag]sf
5g\ . yf efiffsf] l;g]df tf]x/ ofbd],
d}lynL efiffsf] l;g]df ;Fu] lha} ;Fu]
d/j} h:tf l;g]dfsf uLtx klg pgn]
n]lv;s]sf 5g\ . ;hgL e]n a]Odfg
Sof;] 6 df ;\ u Lt lbg] / s] x L
uLltSof;]6sf lgdf{tf ;d]t ag]sf
dfemL bfdsf] nflu geO{ gfdsf] nflu
;flxTo / ;\uLtdf xf]ldPsf] atfpF5g\ .
k|d] s l/:tf uLltSof;]6 / dfl6s
3/ n3'syf k|sfzgdf h'6s
] f dfemLsf
cd/ k|d] / uf}/jul/df gfds b'O{
uLt ;\ux| x k|sfzgsf] nx/df 5g\ .
pgsf] xd/ dgf]/y gfds d}lynL
efiffsf] uLtuhn ;\ux| k|sflzt
5 . pg} o'jf uLtsf/n] k|d] k|0fosf]
l;nl;nfnfO{ hf]8b\ } cfkm\gf] uLtdf
lj/xJoyf ;d]6g\ ] sfd u/]sf lyP
PSnf] hLjg ljtfpmF s;/L, ltdLaf6
wf]sf vfPF,
gogel/ cfF;' xfF;"F s;/L, rf/}lt/
abgfd ePF .
xhf/ rf]6 5ftLleq ltdLnfO{ b]vfpmF
s;/L,
cfF;'sf] ;fu/ d]/f] cfFvfleq ;'sfpmF
s;/L .
ef]stGq zLif{sdf d'vfu| sljtf
jfrg u/]sL sjloqL d~h' >]i7n]
lzlIfsf x'Fbfsf] z}lIfs If]qsf] ljs[t
knfO{ 5n{\u kfb}{ dw'/ cfjfh
lbg e'ns
] L lyOgg\
s:tf] nf]stGq cfof], dgtGq x'g] ef],
lr7 gu/L ljBfyL{ kf; gx'g] ef] .
1fga'l4 vf]nf kf/L, s'a'l4 lng] ef],
sfkL snd k/ kmfnL ufFhf r'/f]6
vfg] ef] .
;femf k| s fzg, nlntk' / n]
k|sfzg u/]sf] d}lynL efiffsf] sljtf
;\ux| euhf]ugL sL sjloqL s?0ff
emfn] ;dfhdf b]v]sf] s6';TonfO{
sfJofTds k lbF b } kfv08L
Jojxf/sf] e08fkmf] / ug] { gLlt
cjnDag ug]{ k|j[ltnfO{ cfTd;ft\
u/]sL l5g\ . pgsf] clt nf]slk|o
;do glx cl5 zLif{ssf] tnsf]

sljtfsf] sfo{qmddf pRr d"Nof\sg

ePsf] lyof]
;do glx cl5, ;do glx cl5,
O{ aft cfO sflNx cfd agn
lhgsf k'l5of}, ;do glx cl5,
;a lsof] cfO sflNx vf; agn .
k9afs n]n ;do glx,
e]6afs n]n ;do glx
k|ftM sfn p7afs ;do glx
hGd b]lgxf/ dfo afks n]n ;do glx,
lhgsf k'l5of}, ;do glx cl5,
;a lsof] cfO sflNx vf; agn .
lrGts] n]n ;do gO{
dggs] n]n ;do gO{
lhGbuL s] ;xL 9\u ;F lha}s] ;do
glx cl5,
lhgsf k'l5of}, ;do glx cl5 .
ckg v'zL afF6 s] ;do glx
ckg b'Mv afF6} s ;do glx
3/d] cfon ckg cltly
;Tsf/s af:t] ;do glx cl5 .
n]lsg xd/f k'/f ;do cl5
/flt b]/ ts sDKo'6/ k/ a};afs]
g]6 k/ r}6 s/af s] ;do cO
km];a's s] km]; ;F bf]:tL s/af s]
;do cl5
d]n cf lkmd]n ;F
Od]n ;F ljjfx s/afs ;do cl5 .
Ps lbg ;do :jo+ cfla s
k'5t xd/f cxfF ;F
cxfF ;do s] sL s]np
cxfF s] sL e]6n <
gO lhnp, gO{ bf];/ s] lha} b]np
gO x+;np gO{ x+;n
] p
gO hLjgd] ss/f] gf]/ kf]5np
hLjg ;dfKt e hfot tOof]
sxa ;do glx cl5, ;a lsof] .
lxGbL / d}lynL efiffdf snd
rnfpg kf]Vt sjloqL s?0ff emfn]
d}lynL / lxGbL b'a} efiffdf s?0f
efj ePsf sljtf jfrg u/L ;TonfO{
;w}+ c\ufNg'kg]{ / cfbz{ arfP/
/xg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsL lyOg\ .
j+ z zLif{ s sf] d} l ynL efiffsf]
sljtfdf sjloqL emfn] 5f]/f / 5f]/L
aLr x'g] e]befjsf] ;d"n gi6 x'gk' g]{
cfzo JoSt u/]sL lyOg\
a]6fs] xfyd]+ xf]Ot cl5, :ju{s rfaL,
a]6L t dfoafks u/s] kmfF;L .
cfaf] Pxg ;f]rs] h'lg
ckgf df]gd]+ nfa' gO{ .
hfgsL s] clx kfjg e"lds dlxdf,
cfFxf 36fa' gO{ .
r]/Ls uf5 zLif{ssf] efj's
sljtfdfkm{t\ sjloqL ;fwgf emfn]
;dfhsf] jfx\o jftfj/0f x/fe/f
/fv]df dfq cfGtl/s kl/j]zdf
z'l4s/0f ;Dej x'g] ljrf/nfO{
sfJofTds k k|bfg u/]sL lyOg\
x] k[YjLs] ef/ t'F ;e Psa]/ hfu,
xd;e kof{j/0f lvl;ofn 5L .
knfli6ss k|sf]k;F kLl8t 5L,
b'lift jftfj/0fs] l;sf/ 5L .
ctM /rgf jfrgsf b[li6n] d}lynL,
g]kfnL / lxGbL lqefiffsf] ;+ud ynf]
ePsf] pSt ;flxlTos uf]i7Ldf cflbslj
efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] sfJofTds sd{n]
g]kfnLnfO{ Pp6} 5ftfd'lg a;fPsf] rrf{
ePsf] lyof] . cem pSt sfo{qmddf
yf / g]jf/L efiffsf jStf;h{s
;d]t pkl:yt ePsf eP klg /rgf
eg] jfrg x'g ;s]gg\ . h] eP klg
hxfF k'Ub}gg\ /lj ToxfF k'U5g\ slj
eGg] cfxfgn] pSt uf]i7Ldf ;fy{stf
e]6s
] f] ;xefuLxn] cg'ej u/]sf lyP .
/fhlj/fh -;Kt/L_nfO{ ;flxTosf]
/]lu:yfg eGb} cfPsf] l;nl;nfdf
dfl;s ;flxlTos sfo{qmd x'g,] ;xefuL
/rgfxsf] ;\sng u/L ;\u|x
k|sfzg x'g] / d}lynL, g]kfnL, yf /
lxGbL efiffsf] afx'Notf l:jsfl/g]
lg0f{oon] /]lu:yfgsf] cfd wf/0ffdf
kl/jt{g Nofpg] / of] If]q klg ;flxTosf]
xl/ofnL /fhwfgL aGg] lglZrt 5 eGbf
cltzof]lSt u/]sf] g7xnf{ .
xfnM lnl6n km\nfj/ pRr df=
lj=, /fhlj/fh(, ;Kt/L .

