19-Feb-11

Chng 2 DIODE BN DN 2.1 Khi nim

Diode l mt linh kin bn dn 2 cc, cu to c bn da trn chuyn tip PN. in cc ni vi bn dn P gi l Anode (A), in cc ni vi bn dn N gi l Cathode (K). Anode (P) Cathode (N) K hiu ca diode bn dn

Mt s hnh dng ca cc loi diode

2.2 Cc tham s ca diode bn dn

1. in tr mt chiu (in tr tnh): - Theo chiu thun: R th = - Theo chiu ngc: R ng = (C gi tr t vi n vi chc )
Vng Ing

V th Ith

(C gi tr rt ln, hng trm K)

2. in tr xoay chiu (in tr vi phn):

rd =
T - Khi diode lm vic trn im gin on: rD = I + rB ( ) 0 .026 + rB ( ) - nhit phng: rD = I - Khi diode lm vic vi dng cao th c th b qua rB.

dV dI

19-Feb-11

2.2 Cc tham s ca diode bn dn

3. in dung tng ng: C0 = C hng ro + C khuch tn 4. Mt vi tham s gii hn khc: - in p ngc cc i cho php V ngc max. - Dng in thun cc i cho php Imax. - Cng sut tiu hao cc i cho php Pmax. - Tn s cc i cho php ca tn hiu xoay chiu Fmax.

2.3 Phn tch mch DC cha diode

Gi s l diode silicon c phn cc thun sao cho c dng in im lm vic nm trn im gin on (the knee): E = I.R + 0.7 (V) I = (E 0.7)/R (A)
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(V = 0.7 in p dn ca diode V)

19-Feb-11

2.4 Phn tch mch tn hiu nh cho diode

Tn hiu nh c xem l on lm vic ca diode trn c tuyn nh c th xem l tuyn tnh.

v ( t ) = E + A sin t
p dng nguyn l xp chng cho mch tuyn tnh: E 0 .7 A i (t ) = I + i = + s in t R R + rD

v (D ) = 0 .7 +

rD A s i n t R + rD

2.4 Phn tch mch tn hiu nh cho diode

- i vi ngun DC: I = (E 0.7) / R (A) - i vi ngun AC:

rD =

0.026 () I

i=

e A = sin t R + rD R + rD
E 0 .7 A + s in t R R + rD r A s in t = 0 .7 + D R + rD

- Tng hp:

i (t ) = I + i =
v
(D )

19-Feb-11

2.5 ng ti
Phn tch tn hiu nh c th s dng pp th: ng ti DC biu din mi quan h ca I,V trn diode khi c phn cc ca in p DC.

2.5 ng ti
- im lm vic ca diode chnh l giao im ca ng ti v c tuyn. - Giao im ny c gi l im lm vic tnh hay im phn cc, k hiu l Q.

19-Feb-11

2.5 ng ti

2.6 Phn tch tn hiu ln cho diode

- Ch tn hiu ln khi s thay i ca dng in v in p ca diode m rng ra trn ton b c tuyn. - Khi in tr ca mt diode thay i t rt nh n rt ln, n hot ng ging nh mt cng tc (switch). - Mt cng tc l tng c in tr bng khng khi ng v in tr l v cng khi m. - Diode c th c xem nh mt cng tc c iu khin bng in p: ng khi c phn cc thun v m khi phn cc ngc.

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19-Feb-11

2.7 Chnh lu
- Mch chnh lu l mch ch cho php dng in chy qua n theo mt chiu. - Bin in xoay chiu thnh in mt chiu. - Diode s dng trong mch ny gi l diode chnh lu.

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V d
Cho mch in nh hnh v, diode Ge c V= 0.2V, ni tr rD khng ng k. Ti RL = 9, ngun tn hiu vo c ri = 1. 1. Bit in p vo c dng xung vung hoc hnh sin, bin 10V. Hy v dng sng v xc nh in p trn ti RL. 2. Vn cu hi 1 nhng khi vi(t) l hnh sin c bin 1V. Xc nh gi tr in p trn ti ti thi im t = /2.

VL

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19-Feb-11

Hng dn
1. - Dng qua ti RL: iL =

v i V ri + RL

- p ri trn ti:
v L (t) = v i V ri + RL x RL

- V V << vi, nn c th b qua V : vi v L (t) = x R L = 0 .9 v i ( t ) ri + RL

V 10 9

V vL vi
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vL vi

-10

Hng dn
2. Khi vi nh, khng th b qua V. Diode ch dn in trong khong thi gian vi > V, ti t = /2:
v L (t) =
vi 1V V=0.2V t

v i V ri + R L

x RL =

(sin t 0 .2 ) .9 = 0 .72 V 10

VL 0.72V t
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19-Feb-11

2.8 Diode n p (Zener)

K hiu:

c tnh: - Ch to bng vt liu chu nhit v ta nhit tt. - Hot ng ch phn cc ngc. - on lm vic trn phn c tuyn song song vi trc tung.

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2.8 Diode n p (Zener)

VZ

V1

V2

A Q B

IZmin IZ IZmax

V1: in p 1 chiu cha n nh. V2: in p ly ra trn ti n nh. R1: in tr hn dng cho diode, sao cho Q nm trn on AB.
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Imax =

Pmax Vng

c tuyn V-A ca diode Zener

19-Feb-11

V d
Cho mch in nh hnh v: R1 = 300; R2 = 1200. Xc nh phm vi thay i ca Vi c in p ra trn ti R2 n nh mc 10V. (Chn loi diode Zener c VZ = 10V, IZmin = 10mA, IZmax = 30mA.)
IR Vi+Vi IZ IL VL

Hng dn
- Dng qua ti:

IL =

- p dng nh lut Ohm:

VL = 8.3 (mA ) R2

Vi = IRR1 + VZ = (IZ + IL )R1 + VZ

Vimin = 15.5 V

; Vi max = 21.5V

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