PHARMACOGNOSY

1. Definition, History and scope of pharmacognosy including indigenous system of medicines. 2. Various system of classification of drugs of natural origin. 3. Adulteration and drug evaluation; significance of pharmacopoeial standard. 4. Brief outline occurrence, distribution, outline of isolation, identification tests, therapeutic effects and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resin. 5. occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, chemical constituents including tests wherever applicable and therapeutic efficacy of following categories of drug:(A). Laxatives :- Aloes, Rhubarb, Castor oil, Isapaghul, Senna (B). Cardiotonic:- Digtalis, arjuna (C). Carminatives and GI regulators :- Umbelliferous fruits-coriander, Fennel, ajowan, cardamom, giunger, black pepper, asafetida, nutmeg, cinnamon, clove. Unit - III (D). Astringents:- Catechu (E). Drugs acting on nervous system:- Hyoscyamus, belladonna, aconite, ashwagandha, ephedra, opium, cannabis, nux vomica. (F). Antihypertensives :- Rauwolfia. (G). Anti tussives :- Vasaca, Tolubalsam, tulsi. (H). Anti Rheumatics :- Guggal, Colchicum. (I). Anti Tumour:- Vinca. (J). Anti Leprotic :- Chaulmoogra oil. (K). Antyi Diabetics :- Pterocarpus, gymnema, sylvestro. (L). Diuretics :- Gokhru, Punarnava. (M). Anti Dysenterics :- Ipecacuanha. (N). Antiseptics and Disinfectants :- Benzoin, myrrh, neem, curcuma. (O). Anti malarials :- Cinchona. Unit IV (P). Oxytocics :- Ergot, (Q). Vitamines :- Sharkliver oil, Amla. (R).Enzymes:- Papaya, Diastase, Yeast. (S). Perfumes and Flavouring agents :- Peppermint oil, Lemon oil, orange oil, lemon grass oil, Sandalwood. (T). Pharmaceutical Aids :- Honey, arachis oil, starch, kaolin, pectin, olive oil, lanoline,beeswax, acacia, tragacanth, sodium alginate, agar, guar gum, gelatin.

(U) Miscellaneous liquorice,garlic, picorrhiza, dioscorea, linseed, shatavari, shankhpushpi, pyrethrum, tobacco Unit V 6. Collection and preparation of crude drugs from the market as exemplied by ergot, opium, rauwolfia, digitalis, senna. 7. Study of source, preparation and identification of fibres used in the sutures and surgical dressings :- cotton. Silk, wool, regenerated fibres. 8. Gross anatomical studies of senna, datura, Cinnamon, cinchona, fennel, clove, ginger, nuxvomica and ipecacuanha