/fatOfc t]u ^ gpf; nf; )&)@

dlxnf e]befj / j}bl] zs /f]huf/L

cfh klg dlxnfx? ;fdflhs,
cfly{ s / /fhg} l ts If] q af6
pTkLl8t / pk]lIft 5g\ . ;/sf/L
tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 dlxnf xs,
lxt / clwsf/sf lglDt ul/Psf
k| o Tgsf afah' b dlxnfx?sf]
l:yltdf tflTjs cGt/ cfpg ;s]sf]
5} g . dlxnfdfly x' g ] cg] s
pTkL8gdWo] 3/]n' lx+;faf6 klg
g]kfnL dlxnfx? plQs} k|efljt 5g\ .
lat]sf Ps jif{df Ps ;o %@ hgf
dlxnfsf] xTof b'O{ ;o !! hgfsf]
anfTsf/ -h;dWo] @# hgf dlxnf
cfg} kl/jf/sf ;b:oaf6 anfTs[t_,
!@ hgf dlxnff/f cfTdxTof / &%
hgf dlxnf af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf kLl8t
ePsf] tYofn] b]vfPsf] 5 . dlxnf
lx+;flj/f]wL !^ lbg] cleofgs} qmddf
dlxnf lx+;f;DaGwL tLg xhf/ ;ft
;o $( ph'/L btf{ ePsf 5g\ . bf;
Joj:yfdf dfG5]sf] klg Jofkf/
ul/GYof] . Toltv]/ dfG5]nfO{ a]Rg],
s'6g\ ] / dfg]{ klg ul/GYof] . Tolt
a]nf oL 36gfdf k/]/ slt hgf
uxel/ cfFz' emfb}{ eg] sltko l/;n]
r'/ x'Gy] . sltko bfx|f ls6\y] .
sltko d'L s;]/ Tof] cGofok"0f{
Joj:yfsf] lj/f]w ub{y] . cfh Tof]
qm'/ / lgr k|sf/sf] dflgg] bf;
Joj:yf clttsf] ljifoj:t' alg;s]sf]
5 . ;fdfGo kdf x]bf{ lx+;f zAb
zf/Ll/s oftgf jf s' 6 lk6;F u
;DalGwt b]lvG5 t/ o;n] Jofks
cy{ cf]u6\5 . cfh klg dlxnfx?
7"nf] ;+Vofdf 3/]n' lx+;faf6 cftlt
5g\ . Pp6f ;j]{If0fcg';f/ *@
k|ltzt dlxnfx? 3/]n' lx+;faf6
k|efljt 5g\ . ;f;'n] a'xf/Ldfly ug]{
/ kltn] kTgLdfly s'6lk6 ug]{,
dlxnfsf] OR5fljk/Lt of}g b'Jo{jxf/
ug]{, k'q nfe gePsf]df dlxnfdfly
x'g] dfgl;s oftgf cflb 3/]n' lx+;fsf
s]xL pbfx/0f x'g\ . w]/} dlxnfx?
kltsf] hah{:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t
5g\ . t/, pgLx? o;nfO{ ph'/Lsf]
ljifo agfpg] ;fx; ug{ ;s]sf
5}gg\ . oBlk 3/]n' lx+;f;DaGwL
ck/fw, cg';Gwfg tyf ;hfosf]
Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] ljwo]s kfl/t
eO;s]sf] 5 . t/, 3/]n' lx+;faf6
kLl8t dlxnfx?n] ph'/L lbg] ;fx;
w]/} sdn] dfq ub{5g\ . cfhsf]
;dfh, ;+:s[lt, wd{ cflbn] k'?ifn]
dlxnfdfly ug]{ lx+;fnfO{ j}wflgstf
lbg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f
k'?ifsf] HofbtLlj?4 ph'/L lbFbf
dlxnfx? cfk"mnfO{ c;'/lIft dx;';
u/]sf] l:ylt 5 . ax'ljjfx klg
dlxnfx?sf nflu Ps k| s f/sf]
pTkL8g g} xf] . db{sL bz j6L
eGg] pvfg} 5 . k'?ifn] csf]{ ljjfx
u5{ . To;nfO{ ;dfhn] ;fdfGo
kdf lnG5 . ToxL sfd Pp6L
dlxnfn] u5{ eg] Tof] ck/fwhGo
x'G5 . ljifo Pp6} x'G5 t/ dfkbG8
a]Un} x'G5 . o;/L Pp6} ljifodf
;dfhsf] b'O{ k|sf/sf] dfkbG8 a]Un}
x'G5 . ;j]{If0fcg';f/ ^$ k|ltzt
dlxnfx? ax'ljjfxaf6 kLl8t /x]sf]
b]lvG5 . b'u{d ufpFdf uP/ x]g]{ xf]
eg] o;sf] ;+Vof cem a9L kfpg
;lsG5 . db{sf bz j6L eGg]
pvfgn] ;dfhdf dlxnfdfly ;f}tf
xfNgsf] nflu v'nf 5'6 lbG5 jf
k|f]T;fxg lbG5 . o;/L ax'ljjfxn]
k'?ifnfO{ Ps} k6s PseGbf a9L
dlxnf;Fu Jolerf/ ug{ 5'6 lbG5
eg] dlxnfx? ;DklQdf ;dfg
clwsf/sf] cefjdf cg]s oftgf
;x]/ klg ;f}tf / nf]Ug];Fu} si6k|b
hLjg latfpg afWo 5g\ . bfOhf]
k|yf klg dlxnf lx+;fsf] Pp6f k
xf] . vf;u/L t/fO{nfO{ o; ;d:ofn]
lgs} ufh]sf] 5 . bfOhf] dfu]adf]lhd
lbg g;s]sf sf/0f nf]Ug] / ;f;' ldn]/
a'xf/Lsf] xTof;Dd ul/Psf y'k}| 36gf
5g\ . o;/L >LdtLnfO{ hLjg;fyLsf]

sNkgf kf}8]n
kdf xf]Og, j:t'sf] kdf x]g]{
Jofkfl/s / ;dfGtjfbL lrGtgaf6
u|l;t x'bF f o; k|sf/sf 36gfn] 7fpF
kfO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . bfOhf]nfO{ g]kfnLdf
sfg'gL dfGotf k|fKt geP klg
sfg'gsf /vjfnf jt{dfg /fHo
Joj:yfsf gfOs]x?n] ljjfxnfO{
k|lti7fsf] ljifo agfpg] / s/f]8f}F
vr{ ug{] kl/kf6Ln] bfOhf] k|yf
lg?T;flxt ug'{sf] ;f6f] a9fjf lbg]
sfd ePsf] 5 . u} / ;/sf/L
tYofcg';f/ #^ k|ltzt dlxnfx?
bfOhf] k|yfsf] ;d:ofn] kLl8t 5g\ .
dfgj ;dfhn] @! cf}F ztfAbLdf
kfOnf 6]Sbf;Dd klg g]kfnL ;dfhdf
af]S;Lsf] gfddf dlxnfx?nfO{ dnd"q
v'jfpg] h:tf ck/fwhGo sfd x'g'
Hofb} nHhfhgs s'/f xf] . ;dfhdf
af]S;L ToxL x'G5, hf] c;xfo, sdhf]/,
clzlIft / ul/a 5g\ . cfh;Dd
wgL, alnof] dfG5] af]S;L ag]sf] 5}g .
s] af]S;L ljwf sdhf]/, c;xfo,
clzlIftn] dfq l;Sg] ljwf xf] / <
o;af6 of] k|:6 x'G5 ls af]S;L x]nf
u/]/ k|of]u ul/g] zAb xf] . af]S;L
olb ljBf xf] eg] To;sf] u'? sf] <
Tof] s'g ljZjljBfnodf k9fOG5 .
Tof] ljBf k'?ifn] lsg k9\b}gg\ <
o;sf] hjfkm af]S;L egL cf/f]k
nufpg]x?n] lbg' k5{ . jt{dfg ljZj
lj1fg / k|ljlwn] olt zlStzfnL
alg;Sbf klg g]kfnL dfg;k6ndf
af]S;Lsf] e't x6\g ;s]sf] 5}g .
g]kfnL dfgl;stf cem klg ;fdGtL,
?l9jfbL / cGwljZjfzsf] 3]/faf6
dfly p7\g ;s]sf] 5}g . af]S;L h:tf]
cnf} l ss zlStsf] s' / f u/] /
dlxnfnfO{ oftgf lbg] / dnd"q
v'jfpg] sfo{ x'g' lj8Djgfsf] ljifo
xf] . ;dfhdf cfh klg ;of}F af]S;Lsf]
cf/f]kdf k|tfl8t alg/x]sf 5g\ .
r]nLa]6L a]rlavg g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
Pp6f k|d'v ;d:ofsf] ag]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf a;]l{ g % b]lv & xhf/;Ddsf]
;+Vofdf g]kfnL r]nLx? ef/tsf]
a]Zofnodf a]lrg] u5{ . 8]9 nfveGbf
a9L g]kfnL dlxnfx? ef/tsf ljleGg
zx/df z/L/ a]lr/x]sf 5g\ . clxn]
ef/tsf] af6f] x'Fb} ;+;f/sf cGo
d'ns
' df k'ofOPsf g]kfnL r]nLx?sf]
cj:yf Hofb} 8/nfUbf] 5 . o;/L
ef/tsf] v'nf ;Ldfgfsf sf/0f dfgj
t:s/LnfO{ ;xhtf k}bf ePsf] 5 .
ljz] i fu/L b' u { d a:tLsf l;wf,
clzlIft ul/a dlxnfx?nfO{ gf]s/L
lbg] axfgfdf jf ljjfx u/]/ 3'Dg n}hfg]
axfgfdf r]nLa]6Lx?sf] a]rlavg x'g]
u/]sf] 5 . cfkmGthgaf6 klg o:tf
lqmofsnfk k|z:t} x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ laqmL ug{h
] :tf] h3Go
ck/fw x'bF f;d]t /fHo d"sbz{s eP/
a;]sf] b]lvG5 . r]nLa]6L a]rlavg
dfgj t:s/x?sf] gfkmf sdfpg] 7"n}
wGbf alg;Sof] . of}g Jofkf/sf] /fhwfgL
dflgg] ef/tsf] zx/ d'DaO{df j]Zofj[lQ
ug]{ s'n dlxnfx?sf] cfwf ;+Vof
g]kfnLx? /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . o;/L
nfvf}F dlxnfx? ef/tsf] j]Zofnodf
gf/sLo hLjg Aoltt ug{ afWo
agfpg] dfgj tis/x? ;dfhdf
v'nc
] fd lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . anfTsf/
cToGt} ;+ j ] b gzLn ljifo xf] .
anfTsf/n] dlxnfnfO{ zf/Ll/s dfq
xf]Og, dfgl;s kdf ;d]t uDeL/
cf3ft k'Ub5 . t/ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df
anfTsf/sf s}of}F 36gf aflx/ cfpg
;Sb}gg\ . lsgeg] ;dfhn] dlxnfsf]
cl:dtfnfO{ of}g z'4tf;Fu hf]8/] x]g]{
ub{5 . olt x'bF fx'bF } klg o'4sfnsf]
;dodf xf];\ of nf]stGq cfO;s]kl5sf]
l:ylt, anfTsf/sf 36gf lbgx'h
F ;f]
3l6/x]sf 5g\ . & jif{sf] aRrfb]lv
&) jif{sf] j[4 dlxnfx? anfTsf/sf
lzsf/ eO/x]sf 5g\ . anfTsf/ h:tf]
h3Go ck/fwdf ;d]t s7f]/ sfg'g

