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The Dawn
khj ,jo;> nghOJ 27 [_iy> 2011
vidiyalmagazhine.blogspot.com vidiyalmagazhine@gmail.com

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nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

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Ritahd epfo;Tfs; fy;fp vOjp rpth[p fNzrd; ebj;j fs;tdpd; fhjyp vd;w glj;jpy; "ntapw;Nfw;w epoYz;L tPRk; njd;wy; fhw;Wz;L" vDk; ftpkzpapd; ghliyg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldu;. mjw;F nfhLg;gjw;fhf xU ngUe; njhifia vLj;Jf;nfhz;L rpd;d mz;zh kiyAk; rpth[p fNzrDk; ftpkzpiar; re;jpf;f mtuJ ,y;ykhd Gj;jd; re;ijf;Fr; nrd;wdu;.
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rpth[p fNzridj; njupatpy;iy. ghlYf;fhf xU ngUe;njhifia rpth[p nfhLf;fTk; mij thq;f kWj;J ,e;j ghly; ehd; vg;NghNjh vOjpaJ mjw;F ,J Njit ,y;iy jk;gp vd;W kWj;J tpl;lhu; ftpkzp. fiythzupd; Kaw;rpahy; ftpkzp apd; ghly;fs; igj;jpaf;fhud;> kzkfs;> Kjy;Njjp glq;fspy; ,lk; ngw;wJ. xUKiw k.ngh.rp Nghd;w

ftpkzpapd; E}y;fs; 1. Mrpa N[hjp> (1941) 2. kyUk; khiyAk;> (1938) 3. kUkf;fs;top khd;kpak;> (1942) 4. fju; gpwe;j fij> (1947) 5. ckhu; fa;ahk; ghly;fs;> (1945) 6. Njtpapd; fPu;j;jdq;fs;> 7. FOe;ijr;nry;tk;> 8. ftpkzpapd; ciukzpfs;>
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jd; tuyhW E}y;fs; xu; ,yf;fpathjpapd; murpay; mDgtq;fs; (mf;Nlhgu; 1974 ) xu; ,yf;fpathjpapd; fiyAyf mDgtq;fs; (nrg;lk;gu; 1980 ) Xu; ,yf;fpathjpapd; gj;jpupif mDgtq;fs; (brk;gu; 2009) tho;f;if tuyhW tho;tpf;f te;j fhe;jp 1973 (nuhnkapd; nuhNyz;l;bd; /g;nuQ;R nkhopapy; te;j fhe;jpapd; jd;tuyhw;wpd; jkpohf;fk; ) xU fjhrpupadpd; fij (Nk 1989 (gpNuk;re;jpd; tho;f;if tuyhW) ehty;fs; kw;Wk; FWehty;fs; 1.tho;f;if miof;fpwJ (Mf];l; 1957) 2.iftpyq;F ([dtup 1961) 3.ahUf;fhf mOjhd;? (ngg;utup 1962) 4.gpuk;k cgNjrk; (Nk 1963)

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nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

5.gpupahyak; (Mf];l; 1965) 6.fUizapdhy; my;y (etk;gu;1965) 7.ghuPRf;Fg; Ngh! (brk;gu; 1966) 8.Nfhfpyh vd;d (etk;gu; 1967) 9.rpy Neuq;fspy; ([_d; 1970) nra;Jtpl;lhs;? rpy kdpju;fs; ghu;f;fpwhs;

24.,e;j Neuj;jpy; ,ts;... (1980) 25.fhj;jpUf;fh xUj;jp (nrg;lk;gu; 1980) 26.fhU (Vg;uy; 1981) 27.MAj G+ir (khu;r; 1982) 28.Re;ju 1982) fhz;lk; (nrg;lk;gu; NjNu ehk;

10.xU ebif ehlfk; ([dtup 1971)

29.<];tu my;yh ([dtup 1983)

11.xU kdpjd; xU tPL xU cyfk; (Vg;uy; 1973) 12.n[a 1977) n[a rq;fu... (nrg;lk;gu;

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13.fq;if vq;Nf Nghfpwhs; (brk;gu; 1978) 14.xU FLk;gj;jpy; ([dtup 1979) 15.ghtk;> ,ts; (khu;r; 1979) xU elf;fpwJ... ghg;ghj;jp!

