2009 cq,s 05 bßod
l,dj • idys;Hh
nQm;s k,ska úl%uf.a
Tn
ú Y a j d i
lrkafka Tfí
weiao@ uf.a
jpko@ZZ
^f.%dfpda - Marx Brothers Ñ;%má ud,dj&
YsIg
a dpdrfha wjfrdaê;
(Repressed:hgm;a lrk
,o& .;slhka YsIagdpdrh
p,kh lrjhs'
f.dvkexùï ì|jÜgd kj
f.dvkexùï we;s lrjhs'
fï .;slh mqkrdj¾;s;h
wjfrdaOkfha wdprKhka
(Affects) Tn ;= < we;s
lrjkafka ch.%dyS
Woafõ.lr;ajhlao@
mrdð; ldxidjlao@
cd;sl ldxidjla ^@&
1982 jif¾§
m,ia;Skfhka m,d f.dia
f,nkkfha ieÕjqKq
m,ia;Skqjka fidhd
BY%dh, yuqod fufyhqula
Èh;a lf<ah' tys m%ldYs;
b,lalh jQfha ls'ó' 40l
wdrlaIl l,dmhla we;s
ls Í uhs ' tjlg BY% d h,
wdrlaIl wud;H taßh,a
Iefrdka ish wjYH;dj
f,i m%ldY lf<a m,d.sh
m,ia ; S k q j ka fjkq f jka
l|jqre folla we;s lsÍuh'
fï w;rjdrfha
f,nkkfha kj ckm;s
f,i ckm% s h l% s i a ; s h ka
*e,eka.siaÜ kdhl nIS¾
f.udfh,a m;ajQ w;r" m;aù
Èk follg miq fndaïn
m%ydrhlska Tyq >d;khg
,laúh' BY%dh,
ys;jdÈfhl=j isá nIS¾f.a
urKh wog o wNsryils'
bkamiqj *a,eka.siaÜ yd
BY%dh, yuqod w;rg
f,nkkfha§ ueÈjQ
m,ia;Skqjka ;=kaoyila
in% d (Sabra) yd Iá,d
(Chatila) l|jqrej,§
ixydrhg (massacre)
,laúh' ixydrfha j.lSu
Ndr.;a BY%dh, wdrlaIl
wud;H yefrdka jir
úiailg miq BY%dh,fha
w.ue;s njg o m;aúh'
BY%dh,fhka ìysjQ m%:u
iÔùlrK iskud lD;sh jQ
Waltz with Bashir (2008)
ikao¾N.; jkafka Wla;
iudc foaYmd,k
jmißfhah' Ñ;%máh tla
wf;ls k a jD;a ; dka ; -
jd¾;d (Docudrama)
Ñ;%mghls' th
wOHlaIKh l< wß
f*dauka (Ari Folman) o
f,nkka fufyhqug
iyNd.s jQ BY%dh,
fid,aodÿfjls' f;audjla
f,i m,ia ; S k w¾nq o h
iskudj ;=< m%Odk
ud;Dldjla fjñka mj;sk
wjêhl f*daukaf.a
Ñ;% m áh ;s r .; jQ f ha
BY%dh,h msysgqjd 60 jk
ixj;airh jQ 2008
jif¾§h' wms m<uqj
Ñ;%máfha l:d idrdxYh
lshjuq'
f*daukaf.a ñ;=rl= jQ
fndwdia udhdu;sl isysk
o¾Ykhlska jir úiaila
uq¿,af,a mSvd ú¢k nj
f*daukag mjihs' ta n,a,ka
úisyhfofkl= Tyq miqmi
yUdta u hs ' Tyq ks ¾ NS ;
17
• mßirh • Ôú;h •
h:d¾:h ( m%nkaOfha .=Kdldrhla f,i
Waltz with Bashir
wß f*dauka
iÔùlrK Ñ;%mg l,dj isÿre lsÍu
fid,aodÿfjl= fkdjQ ksid
f,nkkfha§ Tyqg ,enqKq
wNHdih jQfha rd;%s
uq r ixpdrfha § n,a , ka
ueÍugh' Tyq n,a , ka
úisyhfofkl= urd we;'
Ñ;%máfha .eg¨j
yg.kafka f*daukag
f,nkka w;a±lSï u;lhg
kxjd.; fkdyelsùfuks'
Tyq g o tla udhdu;s l
oiqkla u;lfha we;' ta
Tjqka ksrej;aj rd;%S uqyqÿ
;Srhl isg f,nkkfha
fnhsrEÜ k.rh ;=<g weúo
hduls' kuq;a Tyqf.a
ñ;=rkag wkqj fï oiqk yqÿ
ys ; ¨jla ñi yenEjg
isÿjQjla fkdfõ' f*dauka