aGg g;Sbf anfTsf/Lx? v'nf kdf

lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . Ps u}/;/sf/L
;j]I{ f0fcg';f/ ## k|ltzt dlxnfx?
anfTsf/sf] lzsf/ alg/x]sf 5g\ .
sfg'gdf anfTsf/l;4 ug]{ kof{Kt
cfwf/ gx'bF f d'2f xfl/g] l:ylt klg
5 . dft[Tj Ifdtf af]ss
] f dlxnfx?sf]
/h:jnfnfO{ 5fpk8L k|yfn] cToGt}
3[l0ft / ckdflgt t'NofPsf] 5 .
/h:jnfsf] ;d:ofdf dlxnfnfO{ kof{Kt
cf/fd / kf}li6s vfgfsf] cfjZostf
x'G5 . t/, ;'b"/ klZrdsf s]xL
lhNnfx?df /h:jnf ePsf dlxnfnfO{
uf]7df /fVg] / b'w, bxL h:tf kf}li6s
vfgfaf6 al~rt ul/G5 . lj1fgn]
oltsf k|ult ul/;Sbf klg g]kfnL
;dfhsf] dfgl;stf p7g ;s]sf]
5}g . wd{sf] gfdaf6 klg dlxnfx?
plQs} 7luPsf 5g\ . ;+;f/sf ;a}
wd{lkt[;QfTds 5g\ . ;+;f/sf ;a}
wfld{s u|Gyx? k'?ifn] g} agfPsf x'g\ .
wfld{s JofVof, ljZn]if0f / k|jrg ug{]
sfo{ klg k'?ifn] g} u/]sf 5g\ . 7"N7"nf
bz{g, l;4fGtsf JofVofsf/ klg k'?if
g} 5g\ . o;/L ;a} If]qdf k'?ifn] ljho
sfod ul/;s]kl5 pgLx?n] cfgf]
ln cg'sn
' tfdf lgod agfP / nfu"
u/] . o;/L lx+;fsf ljleGg kx?dWo]
b]psL k|yf, 5'jf5't cflb klg lx+;fsf
kx? x'g\ . af6f]df lxFl8/x]sf] a]nf
dlxnfnfO{ k'?ifn] lh:sfpF5 eg] Tof]
klg lx+;fsf] k xf] . s;}nfO{ dfgl;s
kdf cK7\of/f]df k'ofOG5 eg] Tof]
klg lx+;f xf] . o;/L ;fdflhs, cfly{s,
/fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s kaf6
k5fl8 kfl/Psf / 7luPsf dlxnfx?
dfgjclwsf/sf] dfldnfdf ;a}eGbf
7luPsf 5g\ . lsgeg] ;dfg kdf
lhpg kfpg' tyf ;dfg cj;/ kfpg'
dfG5]n] dfG5] eO{ afRg kfpg' dfgj
clwsf/sf] dfGo l;4fGt xf] . o;
cj:yfdf ;jn / ;d'Ggt ;dfh
lgdf{0fsf nflu cfwfeGbf a9L ;+Vofdf
/x]sf dlxnfx?sf] ;du| kIfdf ;'wf/
ug{' clxn]sf] d'Vo sfo{ef/ xf] . 3/]n'
lx+;f / ul/aLn] kLl8t w]/} g]kfnL
dlxnf j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf nfUg afWo
5g\ . kl/jf/ / cfgf] eljionfO{
cfly{s 6]jf k'ofpg dfq xf]Og, 3/]n'
lx+;faf6 d'St x'g, n}ls, ;f+:s[lts,
;fdflhs zf]if0f / k'/ftgjfbL d"No,
dfGotfaf6 5'6sf/f kfpgsf nflu
klg g] k fnL dlxnfx? c:yfoL
sfdbf/sf] kdf lab]lzg] qmd a9\bf]
5 . o;/L ljb]lzg] dlxnfx? ;'?b]lv
cGTo;Dd} lx+;fdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
:jb]zd} bnfnn] cgfjZos sld;g
vf]H5g\ . sltko cj:yfdf cfg}
kl/jf/sf dfGohgn] ljb]z k7fpg
bafj l;h{ g f u5{ g \ . lx+ ; f
ljdfg:ynd} x'G5 . ;]N6/ xf]ddf
e]8fafv|f h:tf] u/L 3/dflnssf]
kvf{Odf w]/} ;+Vofdf nfdf] ;do
s'/fpF5g . tf]s] hlt tna glbP/
Hofnfsf] zf]if0f x'G5 . ladf/L kbf{
/fd|f] pkrf/ x'Gg . of}ghGo lx+;fsf]

l;sf/ ePsf 5g\ . ul/aL / a]/f]huf/L

jt{dfg g]kfnsf] h'DNofxf ;d:of x'g\ .
oL ;d:of;Fu h'Wgsf nflu g]kfnLx?
ljb]lzg] qmd hf/L 5 . j}b]lzs
/f]huf/ laefusf] clen]vcg';f/
xfn;Dd g]kfnaf6 >d :jLs[t lnP/
ljb]lzg]sf] ;+Vof @% nfv gfl3;s]sf]
5 . o;df dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof klg
pNn]vgLo 5 . cf=j @)^*^( sf]
tYofcg';f/ ljb]lzg] #,*$,^^% dWo]
@@,(%* dlxnf lyP . xfn}sf] g]kfn
hLjg:t/ ;j]I{ f0fcg';f/ sl/a %%=*
k|ltzt 3/w'/Ln] lak|i] f0f cfo leqfpg]
u5{g\ . h;cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n
ufx{:y pTkfbgdf lak|i] f0fsf] of]ubfgsf]
cfwf/df ljZjel/df kfFrf}F :yfgdf
g]kfn k/]sf] 5 . xfn b}lgs ;/b/
!,))) eGbf a9L g]kfnLx? /f]huf/Lsf
vflt/ d'n's aflx/ lg:sG5g\ .
k|ltjif{ g]kfnL o'jfx? j}bl] zs >d
ahf/df rf/ nfvsf] xf/fxf/Ldf cfpg]
u/]sf] kfOG5 . :jb]zdf /f]huf/Lsf]
cj;/ l;h{gf gx'~h]n a}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf nfUg]x?sf] z[v
+ nf /f]lsg]
5}g . cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n]
/f] h uf/sf] clwsf/nfO{ df} l ns
clwsf/sf] kdf /fv] s f] 5 .
;/sf/n] cfly{s ljsf; / ;d[l4sf]
tTsfnLg sfo{ o f] h gf @)^* /
;'zf;g sfo{of]hgf @)^* df klg
/f]huf/ a[l4df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
;/sf/sf] o; tTk/tfnfO{ Jojxfl/s
agfpg ;+jb] gzLn If]qdf /f]huf/sf
laz]if Kofs]h sfo{qmd nfu" ug'{kg]{
b]lvG5 . h;n] ubf{ lx+;faf6 d'lSt
kfpg ljb] z tfSg] k| j [ l Qaf6
dlxnfnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ ;lsof];\ .
dlxnfx?nfO{ sfg'gL pNemgaf6 d'St
u/L cfly{ s ;zStLs/0fsf
sfo{qmdf/f cfTdlge{/ agfpg
ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 /f]Sg' kb{5 .
ljb]zdf sfdsf] k|s[lt / a;fOFsf
lx;fan] ljz]iftM vf8L d'ns
' df 3/]n'
sfdbf/sf kdf hfg] dlxnfx? a9L
zf]if0f / lx+;fdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
Tolt dfq geO{ :jb]zdf kmls{Pkl5
klg ;fdflhs nf~5gf,
>Ldfg\>LdtLaLr j}dg:otfh:tf
;d:ofn] yk lx+;f lelqPsf] 5 .
h;sf] kl/0ffd:j? Ps k6s a}bl] zs
/f]huf/df uPsfdWo] w]/} dlxnfx? k'gM
ljb]z kms{g] u/]sf] tYof 5 . 5f]/f,
a'xf/L, 5f]/Lx? lab]lzFbf s]6fs]6Lsf]
x]/rfxdf a[4 dftf, lktf, ;f;'
;;'/fnfO{ yk af]em eO/x]sf] 5 . o;n]
ubf{ kfl/jfl/s lavG8g, rsf]{ Aofh
b/sf] C0fef/, cfl>t kl/jf/hg
s'ntdf km:g] h:tf ;fdflhs ;d:of
klg b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . ctM a}bl] zs
/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f sdhf]/ x'bF } uPsf]
d"NodfGotfnfO{ a]nd} f klxrfg u/L
;'wfg{ / dlxnfdfly x'g] u/]sf lx+;f
/f] S gsf nflu ;/sf/L / cGo
;DalGwt lgsfox?n] Wofg lbg' h?/L
ePsf] 5 .
-n]vs a}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] qmddf
Oh/fOndf l5g\_
g]kfn Oh/fOn cgnfOgaf6

d+un u|xdf ;d'b| /x]sf] k'li6

j}1flgs tyf vuf]nzf:qLx?n]

