ii

,ay; - 1

gilg;ghrpupaUk; gilg;GfSk; Xu; mwpKfk;

gilg;G :

fhiy czu;Tld; $ba rpwe;j ,yf;fpaq;fisg; Gjpjhf

cUthf;fg;gLtNj gilg;G MFk;.

“rpwe;j gilg;gpyq;fpaq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpg;gtu;fis ,iwtdpd;

nry;yg; gps;isfs; vd;W epidf;fj; Njhd;WfpwJ”.1 vd;w K.t. mtu;fspd;

$w;Wf;fpzq;f gy;NtW tifahd gilg;Gfis ntspapl;l kf;fs; kj;jpapy;

NgUngw;Nwhu;fshd fy;fp e.gpr;ir%u;j;jp> F.g.uh[Nfhghyd; > GJikg;gpj;jd;>

F.mofpuprhkp> ty;ypf;fz;zd;> n[af;fhe;jd;> fP.uh[ehuhazd;> R.rKj;jpuk;>

Nkyhz;ik nghd;Dr;rhkp vdg; gy Gfo;ngw;w gilg;ghsu;fs; ,Ug;gpDk;

jd; gd;Kfg; gilg;ghw;wy; %ykhf ,isQu;fisf; ftu;e;J jdf;nfd

Gil#o; gl;lhyj;ij cUthf;fp kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ePq;fh ,lk;

ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mwpQu; mz;zh mtu;fisg; gw;wpAk;> mtu;fsJ gilg;Gfs;

gw;wpAk; vLj;Jiug;gNj ,t;tpaypd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

mz;zhtpd; gilg;Gk; ,sikAk;:

gl;L nerTf;Fg; Gfo;ngw;w fhQ;rpGuj;ijr; Nru;e;j eluhrd;> gq;fhU

mk;khs; jk;gjpapdUf;F 1909 nrg;lk;gu; 15 Mk; Njjp gpwe;jhu;

mzzhj;Jiu. Gq;fhU mk;khtpd; ,isa rNfhjup uh[hkzp nghWg;gpy;

tsu;e;j mz;zh mtu;fs; jdJ gs;spf;fy;tpia fhQ;rpGuk; gr;irag;gd;

gs;spapy; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shu;.

“fy;yhjhd; xl;gq; fopaed; whapDq;

nfhs;shu; mwpTil ahu”

1
 vd;w ts;Stupd; tupfSf;fpzq;f fy;tpapd; kPJ nfhz;bUe;j

<Lghl;bdhy; mz;zh mtu;fs; jdJ Vo;ik epiyapYk; nghUshjhuj;

Jiwapy; 1929-1934 Mfpa fhyfl;lq;fspy; nrd;id gr;irag;gd; fy;Y}upapy;

jdJ gl;lg;gbg;ig Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shu;. gbf;Fk; nghONj uhzp vd;gtiuj;

jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;l mz;zh jdJ Muk;g fhy tho;f;ifiag; gs;sp

Mrpupauhfj; njhlq;fpdhu;.

mz;zhtpd; murpay; gazk;:

mz;zh murpaypy; Eioe;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; nrd;id khfhzj;jpy;

fhq;fpuRk;> ePjpf;fl;rpAk; vjpnujpu; JUtq;fshf ,Ue;Js;sd. fhq;fpuir tpl

ePjpf;fl;rpapd; kPJ mjpf <LghL nfhz;bUe;j mz;zh mtu;fs;

ePjpf;fl;rpapd; Kd;ddpj; jiytu;fs; gyNuhL njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;Js;shu;.

ePjpf;fl;rp rhu;ghf nghJf;$l;;lg; Ngr;rhsuhfTk;> mf;fl;rpf;F Mjuthf

jpul;lk; tpjkhf murpay; fl;LiufisAk; vOjp ntspapl;Ls;shu;.

mJkl;Lkpd;wp nrd;id khefuhl;rpj; Nju;jypy; Ntl;ghsuhf Nghl;bapl;l

mz;zh mtu;fSf;F mJNt mtu; vjpu; Nehf;fpa Kjy; Nju;jyhFk;.

mz;zh – ngupahu; ,izT

jpUg;G+upy; mz;zhitr; re;jpj;j ngupahu; mtu;fs;> mtupd; jpwikia

czu;e;J jhd; elj;jpte;j FbauR> tpLjiy cs;spl;l ehspjo;fspy;

Jiz Mrpupauhf epakpj;Jf;nfhz;Ls;shu;. ngupahu; %yk; elj;jg;gl;Ls;s

gy Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F mz;zh mtu;fisNa jsgjpahf;fpAs;shu;. mz;zh

mtu;fspd; Ngr;rhw;wYk;> vOj;jhw;wYk;> Vuhskhd ,isQu;fisg;

Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,izj;J itj;Js;sJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf mz;zh gy;NtW

Kiw ifJk; nra;ag;gl;ls;shu;.