fndfyda ñ;=rka
uq K .efiñka Tjq k a f .a
u;lhka idlÉPd lsÍu
Waltz with Bashir
Ñ;%máhhs'
n,a,kaf.a yUd tau
Ñ;% m áhg idhks l
m%fõYhla .;fyd;a wmg
f*daukaf.ka úuish yels
uQ,sl m%Yakhla we;' tkï
f*daukaf.a ñ;=rd jQ fndwdia
ÿgq nj lshk n,a,ka ;ud
miq m i yUd tk is y s k
úia;r weiSu;a iu. tys
iq,uq, fidhkakg
Ndrfok jHdmD;sfha
j.lSu f*dauka Ndr.;af;a
ukao@ f*dauka ;=< jk
mQ¾j ksYaÑ; jroldÍ;ajh
l= u la o @ is k udlrejl=
f,i f.jkd mYapd;a hqo
Ôú;h ñ;=rdf.a Wla; w¾O
m%nkaOfhka wNsfhda.hg
,lajQfha ukao@
by; m%Yakh Ñ;%máh
;=< f*daukaf.ka muKla
fkdj" f,nkk
fufyhqug iïnkaO ´kEu
mqo.a ,hl=g wod< úh yel'
f,nkkhg md ;noa§ o
isÿjkafka l=ula±Zhs BY%dh,
fid,aodÿjka ±k isg ke;'
kuq;a f,nkkhg
f.dvng fudfydf;a isg
flaj,j Tjqfkdjqka
w;aú¢kafka ukqIH;ajh
f,i Tjqka f.dvk.d isá
mrudo¾Y Ys I a g dpdr.;
ms < s f j, W,a , x>khhs '
wfhl=g ksrmrdfoa n,a,ka
urkakg isÿfõ' wfhla
w;d¾lsl fjä ;eîï yryd
r:hla ;= < is á is ú ,a
mjq,lau urd ouhs' ;j;a
wfhla iuQ, >d;kh jQ
m,ia ; S k q j ka f .a iuQ y
ñkSj<j,a lemSug odhl
fj;s' neÆne,aug fuh
Tjq k a ,o wKls ' ta j d
mq o a . ,hka f,i Tjq k a
úiska .;a ;SrK fkdfõ'
th b;sydifha ;SrKhls'
kuq;a ta w;f¾u" Tjqkg
flaj,j YsIag f,dalh ;=<
lsisod w;ayod ne,sh
fkdyels iydcdYhka (In-
stincts) uqody< yels
flïìula njg f,nkkh
m;aù we;' Tjqka th ryfia
úkaokh lr we;' ñksil=
fkdksñ wdYdjkaf.ka imsß
iudc mq r ella jka f ka
YsIagdpdrfha kS;sh úiska
we;eï foa ;ykï jia;= yd
foa j ,a njg m;a ù fuks '
ñksidg ioaNdjhla"
msremqkanjla Wreujkafka
jdrKfhks ' kuq ; a hq o
úkaokh
ms á hl§ we;eïúg kS ; s h
úiskau kS;sh W,a,x>khg
wjldY ilid § we;' Tn tu
wjia:dj ,nd.;fyd;a"
l%h
s dj,sh wjidkfha wd;au.;
fYaIh jkafka ysialuls' Bg
,ndÈh yels fyd|u kduh
zldxidjZhs' ieneúkau Tn
n,a,ka urd" ñksiqka urd"
is;afia jfÜgu fjä ;shd"
il,úO ¥IKhka fldg
W,a,x>kh lrkafka l=ulao@
.eUqreu w¾:hlska Tn
W,a,x>kh lrkafka Tnjuh'
isysnqoaêh f,i y÷kd.kakd
iú{dkhg wh;a fkdjkd
fuu yUdhdïj,ska (Drives)
ñ§ h<s YsIag Ôú;hg
meñfKkd úg Tn tkafka
ys i a w;s k a fkdfõ' by;
ldxidckl isÿùï jeiSug
ñks i a ffp;is l h m% n ka O
fhdackd lrhs' Tnf.a
Ôú;hg ;SrKd;aul
noaO;djla we;s f,i Tn
yuq f õ m% l a f Ia m Kh jk
^Ñ;%máfha§ f*daukaf.a rd;%S
fjr< ;Sr m%nkaOh jeks&"
kuq;a h:d¾:hg Rcq
w¾:hls k a f;dr o¾Yk
ke;fyd;a iskaf;dauh
(Synthome) mqkrdj¾;kh
jkq we;'
iÔùlrKh brd
jroldß;ajh
f*daukaf.a Ñ;%máh