34.fOj;jpy; tpOe;j (nrg;lk;gu; 1984)

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fijfs; (Mf];l; 1980)

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nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

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8
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[hu;[; ngu;dhl;~h (1856 Mk; Mz;L [_iy 26 - 1950 Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 2 ) xU mau;yhe;J ehlf Mrpupauhthu;. ,ir kw;Wk; ,yf;fpa tpku;rdNk mtuJ Kjy; ,yhgj; jd;ik nfhz;l vOj;Jg; gilg;Gfs; MFk;. mjpy; jdJ jpwidf; nfhz;L kpf Neu;j;jpahd gj;jpupifg; gilg;Gfs; gytw;iw vOjpdhu;. mtuJ gpujhd jpwik ehlfNk 60f;Fk; MFk;. NkYk; mtu; Nkw;gl;l ehlfq;fis

ngWjy;> ciof;Fk; tu;f;fj;jpdu; Ruz;lg;gLtij xopj;jy;> cw;gj;jp epyq;fspd; cupikia kPl;ly; MNuhf;fpakhd Kiwiag; gug;Gjy; jdpahu; kw;Wk; tho;f;if Mfpait

vOjpAs;shu;. mtuJ midj;J vOj;Jg; gilg;GfSk; r%fj;jpy; ngU thupahf epytptUk; rpf;fy; fisg;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

njhlu;ghd nrhw;nghopTfis epfo;j;Jk; nrhw;nghopthsuhdhu;.

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

ngu;dhl;~h> nlsd;nrz;l; Townshend)

rhu;Nyhl; (Charlotte vd;w

gha;ndPayner%f

mijg; Nfhupdhu;.

gad;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;sf;

rPu;jpUj;jthjpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;L mtUlNd tho;ej ; hu;. mtu;fs; ~h];t;]; fhu;du; (Shaw's Corner) vd;W ,d;W miof;fg;gLk; MNahl; nrapz;l;. yhud;]py; (Ayot St. Lawrence) cs;s tPl;by; trpj;Jte;jdu;. ,yf;fpaj;jpw;fhd Nehgy; gupR (1925) kw;Wk; M];fhu; (1938) tpUJ Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; ngw;wtu; ,tu; xUtNu. mtu; ,t;ntFkjpfis KiwNa ,yf;fpaj;jpw;fhd mtuJ gq;fspg;Gf;fhfTk; gpf;Nkypad; vd;Dk; jpiug;glj;jpd; gzpf;fhfTk; ngw;whu;. ntFkjpfSf;fhd Mir jdf;F ,y;iy vd;gjhy; ngu;dhl;~h cldbahf Nehgy; gupir epuhfupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd epidj;jhu;. Mdhy; mtuJ kidtpapd; Ntz;LNfhs; gb Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;: mtuJ kidtp mij mau;yhe;Jf;F nfsutk; vdf; fUjpdhu;. gupRj; njhifia mtu; epuhfupj;J mij ];tPb]; Gj;jfq;fis nkhopngau;g;gjw;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

,Wjp tUlq;fs; mtuJ ,Wjp Mz;Lfspy; ngu;dhl;~h> ~h];t;]; fhu;dupd; khehLfSf;Fr; nry;tjd; %yk; kfpo;e;jhu;. mtu; jdJ 94 Mk; tajpy; kuk; ntl;Lk; NghJ fPNo tpOe;jjhy; Vw;gl;l fhaq;fsp dhy; cUthd rpWePuf nraypog;ghy; Vw;gl;l tPo;g; gbTfshy; ,we;jhu;.[12] mtuJ rhk;gYk; mtuJ kidtpapd; rhk;gYk; mtu;fsJ Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j nrapz;l; N[hd; rpiyf;F mUfpYk; mjd; eil ghijfisr; Rw;wpYk; J}tg;gl;lJ.
[_iy 26Mk;ehs; [hu;[; ngu;dhl;~h mtu;fspd; gpwe;jehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ

xU nra;jp
FLk;gf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk; Nghy tPLfl;Lg;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk; nfhz;L te;jhy; fhL tayhfhJ - tay; tPl;lbkidahfhJ. fhl;ilr;RUf;fp tPl;ilg; ngUf;fNtz;lhNk! rp. mUz;Fkhu; Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay;

Mq;fpyj;jpy; fhd epjpahf

10

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

kiwkiyabfs;
tp. etPd;uh[_>
,uz;lhkhz;L capu; Ntjpapay;

kiwkiy

(Ntjk;

kiw> vd;W

mryk; kiy) khw;wpf;nfhz;lhu;.