“Md;wtpe; jlq;fpa nfhs;ifr; rhd;nwhu;” (Gwk; 191:6)

2
 vd;w GwehD}w;Wg; ghlybf;F ,yf;fzkhfj; jpfo;e;j mwpQu;

mz;zh mtu;fspd; Gyikia czu;e;j ngupahu;> gy;NtW jUzq;fspy;

jdJ nkhopngau;ghsuhf mz;zhitg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhu;. ,jd;%yk;

mz;zh ngupahupd; ek;gpf;iff;Fupatuhfj; jpfo;e;Js;shu;.

ePjpf;fl;rpia epu;tfpf;Fk; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;j ngupahu; mtu;fs;>

mf;fl;rpf;Fj; jpuhtplu; fofk; vdg; ngau; khw;wk; nra;jjd; %yk; ePjpf;fl;rp

jpuhtplu; fofkhf khwpw;W. ,e;epfo;T ngupahu; kw;Wk; mz;zhtpd;

,iztpdhy; fpilj;j khngUk; ntw;wp vdj; jpuhtpl ,af;fj; njhz;lu;fs;

nfhz;lhb kfpo;e;js;sdu;.

mz;zh – ngupahu; Kuz;ghL

jpuhtpl fofj;jpy; fUg;Gr;;rl;ilg; gilia cUthf;f tpUk;gpa

ngupahu; fl;rpapd; midj;J njhz;lu;fSk; fUg;Gr;rl;il mzpa Ntz;Lk;

vdj; njuptpj;Js;shu;. Mdhy; ,j;jhypa ru;thjpfhup KNrhypdpjhd;

fUg;Gr;rl;ilg; gilia itj;jpUe;jhu; vd;W njuptpj;J mz;zh mtu;fs;

ngupahupd; nfhs;isf;F kWg;Gj; njuptpj;Js;shu;. ,jd; fhuzkhf

,UtUf;FkpilNa Vw;gl;l Kwd;ghlhdJ gpupl;b~;fhud; ,e;jpahtpw;F

Rje;jpuk; toq;f KbT vLj;j rkaj;jpy; tpupryhf khwpw;W. ,e;jpa Rje;jpuk;

mile;j ehshd Mf];l; 15 I tl ,e;jpau;fsplk; jpuhtplu;fspd; vjpu;fhyk;

xg;gilf;fg;gLtjhf epidj;J me;ehisj; Jf;fehs; vd;W fUjpdhu; ngupau;.

Mdhy; mz;zh mtu;fNsh ,jid [dehaf murpaYf;fhd tha;g;ghfg;

ghu;j;Js;shu;. NkYk; ngupau; mtu;fs; jdJ 70 tajpy; 40 taJ

ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;jJ kw;Wk; mtUf;Fg; gpwF mtuJ kidtpiaj;

jiytuhf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwhu; vd;fpw tpku;rdk; vOe;jik Mfpatw;why; 1949

Mk; Mz;L jpuhtpl Kd;Ndw;wf; fof;ijj; njhlq;fpdhu; mz;zh.

3
mz;zhtpd; nkhopg;gw;W

jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; vd ,uz;L nkhopfspYk; Gyikg; ngw;wtuhfj;

jpfo;e;Js;su; mz;zh.