iÔùlrK (Animation)
Ñ;%máhla f,i ksuùug .;a
;SrKh wdl¾IKShh'
l,dlD;s hkq YsIagdpdrfha
frda. ,laIKhla (Symptom)
nj ufkdaúYaf,aIKfha w¾:
kexfjk úg wm th
jgyd.kafka flfiao@ Waltz
with Bashir Ñ;%máh Bg fyd|
m%fõYhla ,nd§ we;'
Ñ;%máfha mdol jia;= îch
jkafka uE;ld,Sk b;sydifha
jQ fÄockl ukqIH
ixydrhls' ke;fyd;a
ixydrhlg odhljQjka ;=<
fmr<d ksOka.jQ ufkdauh
jdia;úlhls' tkï wfkld
W,a,x>khg ,efnkd
wksjd¾h wKlska miq w;ajk
jroldÍ;a j fha brKuhs '
ldxidjhs' f,nkkfha isÿjQ
m,ia;Skqjka ixydrhg
YdÍßl odhl;ajhla iemhQ
fndfyda fokd ;uka fu;rï
l=ßre iuQ, >d;khla
isÿlrkafka wehs±Zhs fkdoks;'s
isÿùug fndfyda l,lg miqj
l,la fid,a o dÿjka f,i
lghq;= l<" tlsfkld ±ka
iqjmyiq Ôú; f.jñka ld,h
.;lroa§ wdlD;sfhka fjkia
jqjo Tjqfkdjqkaf.a
ix>;Ndjh ìf|kd lsishï
wdprKhls k a le<öulg
,lafõ' ix>; h:d¾:h ;=jd,
fõ' Tjq k a f .a wjfrda ê ;
u;lh tys ienE iajrEmh
fkdf.k fjk;a
wdfõYhka f .ka jßka j r
m%lafIamKh fõ'
f*dauka kï
wOHlaIjrhdf.a iajhx
pß;dmodkhla (Autobiogra-
phy) jQ Waltz with Bashir
jD;dka ; Ñ;% m áhla f,i
ksujkafka ke;sj iÔùlrK
Ñ;%máhla f,i wm yuqjg
meñKsfha ukao@ ñksia
wd;auhg ord.; fkdyels
;rfï m% ; s ú frda O ;djls k a
ixl,kh jQ isÿùula"
ke;fyd;a wmg o
h:d¾:h f,i Ndr.;
fkdyels zh:uhZ (Real)
isÿùula wjfrdaOkhg
,laj ;sfí' th isyk
s uh
wdlD;shlska mßj¾;kh
ù miqj mqkrdj¾;kh
fõ' fu;ek wmg
udkisl frðia;r ;=kla
yuqfõ' isyskuh
mßl,amkSh frðia;rh
^iÔùlrKh&" h:d¾:h
f,i wm w;aú¢k
ixfla ; frðia ; rh
^jD;dka;h& yd h:uh
^jd¾;d Ñ;%mg LKavh&
frðia;rhhs' f*daukaf.a
Ñ;% m áh is k ud;a u l
ioaNjhla f,i .f;d;a
th mßl,amk
^ i Ô ù l r K &
frðia;rfha isg
tljru Ñ;%mgh mqrdjg
wjfrdaê; uQ,h jQ
h:uh frðia;rhg
fþokh fõ' Ñ;%máh
mqrdjg jQ mß.Kl
iÔùlrK o¾Yk
wjidkfha f,nkk -
m,ia ; S k ixydrfha
jd¾;d rEm fm<la m;s;
fõ' tf;la jQ Ñ;%máh
hkq f*dauka o we;=¿
ish,a,ka fuu
wjfrdaê;h u.yeÍug
ìys l< wdLHdkhhs '
Ñ;%máh l,d lD;shla
jkafka ixydrh Rcqj
w;aú£u fjkqjg
jgjkaokdjlska
meñKSfuks' kuq;a merKs
l,d ñkqïj,g wkql, + j
kï Ñ;%máh w¾:hla §u
fjkqjg wdprKhlska
fl<jr ù we;' tkï
;= j d,h fjkq j g th
ksfhdackhg wdfoaYl
iemhSuhs' l,d lD;shla
frda. ,laIKhla f,i
ufkdaúYaf,aIK lshùu
±ka jgyd.; yel'
YsIag;ajfha l<,h
l=ßre wfkld
ch.kakg hkafkl=g
m%ldYs;h wNsnjd .sh
wm%ldYs; j.lSula we;'
ta fu;= j la wfkld
wmf.ka fydrd.;a
m%fudaoh o h<s /f.k
tauh' ta wYa,S,;ajhg
w K f o k a f k a
mS;D;ajfhkauh' ;j;a
ukqIHfhl=g .relsÍug"
Ôú;hla /lSug"
