Module Name : Human Resource Management Module Code : MGM 309 Module Tutor : Md.

Sajjad Hosain Week : 15 Lecture No. : 13 Lecture Topic : Employee Safety and Health --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Why Safety is ImportantSafety and security has become a major concern in many companies specially that deals with flammable chemicals, dangerous machines and equipments; and in unhealthy environment. Therefore, the companies takes safety and health measures for the following reasons1. to reduce the compensation that the company has to pay to the injured or victim as a result of the accident or unhealthy working environment. 2. to raise employee morality as a result of high security and health measures. 3. to improve productivity. 4. To comply with the law that urges firms to take safety measures for their employees.

Causes of AccidentsThere are three basic causes of accidentsA. Chance Occurrences: Such accidents are beyond management control as they happen by chance. For example, someone walking alone and just a ball hits him. B. Unsafe Conditions and Other Work Related Factors: Unsafe conditions are a main cause of accidents. They include the thing like: >Improperly guarded equipments >Defective equipments >Hazardous procedures in, on or around machines and equipments >Unsafe storage-congestion, overloading >Improper illumination-glare, insufficient light >Improper ventilation-insufficient air change, impure air source C. Danger Zones: While accidents can happen anywhere, there are some high-danger zones. About one third of industrial accidents occur around forklift truck, wheelbarrows and other handling and lifting areas. The most serious accidents usually occur by metal and woodworking machines and saws, or around transmission machinery like gears, pulleys and flywheels. Fall on stairs, ladders, walkways and scaffolds are the third most common cause of industrial accidents. Hand tools(like chisels and screwdrivers) and electrical equipments(like extension cords, electric droplights, and so on) are other major causes of accidents.

How to Prevent AccidentsAccidents can be prevented broadly in two ways1. Reducing unsafe conditions, and 2. Reducing unsafe acts

Safety, Security and Health Measures Guided by Bangladesh Labour Act-2006 Cleanliness(Section-51): Every factory/work area should be kept clean and hygienic and should be proper drained, cleaned from garbage, floor should be washed, walls should be properly burnished, painted once in a year at least. Air Flow and Temperature(Section-52): Every room where the workers work should be kept in proper temperature and there should be enough air flow and light. Dust and Smoke(Section-53): All the work area should be properly ventilated and exhaust fan should be installed to exhale dust and smoke crated by any machinery. Drinking Water(Section-58): Source of drinking water for the employees should be installed in a place where everyone can reach and properly written that it is drinking water. Washroom and Toilet(Section-59): Every factory should has adequate washroom and toilet with proper ventilation and soap and germ killing facilities. Male and female toilet should be separate. Security of Building and Plant(Section-61): If any inspector doubts that the building or plant has do not adequate security measures like safe exit, stair or it is dangerous for the workers to use, then he can put written order to the owner to take the measures in a definite period. Fire Safety(Section-62): There should be at least one fire and emergency exit for every building. The exit should be kept open at all the time during work-hours. The fire exits have to be identified with red signals or any way that is easy to understand for the general people. Every stair level of the building should have enough fire-fighting equipment like water, sand, pipe or CO2. Every year at least once a fire fighting demonstration should be arranged. Safe Keeping of the Dangerous Machines(Section-63and 64): Every mover, lade machine, water wheel, electric generator and other dangerous machines should be properly fenced. The worker who have to

examine the moving machines must wear safe overall, helmet and other safety equipments. Flammable, Explosive Gas or Dust(Section-78): If there is the production of any gas, smoke or steam that comes as a result of production, and there is a possibility to explode or creation of fire from the, the company should take appropriate measures to protect the employees from them. 1. Plant or equipment that produces such gas or smoke should be properly fenced. 2. Reducing the amount of dust, smoke, gas or explosives. 3. Fencing the flammable sources. And 4. Providing the proper equipment to the workers to prevent them. Dangerous Equipment(Section-79): Where there is the operation of dangerous equipment that has the possibility of creating health hazards and accidents, the company must1. Declare the equipment as hazardous. 2. Women, teenage and child should not be employed to operate that equipments 3. Regular health check of the workers who operate such machines, and 4. Take protective and welfare measures for the local people who might be affected. Notice about Accident(Section-80): The owner will notify any accidents or danger of fire caused to the inspector within two working days after the incident. Investigation about Accident or Injury(Section-83): If the Govt. has the intension that there is a possibility of accident or injury or happened already, then it can order a formal investigation and punish the guilty authority/authorities. Information about Dangerous Building or Equipment(Section-86): The owner must notify the inspector about any building or equipment that is in a dangerous situation and might be the cause of accident or death of employees. If they are failed to do so, the court might take appropriate steps like closing of the factory, compensating the employee or jail. Primary Aid Box and Doctor or Nurse(Section-89): In every factory there should be one or more primary aid box and doctor or nurse. The box should be placed in such a way that everyone can see it. The doctor or nurse should have an appropriate place to sit where everyone can reach at the time of need. Keeping of Safety Book(Section-90):

Every factory which has the number of employees more than 25 must keep a safety record book in appropriate way. Washing Facility(Section-91): Every company must have washing facilities for its employees. There should be separate washing area for the male and female workers. Canteen(Section-92): Canteen facilities must be provided where there are more than 100 employees. Rest Room(Section-93): Where the number of female employees is 50 or more, there must be a rest room where the workers can take rest and eat. Child/Baby Care Room(Section-94): If the number of female workers is 40 or more in a factory, there is a baby care centre with proper flow of air light and reachable to the working mother.