“,q;Fek; nkhopiaj; jhf;Fk;

,e;jpf;Fg; ghilfl;b

rq;nfhLk; giw Koq;fp

rl;bapy; nfhs;sp J}f;fp

mq;Fy vYk;G $l

mfg;glh jkpo;g;Nghk;!”4

vd;w fz;zjhrd; tupfSf;fpzq;f mz;zh mtu;fs; fl;lha ,e;jp

nkhopf;F vjpuhf ,e;jp xopg;G thupak; vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fp

mt;tikg;gpd; %yk; khztu;fs; ,e;jpg; ghlq;fisg; Gwf;fzpf;Fk; gb

nra;jy;> cz;zhtpujk; ,Uj;jy;> fhq;fpuR mikr;ru;fSf;F vjpuhf

fUg;Gf;nfhb fhl;Ljy; Nghd;w Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;jp jdJ ,e;jp kWg;Gf;

nfhs;ifia ntspapl;Ls;shu;.

mz;zhtpd; ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;G

mz;zh murpay; kl;Lkpd;wp ehlfq;fs; kw;Wk; jpiuf;fijfs; vOJk;

jpwik gilj;jtuhfTk; tpsq;fpAs;shu;. NkYk; kpfr; rpwe;j jkpo;r;

nrhw;nghopthsuhfTk; Nkilg; Ngr;rhsuhfTk; tyk; te;Js;shu;. ehty;fs;>

rpWfijfs; kw;Wk; murpay; rhu;e;j Nkil ehlfq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw vOjp

ebj;Jk; cs;shu;.

1948 ,y; ,tuhy; vOjg;gl;l ,yl;rpa tuyhW kw;Wk; tho;f;ifg;Gay;>

uq;Nfhd; uhjh> ghu;tjp gp.V> fypq;fuhzp kw;Wk; ghitapd; gazk;

Nghd;wit ,tupd; Kf;fpa gilg;GfshFk;.

4
mz;zh jkpof Kjy;tuhjy;

1967 Mk; Mz;L ele;j Nju;jypy; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpia vjpu;j;Jg;

Nghl;bapl;l mz;zh mtu;fs; 138 ,lq;fisg; gpbj;J ntw;wp ngw;whu;.

,t;ntw;wpapd; %yk; 1967 gpg;utupapy; nrd;id khepy Kjyikr; ruhdhu;.

“Ms;Nthu; jq;fs; eyj;ijg; nghJeyj;jpw;fhfh jpahfk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; ”5

vd;w gpshl;Nlhtpd; murpay; jj;Jt tupfSf;fpzq;f> mz;zh mtu;fs;

Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Vw;w mj;jUzj;jpNyNa Rakupahijj; jpUkzq;fisr;

rl;lg;G+u;tkhf;fpdhu;. mJkl;Lkpd;wp kjuh]; khepyk; vd;wpUe;j nrd;id

khfhdj;ij “jkpo;ehL vd;W ngau;khw;wk; nra;J jkpof tuyhw;wpy;

ePq;fhtuk; ngw;wtuhfj; jpfo;e;Js;shu;. NkYk; fu;ehlfh> Me;jpu gpuNjrk;

kw;Wk; Nfush Nghd;w mz;il khepyq;fspy; epyTk; %d;W nkhopj;

jpl;lj;jpw;F vjpuhfj; jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; vd;w ,Unkhopf; nfhs;ifia

mky;gLj;jpAs;shu;.

[dtup 3> 1968 Mk; Mz;L “,uz;lhk; cyfj; jkpo; khehL”

elj;jg;gl;lijj; njhlu;e;J Nay; vd;w mnkupf;fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

rg;ngy;Nyh~pg;” vd;w tpUij mz;zh mtu;fSf;F toq;fpf;

nfsutpj;Js;sJ. mNj Mz;by; mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofk; nfsut

Kidtu; gl;lj;ij mz;zh mtu;fSf;F toq;fpaJ.

mz;zhtpd; kiwT

Kjyikr;ruhfg; gjtpNaw;w rpwpJ fhyj;jpypUe;Nj cly;epiy

rupapy;yhj epiyapy; mz;zh mtu;fs; mnkupf;f kUj;Jtkidapy; rpfpr;ir

ngw;W te;Js;shu;.