whs ; s j dis l ï /l§ug
Ôú; ld,hla uq¿,af,a
Tng b.ekajQ iudchu
ksYaÑ; ksfïIhl§ ta
is h ,a , wk¾:ldÍj
W,a,x>khg Tng wK
foa kï ''' Tn
W,a , x>kh lrka f ka
Tnjuh - Tn
iodld,slj hgm;a l<
hq;=jkafka tu
u;lhkah' tkï
w;d¾lsl;ajh w;aú£fï
jkaÈhhs' Bg Tn ksujk
m%nkaOh brdf.k tla
fudfyd;l zh:Z Tn
yuqjg meñKSug
kshñ;h' wms f*%dhsâ
Wmqguq( In this process re-
pression is successful in one
particular; the release of
anxiety can to some extent
be dammed up, but only at a
heavy sacrifice of personal
freedom." (The Unconscious
- 1915)
f*%dhsâg wkqj
wjfrdaOkfha wdprKhka
uqody< yelafla nrm;<
f,i mqoa., ksoyi
lemlsÍulska muKs'
iuld,Sk ckm%sh
foaYmd,kfha uqLH
.eg¨jg wms fuys§ wNsuL q ik;af.a Ñ;%mgh ik;af.ka
fjuq' ckm%h s foaYmd,kfha
ÈYdk;sh fln÷o@ ta ix.;
l= , lhlg wNs f hda . hla
f,i ndysr i;=frl=
ksujd" tald úkdYfhka
mßmQ ¾ K;a j h w;a ú £fï
fhdackdjh' Bg fldkafoais
úrys ; j iufma l a I Kh
lrkd m%;súfrdaO;d
tluq;=jhs' fuúgu úrEmS
wfkld m,ia;Skqjd úh
yel" fidaud,shdkqjd fyda
fou<d úh yel' kuq;a
fÄockl wjika cjksldj
úhyelafla ndysr i;=rd
úkdYhg miq wNHka;r
i;= r ka megõ .eiS u h
^iagd,Ska frÔuh isysm;a
lr.kak'& iuld,Sk
ckm% s h foa Y md,kfhka
ke.sh hq;= uQ,sl m%Yakh
jkafka zzTn,d
lemlsÍulg iQodkïo@ZZ
hkak ñi wfklla
fkdfõ' l<hq;f a ;a iïuq;s
úrys;j wfkldg hg;aùu
fhda c kd ls Í u fjkq j g
wfkld o we;=¿j ;uka o
lrjgla .s,S we;s fmdÿ
wNsfhda.h y÷kd.ekauh' ta
wNs f hda . h úkdY ls Í u
b,lal.;jQ iduQysl
lemlsÍu ixúOdkh
lsÍuh'
ïf,aÉP m%pKav
i;=frl= mrdch lrkafka
Ys I a g ;a j h ia : dmkhgh'
kuq;a YsIg a ;ajh ia:dmkhg
we;s m% f õY ljq ¿ j o
m%pKav;ajhhs' wk;=rej
zf,a msmdis;fhl=f.aZ f,a
±l YsIag iudch chmeka
fndkq we; - iudchg
YsIag;ajh fhdackd l<
yela f la Ys I a g ;a j fha u
m%;fs ,dauh jQ ïf,aÉP;ajh
yryduh' ta wkqj
ïf,aP;ajhg tfrysj
ïf,aP;ajh jmqrd
YsIag;ajh fN!;siau fõ'
wmf.a ch.%yKh iksgy q ka
l< yelafla wmu
m%;slafIam lrkd
wfkldf.a wefiys ms<l s ,
= a
wia:dkhg wmu wdfoaY jk
ldxidckl ks f ïIhl
fkdfõo@ zYsIagdpdrhZ ''
th fl;rï ydiHcklo@
ixydrhlska jir
úiailg miq BY%dh, cd;sl
wß f*dauka Ñ;%mghlska
mdfmdÉpdrKhlg
W;aidy lr we;' kuq;a
Ñ;%máh m%o¾Ykfhka miq
wß f*daukaf.au jpk jQfha
fudkjdo@
"Unfortunately, film
can't change the world"
fõ,dik wjÈjQ j ka
Tnf.a kskaog ndOd
lrkafka kï Bg
iudfjkak' ±kau
t<sfjkmdgla fmfkkakg
ke;'•
tlu;a tl rglg
ffoj ia;%shla
meñKSu
pñ,a .S;dx.