mtUf;Fg; gpd; 4 jk;gpkhUk; (jpUQhd thrfk;> Re;ju%u;j;jp jq;ifkhUk; rk;ge;jk;> khzpf;f jpUehTf;fuR> MfpNahu;) 2 (ePyhk;gpif>

jpupGuRe;jup MfpNahu;) gpwe;jdu;. kiwkiymbfs;> ehifapy; kiwkiy mbfspd; ,aw;ngau; Ntjhryk;. ,tu; 1876 R+iy 15 Mk; ehs; khiy 6.35f;Fg; jpUf;fOf;Fd;wj;jpNy gpwe;jhu;. ,tu; je;ijahu; nrhf;fehju;> jhahu; rpd;dk;ikahu;. je;ijahu; ehfg; gl;bdj;jpy; kUj;Jtuha; gzpahw;wp mWit te;jhu;. nt];ypad; kp\d; fy;Y}upiar; Nru;e;j cau;epiyg;gs;spapy; ehd;fhk; gbtk; tiu gbj;jhu;. mtUila je;ijahupd; kiwT fhuzkhf mtuhy; gs;spg;gbg;igj; njhlu Kba tpy;iy. Mdhy;> jkpo;g; Gyik kpFe;j ehuhazrhkp gps;is vd;gtuplk; jkpo; fw;whu;. 'irt rpj;jhe;j rz;lkhUjk;' vd;W Gfo; ngw;wpUe;j NrhkRe;ju ehaf;fuplk; fw;whu;. irt rpj;jhe;jk;

gy;yhz;Lfs; gps;isg;NgW ,y;yhky; ,Ue;J jpUf;fOf;Fd;wk; rptd; Ntjhry iuAk;> nrhf;fk; ikiaAk; Nehd;gpUe;J ngw;wjhy;> jk; mk;ik Ntz;b

gps;isg;NgW gps;isf;F

nrd;idf;F

te;j

gpd;du;f;

Ntjhryk; vd;W ngaupl;lhu;. gpd;du;j; fhuzkhf jdpj;jkpo;g;gw;W 1916,y; jk; ngaiu

fpwpj;jtf; fy;Y}upapy; tP.Nfh. R+upaehuhaz rhj;jpupahUld; jkpohrpupauhfg; gzpGupe;jhu;. gy Mz;Lfs; Nguhrpupauhfg; gzp ahw;wpagpd;> gy;yhtuj;jpy;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

11

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

,uhkypq;fupd;

nfhs;ifg;gb

1905

gilj;j E}y;fs;
1.nghUe;Jk; czTk; czTk; (1921) 2.kf;fs; capu;tho;f;if> njhFjpfs; (1933) 3.kdpj trpak; kdf;ftu;r;rp (1927) nghUe;jh E}whz;L ,U my;yJ

,y; irt rpj;jhe;j kfh rkh[k; vd;w mikg;igj; Njhw;Wtpj;jhu;. mjd; Vw;whu;. khehl;Lj; jiyikiaAk;

jpUKUfd; Vw;gLj;jpg; ntspapl;lhu;.

mr;Rf;$lj;ij gy E}y;fis kzpnkhop E}y;

epiyak; vd;Dk; E}y; epiyaj;ij cUthf;fpdhu;. ,tu; fhyj;jpy; gy Gfo; ngw;w jkpowpQu;fs; tho;e;jdu;. kNdhd; kzPak; ,aw;wpa Re;judhu;> ngUk;Gytu; fjpiuNtyu;> jpU. tp. fypahzRe;judhu;> ehtyu; r. NrhkRe;ju ghujpahu;> jzpifkzp t.R.nrq;fy;tuhau;> urpfkzp b. Nf. rpjk;guehju;> Nguhrpupau; r. itaGupahu;> Nfhit ,uhkypq;fk;> Rg;gpukzpa Re;judhu;> ghujpahu;> nghj;jf kPdhl;rp tzpfUk;

4.Nahf epj;jpiu: mwpJapy; (1922) 5.njhiytpy; czu;jy; (1935) 6.kudj;jpd;gpd; (1911) kdpju; epiy

7.rhFe;jy ehlfk; (rkRfpUjj;jpy;