5
 “ftu;e;J nry;y

vkd; te;jNghJk;

vLj;j nfhs;if Kbj;jgpd;Ng

vkDld; nrd;wpLthd;

nfhs;ifapd; khwhj; jiytd;”6

vd;w fz;zjhrdpd; tupfSf;fpzq;f rKjhaj;jpw;nfd;Nw jd;Dila

tho;ehs; KOtJk; mu;g;gzpj;Jf;nfhz;L tho;e;J te;j mz;zh mtu;fs;

rpfpr;ir ngw;Wk; gydpd;wp 1969 Mk; Mz;L gpg;utup 3Mk; ehs; kiwe;jhu;.

mz;zhtpd; gilg;Gfs;

mz;zh vOjpa Kjy; gilg;ghff; fpilg;gJ “nfhf;fuf;Nfh” vDk;

rpWfij. ,J Mde;j tpfldpy; 1934 Mk; Mz;L gpg;utupapy;

ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtu; ,johrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpajhy; mtu; jPl;ba

,jOiufs; kl;Lk; ,uz;lhapuj;jpw;F Nky; nry;fpwJ. nrhw;nghopTfspy;

fpilg;git Nkilg; nghopTfshf ,UE}W> rl;lkd;wr; nrhw;nghopTfs; 1760

vd gp.,uj;jpd rghgjpapd; Ma;Tf; fl;Liuapd; thapyhfj;

njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (gl;bay; ,izf;fg;gl;LsJ)

mz;zhtpd; Nkw;ghu;itAld; gjpf;fg;gl;l ,yf;fpaq;fs;

Mz;L Gjpdk; FWk;Gjpdk; rpWfij kly;

1934 - - 1 -
1938 - - - 2
1939 - 3 4 5
1940 1 - - 1
1942 1 1 - -
1943 1 - 7 4
1944 - - 3 2
1945 1 - 9 1
1946 1 1 13 1

6
 1947 - 1 11 -
1948 - - 8 -
1949 - - 5 -
1950 - 1 3 -
1951 - - 3 -
1952 - 1 - 2
1953 - 1 5 1
1954 - 1 6 4
1955 - 1 10 32
1956 - 2 8 51
1957 - 1 - 11
1958 - - 1 1
1959 - - - 1
1960 - - - 34
1961 - - 4 29
1962 - - 1 11
1963 - - - 2
1964 - - 2 24
1965 - 1 11 43
1966 - 2 2 48
1967 - - - 2
1968 1 1 - -
1969 - - - 1
nkhj;jk; 6 18 117 314

,it ePq;fshf

fl;Liufs; - 560

ehlfq;fs; - 13

rpWehlfq;fs; - 73

Cuhu; ciuahly; - 26

me;jpf;fyk;gfq;fs; - 31

ftpijfs; - 77

7
cl;gl 1235 ,yf;fpaq;fs; mz;zhtpd; Nkw;ghu;itAld;

gjpg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mz;zhtpd; gilg;gpy; ntspahd ,yf;fpaq;fs; Vuhsk; vdpDk;

MA;Tr;RUf;fk; fUjp mtuJ 89 rpWfijfs; kl;Lk; Ma;tpw;F

cl;glj;jg;gl;ls;sd. Mtw;wpd; fijr;RUf;fq;fs; ,wpKf epiyapy; ,q;F

Rl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nfhf;fuf;Nfh

gyKiw gj;jpupf;if elj;jp Njhy;tpaile;j Re;juk; xUehs;

vjpu;r;irahf jdJ ez;gd; nrskpaidr; re;jpf;fpwhu;. Mr;rkak; jhd

elj;jpte;j gj;jpupf;ifg; gw;wpAk; mg;gj;jpupf;ifapd; ngau; nfhf;fuf;Nfh

vd;Wk; butuz;L uhk;rpj; Nghd;Nwhu; jdJ gj;jpupf;iff;F gupe;Jiu

nra;jjhfTk; gpuRuk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;ifapy; NghyP]f

; huu; Re;juj;jpd;

ifiag; gw;wp nrhskpaidg; ghu;j;J rpupj;Jtpl;L ,Oj;Jf;nfhz;L

nry;fpwhd;. mr;rkak; jhd; njhopypy; Vw;gl;l e~;lj;jhy; Re;juk;

epidtpoe;J Raepidtpd;wp Rw;wpj;jpupe;jJ njupatUfpwJ. Ez;gdpd;

epiawpe;j nrskpad; tUj;jkilfpwhu;. (11.2.34 – Mde;jtpfld;)

mts; kpfg; nghs;shjts; (18.6.39 – FbauR)