d+un u|xdf kfgL /x] g/x]sf], hLjgsf]
;Defjgf /x] g/x]sf] ljifodf nfdf]
;dob]lv vf]h cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf
5g\ . d+un u|xdf nfvf}F jif{ klxn]
;d'b| /x]sf] eGg] vfnsf sygx?df
j}1flgsx? Psdt gePsf eP klg
d+un u|xdf kfgLsf] c+z /x]sf] ljleGg
cg' ; Gwfgn] b] v fPsf 5g\ . t/
kl5Nnf] cg';Gwfgn] eg] d+un u|xdf
caf}{+ jif{ klxn] ljzfn ;d'b| /x]sf]
tYo k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf]
Soflnkmf] l g{ o f OlG:6Ro' 6 ckm
6]Sgf]nf]hLsf zf]wstf{x?n] d+un
u|xdf c/af}+{ jif{ klxn] dfl6{g gfdsf]
;d'b| /x]sf] ;a"t km]nf k/]sf] bfaL
u/]sf x'g\ . dfl6{g gfdsf] pSt ;d'bn
| ]

d+un u|xsf] Ps ltxfO efu cf]u6]sf]

lyof] . pSt ;d'b|sf] cjz]if clxn]
klg afFsL /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . d+un
u| x sf] xfO l/hf] n ' ; g t:jL/sf]
ljZn]if0faf6 zf]wstf{x?n] o:tf]
lgisif{ lgsfn]sf x'g\ . o;}aLr d+un
u|xsf] cg';Gwfgsf nflu Ps jif{kl5
k7fOPsf] So'/f]l;6L /f]a/n] Ps
lsnf]ld6/ b'/L to ub}{ sLlt{dfg
agfPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ cui6 %
df d+un u|xsf] ;txdf plqPsf]
So'/f]l;6L ca d+un u|xsf] Un]g]u
eGg] If]qdf hfg]5 h'g clxn]sf]
7fpFeGbf * lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f 5 . ToxfF
uP/ So' / f] l ;6Ln] d+ u n u| x sf]
jftfj/0f s;/L ablnPsf] 5 < eGg]
s'/fsf] cWoog ug]{5 .

clh+u/sf] cl:tTj ;+s6df

sf7df8f}F . jGohGt' P]g @)@( f/f ;+/lIft jGohGt'sf] ;'rLdf ;'lrs[t
ul/Psf] clh+u/sf] ;+/If0fdf ;/sf/L pbf;Lgtf b]lvPsf] 5 . k|fs[lts
jf;:yfg ljgf; x'Fb} uPkl5 nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf k'u]sf clh+u/x?sf]
;+/If0f ug{ ;/sf/n] ;+/lIft 3l;|g] jGohGt'sf] ;'lrdf ;'lrs[t u/] klg
o;sf] ;+/If0fdf s;}n] Wofg lbPsf] kfOFbg} . rf/}lt/af6 clh+u/sf] ;+/If0fdf
pk]Iff ul/Pkl5 g]kfndf o;sf] cl:tTj;d]t ;+s6df kg{;Sg] ;+/If0fsdL{x?n]
lrGtf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . k|s[ltsf] ljiffSt cjojx?nfO{ ;f]:g] Ifdtf
ePsf] clh+u/nfO{ cGo jGohGt'sf] t'ngfdf ;+/If0fsf] nflu lgs'~hn] s'g}
r]tgf lbg g;s]sf] alb{of /fli6o lgs'~hsf ;xfos ;+/If0f clws[t
/d]z yfkfn] atfP . ufpF 3/df clh+u/ e]l6P/ ufpFn]n] lgs'~hnfO{
j'emfP jfkt ;fgf] ltgf] pkxf/ lbg'jfx]s clh+u/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu s'g} klg
sbd rfNg g;lsPsf] pgn] :jLsf/] . o;sf] bL3{sflng ;+/If0fsf] nflu
hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx? ug{k' g]{ pgsf] egfO 5 . cGoyf o;sf] cl:tTj
;+s6u|:t cj:yfdf k'Ug] pgsf] egfO 5 . ljZjdf ljleGg k|hfltsf
clh+u/ kfOg] eP tfklg g]kfn / ef/tdf eg] Ol08og /s kfOyg
k|hftLsf clh+u/x? kfOg] pgn] atfP . !* lkm6 nDjfO / b'O{ lkm6;Ddsf]
uf]nfOsf] zf/Ll/s agf]6sf clh+u/ ljif]zu/L udL{sf] ;dodf a9L ;+Vofdf
e]l6g] u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf clh+u/sf] olsg tYof+s u0fgf geP klg
xhf/f}Fsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] pgsf] egfO 5 . ljif]z u/L
t/fOsf] lrtjg, k;f{, alb{of, z'Snfnufotsf jGohGt' cf/Ifx?df
clh+u/sf] /fd|f] jf;:yfg /x]sf] kfOG5 . gbL tl6o If]q nufot ;fd'bflos
jgx?df klg clh+u/x? j:g] u/]sf] 5 . lr:ofg ePsf] hldg tyf
kfgLdf kfOg] df+;fxf/L Ol08og /s kfOyg jRrfdf ls/f km6\of\u|f,
r/fr'?L / 7"nf] eO;s]kl5 h/fof]nufotsf hgfj/x? cfxf/fsf kdf
vfg] ub{5 . clh+u/n] dflg;nfO{ g8:g] / 8;] klg ljif gnfUg] yfkfn]
k|i6 kf/] . dflg;n] zq'sf] kdf clh+u/nfO{ x]g]{ / 6f]S5 eg]/ dfg{] k|j[lt
;+/If0fsf] nflu 7"nf] r'gf}tL jg]sf] 5 . lgs'~h ;]/f]km]/f] tyf ufpF 3/df
;d]t slxn]sfxLF e]l6g] clh+u/sf] 5fnfaf6 ;hfj6sf ;fdfg, j]N6,
k;{nufotsf j:t' lgdf{0fsf nflu klg rf]/L lzsf/ ug{] u/]sf] kfOG5 .
dflg;n] ;dft]kl5 cflQg] / n';f] x'g] k|j[ltsf] clh+u/ pd]/ k'u]/ lxF88'n
ug{ g;Sg] ePkl5 Ps} s'gfdf al;/xg] / cfgf] cufl8 h] cfpF5 ;f;n]
tfg]/ cfxf/fsf kdf vfg] o;sf] k|jl[ t ePsf] atfpF5g\ . o:tf] k|sl[ tsf]
uxgfsf] kdf /x]sf] clh+u/sf] xTof gug{ pgn] ;a}nfO{ cfu|x klg u/] .
k|s[ltsf] dgf]/d uGtJo tyf h}ljs ljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ g]kfndf ;/sf/L
pbf;Lgtfn] s}of}F k|fs[lts j:t'x? ;+s6df 5g\ . nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf
eO;s]sf jGohGt'x?nfO{ ;+/lIft ;"lrdf /flv;s]kl5 ltgLx?sf] ;+/If0fsf]
nflu s]xL g s]xL k|of;x? ul/g' k5{ . g]kfndf o;tkm{ s'g} rf;f] lbPsf]
kfOFb}g . g]kfnsf] h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf nflu ljb]zsf] d'v tfSg' kg]{
;/sf/L k|j[lQ 5 . ;dod} clh+u/sf] ;+/If0ftkm{ sbd rfNg ;s] g]kfn
cGt/f{li6o ljBfyL{x?sf nflu cWoogsf] s]Gb| aGg ;S5 .

afnaflnsfsf] v]nf}gfdf 3fts /;fog

sf7df8f}F . hg:jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0f k|j4{g s]Gb|n] sf7df8f},F nlntk'/,
eStk'/ / ag]kfsf km'6kfyb]lv ;'k/ dfs]{6;Dd ;+sng u/]sf] v]nf}gfdf
u/]sf] k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0faf6 afnaflnsfn] v]Ng] clwsf+z v]nf}gfdf
afn:jf:YonfO{ uDeL/ c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf /;fogx? kfOPsf] 5 . ;+:yfn]
u/]sf] /;fog k/LIf0faf6 s'n %$ k|ltzt v]nf}gfdf s'g} g s'g} afn:jf:Yodf
uDeL/ c;/ kfg]{ s]ldsn kfOPsf] ;+:yfsf sfo{sf/L lgb]z
{ s tyf jftfj/0f
j}1flgs /fdrl/q ;fxn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf cg';f/ @* k|ltztdf
l;;f, ! k|ltztdf kf/f], ( k|ltztdf Sof8ldod, $) k|ltztdf a|fl] dg /
!$ k|ltztdf qmf]ldod kfOPsf] lyof] . tL ;a} v]nf}gfdf cGt/f{li6o
dfkb08eGbf w]/} a9L /;fog kfOPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . #=^ kLkLPdb]lv *
xhf/ # ;o % bzdna * kLkLPd;Dd /;fog kfOPsf] laxLaf/ l/kf]6{;{
Sna g]kfndf cfof]lht kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L lbOof] . a}1flgs
;fxsf cg';f/ l;;fn] /Stsf]lifsf dfg{], dlitis / :gfo"sf] ljsf;df
cj/f]w ug]{, d[uf}nfdf ;d:of, gk'+;stf agfpg];Ddsf] ;d:of NofpF5
eg] Sof8ldodn] xL sdhf]/ agfpF5 . ds{/Ln] :gfo", kfrgk|0ffnL,
Zjf;k|Zjf;;lxt d[uf}nf / kmf]S;f]nfO{ c;kmn kfg]{ sfd u5{ . To:t}
a|f]ldgn] cfFvf, 3fF6L, :gfo" / kmf]S;f]df c;/ u5{ eg] qmf]ldodn] PnhL{
u/fpF5 . ;f];DaGwL k/LIf0f g]kfn ;/sf/, pBf]u dGqfno, g]kfn u'0f:t/
tyf gfktf}n ljefu tyf g]kfn x:tsnf ;+3sf] ;+oS' t k|of;df :yflkt g]kfn
x]l08qmf6 6]l:6 Nofa|f6] /Ldf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pkef]Stf ;+/If0f
d~rsL ;lrj ljdnf vgfn / g]kfn lu|n Aoj;foL dxf;+3sf cWoIf df]xg
s6'jfnn] ahf/ clxn] pkef]Stfdf/f ag]sf] eGb} ;f]xL sf/0f sfg'gcg';f/sf]
clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ pkef]Stfx?n] g;s]sf] bfjL u/] . pgLx?n] afnaflnsf]
afRg kfpg] clwsf/dfly k|ToIf v]njf8 ePsf] cf/f]k ;d]t nufP .