,Ue;J

nkhop ngau;j;jJ) (1907) 8.rhFe;jy ehlf Muha;r;rp (1934) 9.Qhdrhfuk; khjpif (1902) 10.Oriental Mustic Myna Bimonthly (1908-1909) 11.Ocean of wisdom> Bimonthly(1935) 12.Ancient and Modern Tamil Poets (1937) 13.Kw;fhy gpw;fhyj; GyNthu; (1936) 14.Ky;iyg;ghl;L(1903) jkpo;g;

kNdhd;kzPak; Mrpupau; Re;judhupd; MrpupaUk; Md ehuhazrhkp> 'irtrpj;jhe;j rz;lkhUjk;' vd;W Gfog;gl;l NrhkRe;ju ehafu;> vd;W gyu; tho;e;j fhyk;.

Muha;r;rpAiu

jdpj;jkpo; Mu;tk; mUl;gh-kUl;gh Nghu;> njhz;Lfs;> ,e;jp vjpu;g;G

tpbay; khj ,jo;

15.gl;bdg;ghiy (1906) 16.Kjw;Fws; thj epuhfuzk; rkaj; (1898) 17.jpUf;Fws; Muha;r;rp (1951)

12

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

18.Kdpnkhopg;g;ufhrpif

(ghly;fs;)

40.JfsW Nghjk;> ciu (1898) 41.Ntjhe;j kj tprhuk; (1899) 42.Ntj rpthfkg; gpuhkz;ak; (1900) 43.Saiva Siddhanta as a Philosophy of Practical Knowledge (1940) 44.irt (1906) 45.rptQhd (1958) rpj;jhe;j Nghj QhdNghjk; Muha;r;rp

(1899) 19.kiwkiyabfs; ghkzpf; Nfhit (ghly;fs;) (1977) 20.mk;gpfhgjp mkuhtjp (ehlfk;)

(1954) 21.Nfhfpyhk;ghs; fbjq;fs; (Gjpdk;) (1921) 22.FKjty;yp: my;yJ ehfehl;lurp (Gjpdk;) (1911) 23.kiwkiy mbfs; fbjq;fs;

(1957) 24.mwpTiuf; nfhj;J (1921) 25.mwpTiuf; Nfhit (1971) 26.ciukzpf; Nfhit (1972) 27.fUj;Njhtpak; (1976) 28.rpe;jidf; fl;Liufs; (1908) 29.rpWtw;fhd nre;jkpo; (1934) 30.,isQu;f;fhd ,d;wkpo; (1957) 31.jpUnthw;wp Kk;kzpf;Nfhit (1900) KUfu;

46.Can Hindi be a lingua Franca of India? (1969) 47.,e;jp nghJ nkhopah ? (1937) 48.rhjp Ntw;WikAk; Nghypr; irtUk; (1913) 49.Tamilian and Aryan form of Marriage (1936) 50.jkpo; ehl;ltUk;> Nky;ehl;ltUk; (1936) 51.goe;jkpo;f; nfhs;ifNa irt rkak; (1958) 52.Ntshsu; ehfupfk; (1923) 53.jkpou; kjk; (1941) 54.gz;ilf;fhyj; MupaUk; (1906) Mfpa 54 jkpoUk; E}y;fis

32.khzpf;f thrfu; khl;rp (1935) 33.khzpf;f thrfu; tuyhWk; fhyKk; (,U njhFjp) (1930) 34.khzpf;f thrfu; tuyhW (1952) 35.NrhkRe;juf; fhQ;rpahf;fk; (1901) 36.NrhkRe;ju ehafu; tuyhW (1957) 37.flTs; epiyf;F khwhd nfhs;iffs; irtk; Mfh (1968) 38.jpUthrf tpupTiu (1940) 39.rpj;jhe;j Qhd Nghjk;> rjkzpf;Nfhit Fwpg;Giu (1898)
tpbay; khj ,jo;

vOjpAs;shu;. [_iy 7Mk;ehs; kiwkiyabfs; mtu;fspd; gpwe;jehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

