Coagulation disorders Protein C or S deficiency Thrombophilia Hypofibrinolysis Altered arterial status Angiographic studies have shown obstruction of superior

rior capsular arteries and decreased flow in medial circumflex femoral arteries . The intracapsular ring has been found to be incomplete. Abnormal venous drainage Increased venous pressure in the femoral neck Congestion in the metaphysis Venous outflow exits more distally in the diaphysis. Abnormal growth and development A delay in Bone age of 1.5 to 2 years Low birth weight Low levels of somatomedin C Trauma. In the developing femur (4 7 yrs),the major lateral epiphyseal vessels must course through a narrow passage ,which could make it susceptible to trauma. Hyperactivity or attention deficit disorder Genetic component Familial association. X-Linked recessive inheritance. Environmental influences Low socioeconomic status. Sequel to synovitis Synovitis of the hip occurs early in Perthes disease. Increased pressure in synovitis may cause a tamponade effect on the vasculature Bone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood. Ossification (or osteogenesis) is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts. It is synonymous with bone tissue formation. procallus = fibrocartilaginous callus = soft callus - the first stage (approximately one week) in the healing of a bone fracture; connective tissue stem cells and capillary blood vessels penetrate the inflamed fracture hematoma and as phagocytes clear the debris from the injury, new fibrous connective tissue matrix, then new cartilage matrix, and finally new bone matrix begin to form; the procallus material usually extends beyond the volume previously occupied by the uninjured bone; it represents the second stage in repair of a bone fracture.

Hyperaemia or hyperemia is the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the body.