w]/} ;'Tg] aRrf k9fOdf sdhf]/

n08g . nfdf] ;do;Dd ;'Tg] aRrfsf] lbdfudf c;/ kg]{ Pp6f
cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;'Tg] afgL / lbdfusf] ;DjGwsf] af/]df ul/Psf]
Ps ;j]I{ f0fn] o:tf] b]vfPsf] xf] . ;ft jif{pd]/ ;d"xsf !! xhf/eGbf a9L
aRrfx?nfO{ a]nfotdf ul/Psf] cWoog eG5 h'g aRrfsf] /ftdf ;'Tg]sf]
s'g} lgoldt ;do 5}g / /ftsf] gf} ah] kl5 ;'T5 p k9\g sdhf]/ / cem
ul0ftdf sdhf]/ x'G5 . cg';Gwfgstf{n] eg]sf 5g\ lgb|fsf] sdLn] z/L/sf]
Ifdtf ljufg{ ;S5 / l;sfOsf] qmddf lbdfusf] Ifdtfdf g/fd|f] c;/
kf5{ cg';Gwfgstf{n] klxnf # jif{ km]l/ kfFr jif{ / To;kl5 ;ft jif{sf]
pd]/sf aRrfsf] Ifdtfaf/] hfgsf/L h'6fPsf lyP . cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf
pgLx?n] l;sfO k|lqmof / lgb|fsf] ;DaGwaf/] vf]h s]lGb|t u/]sf lyP .
tLg jif{;Ddsf aRrfdf ;'Tg] ;dosf] lgs} clgoldttf x'g] kfOPsf] 5 .
kfFrdf nueu Ps aRrfsf] ;'Tg] ;do cnucnu lyof] . ha aRrf ;ft
jif{sf] x'G5 To;dWo]sf aRrf lglZrt ;dodf ;'Tg]df cfwf k5{g\ . h'g
;do ;fFem ;f9] ;ftb]lv ;f9] cf7;Ddsf] lyof] . oL aRrfx?sf] ;'Tg] ;do
lglZrt lyPg . tL aRrfx?n] c+s uGg], ul0ft / ;fdfGo 1fgsf] k/LIffdf
cfgf afFsL ;fyLsf] eGbf sd c+s NofP . nfdf] ;do ;'Tg] afgLn]
afnssf] eGbf aflnsfnfO{ c;/ ug]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . /fd|f] lbgrof{n] aRrfsf]
nflu vf; dxTj /fV5 . afNosfndf ;'tfOsf] ;xL ;do to ug{' ;a}eGbf
dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . cem} klg s]xL ca]/ ePsf] 5}g, k|f]km];g ;]s/n] eg]sf
5g\ xfdLn] oL sf/0fx?sf] af/]df klg ;f]r ljrf/ ug{ h?/L 5 . nfdf]
;do of clgoldt ;dodf ;'Tg] aRrfx? w]/}h;f] u/La kl/jf/sf /xg]
u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf aRrf /ftsf] ;dodf k9\g'sf] ;f 6]lnlehg a9L x]g{]
u5{g\ . pgLx?sf] a]8?df g} cS;/ 6]lnlehg x'g]u5{ Ph]G;L

/fatOfc t]u ^ gpf; nf; )&)@

ljQLo===
If]qut kdf cg';Gwfg ug{ kfpg]
lgsfosf] gfd ;fj{hlgs u/]kl5
cfof] u sf] If] q flwsf/ a9\ g ] 5 .
o;cl3 clVtof/nfO{ ;fj{hlgs kb
wf/0f u/]sf ;/sf/L clwsf/L /
cjsfz kfPsf GofofwLz / ;}Go
clwsf/LnufotnfO{ dfq cg';Gwfg
/ sf/afxL ug{ If]qflwsf/ lyof] .
cfof]un] k7fPsf] lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg
d:of}bf k|:tfjnfO{ dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sn]
kfl/t u/L /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt
ePkl5 ;+zf]lwt lgodfjnL nfu"
x'g]5 . clVtof/n] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f
P]g@)%( / clVtof/ b'kof]u
cg;'Gwfg cfof]u P]g@)$* sf] bkmf
@ cg'ksf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg]
u/L lgodfjnLdf u/]sf] ;+zf]wg
k|:tfj kfl/t ePkl5 g]kfnsf lghL
ljQ / ladf sDkgL cfof] u sf]
cg';Gwfg bfo/df cfpg]5g\ . tL
bkmfx?df lghL a} + s / ladf
sDkgLnfO{ 5fglagsf] bfo/fdf
Nofpg ;lsg] pNn] v 5 . t/,
lgodfjnLdf :ki6 Joj:yf gePsf
sf/0f xfn;Dd tL P]gsf k|fjwfg
cfslif{t x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . e|i6frf/
lgj/0f P]gsf] bkmf @ sf] 3 df
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] s'g} kbdf axfn
/x]sf sd{rf/L / kbflwsf/L klg
;fj{hlgs kbwf/0f u/]sf] JolSt
dflgg] pNn]v 5 . ;f] P]gsf] bkmf @
sf] df ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ cf+lzs
:jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf] sDkgL,
a}s
+ tyf ;ldlt, k|flws/0f, k|lti7fg
;+:yfg jf o:tf k|s[ltsf cGo
;+:yfnfO{ klg ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf
kdf lnOPsf] 5 . ;f] Joj:yfnfO{
e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]gsf] bkmf @ n]
;d]t ;d]6]sf] / ;f]xL bkmfsf] ^ df
;d]t ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf
kdf tf]lsPsf ;+:yfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs
;+:yfsf] dfGotf lbg] pNn]v 5 .
cfof]un] P]gsf log} k|fjwfgnfO{ 6]s/]
/fhkqdf ;" r gf k| s fzg u/L
If]qflwsf/ km/flsnf] agfpg] k|:tfj
dlGqkl/ifb\df u/]sf] xf] . ;/sf/n]
o:tf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/]kl5 @(
jfl0fHo a}+s, ** cf]6f ljsf; a}+s
/ ^% cf]6f kmfOgfG; sDkgLx? klg
clVtof/sf] 5fglagsf] bfo/df
cfpg]5g\ .

r' g jf====
atfP . lhNnf:t/Lo 6f]nLsf] g]t[Tj
ub}{ r'gjf k'u]sf ?s'dsf ;xfos
k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L ch{'g e08f/L
tyf :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L
e/ts' d f/ zdf{ n ] ;+ o ' S tkdf
r'gjfnfO{ hftLo 5'jf5"td'St gd'gf
uflj; 3f] i f0ff u/] s f x' g \ . of]
3f]if0ff;Fu} r'gjf uflj; Ps nfv
%) xhf/ /flzsf] k'/:sf/ kfpg
;kmn ePsf] 5 . r' g jfnfO{
5'jf5"td'St uflj; 3f]if0ff ug{ ToxfF
k'us
] f :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L zdf{n]
lhNnfdf pbfx/0fLo sfd ePsf] eGb}
r'gjfnfO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
tkm{af6 ?= Ps nfv %) xhf/ lbg]
3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP .

ko{
6g===
af]8{sf] gofF /0fgLlt af/] k|sfz kfb}{
af]8{sf sfd' sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;'efif
lg/f}nfn] cfufdL lbgdf ;+VofTds
lx;fjdf ;ef;Dd]ng, k|bz{gL tyf
k|fT] ;fxgsf nflu ko{6snfO{ cfslift{
ug{ ;s] ko{6g pBf]unfO{ 7"nf] 6]jf
k'Ug] atfP . xf]6nsf k|ltlglwxn]
xjfO{ ef8f dxf] ePsf] x'bF f ;ef
;Dd]ng, k|bz{gL tyf k|fT] ;fxgsf nflu
ljb]zLxnfO{ g]kfn Nofpg ufx|f] ePsf]
atfPsf 5g\ . pgLxn] af]8n{ fO{ ko{6s
Nofpg cfgf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] ;xof]u
ug{ klg atfP .
o;} l;nl;nfdf cGt/fli6 o
ko{6g k|j4{gsf nflu gofF /0fgLlt
agfpg g] k fn ko{ 6 g af] 8 { n ]
;/f]sf/jfnf kIf;Fusf] 5nkmnnfO{
lta|tf lbPsf] 5 . o;} qmddf af]8{n]
oxL xKtf g]kfn 6'/ P08 6fen Ph]06
-gf6f_, g]kfn P;f]l;P;g ckm 6'/
ck/]6/ -gf6f]_, xf]6n ;+3 g]kfn xfg_ / g]kfn 6l] s Ph]06; ;+3 6fg_ ;Fu 5nkmn u/]sf] 5 . af]8{n]