13

Kj;Jyl;Rkp nul;b
%. ntz;zpyh>
,uz;lhkhz;L capu; Ntjpapay;

mtUila Re;junul;b md;dpngrd;l; mk;ikahuhy; gpuk;kQhd ek;gpf;iffs;>

fztu; (Anni

b. Besant)

milahwpy; epWtg;gl;l rigapy;> %l mu;j;jkw;w

rlq;Ffs; Mfpatw;iwj; jtpu;j;J jpUkzq;fis elj;jp te;jdu;. mq;Nf Kj;JylRkp-

Re;junul;b jpUkzk; 1914Mk; Mz;L Vg;gpuy; khjj;jpy; ele;jJ. kfd;fs;. GJf;Nfhl;il jpUf;Nfhfu;zk; fTutkhd xU rk];jhdj;jpy; vd;w ,lj;jpy; FLk;gj;jpy; 1886,uhk;Nkhfd; ,af;Feuhfg; ,tUf;F %j;j ,uz;L kfd;

jpl;lf;FOtpd; gzpahw;wpdhu;.

Mk; Mz;L. ehuhaz rhkp> re;jpuk;khs; jk;gjpaUf;Fg; gpwe;jhu; Kj;Jyl;Rkp ,tu; cld; gpwe;jtu;fs; Re;juk;khs;> ey;yKj;J vd;W ,uz;L jq;iffs;> ,uhikah vd;W xU jk;gpAk; MFk;.

,uz;lhtJ kfd; fpU~;z%u;j;jp jha;-je;ijiag; Nghy XU kUj;Jtu;.

jpUkzk; jpUkzj;jpy; Mu;tk; ,y;iy. mtUila tpUg;gnky;yhk; gbg;gpYk;> r%fg; gzpapYNk ,Ue;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; rNfhju> rNfhjupfspd; tho;f;ifia kdjpy; nfhz;L jpUkzj;jpw;F rk;kjpj;jhu;.

jkpo;g; gzpfs; ,e;jpnkhopf; fpsu;r;rpapy; gq;Fngw;whu;. jkpopir ,af;fk;> jkpo; tsu;r;rp> jkpohrpupau;fspd; Cjpa cau;Tg; Nghuhl;lk; vdj; jkpo;g; gzpfs; nra;jhu;.
khju; ,e;jpa rq;fk; elj;jpa ngz;fSf;fhd tpsq;fpdhu;. ];jpuP ju;kk; vd;Dk; khj ,jopd; Mrpupauhf

tpbay; khj ,jo;

14

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

r%fg;gzp 1926-Mk; Mz;L 43 ehLfspd; gpujpepjpfs; fye;J nfhz;l mfpy cyfg; ngz;fs; khehL> gpuhd;R ehl;Lj; jiyefu; ghuPrpy; eilngw;wJ. mjpy; ,e;jpahtpd; rhu;gpy; Kj;Jyl;Rkp nul;b fye;J nfhz;lhu;. mg;NghJ mtu; epfo;j;jpa nrw;nghoptpy;>

rl;lk;> ghy;a tpthfq;fis jil nra;Ak; rl;lk; Nghd;w Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. mdhijahf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijfis tsu;j;J mtu;fSf;F ey;y vjpu;fhyj;ij cUthf;f cUthdNj mt;it ,y;yk; milahwpy; mike;Js;s ,jid mikj;jtu; Kj;Jyl;Rkp. nrd;idapy; Gw;WNeha; kUj;Jtkid mikf;f gytpjq; fspYk; epjp jpul;bdhu;. ,d;W Gw;W Gfyplkhf NehahspfSf;Fg; tpsq;Fk; milahW rpy

epfuhfg; ngz;fs; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fis mbikfshf elj;Jk; tof;fk; xopa Ntz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;jpdhu;.
md;iwa rl;lrigf;F nrd;id khfhz Kj;Jyl;Rkp

Mz;fSf;F

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;. mjd; %yk; rl;lkd;wj;Jf;Fj; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Kjy; ngz;kzp ngw;whu;. 1925Mk; vd;w ngUik

Gw;WNeha; kUj;Jtkidf;Fg; gpujku; NeU 1952Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgu; ehl;bdhu;. khjj;jpy; mbf;fy;

Mz;L

rl;lrigj; Nghl;bapd;wp ,e;jg; gjtp

Jizj;jiytuhfj; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;.