t
lu;a tl rgl mqxÑ f.al
ks y ~ iduldó wx.úl,
ñks f yla ;uka f .a iq r ;,a
n,a,d iu. idufhka
ikaf;daIfhka Ôj;a jQfhah' tfy;a tla
ojila Tyqf.a l=vd ksji bÈßfha we;s
ukaÈrhg ffoj ia;%shla meñKshdh'
t;eka mgka weh ksid Tyqf.a Ôú;h wjq,a
ù ;j;a fndfydafofkl=f.a Ôú; o iu.
wjqf,ka úhjq,g hdug mgka .;af;ah'
tñ,a fida,d mYapd;a kQ;k hq.h
olajd Ôj;a fkdùug ;rï jdikdjka;
úh' tfy;a ik;a .=K;s,l ta hq.fha
Ôj;a ù ug ;rï jdikdjka ; úh'
n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh fkdyels ;rug
od¾Ykslh' foaYmd,kslh' nqoaêuhh'
tfy;a th Tyqf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;=
úhhq ; = ;rug is k udkq r EmS ke;'
úrd.fhka miq fyd| k¿jl= ùug ;snQ
wdYdj;a" Ñ;%mg wOHlaIjrhl= ùug
;s n q K q wdidj;a ztlu;a tl rglZ
Ñ;%mgh ;=<k s a bgqlr .ekSug ik;a iu;a
jQ nj we;a;h' Tyq wiu;a jQfha Ñ;%mgh
iskudkqrEmS lsÍugh' tkï ik;a tñ,a
fida,df.ka wid.;a fyd| wmQre we;a;u
we;a; l;kaorhla lshhs' Tyq ta l;kaorh
okshs' fkdokafka th mjik wdldrhhs'
pß; ;=kla iy ne,a,la
ik;a .=K;s,l Ñ;%mgfha ksrEmKh
lrk pß;h hkq ,dxlSh msßñhdf.a tla
w¾Ohla jk ms<f s j,hs' (Order) frdIdka
rùka ø ks r EmKh lrka f ka ,dxlS h
msßñhdf.a wfkla w¾Oh jk kS;shhs'
(Law) ks f rda I d fmf¾rd ks r EmKh
lrkafka fï fudfydf;a ,xldj fjkia
lrñka isák ffoj ia;%shf.a pß;hhs'
;u pß; ksrEmKh i|yd ik;a .=K;s,l
^m%;sM, fudkjd jqj;a& uykais ù we;s
w;r" frdIdka uykais ù ke;' ksfrdaIdg
;u pß;h fjkqfjka uykais fjkakg
;rï fohla ;sî ke;' weh wef.a úÈhgu
wef.a ienE Ôú;fha iajrEmfhka Ñ;%mgh
;=< o fmkS isg we;' flfia fj;;a weh
ksrEmKh l< pß;h weh ;rï id¾:lj
ksrEmKh lsÍug iu;a tl=ÿ ks<shlaj;a
,xldfõ ke;'
Good girl fyj;a ik;a .=K;s,lf.a
ne,a, hkq f.org fldgqù isá msßñhd
úiska wdorfhka j.lSfuka /ln,d .;a
msßñhdg wdorh l< idïm%odhsl ia;%shhs'
ms<sfj,
ik;a .=K;s,l Tyqf.a ne,a, iu.