gofF /0fgLlt agfP/ cGt/f{li6o ko{6g

k|a4{g tyf ahf/Ls/0f ug]{ tof/L
ul//x]sf] 5 . 5nkmndf af]8{sf
sfod d'sfod sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs
;'efif lg/f}nfn] kl/jlt{t ljZj
kl/j]zcg';f/sf] ko{6g /0fgLlt
cFufNg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] atfP .
xtf/df sfo{qmd Nofpg'eGbf ljrf/
ljdz{ u/]/ cGt/f{li6o k|a4{gsf]
sfo{qmd NofpFbf k|efjsf/L x'g] pgsf]
egfO lyof] . 5nkmndf gf6f]sf
cWoIf czf]s kf]v/]nn] u'0ffTds
ko{6g k|a4{gdf hf]8 lbg'kg]{ atfPsf
lyP . To:t}, 6fgsf cWoIf dx]Gb|l;+x
yfkfn] 6fgn] ljsf; u/]sf] gofF
kbofqf dfu{nfO{ ;a} ldn]/ k|a4{g
ug' { k g] { atfP . gf6fsf cWoIf
kljqs'df/ sfsL{n] l5d]sL /fi6
rLgdf ko{ 6 g k| a 4{ g df lta| t f
Nofpg'kg]{ larf/ JoSt u/] . xfgsf
dxf;lrj cd/ zfSon] ef/tLo
ko{6sx?n] w]/} vr{ ug]{ x'bF f ef/tdf
klg ko{6g k|a4{gdf ;xsfo{ ug'k{ g]{
cf}FNofP . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfkmfdf
rn]sf ;/sf/L ;+:yfg tyf s /
v ju{ s f lalQo ;+ : yfgsf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ clgjfo{ e|d0fsf]
Joj:yf u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ af]8{sf
pRr clwsf/Lx?n] gf6f / xfgnfO{
cfGtl/s ko{6gsf] Kofs]h agfO{
ko{6g k|a4{g ug{ ;'emfj lbP .

hf/sf]
= ==
hf/L k|zf]lwt kfgLsf] dfkb08df
pNn]v 5 . xfn d'ns
' sf] k|zf]lwt
kfgLdf a9L b]lvg] ;d:of xflgsf/s
;"Id hLjf0f'sf] pkl:ylt, kLPr 36L,
a9L x'g' / /;fog a9L k|of]u ePsf]
cj:yf xf], sf]O/fnf eG5g\, cfwf
hlt hf/sf] kfgL 9'Ss eP/ pkof]u
ug{ ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . k|zf]lwt kfgL
pBf]un] Joj;fo ;~rfng ubf{tfsf
ljefun] tf]ss
] f] dfkb08 k"/f u/] dfq
btf{ ul/g] pNn]v ub}{ ljefus}
dxflgb]z
{ s hLjgk|ef nfdf elG5g\,
pBf]u ;~rfng eO;s]kl5 pgLx?n]
u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg ckgfpg'kg]{
k|lqmofx? s]xL pBf]un] hf/L g/fVg]
b]lvPsf] 5 . nfdf;d]t cfhsf]
l:yltdf af]tn jf hf/sf] kfgL cfFvf
lrDn]/ vfg] l:ylt g/x]sf] s'/f
:jLsfl5{g\ . k|fljlwsx?sf cg';f/
hf/ / af]tnsf] kfgLnfO{ 9'Ss;Fu vfg]
l:ylt g/xg' k5fl8 pTkfbgstf{x?n]
ahf/df k7fpg'cl3 u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f
gug]{ jf k/LIf0fsf] k|ltj]bg gs'g;
{ d]t
xf] . hf/, af]tn cflbsf] x/]s Aofrsf]
kfgL k/LIf0f u/]/ Tof] vfgof]Uo /x]sf]
k| l tj] b g cfPkl5 dfq ahf/df
k7fpg'kg]{ xf], k|zf]lwt kfgL pBf]u
;+3sf cWoIf wdf{gGb >]i7 eG5g\,
t/ hfFr ul/Gg jf ul/P klg k/LIf0f
k|ltj]bg cfpg'cl3 g} kfgL ahf/df
k7fO;lsPsf] x'G5 . pkTosfdf
;~rflnt cfwf hlt kfgL pBf]u
;/sf/L lgsfodf btf{ g/x]sf] pNn]v
ub}{ >]i7 x/]s kfgL sDkgLsf] cfgf]
k| o f] u zfnf, k| f ljlws x' g ' k g{ ]
atfpF5g\ . kfgL ;Lwf hg:jf:Yo;Fu
hf]l8Psf] x'gfn] pgL k|zf]lwt kfgLsf]
u'0f:t/;DaGwL k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f
k| l tj] b g cfPkl5 dfq ahf/df
k7fpg'kg]{ atfpF5g\ . ;/sf/n]
u}/sfg'gL kdf gfkmf sdfpg
;~rflnt kfgL pBf]unfO{ t'?Gt aGb
ub}{ btf{ ePsf pBf]udf ;d]t u'0f:t/
sfod /fVg lg/Gt/ cg'udg ug's
{ f
;fy} ofS6L ;'lgof]lht kfg{ k|fljlws
;xof]u;d]t pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ pgL
atfpF5g\ . xfnsf] ;do sl/a tLg
dlxgf s'g} klg vfg] kfgLdf ljZjf;
gu/L Go"gtd !) ldg]6 pdfn]/ jf
lgb]z
{ fg';f/ Snf]l/g rSsL pkof]u u/]/
kfgL vfg Olkl8ldof]nf]hL tyf /f]u
lgoGq0f dxfzfvfsf lgb{ ] z s
8f=hL=8L=7fs'/ ;'emfj lbG5g\ . pgn]
wf/f, hf/ nufotsf kfgLsf] z'4tf
Uof/]G6L ug{ g;lsg] ePsfn] pSt
;'emfj lbPsf x'g\ .

Sofl;gf]df===
k|fjwfg g} x6fOPsf] 5 . sDtLdf
kfFrtf/] xf]6n jf ;f];/xsf] l8nS;
l/;f]6{ kl/;/leq Sofl;gf] ;~rfng
ug'{kg]5
{ , lgodfjnLdf elgPsf] 5,
/, rf/tf/] xf]6ndf dfq cfw'lgs
d]l;g jf pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6

sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$

;femfsf] cfDbfgL ;jf s/f]8

sf7df8f}F . o;} aif{sf] j}zfv ! ut]bl] v

k'gM ;~rfngdf cfPsf] ;femf oftfoftn]
;~rfngsf] klxnf] tLg dlxgfdf ! s/f]8
@! nfv $% xhf/ # ;o #* k}ofF
cfDbfgL u/]sf] 5 . ;femfn] of] cjlwdf
* nfv ^) xhf/ ^% ofq'dfkm{t\ pSt
/sd cfDbfgL u/]sf] ;femfsf k|aGws
dx]Gb| kf08]n] atfP . s'g} a]nf g]kfnL
;8sdf htftt} b]lvg] ;femf ax'bnLo
Joj:yf;Fu} /fhgLlts lgo'Stn] tx;gx;
ePsf] lyof] . aGb ePsf] emG8} !@ jif{kl5
ut j}zfvb]lv ;femf ;xsf/L ;+:yf
lnld6]8cGtu{t ;~rfngdf cfPsf]
;femfn] ofq'x?nfO{ ;Sbf] ;]jf k'ofpg]
k|lta4tf JoSt u/]sf] 5 . tLg dlxgfsf]
cjlwdf ;femfn] ;~rfng vr{ eg] cfkm}nF ]
k'ofPsf] 5, kf08]n] yk], jiff{sf] l;hg
ePsfn] ofqf ug]x{ ?sf] ;+Vofdf sdL
cfPsfn] ;femfn] ;f]rc] g';f/sf] cfDbfgL
ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g, ;femfsf] d'Vo nIo
gfkmfeGbf klg ;]jf xf] . ;femfn]
sf7df8f}s
F f b'O{ ?6df a; ;~rfng ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . ;'?df Po/kf]6b{ l] v sn+sL /
nugv]nb]lv l6lr x'bF } gofF a;kfs{;Dd
v]nfOg] v]n ;~rfng ug{'kg]{5 .
Sofl;gf] ;~rfng ug{ sDtLdf @%
s/f] 8 / cfw' l gs d] l ;g jf
pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 dfq v]nfOg]
v]n ;~rfng ug{ sDtLdf !%
s/f] 8 sf] r' S tf k' F h L x' g ' k g] {
lgodfjnLdf pNn]v 5 . lgodfjnLdf
Sofl;gf] ;~rfng ug{ lgj] b g
b:t'/afkt % nfv / cfw'lgs d]l;g
jf pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 dfq
v]nfOg] v]nsf] xsdf @ nfv nfUg]
tyf Sofl;gf]sf nflu Ohfht b:t'/
@ s/f] 8 / cfw' l gs d] l ;g jf
pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 dfq v]nfOg]
v]nsf nflu ! s/f]8 k}ofF nfUg]
pNn]v 5 . ;w}h
F ;f] /f]oN6L ljjfbdf
kb}{ cfPsf Sofl;gf]af6 ;dod}
aSof}tf p7fpg Ps jif{sf] /f]oN6L
/sda/fa/sf] a}+s Uof/]G6L ko{6g
dGqfnodf a'emfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf klg
ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/sf pRr
clwsf/?n] g} g]kfnLnfO{ Sofl;gf]
k|jz
] df k|ltaGw km'sj' fsf] k|of; u/]
klg dlGqkl/ifb\ cWoIf lvn/fh
/] U dLsf] c;xdltsf sf/0f
lgodfjnLn] k|ltaGwnfO{ oyfjt\
/fv]sf] 5 . g]kfnL gful/s Sofl;gf]
v]Ng / Sofl;gf]:yndf k|jz
] ug{
gkfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] ;x;lrj
e/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP . Sofl;gf]df
nufgL eg] v's'nf] agfOPsf] 5 .
ljb]zL sDkgL;Fu ;+oS' t nufgLdf
Sofl;gf] ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf
lgodfjnLdf 5 . Sofl;gf] ;~rfnsn]
cfsl:ds nfes/ sL u/]/ dfq
e' S tfgL ug' { k g] { Joj:yf klg
lgodfjnLn] u/]sf] 5 . ;+:yfut
;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjaf/] klg
lgodfjnLn] tf]s]sf] 5 . Sofl;gf]n]
k|fKt u/]sf] v'b cfosf] @ k|ltzt
lzIff, :jf:y, v]ns'bh:tf ;fdflhs
sfo{sf vr{ ug{k' g]{ clgjfo{ Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .

cf/lIft===
l;6x?df k'?ifx? a:g] / p7\b} gp7\g]
k|j[lt t 5 g} To;dfly uf8Lsf
:6fkmx?n] klg Wofg glbFbf cf/lIft
l;6 sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx?df
o:tf s'/fx? sfof{Gjog eP ls
ePgg\ eg]/ cg'udg, lg/LIf0f ug]{
lhDd]jf/L 6flkms k|x/Lsf] xf] t/
6flkms k|x/L dfk;] r]shfFrdf dfq
s]lGb|t 5 . csf]{lt/ pkef]Stfx?
cfkm}F klg o:tf ljifodf rgfvf] aGg'
kg]{ eP klg 5f]6f] b"/Lsf] ofqfdf
ckl/lrt JolSt;Fu ljjfb ug{k' g]{
;d:ofaf6 aRg cfgf] clwsf/
vf] l hPsf] kfOb} g . h;n] ubf{
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwgx?nfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg ;s]sf] kfOFbg} .

Pdfn]sf]===
s]kL ;d"x eg] c;Gt'i6 ag]sf] 5 .
g]tf cf]nL z'qmaf/ kf6L{ sfof{no k'u]
klg a}7sdf ga;L kmls{Psf lyP .
a}7sdf cWoIfn] k|lta]bg k|:t't u/]
nuQ} s] k L cf] n L ;d" x sf s] x L
g]tfx?n] dxflwa]zgsf] laifonfO{
a}7ssf] Ph]08f agfpg'kg]{ dfu

** a; ;~rfngdf NofP klg kl5

;femfn] ofq'x?sf] rfk a9]sf] eGb}
nugv]ngofF a;kfs{ ?6df csf]{ ?6sf]
b'O{ a; yk]sf] xf] . %! jif{cl3 ;/sf/n]
:yfkgf u/]sf] ;femf a; @)%* ;fndf
lj36g ePsf] lyof] . @)^& ;fndf
;xsf/Lsf kdf k'g:yflkt ;femn] g]kfn
;jf/L dfkb08 P]g @)^( cg';f/ o'/f] #
dfkb08sf 6f6ff/f pTkflbt %$ l;6]
a; ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf
xfn cGo ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k|foM o'/f]@
dfkb08df ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ .
;femfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] Joj:yf u/]sf]
;fwf/0f ef8fd} j; ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf]
5 . sf7df8f}dF f ;~rflnt cGo a; tyf
dfOqmf]a;sf] Hofbltaf6 jfSs ePsf
;j{;fwf/0fn] ;femf ;~rfngdf cfP;Fu} s]xL
cfgGb dx;'; u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . ;femfn]
cfg} nufgLdf k|lt a; ## nfv #^ xhf/df
vl/b u/]sf] xf] . ;femfn] cfgf] ;]jf b]ze/
lj:tf/ ug]{ nIocg'k ;|ft] x? vf]lh/x]sf]
5 . xfdL ;|ft] sf] vf]hLdf 5f},F ;|ft] h'6k] l5
To;sf] Joj:yfkg u/L ;]jf lj:tf/ ug]{
of]hgfdf 5f},F k|aGws kf08]n] eg] .
u/]sf lyP . t/ cWoIf vgfnn] of]
laifo cfgf] /fhgLlts k|lta]bgdf
/x]sf] / clxn] dxflwa]zg ug]{ ;do
gePsf]n] Ph]08f agfO/xg' gkg]{
hjfkm lbPsf] a}7ssf Ps ;xefuLn]
atfP . cWoIf emngfy vgfnn] kf6L{
/ d'ns
' nfO{ r'gfjdf s]lGb|t ug]{ u/L
/fhgLlts k|ltj]bg k]; u/]sf 5g\ .
r' g fjsf nflu vgfnn] g] s kf
dfcf]jfbL / dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d
g]kfnnufotsf bn;Fu jftf{ u/L
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{k' g]d{ f hf]8 lbPsf]
atfOPsf] 5 . To:t} ebf}sf] bf];|f]
xKtf /fli6o k|ltlglw kl/ifb\ a}7s
ug]{ vgfnsf] k|:tfj 5 . k|:tfjdf
lxhf]b]lv s]lGb|o ;b:ox?n] af]Ng]
qmd ;'? ePsf] 5 .

d' n ' s ====

dfcf]jfbLsf] of] :ki6 gLltn] clxn]
cfd:jfledfgL hgtfdf cfzf
knfPsf] 5 . rf/ bn / jt{dfg
;/sf/ h'g 9+un] /fi6 / hgtfnfO{
3ft ub}{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{
nufd nufpg] Ps dfq zlQm eg]sf]
clxn] g]skfdfcf]jfbL g} xf] . oxL
a'e]m/ clxn] g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf]
Ph]08fdf ;xdt x'g] /fhgLlts
bnx? klg pNn]Vo kdf j[l4
eO/x]sf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] :ki6
c8fg / p;sf] wf/0ffnfO{ lbgk|ltlbg
hg;dy{g a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
o;/L dfcf] j fbLsf] kIfdf
lbgk|ltlbg hg;dy{g a9\b} uPkl5
rf/ bn / ;/sf/ cflQPsf] l:ylt
5 . rf/ bn / ;/sf/ h;/L klg
d+l;/ $ d} ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg
u/fO{ cfgf] k|ltufdL sbdnfO{
j}wtf lbg] k|k~rdf cl8u lyP .
t/, dfcf]jfbLsf] :ki6 c8fg /
:ki6 wf/0ffn] cfd:jfledfgL hgtf
XjfQ} dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf b]lvg
yfn] . To;/L lbgk| l tlbg
dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf hgdt a9\g
yfn]kl5 cflQPsf rf/ bn ca
jftf{sf] gf}6+sL /Rg yfn]sf 5g\ .
pgLx? cfk}mF klg dfcf]jfbL;Fu jftf{
ug]{ / ;/sf/af6 ;d]t jftf{ u/fpg]
k|k~rdf nfu]sf 5g\ .
rf/ bn / ;/sf/n] clxn] cfJxfg
u/]sf] jftf{ sk6k"0f{ lsl;dsf] 5 .
o; jftf{df g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] yf]/}
dfq e"nr's u/] pm hgtfaf6 gflg]
/fhgLlts ljZn]ifsx? atfpF5g\ .
o;y{ ca g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] h'g
cfgf] :ki6 c8fg / wf/0ff
;fj{hlgs u/L cfdhgtfsf] ;dy{g
lng ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L casf]
jftf{ d f klg dfcf] j fbLn] /fi6 ,
/fli6otf / hghLljsfsf kIfdf s'g}
df]nflxhf gu/L b[9 eP/ k|:t't
x' g ' k 5{ . jt{ d fg cj:yfdf
dfcf]jfbLn] lnPsf] c8fg / p;sf]
wf/0ff /fi6 /fli6otf / hghLljsf;Fu
k|i6 d]n vfg] ePsfn] ca kl5 x6\g'
x'Fb}g b]z dfcf]jfbLdo ePsf] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ k"/} ;kmntf xft kg]{
lglZrt 5 eGg] /fhgLlts
ljZn]ifsx?sf] ts{ 5 .

dxluof] s]ansf/

sf7df8f}F . dgsfdgf bz{g k|flnf/f ;~rflnt dgsfdgf s]jnsf/sf]

l6s6 b/df j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ljutdf lnOFb} cfPsf] l6s6 b/df ! ;o %)
k}ofFn] a9fPsf] xf] . o;cl3 $ ;o @% l6s6 d"No /x]sf]df oxL ;fpgb]lv
nfu" x'g] u/L % ;o &% k}ofF k'ofOPsf] xf] . o;cl3 g]kfnL / ef/tLosf
nflu $ ;o @% k}ofF l6s6 b/ /x]sf] lyof] eg] t];|f] d'n'ssf nflu !%
8n/ lyof] . clxn] t];|f] d'n'ssf ko{6ssf nflu @) 8n/ tf]lsPsf] 5 .
;a} If]qdf dxFuL a9]sfn] l6s6sf] efp a9fpg' k/]sf] dgsfdgf bz{g
k|flnn] hgfPsf] 5 . k|flnsf cg';f/ ut cfly{s aif{df dgsfdgf s]jnsf/df
sl/j ;f9] ( nfv ofq'n] ofqf u/]sf] 5 . h;dWo] * nfv ^# xhf/ * ;o
(# g]kfnL, (( xhf/ & ;o $) ef/tLo / % xhf/ # ;o %# hgf t];|f]
d'n'ssf ofq' /x]sf 5g\ ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 clxn];Dddf s]jnsf/df
sl/j *( nfvn] ofqf ul/;s]sf 5g\ . lrtjgsf] r]/];b]lv uf]/vfsf]
dgsfdgf # bzdnj @ lsnf]ld6/ b"/Lsf] s]ansf/ @)%% d+l;/ *
ut]b]lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] xf] .

