Flow-Induced Vibration Second Edition Robert D. Blevins & KRIEGER PUBLISHING COMPANY MALABAR, FLORIDA. 2001Second Edition 1990 Reprint Edition 1994 wiupdating and new preface Reprint Edition 2001 Printed and Published by KRIEGER PUBLISHING COMPANY KRIEGER DRIVE MALABAR, FLORIDA 32950 Copyright © 1990 by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, In. ‘Transferred o Author 2000, Reprinted by Arrangement, All ights reserved. No partof this book may be reproduced in any form or by any ‘means electronic of mechanical, including information storage and retrieval systems ‘Without permission in writing from the publisher. ‘No lability is assumed with respect tothe use of the information contained herein, Printed in the United States of America, FROM A DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A. } COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COM. MITTEE OF PUBLISHERS: ‘This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative fformaton | rego tee Soa ena uot frmatn publisher is not engaged in rendering. legal, accounting, er oes Drofessional service, I egal advice or other expert assistance is voqired, the Services of a competent professional person should be sought brary of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Blevins, Robert D. Flow-induced vibration / Robert D, Blevins. — 2nd ed, p.m, Originally published: New York : Vn Nostrand Reinhold, £1990, Includes bibliographical eferences and indexes. ISBN 1-57524-183-8 (alk. paper) |. Vibration, 2. Fluid dynamics. I Tite {TA355.B52 1993] 620. 3de20 92-4021 CIP 1, Dimensional Analysis 1.1 Nondimensional parameters 1.2 Application Ideal Fluid Models 2.1. Fundamentals of potential low 22 Added mass 2.3. Fluid coupling 24 Vortex motion Vortex-induced Vibration Yortex wake of stationary crear eyipder Strouhal number Effect of cylinder motion on wake ‘Analysis of vortex-induced vibration Models for vortex-induced vibration Reduction of vortex-induced vibration ‘The problem with bridge decks Example: Marine cables and pipelines Galloping and Flutter 4.1 Introduction to galloping 4.2 Galloping instability 4.3 Galloping response 44 Vortex shedding, turbulence, and galloping 45 Flutter 4.6 Prevention of galloping and flutter 4.7. Example: Flutter analysis of 1927 Ryan NYP 4.8 Example: Galloping of a cable Instability of Tube and Cylinder Arrays 5.1 Description of uid elastic instability 5.2 Theory of fluid elastic instability 5.3 Practical considerations for heat exchangers 5.4. Vibration of pairs of cylinders 5.5 Example: Tube instability in a heat exchanger ee SASELSSELRES Kou0 Vibrations Induced by Oscillating Flow 6.1 Inline forces and their maximum 62 Inline motion 6.3. Fluid forse coefficients 6.4 ‘Transverse force and response 6.5 Reduction of vibration induced by oscillating flow 6.6 Example: Ocean wave-induced vibration of a riser 6.7. Ship motion in a seaway ‘Vibration Induced by Turbulence and Sound 7.1 Elements of the theory of random vibrations 7.2. Sound- and turbulence-induced vibration of panels 7.3, Turbulence-induced vibration of tubes and rods 7.4 Vibration induced by winds 7.5. Response of aircraft to gusts 7.6 Reduction of vibration induced by turbulence 7.7 Example: Wind-induced vibration of a building Damping of Structures 8.1 Elements of damping 82. Fluid damping 8.3 Structural damping 84 Damping of bridges, towers, buildings, piping, and aircraft structures 8.5. Material damping and dampers Sound Induced by Vortex Shedding 9.1 Sound from single cylinders 9.2 Sound from vibrating cylinders 9.3. Sound from multiple tubes and heat exchangers 9.4 Sound from flow over cavities ‘Vibrations of a Pipe Containing a Fluid Mow 10.1 Instability of fuid-conveying pipes 10.2 External axial flow 10.3 Pipe whip 10.4 Acoustical Forcing and Leakage-induced Vibration ‘Appendix C: Aerodynamic Sources of Sound Appendix D: Digital Spectral and Fourier Analysis Appendix E: ASME Code on Flow-Induced Vibration ‘Author Index Subject Index Preface ‘The purpose of this book is to provide mechanical engineers, aeronautical engineers, civil engineers, marine engineers, and students with analytical tools for the analysis of the vibrations of structures exposed to fluid flow. The book assumes some knowledge of structural vibrations and fiuid mechanics. Since the book is basically introductory, a review of vibrations of structures is provided in the appendices, and some explanatory material on the theory of random vibrations is also presented. The text is organized according to the fiuid dynamic mechanism for exciting vibration rather than by type of structure, since any given structure may be subject to several mechanisms for flow-induced vibration. This book represents the sum of twenty-five years of research at General Atomics, San Diego, California; the California Institute of ‘Technology, Pasadena, California; David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock, Maryland; and Rohr Industries, Chula Vista, California, The second edition is revised and expanded from the first edition. The chapter on ideal fluid models is entirely new. All other chapters have been updated and expanded. There is new material on aeronautical problems of flutter and sonic fatigue in addition to the heat-exchanger, offshore, and wind-engineering topics treated in the first edition. Many exercises and examples have been added to make the book more suitable for use as a text book. In this Krieger reprint edition, all known errors have been corrected and updates have been made to reflect current research. Since many systems that are prone to flow-induced vibration are also governed by the ASME code, new information on vibration-related code rules has been added. Appendix E contains procedures for flow-induced vibration analysis given in Appendix N, Code Section 3, of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1992. Table 3-2. gives Code recommendations for calculating vortex-induced vibration of cylinders, Figure 5-6(a) gives Code recommendations for calculation of instability in tube arrays, and Sections 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 present methods consistent with the Code for turbulence-induced vibration.