m%;
S fs hka Ôj;a fjhs' tkï ,xldfõ ksy~
ks i a l ,xl ;eka m ;a ms ß ñhd fyj;a
ms<fs j, Tyqf.a idïm%odhsl .eyeksh iu.
m%S;sfhka Ôj;a fjhs' Ñ;%mgh ;=<§
yÈisfhau ik;a .=K;s,lg ksfrdaId
fmf¾rd olskk a g ,efnhs' tkï ,xldfõ
idïm%odhsl msßñhd fyj;a ,xldfõ
ms<sfj,g Okjdoh úiska ks¾udKh
fldg ngysr yryd tjk ,o ffoj ia;h s%
wkfmalaIs; f,i uqK .efihs' ksfrdaId
ksid T¿j wjq,l a r .kakd ik;a tksidu
;udf.a ne,a, wysñ lr.kS' ne,a, fyj;a
good girl l=Kq f,dßhlg hgù ñhhk
w;r" l=Kq f.dfâu je<,S hhs'
kS;sh
;reK kS;sfõÈhd fyj;a frdIdka
rùkaø ys;j = laldr ksfrdaId yuqfõ m<uqj
;=IaksïN+; fjhs' Ñ;%mgh ;=< frdIdka
rùkaø ksfrdaId ¥IKh lr miqj iudj
b,a , hs ' ms < s ; = r e f,i weh mjid
isákafka" ÿl ;ud ¥IKh lsÍu .ek
fkdj" ta ál fj,djg fyda Tyqg hg;a
ù isàug isÿùu ksid njhs' bkslaì;s
kS;sfõÈhd fidrl= njg m;aù ffoj
ia;%shf.a ksjig msgqmi fodßka fydrd
we;=¿ jk wef.a ryia fmïj;d njg
m;afõ' ksfrdaId kS;f s õÈhdg fydr h;=rla
§ ;ud fj; ryiska msgqmi fodßka
meñfKk f,i Tyqf.ka b,a,d isáhs'
^m%fudaofha laI;sfhka .e,ùug ndOdjla
mßl,amkh lsÍu'& kS;sfõÈhd;a È.ska
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m;aù weh yd ,sx.slj i;=gq fõ' fï
ffoj ia;%sh yuqjk kS;shg w;ajk
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i;=gj q kafka ,sx.slj fkdfõ' wef.a i;=g
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ms<sfj,ska frdIdka" ksfrdaId iy Tjqkaf.a
iïnkaOh hkq kS;sh" ffoj ia;%sh iy
m%fudaohhs'
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wfír;ak& iqúfYaIS fohla we;s njhs' Tjqyq
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ta urKh lrd f.k hkafka m%fudaohhs'
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ljq¿jlska n,d ys¢k ksfrdaIdf.a rEm
rduqjlsks' weh Tn tk;=re n,d isáhs' Tn
iskudYd,dfjka t<shg wd nj we;a;h'
tfy;a h:d¾:h we;af;a iskudYd,dj ;=<
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.e,ù .sh mßÉfþo lsym s hla ±ka yuqù we;'
bka tla mßÉfþohla m%fudaohhs' wfkla
mßÉfþoh ffoj ia;h s% hs' ;j;a mßÉfþohla
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.kS ' Okj;d" Okh wd§ fï ls i s j la
ke;sjkafka ke;' ffoj ia;h s% iy m%fudaoh
wêm;s jkjd muKs' Okjdoh ke;sjkafka
ke;'
ffoj ia;%sh hkq
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wehg fmfkhs' tfy;a Ñ;%mgh krUk
fm%alaIlhdg kï ta ksjdi fol tlsfkld
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we;s nj fkdfmfkhs'
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bÈßfha u wod< l= v d ks j io bÈfldg
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ksjfia .eg¨j Ñ;%mgh mqrdu fndfyda
ia:dkj, tys rEmrduqj, iy
ks¾udKYS,S;ajfha jákdluo úYajdiho
iuia;hla f,i Ñ;%mgh o úkdY lr oud