/fi6;3+ sf] ;'/Iffdf g]kfn k|x/L

sf7df8f}F . k//fi6 dGqfnon] ;+oS' t /fi6;3+ , dn]l;of / vf8L d'ns
' df
/x]sf g]kfnL b"tfjf;df k|x/L ;xrf/L /fVg k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 . k|x/L k|wfg
sfof{nosf] k|:tfjnfO{ u[xdGqfnon] :jLs[lt lbPkl5 k//fi6n] Go'of]sl{ :yt
/fi6;+3Lo ;lrjfno tyf dn]l;of / ;+o'St c/a Old/]6\; ;/sf/nfO{
kqfrf/ u/L cf}krfl/s cfu|x u/]sf] xf] . k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nosf Ps
pRr clwsf/Ln] ;xrf/L k|:tfjdf /fi6;+3 / ;DalGwt b]zaf6 :jLs[lt
cfP ;'/Iff s"6gLltdf ;kmntf xfl;n x'g;Sg] atfPsf] 5 . rf/ jif{cl3
;/sf/n] klxnf] k6s ef/tl:yt lbNnL b"tfjf;df g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;xrf/L
8]:s u7g u/]sf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] /fi6;+3df k|x/L ;xrf/L /fVbf zflGt
ld;gdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg tyf cGo gLltut lg0f{o tyf
5nkmndf ;xof]u k'Ug] hgfPsf] 5 . k|x/L ;xrf/L gx'bF f /fi6;3
+ Lo zflGt
ld;gdf t}gfy g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L ansf] lhDd]jf/L, e"ldsf /
d"Nof+snufot lkIfLo jftf{ tyf 5nkmnsf ljifodf g]kfnL ;]gfn] ;dGjo
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

k'hf/L algg af]6] dlxnf

sf7df8f}F . gjnk/f;Lsf] lqj]0fLglhs /x]sf] jfNdLls cf>dsf b'O{
;Ltf dlGb/dWo] k'/fgf] dlGb/sL k'hf/L x'g\ ;'lsofb]jL af]6] . /fdfo0fsf
/rgfsf/ jfNdLls Clifn] ToxLF tk:of u/]sf] wfld{s ljZjf; 5 . /fj0fn]
x/]/ n+sf nu]sf] ;LtfnfO{ o'4 lht]/ /fdn] kmsf{pF5g\, t/ cs}{;Fu a;]sL
>LdtLnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] eGg] Pshgf wf]jLsf] l6Kk0fL ;'gk] l5 /fdn] efO
nId0fnfO{ ;LtfnfO{ nu]/ h+undf 5f8\g cfb]z lbG5g\ . jfNdLls Clif
hxfF a;]sf lyP . /fdn] Tofu]kl5 ;Ltf klg ToxLF cfOk'u]sf] wd{u|Gyx?df
pNn]v 5 . ;'lsofb]jL af]6] &* jif{sL eOg\ . pgsf] nfdf] hLjg df5f dfg{]
/ 8'+uf rnfpg] >Ldfg\ 7uO{ af]6]sf] ;]jf ub}{ laTof] . ca eg] pgL
afNdLls cf>ddf cfpg] >4fn'x?nfO{ 6Lsf nufOlbg / k|;fb afF8\g
Jo:t l5g\ . of] dlGb/df a:g nfu]sf] Ps jif{ eof] . rf/ jif{cl3 >Ldfg\sf]
lgwgkl5 PSn} ePsL ;'lsof ;Ltfdftfsf] z/0fdf cfPsL x'g\ . dfOtL 3/
gjnk/f;L 808fb]lv blIf0fdf /x]sf] gf/fo0fL gbL lsgf/sf] ufpF cdn6f/L
xf] pgsf] . af]6]sL 5f]/L ;'lsofsf] ;':tf glhssf] ef/tLo ufpF 7fF8Ldf
lax] ePsf] xf] . 3/ dfOtL cfpg] hfg] ubf{ dlGb/sf k'/fgf k'hf/L h'4
lu/L / pgsL >LdtL /fhdlt;Fu ;'lsofsf] lrghfg ePsf] xf] . h'4 /
/fhdltn] cfkm"nfO{ 5f]/Lh:t} dfg]sf] pgn] atfOg\ . k'/fgf k'hf/Lsf Psdfq
;Gtfg /fdz/0f lu/L x'g\ . h'4sf] %$ ;fndf / /fhdltsf] ut jif{sf]
c;f]hdf lgwg eof] . cfdfsf] lgwgkl5 /fdz/0fn] g} ;'lsofnfO{ k'hf/L
a:g af]nfPsf x'g\ . Ps jif{;Dd t d}n] dlGb/df k"hf ug{ ePg . To;}n]
pxfFnfO{ af]nfPsf] x'F . a'af cfdfn] lgs} dfof ug]{ k"hfljlw / hkdGq klg
pxfFnfO{ yfxf 5 /fdz/0fn] eg] . /fdgjdLdf jfNdLls cf>ddf ef/t /
g]kfnaf6 eStx?sf] cf]O/f] nfU5 . ef}uf]lns l;dfgfdf lrtjg lhNnfsf]
ubL{ uflj; j8f g+= ( df kg]{ eP klg of] 7fpF k'Ug gjnk/f;Lsf] lqj]0fL /
ef/tLo e"ld x'Fb} hfg' k5{ . h'4 lu/L k'hf/L /xFbf;Dd lrtjg /fli6o
lgs'~hn] lgoldt tna lbg] ub{Yof] . lrtjg lgs'~hs} ;lqmotfdf lj;+=
@)$# ;fndf dlGb/ klg ag]sf] xf] . h'4sf] lgwgkl5 lgoldt tna
cfpg 5f8]sf] 5 . eStx?n] lbg] bfg blIf0ffaf6} k'hf/Ln] u'hf/ ug{'k5{ .

/f]huf/ art kq kfr u'0ff a9L laqmL

sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] j}bl] zs /f]huf/ art kqdf ljb]zdf
sfo{/t g]kfnsf] cfsif{0f pNn]Vo a9]sf] 5 . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o; jif{ kfFr
u'0ff a9L /sdsf] art kq laqmL ePsf] g]kfn /fi6 a}s
+ n] hgfPsf] 5 . ut
c;f/ #) ut] afF6kmfF6 ePsf] art kqdf $ s/f]8 @* nfv %% xhf/
k}ofFsf] laqmL ePsf] 5 . @)&% ;fndf ;fjfF lkmtf{ x'g] % jif{ art kqdf
;/sf/n] jflif{s !)=% k|ltztsf] Aofh k|bfg ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 . artkq
vl/bstf{n] ^^ df Aofh k|fKt ug]5
{ g\ . aLrdf /sd cfjZos kg]{ JolStn]
art kq lwtf] /fv]/ a}s
+ af6 ;xh} C0f lng klg ;S5g\ . j}bl] zs /f]huf/df
uPsf g]kfnLnfO{ artsf] nflu k|fT] ;fxg ug{] / pgLxsf] cfDbfgL ljsf;
lgdf{0fdf pkof]u ug{sf nflu ;/sf/n] rf/ jif{bl] v artkq hf/L ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ;'? jif{ (=&% k|ltzt Aofhdf $) nfv k}ofF, bf];f| ]
jif{ !)=% k|ltzt Aofhdf ## nfv *) xhf/ / t];f| ] jif{ !) k|ltzt
Aofhdf *^ nfv ^) xhf/ k}ofFsf] C0fkq laqmL u/]sf] lyof] . ;/sf/n]
;fwf/0f C0fkqsf] t'ngfdf j}bl] zs /f]huf/ artkqdf a9L Aofh lbg]
u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndf /]ld6fG;sf] j[l4b/ jflif{s @) k|ltzteGbf dfly /x]sf]
5 . o; jif{ !! dlxgfdf # va{ ** ca{sf] /]ld6fG; lelq;s]s
] f] 5 . To;
cfwf/df art kqdf nufgL ePsf] /sd cToGt} Go"g xf] . ;/sf/n] Ps ca{
k}ofFsf] art kq hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . hgr]tgfsf] cefj / k|rf/k|;f/sf]
cefjn] Go"g art kq laqmL x'g] u/]sf] xf] . o; k6s g]kfnL /f]huf/sdL{df
a9]sf] r]tgf, 8n/sf] d"Nodf ePsf] j[l4 / pRr Aofh b/sf] sf/0f ut
jif{sf] t'ngfdf artkqsf] laqmL pNn]Vo a9]sf] /fi6 a}s
+ /fi6 C0f Joj:yfkg
ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb{z
] s g/axfb'/ yfkfn] atfpg'eof] . ;/sf/n] ut
cfly{s jif{df #* ca{ cfGtl/s C0f p7fpg] nIo lnP klg vr{ ug{
g;s]sf sf/0f !( ca{ k}ofF dfq p7fPsf] lyof] . cGo C0fkq ;+:yfut /
JolStut b'O{ y/L x'G5g\ eg] j}bl] zs /f]huf/ art kq ljb]zdf sfd ug]{
g]kfnLsf] cfDbfgLaf6 dfq lsGg ;lsG5 .

k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com sDKo'6/ tyf d'bs
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM $$^$!%%