Rg;gp kfs; rurhTk; Rg;igau; kfs; fkyKk; Njhopfs; ,Ugj;ije;J

tajpNyNa tpjitahd fkyj;jpw;F Rg;gpukzp vd;gtiuj; jdJ rq;fj;jpd;

rhu;ghf rurh rPu;jpUj;j kzk; nra;Jitf;fpwhs;. Khg;gps;is NtW rhjpahd;

vd;gijr; Rl;bf;fhl;b Rg;igau; fkyhitr; rhLfpwhu;. NgRtJ Ntjk;>

Ntjhe;jk;> Nt~Nkh rdhjdk; vd;W rurh Rg;iga;aiur; rhb rhjpg;

ghFghlw;w rKjhaj;ij cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jdJ fUj;ij

Kd;itf;fpwhs;.

8
rpq;fsr;rPkhl;b (20.08.39> 3.9.39> 10.9.39)

rpq;fs ehl;bypUe;J nrd;idf;F te;j kq;fk;khspd; kfs;

kyu;f;nfhbAk;> nfhq;Fehl;L Ntshsf;Fbapy; gpwe;j rq;fuDk; xUtiu

xUtu; tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. ehAL tFg;igr;Nru;e;j rpWtajpNyNa tpjitahd

kq;fk;khs; gpiog;gpw;F topapd;wp ehlff; fk;ngdpapy; Nru;e;J gzj;Jld;

GfOk; Nru;j;Jf;nfhz;lhs; vd;fpw tp~ak; n[kpd;jhu; tPl;L tpUe;jpd;NghJ

rq;fuDf;Fj; njupatuNt> kyu;f;nfhbia Vw;fTk; Kbahky; kwf;fTk;

Kbahky; jtwhd ghijf;Fr; nry;fpwhd;. ,jd; tpisthf [Pth vd;Dk;

jhrpAld; Vw;gl;l njhlu;gpdhy; Foe;ijAk; gpwf;fpd;wJ. vdpDk; rpwpJ

fhyj;jpNyNa Neha;tha;g;gl;L [Pth ,we;JtplNt> mf;Foe;ij [Pthtpd;

Njhop ghu;tjpahy; tsu;f;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. mj;jUzj;jpy; rq;fud;

epidthy; kyu;f;nfhb jpUkzk;nra;ahky; ,Ug;gJk;> kyu;f;nfhbapd; jha;

rq;fudJ khkhthy; iftplg;gl;lJk; njupatuNt jdJ khkhtpd;

Kd;dpiyapy; kyu;f;nfhbiaj; JpUkzk; nra;Jfhs;fpwhd; rq;fud;.

(FbauR)

ts;sp jpUkzk; (28.3.43) jpuhtpl ehL

jd; mj;ij kfd; god[iaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s rk;kjpf;fhj

ts;sp mWKfg;gps;isapd; kfd; rpq;fhu Ntyid tpUk;Gfpwhs;. ts;sp

Viog;ngz; vd;fpw fhuzj;jhy; rpq;fhu Ntydpd; jfg;gd; MWKfk; gps;is

ngupa ,lj;Jg; ngz; rhtpj;jpupia NtyDf;F kzKbj;J itf;fpwhu;.

ts;spia kwf;f KbahJ Ntyd; md;W ,uNt ts;spapd; tPl;bw;F tu

godpapd; fz;zpy; njd;gLfpwhd;. jdf;Fk; Ntydpd; tUiff;Fk;

rk;ge;jkpy;iy vdj; jpl;ltl;lkhf ts;sp rj;jpak; nra;aNt mts;

nrhy;tJ cz;iknadpy; jd;idj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;Sk;gb

godpts;spia cld;gLj;Jfpd;whd;. Mt;thNw ts;sp jpUkzk;

eilngWfpwJ.

