Code: DE06

Subject: BASIC ELECTRONICS

Coupling Capacitor (Cc): It is an electrolytic capacitor used to couple one stage of amplification to the next stage or load. It allows only amplified ac signal to pass to the other side but blocks the dc voltage. If this capacitor is not used, the biasing conditions of the next stage will be drastically changed due to the shunting effect of Rd. Q.20 Ans: Explain the principle of operation of any one type of MOSFET. Marks (6)

Operating Principle of N-channel Enhancement MOSFET: Operating principle of Nchannel Enhancement MOSFET is shown in fig. 9(a). When drain is applied with positive voltage with respect to source and no potential is applied to the gate, two N-regions and one P-substrate form P-N junctions connected back to back with a resistance of the Psubstrate. So a very small drain current i.e., a reverse leakage current flows. If the Ptype substrate is now connected to the source terminal, there is zero voltage across the source substrate junction, and the drain-substrate junction remains reverse biased.

Fig. 9(a) When the gate is made positive with respect to the source and the substrate, negative (i.e. minority) charge carriers within the substrate are attracted to the positive gate and accumulate close to the surface of the substrate. As the gate voltage is increased, more and more electrons accumulate under the gate. Since these electrons cannot flow across the insulated layer of silicon dioxide to the gate, so they accumulate at the surface of the substrate just below the gate. These accumulated minority charge carriers make N-type channel stretching from drain to source. When this occurs, a channel is induced by forming what is termed an inversion layer (n-type). The n-type drain and gate are now connected by the n-type channel and the current can flow from drain to source. Q.21 Draw the three configurations in which a transistor may be connected showing battery Connections for each. Marks (4) Three Configurations (CB, CC, CE)
IE IC

Ans:

:
I E IC

INPUT SIGNAL _ + EE

IB

RC
_

OUTPUT

INPUT SIGNAL + _

I B V

RC
_ CB

OUTPUT

CB

V EE

Common Base circuit of npn transistor

Common Base circuit of pnp transistor

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