K Peter's Method for Upheaval Buckling Analysis 1 - Pipeline Input data for bend angle =311 Deg Pipeline

Outside diameter = D Pipeline wall thickness = t Pipeline intwernal Diameter = d

D := 219 mm t := 12.7mm d := D 2 t d = 0.194 m E := 207000MPa

Modules of Elasticity = E P := 13.85 MPa Internal Pressure = P T2 := 110 Maximum Design Temperature(Degtrees Celsius)=T2 T1 := 28 Installation Temperature(Degtrees Celsius)=T1 SMYS := 415 MPa Specific Minimum Yield Stress=SMYS t1 := 0.3mm FBE Thickness = t1 fbe := 1500 FBE Density = fbe t2 := 0.2mm Adhesive Thickness = t2 Adhesive Density = ad t3 := 2 mm Polypropylene Thickness = t3 pp := 990 Polypropylene Density = pp s := 7850 kg m
3

kg m
3

ad := 900

kg m
3

kg m
3

Steel Density = s

cont := 119 Content Density= cont := 0.3 Poissons Ratio= Thermal Expansion Coefficient = Uplift Coefficient = f Pipeline Burial Depth to top including 1m for berm = HI Backfill Dry Soil Density over Active Length (compacted) = bc

kg m
3

:= 0.0000117 f := 0.4 HI := 2 m bc := 1600 kg m

3

Pipeline Calculation
Pipe cross section Area = A

A :=

D2 d 2 4
3

A = 8.231 10 Ap := d 4
2 2

Pipe Internal Area = Ap

Ap = 0.029 m I :=

Moment Of Inertia = I

D4 d4 64
5

I = 4.395 10 Flexural Regidity = EI EI := E I

EI = 9.099 10

3 6 m kg

s Outside Diameter Over all Coating = OD

OD := D + 2 t1 + 2 t2 + 2 t3 OD = 0.224 m Wfbe := FBE Weight = Wfbe fbe ( D + 2 t1) D

2 2

Wfbe = 0.31

kg m

2 2 ( D + 2 t1 + 2 t2) ( D + 2 t1) Wad := ad

Adhesive Weight Wad Wad = 0.124 kg m

Polypropylene Weight = Wpp

22 pp 2 2 Wpp := OD ( OD 2 t3) 4 7 kg Wpp = 1.381 m Ws := A s Ws = 64.613 kg m

Steel Weight Per unet Length = Ws

Total Weight Empty = Wte

Wte := Ws + Wfbe + Wad + Wpp Wte = 66.429 kg m

2 cont

Total Weight Operating = Wto

Wto := Wte + d Wto = 69.932 kg m

Pipeline Compressive Restraining Force (Frestre)

Maximum Allowable Stress = Sa

Sa := 0.9 SMYS Sa = 3.735 10 Pa

8

Sh := P Tensile Hoop Stress = Sh

2t 8 Sh = 1.194 10 Pa SL := E ( T2 T1 ) ( Sh)

Compressive longitudinal Stress = SL

SL = 1.628 10 Pa Frestr := E A ( T2 T1 ) + ( 1 2 ) P Ap

Compressive Restraining Force = Frestr

Frestr = 1.798 10 N

Calculation of Buckling Length

:= Buckling length = 4

EI Frestr

= 14.135 m

Calculation of Ultimate Soil Resistance

Ultimate Soil Resistance = R1

R1 := g HI D bc 1 + f
R1 = 3.266 10
4 kg

HI

+ Wto D

Calculation of allowable / Remaining Stress

Allowable Bending Stress = all

all := Sa Sh SL all = 9.131 10 Pa

7

Calculation Allowable bending Angle

Guess: guess := 0.01

Given

1 guess cos( guess) Frestr sin( guess ) = all

2 := Find( guess ) = 0.254

D E R1

 1 cos( ) sin( ) = 0.111

2 Allowable Bend Angle in Radian = ABAR ABAR := R1 Frestr ABAR = 0.065 ABAD := ABAR ABAD = 3.737 180

Allowable Bend Angle in degree = ABAD

Calculation Allowable Depth for Bend angle 3.1 Degree

Proposed Bend anglee in degree = BAPD1 BAPD1 := 3.1 BAPR := BAPD1 BAPR = 0.054 180

Proposed Bend Angle in radian = BAPR

Guess:

2guess := 0.01

Given

1 2guess cos( 2guess ) sin( 2guess ) = all

2 2guess 2 := Find( 2guess ) 2 = 0.3 Rreq := Frestr BAPR 2
4 kg

D E BAPR

Rreq = 2.291 10

s Hreq1 := D f

Rreq Wto f + 1 1 g 4 2 bc D2

Hreq1 = 1.628 m

The Height required for Angle 3.1 = Ha Berm height = Bh

Bh := 1 m

Ha := Hreq1 Bh Ha = 0.628 m