tpUJfs; Kj;Jyl;Rkpapd; NritfSf; fhf kj;jpa muR gj;k G+~z; tpUJ nfhLj;J nfsutpj;jJ. kiwT
Kj;Jyl;Rkp (Dr Muthulakshmi Reddy) 1968-Mk; Mz;L [_iy khjk; 22-Mk; Njjp kiwe;jhu; [_iy 30Mk;ehs; Kj;Jnyl;Rkp nul;b mtu;fspd; gpwe;jehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ

apy; ,Ue;j Ie;jhz;Lspy; rpy Gul;rp rl;lq;fisf; nfhz;L te;J epiwNtw;wpdhu;. mtw;wpy;> Njtjhrp Kiw xopg;G> ,Ujhu jilr; rl;lk;> ngz;fSf;Fr; nrhj;Jupik toq;Fk;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

15

gupjpkhw;fiyQu;
v];. fhu;j;jpNfad;>
,uz;lhkhz;L Ez;Zapupapay; Jiw

tlnkhop fyf;fhj J}a jkpopy; gupjpkhw; fiyQu; khw;wpf;nfhz;lhu;. kJiu mUNf vd;W

tpshr;Nrup

vDk; Cupy; Nfhtpe;j rptd; -yl;Rkp mk;khs; jk;gjpau;f;F kfdhf ,tu; gpwe;jhu;. tlnkhopia je;ijahuplKk;> jkpio kJiu rghgjp KjypahuplKk; fw;whu;. ,staJ gupjpkhw; fiyQu; (tp. Nfh. KjNy jkpo; nkhopapd; kPJk;> ,yf;fzj;jpd; kPJk;> ,yf;fpaj; jpd; kPJk; nfhz;bUe;j ,sq;fiy jkpo;nkhopapYk;> khepyj;jpNyNa Njwpdhu;. kpFe;j Mu;tk; tu; gpd;dhspy; gl;lg;gbg;gpy; nka;apaypYk; Kjyhtjhfj;

R+upaehuhaz rh];jpupahu;> [_iy 6> 1870 - etk;gu; 2> 1903) jkpowpQUk;> E}yhrpupaUk;> ,af;fj;jpy; Kjd; tfpj;jtu;fspy; ,tu; caupa jdpj;jkpo; ikahd gq;F

xUtUk; Mthu;. nre;jkpo; eilapy;

NgRtjpYk; vOJtjpYk; ty;ytu;. ehlfg; Gyik rhd;wtu;. 'jkpo; nkhop tuyhW' Nghd;w Ma;T E}y;fisAk;> fyhtjp> &ghtjp Nghd;w ehlf E}y;fisAk;> ehlf ,yf;fzkhd ehlftpaiyAk; ,aw;wptu;. ,tUf;Fg; ngw;Nwhu; ,l;l ngau; R+upaehuhazd; vd;gJ. gpd;dhspy; R+upaehuhaz miof;fg;gl;l nfhz;l rh];jpupau; ,tu;> jkpo; jdJ vd;W Nky; ngaiu

jkpo;nkhopapd; tuyhW kw;Wk; ehlftpay; ,yf;fzk;) (ehlfq;fSf;fhd cl;gl gy

E}y;fis vOjpdhu;.fyhtjp (1898)> &ghtjp vd;w ehlf E}y;fis vOjp jhNk fyhtjp> &ghtjp vDk; ngz; ghj;jpuq; fspy; ebj;jhu; . ,uht; gfJ}u; rp.it. jhNkhjuk; gps;is mtu;fshy; jpuhtpl rh];jpup vd rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;lhu;. jdf;F jkpo; fw;gpj;j Mrpupau; rghgjp

gw;wpdhy;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

16

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

Kjypahuplk; nfhz;bUe;jhu; kiwe;jhu;. 33 tho;e;jhu;. .

kpFe;j

gf;jp

3.GfNoe;jpg;Gytupd;

esntz;gh

mtu; 1898,y; Mz;LfNs ,tu;

(1899) 4. cj;juNfhr kq;if kq;fNs Rtup gps;isj;jkpo; (1901) 5.jdpg;ghRuj;njhif (1901) [_iy 6Mk;ehs; gupjpkhw;fiyQupd; gpwe;jehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ

,tuJ E}y;fs; jkpof muR ,tuJ kuGupikahsu; 19 NgUf;F &gha; 15 yl;rk; gupTj; njhifahf mspj;J ,tuJ gjpd;%d;W E}y;fSk; 2006 brk;gu; 2 md;W jkpof murhy; muRlikahf;fg;gl;ld. gupjpkhw; fiyQu; gy E}y;fis vOjpAs;shu;. mtw;wpy; Fwpg;gplj; jf;f E}y;fs; gpd;tUkhW: 1.&gtjp 2.fyhtjp 3.khd tp[ak; 4.jdpg;ghRuj; njhif 5.ghtyu; tpUe;J 6.kjpthzd; 7.ehlftpay; 8.jkpo; tpraq;fs; 9.jkpo; nkhopapd; tuyhW. 10.rpj;jpuf;ftp tpsf;fk; gjpg;gpj;j E}y;fs; 1.rak;nfhz;lhupd; fypq;fj;Jg;guzp (1898) 2.kfhypq;ifau; vOjpa ,yf;fzr; RUf;fk; (1898)
tpbay; khj ,jo;

Mlhnjhil
jpUkjp. Nyh. Gdpjts;sp jkpo; tpupTiuahsu;

Mlhnjhilapd;

,iyfisg; eyidf; vq;Fk;

Nghy; kyUk; kUj;Jt nfhz;lJ. vspjpy; fpilf;Fk;.

,jd; G+it tjf;fp ,utpy; Japy;tjw;F Kd; fhy;fs; kPJ itj;Jf; fl;b vLj;JtplNtz;Lk;. fhiyapy; clk;

ntg;gj;jhy; Vw;gl;l fz;Nzha;fs; vspjpy; ePq;fp tpLk;. fu;g;gpzpfSf;F Ie;jhtj

khjj;jpy; tapW typj;jhy; Mk;gy; G+Tk; tpshkpr;rk; NtUk; miuj;J Mtpd; ghypy; Fbf;fj; jPUk;. fye;J fha;r;rpf;

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

17

czNt kUe;J
f. kyu;tpop>
Kjyhz;L jkpo;j;Jiw

grpiaj;J}z;Lk;. Fspu;r;rp je;J J}a;ikg;gLj;Jk;. thAit cztpd;

ntq;fhak; FUjpiaj; ngUq;fhak;

kdpjdpd;

mbg;gilj;

ntspNaw;Wk;;. ,Q;rp nrwpkhdj;jpw;F gpis

NjitfSs; Kjd;ikahdJ czT. jkpou; kUj;Jtj;jpy; czT vd;gJ midj;J Neha;fisAk; jPu;f;ff;$ba rQ;rPtp kUe;jhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. KiwapidAk; ,aw;if czT ,aw;ifNahL

cjTk;. fwpNtg; czTf;F kz%l;Lk;. jpU%yu; cliyf; tpjk; Fwpj;J>

fhf;Fk;

,iae;j gof;f tof;fq;fisAk; filg;gpbg;gjd; topahf cly; eyj;ijAk; ghJfhf;f KbAk; cseyj;ijAk; vd kUj;Jtu; vd;Dk; kUe;jhFk;

clk;ghu; mopapd; capuhu; moptu; jplk;gl nka;Q;Qhdk; Nrutk; khl;lhu; clk;ig tsu;f;Fk; cghak; mwpe;Nj clk;ig tsu;j;Njd; capu; tsu;j;NjNd

vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. ftpkzp vspa clw;gapw;rpapd; ey;y tpisTfs; Fwpj;J>

fhiy khiy cyhtp epjk; fhw;W thq;fp tUNthupd; fhiyj; njhl;Lf; Fk;gpl;Lf; fhyd; Xbg;NghthNd

gupe;Jiuf;fpd;wdu;. jpUf;Fwspy; kUe;J mjpfhuj;jpy; jd;ikia> czNt

kUe;njd Ntz;lhthk; ahf;iff;F mUe;jpaJ mw;wJ Nghw;wp czpd; Fws; -942.

vd;W Rl;bAs;shu;. ,d;iwa ehspy; ml;ilg;

vd;W

jpUts;Stu;

njspthf

vLj;Jiuj; Js;shu;. md;whlr; tdtw;Ws; rikaypy; $l;L kQ;rs;> neQ;rpYs;s

ngl;bfspYk; jhs; igfspYk; gjg;gLj;jp milf;fg;gl;l Maj;j czT tiffs; tof;fj;jpw;F te;Js;sd. czNt kUe;J vd;w epiy khwp kUe;Nj czT vd;w epiyf;F ek;ik ,l;Lr; nrd;Wtpl;ld.

rspia ePf;Fk;. nfhj;Jky;yp gpj;jj;ijg; Nghf;Fk;. rPufk; tapw;Wr; #l;ilj; njhz;ilf; G+z;L jzpf;Fk;. kpsF fl;ilj; njhiyf;Fk;. typia ePf;fpg;

tapw;W

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

tpbay; khj ,jo;