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hka;ï yß W.;alula ´kE ksiduo
ys;kafka wms yß läirhs yokjo@ ´jd fndre isxy, ys;a we;s nj oksñ'
wms yefudau ;l;Srefjd
lsh,d' wdo¾Y' ;ryd ke;sj uu
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uykaisfj,d lEu /ia l<d¨' tA;a m<Õeáhd we;a;gu l+ô lshkafka yßu lror cd;shla'•

m<uqj udáka kSfud,¾'''

Tjqyq j
¾I 1892 ckjdß 14 jeksod c¾uksfha ,smaiagâys Wm; ,enQ
f*%âßla .=iagdõ tñ,a udáka kSfud,¾ f,dalh y÷kkafka

meñKsfhda''
tod c¾uksfha kdisjd§ka úiska
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uu ta .ek lsisjla fkdlSñ'
ud fldñhqksiaÜldrhl= fkdjQ ksidh'
bkamiq Tjqyq meñKsfhda hqfoõjka fj;h'
uu lsisjla fkdlSñ' ud hqfoõjl= fkdjk ksidh'
B<Õg Tjqyq jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdldÍka urd±uQy'
uu kslï n,d isáfhñ'
uu jD;a;Sh iñ;sldrfhla fkdfjñ'
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uu lsisjla fkdlSñ'
ud fm%df;ia;ka; wd.fï h'
wka;sfï§ Tjqyq ud fj; meñKshy'
i;a;lskau ta jk úg ud fjkqfjka l;dlrkakg
lsisfjla b;sß ù fkdisáhy'
udáka kSfud,¾ ^1892- 1984&
m%;skdisjd§ woyia ±rE mdÈ,sjrfhla f,isks' f,dj mqrd
wkjr;j kej; kej;;a mqkreÉPdrKh jk by; m%ldYh ksid udáka
kSfud,¾ iEu l,aysu okka ;=vZ. /õfok kduhla njg m;aù
we;af;ah' j¾I 1946 ckjdß 6 jeksod *%Ekala*¾Üys mdfmdaÉpdrKsl
foajia:dk ^Confessing Church& ksfhdað;hka wu;d lrk ,o
l;djl§ Tyq by; woyi ±lajQ nj i|yka fjhs' miqj fuys jpk
úúOdldrfhka fjkiaj f,dj mqrd me;sr ;sfnk nj fmfkhs' flfia
fj;;a" tys wre; úiska c¾udkq kdisjdofhys lDDr;ajho" Bg tfrysj ke.S isàfuys u.yer
hd fkdyels wdhdpkho m%lg flfrhs' tmuKla fkdj" wjYH ;ekays§ y~la fkdke.Su .ek
iajhx mdfmdaÉPdrKho tys wka;¾.;h'
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wd¾h ixl,amh ±äj úfõpkh lf<ah' kdis rch foajia:dk ish,a,u ish wNsu;hg wkqj
fufyhùug úreoaOùu fya;=fjka 1937 cq,s 1 jeksod w;awvx.=jg m;aùug Tyqg isÿúh' 1938
ud¾;= 2 jeksod úfYaI wêlrKhla bÈßhg muqKqjkq ,en rdcHhg tfrysj l%shdlsÍu .ek kvq
úNd.hlska miqj ßÉud¾la 2000l ovhlg iy udi 7l isro~qjulg Tyq hg;a flßKs' flfia
fj;;a" Tyq r|jdf.k isá ld,h kshu jQ isro~qjï ld,hg jeä jQ fyhska kvq úNd.fhka
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l< ksidh' kSfud,¾g tfrysj ohd úrys; l%shdud¾.hla .ekSug ;SrKh lsÍfï m%;sM,h f,i
1938 isg 1945 olajd idÉfikayjqika iy vpdjq jOld.dr ;=< isrlrejl= jkakg Tyqg isÿúh'
1945 uehs 5 jeksod miajeks tlai;a ckmo yuqodj úiska Tyq we;=¿ msßi uqod.eksKs'
urK o~qjfuka fíÍug yelshdj ,enQ uq;a kdisjd§ka w;ska >d;kh jQ ñksiqka fjkqfjka
lsisjla isÿlsÍug wfmdfydi;a ùu .ek Tyq ±ä f,i lïmdjQfhah'
jir 92l wdhqld,hlg miq udáka kSfud,¾" 1984 ud¾;= 4 jeksod Ôú;fhka iuq.;af;ah'•