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Augmentation of highly viscous laminar heat transfer inside tubes with constant wall temperature

W.J. Marner , Heat Transfer Research, Inc., Alhambra, California, USA A.E. Bergles Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(89)90015-0, How to Cite or Link Using DOI Permissions & Reprints Abstract An experimental investigation of enhanced tubeside flow and heat transfer under laminar flow conditions is reported. The three test sections in this study included a plain tube, an internally finned tube, and a tube with a twisted-tape insert, all with a nominal diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 2.44 m. A highly viscous Newtonian liquid, Polybutene 20, was used as the test fluid. The heat transfer results were obtained in a horizontal test section with nearly constant wall temperature. Isothermal pressure drop, nonisothermal pressure drop, and heat transfer data were obtained over a wide range of the parameters: Reynolds number, 15.1575; Prandtl number, 12608130; Graetz number, 8686570; and bulk-towall viscosity ratio, 0.0046442.8. The effects of free, or natural, convection were negligible in this study. All parameters are evaluated at the arithmetic mean bulk temperature and are based on the inside envelope diameter. Isothermal friction factors for the internally finned tube and the tube with the twisted-tape insert are 1.7 and 3.4 times those of the plain tube for the range of Reynolds numbers tested, with the nonisothermal friction factors showing similar increases. Augmented heat transfer coefficients were above the plain tube values for both heating and cooling. The greatest improvement for heating was for the internally finned tube where Nusselt numbers ranged from 3 to 4 times the plain tube values at corresponding Graetz numbers. For cooling, the twisted-tape Nusselt numbers were 1.52.25 times the corresponding plain tube values. Tabulated values and empirical correlations are presented for all of the data obtained. Keywords

laminar flow; forced convection; augmentation; heat exchangers; measurement techniques

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