18

ftpij

Milia tpLj;Jf; fz;lijAk; mzpe;J nfhs;tJ Vd;? jkpo; vd;Dk; mkpo;ij nkhopahff; nfhz;l eP Mq;fpy Nkhfj;jhy; mtyg;gl;Lf;fplg;gNjd;? eP epidj;jhy; jkpofj;jpy;

Kftupiaj;Njb
fh. epj;ah>
,uz;lhkhz;L jkpo;j;Jiw

ehd; ngUikg;gLfpd;Nwd; jkpofj;jpy; jkpodha;g; gpwe;jjw;fhf! jkpoNd! Nrty; $t vOe;j eP kzp xypf;f vOe;jha; kfpo;r;rp. md;W Nrtypd; $tYf;Fr; nrtpnfhLj;j eP ,d;W tWikapd; FKwYf;Fr; nrtpnfhLf;fhjNjd;? jkpoh! cdJ tho;T gl;bdp fplg;NghUf;fpilNa gyg; guPl;irahdJ Vd;? GwehD}W $Wfpd;w nry;tj;ijf; nfhs;isabj;jJ ahu;? ghujk; Nghw;wpa cd; gz;ghl;ilg; gwpnfhLj;jJ vq;Nf? jkpoh! cd; fhw;Wg;GFk;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

nts;spahy; ry;yp nra;J jq;fj;jhy; jhu; nra;J rhiy Nghlyhk;! thNyhL mwptpay; gpwe;jhd; thNshL vd;fpd;wJ gpwe;jhd;

vd;fpd;wJ GwehD}W. epidTnfhs; jkpoh! fly;fle;J fg;gk; t#ypj;j tuyhw;Wg; ngUik cdf;Fz;L. cd;dplk; vd;d ,y;iy? eP vjidj;Njb miofpd;wha;? ehd; miyfpd;Nwd; GwehD}W $Wfpd;w Kftupiaj;Njb.

jkpodpd;

19
nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

kyu; kzk;
n[. ghujp>
,uz;lhkhz;L Jfpypay; kw;Wk; Mil tbtikg;Gj;Jiw

cz;L.

MuQ;R>

vYkpr;ir

Nghd;w goq;fspYk; A+fypg;l]; kuj;jpy; ,iyapYk; ghjk; tpijapYk; ,j;jifa eWkzk; cs;sJ.

kyUf;F

third

mjd;

,jo;fspy; cs;sJ. rpy vz;nza;r; rj;Jf;fshy; cz;lhfpd;wJ. nrb my;yJ kuk; tsUk;NghJ ,e;j vz;nza;g; nghUs;fs; cUth fpd;wd. ,e;j vz;nza;fis urhad Kiwg;gb myrpg; ghu;j;jhy; ,it kpfTk; rpf;fyhd jd;iknfhz;lik vd;gJ GydhFk;. rpy vz;nza;g; mikg;gpy; Neuq;fspy; ,e;j

fUtiwapy; vd; cyfk;

cUtk; ,y;iy vd;whYk; czu;Tz;L vdf;F. fz;%b ehdpUf;f fz;jpwe;J fdTfz;lhy; vd; md;id. vd;NeuKk; ehd; cwq;f

nghUl;fs; jhdhfNt rw;W vspikahfp

cwf;fkpy;yhky; jtpj;jhy; vd; md;id. gyfhyk; ehd; tho gj;Jkhjk; fhj;jpUe;jhy; nghWikAld;. ehd; ntsptUifapy;

Mtpahfp tpLfpd;wd. mg;NghJjhd; kyupy; kzk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. xU kyupd; mk;kyu; kzg;gjw;F Mjhukhf nfhz;Ls;s

vz;nza;fspd; fyitia mikfpd;wJ. ntt;NtW fyitfs; ntt;NtW cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j vz;nza;g; kzq;fis

czu;e;Njd; - ntspAyfj;ij tplr; rpwe;jJ fUtiwapy; vd; cyfk; vd;W.

G. fhQ;rdh
nghUl;fs;
Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay; Jiw

kyupy; kl;LNk ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ,iy> gl;il> Ntu;> tpijapy; $l

tpbay; khj ,jo;

nghOJ 27> [_iy> 2011

20