9
nrhy;yhjJ (22.10.43) jpuhtplehL

Mg;gf; filf;fhupapd; kfs; Re;jupapd; kPJ NyhF Kjypapd; kfd;

fdFtpw;F ikay; Vw;glNt> Re;jupiaj; JpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf

Mir thu;j;ijfisf; fhl;b jd; ,r;irf;F cl;gLj;Jfpwhd;. NyhF

Kjypf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd mWgJ Ntyp epyKk; ,Yg;gg;gl;bahuplk; mlF

,Ue;jij fhiuzk; fhl;b ,Yg;igg;gl;bahupd; kfs; fhNtupia

fdFtpw;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J itf;fpwhu; NyhF. ,jw;fpilapy; Re;jup

fUTw;WUf;fpd;whs; vd;fpw tp~ak; njupatuNt Cuhu; J}w;Wthu; vdg;

gae;J Re;jup mtsJ jhAld; Ntw;W}u; nry;fpwhs;. mj;jUzk; fdFtpd;

kidtp fhNtup fhrNeha;f;Fg; gypahfpd;whs;. Gy;NtW ,d;dy;fSf;Fg; gpwF

jdJ kfd; jq;fuhRtpw;F gj;J taJ ,Uf;Fk; jUzj;jpy; Re;jup

fdFTld; ,izfpwhs;.

fjputdpd; fz;zPu; - jpdkzp ([_d; 28.1947)

,uhkehjGuk; [py;yh> gukf;Fb jhYfh> kQ;rs;gl;bzk; fpuhkj;jpy;

mt;T+u;thrpfshy; 1926 ,y; fhj;jhap – rilag;gh; MfpNahUf;F Myak;

vOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1930 ,y. mt;T+u; gQ;rk; Vw;glNt Cu; kf;fshy;

nghq;fy; itdf;fg;gl;L gpuhu;j;jpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdpDk; mg;gQ;rk;

tpl;lghby;iy. mijj; njhlu;e;J Foe;ij Kjy; ngupNahu; tiu fhyuhthy;

mtjpAw;Wte;j epiyapy; gy;NtW mgpN~fq;fs; nra;ag;gl;Lk; topghL

nra;ag;gl;Lk; gadpd;ikahy; ntFz;nlOe;j kf;fs; mf;Nfhapiy

,bf;fyhapdu;. ,r;rk;gtj;ijg;gw;wp #upagfthdplk; KiwapLtjw;fhff;

fhj;jhapAk; rilag;gUk; nry;ifapy; mq;F #upagfthd; fz;zPUld;

epw;gijf; fz;L mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; Nfl;f kio ,y;yhjjhy; kf;fs;

jd;id fy;yhy; mbj;jjhfTk; mjdhy; Vw;gl;l fhaj;jhy; jdf;Ff;

fz;zPu; te;jjhfTk;> mf;fz;zPnu kf;fSf;F kioahdjhfTk; #upad;

$Wfpwhu;. %tUk; jq;fsJ epiyia tp];tehju; Mz;ltdplk;

10
KiwapLifapy; “Nrhfpf;Fk; #upaDk; ehNd> Nfhapy; fl;bNahu; Kjy;

,bj;Njhu; kw;Wk; fy;yhy; mbj;Njhu; tiu midj;Jk; ehNd> vd;fpwhu;

Mz;ltu;.

fpU~;z – yPyh (12.11.44 – jpuhtplehL)

jpupGuk; [kPd; kfs; yPyh kPJ fhjy; nfhz;l fpU~;zd; jdJ

fy;Y}upg; gbg;igg; ghjpapNyNa tpl;Ltpl;L yPyhtpd; tPl;by; ke;ij

Nka;g;gtdhf Ntiyf;F mku;fpd;whd;. yPyhNth jdJ khkd; ghup];lu;

etePjfpU~;zid kzf;f tpUk;Gfpwhs;. Mdhy; ghup];lNuh mkpu;jk; vd;w

ngz; Nky; ikay; nfhs;fpwhd;. ,ij mwpe;j yPyh fpu~;zd; %ykhf

,tu;fsJ njhlu;igg; gpupj;J ghup\;liuj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;fpwhs;.

fhjyhy; kjpapoe;J Vkhw;wg;gl;L epw;gij epidj;J fpU~;zd;

tUe;Jfpd;whd;.

1938 – 3940 xU trPfu tuyhW

kz;bf;fil nrhf;fypq;fk; nrl;bahupd; kfs; fy;ahzp 18 tajpNyNa

tpjitahfpwhs;. Nrl;bahupd; kz;bf;filapy; Ntiyghu;j;J te;j

mjpehuhaz ehALtpd; kfd; fz;Zr;rhkpf;F fy;ahzpapd; tpjitf;Nfhyk;

gupjhgkspf;fpwJ. ehsiltpy; mJNt fhjyha; khw> ,ijawpe;j

nrhf;fypq;fk; fz;Zr;rhkpia Ntiyiatpl;L ePf;Ffpwhu;. fy;ahzpAk;

fz;Zr;rhkpAk; ntspA+u; nrd;W jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;ljd; tpisthf

Mz;Foe;ij gpwf;fpwJ. fz;Zr;rhkpapd; jfg;gdhu; ngaiuAk; fy;ahzpapd;

jfg;gdhu; ngaiuAk; ,izj;J Mjpypq;fk; vd;W ngau; #l;Lfpd;wdu;.

14.1.45 – jpuhtplk;)

rpf;fyhd gpul;rid (21.1.45 jpuhtplehL)

Kg;gJ tajhd kfhypq;fj;jpw;F Nehahsp kidtp> tajhd jha;

cl;gl ehd;F Foe;ijfs; MapDk; ViofSf;F cjTk; jd;ik

11
nfhz;ltd;. jdJ ez;gd; tujd; gpuhzht\;ijahy; gLj;Jtpl;l

#o;epiyapy; gj;J &gha; tiu nryT nra;J kfhypq;fk; fhg;ghw;Wfpd;whd;.

,e;epiyapy; mjpu;~;l rPl;bd; %ykhf kfhypq;fj;jpw;F E}W &gha;

fpilf;fpwJ. mj;jUzk; gu;khtpy; ,Ue;J te;j xUtu; jdJ f~;l

#o;epiyiaf; $wp jd;dplk; ,Uf;Fk; eifiag; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L E}W &gha;

jUkhW Nfl;f kdkpwq;fpa kfhypq;fk; mt;thNw nra;fpd;whd;. gu;khf;fhud;

nfhLj;j eifia khu;thb filf;Fr; nrd;w kfhypq;fj;jpw;F me;j eif

Nghyp vd;W njupatUfpwJ. mJkl;Lkpd;wp kfhypq;fk; ifJ

nra;ag;gLfpwhd;. ,t;tof;F ePjpgjp kUjthzk;gps;isaplk; nry;y> mtu;

jdJ ez;gd; ju;kJiuNahL fye;jhNyhrpf;fpwhu;.

fhkf;Fuq;F (28.1.45 jpuhtplehL)

,UgJ tajhd kpuhRjhuu; kPdhl;rpRe;juj;jpd; kfs; kJuty;ypf;F

tk;rhtspf;Nfw;w jpUkzk; nra;aNtz;Lnkd;gjhy; Ik;gJ tajhd

khfhypg;gl;b kpl;lhjhuiu jpUkzk; nra;J itf;fpd;wdu;. jpUkzj;jpy;

rjpuhba kyu;f;nfhbia jd; ,r;irf;F ,zq;Fk;gb kpl;lhjhuu;

fl;lhag;gLj;j mtuplkpUe;J jg;gpj;J kJuty;ypapd; miwf;Fs; Eiofpwhs;

kyu;f;nfhb. MfNt ,t;tp~ak; kJuty;ypf;Fj; njupatUfpwJ. CuhUf;Fj;

njupe;jhy; ,Of;F NeupLk; vd mjid kiwf;f Kw;gLk; jUzj;jpy;

kyu;f;nfhb ngz;Ntlkpl;l Mz; vd;gJ kpl;lhjhuUf;Fj; njupatuNt

kyu;f;nfhbiar; re;jpf;fpwhu;. ,jdhy; kpl;lhjhuiu tpl;Lg; gpupe;J kpuhRjhuu;

tPl;bw;Fr; nry;fpwhs; kJuty;yp.

gpurq;f G+~zk; (4.1.45 jpuhtpl ehL)

Mykuj;jbahu; Nfhapy; mu;r;rfUf;‟F mf;Nfhapypd; %yk;

tUthapd;ikahy; Nfhapypd; kfj;Jtj;ijg; gw;wp vLj;Jiuj;Jk;

ehl;baf;fiyapd; ed;ikfs; gw;wp khiy 6 kzpf;Fk; nrhw;nghopthw;WkhWk;

Gytu; G+Nyhfehjuplk; Nfl;l> ,jid vjpu;ghu;j;jpUe;j G+NyhfehjUk;

12
kWg;gpd;wp clNd xg;Gf;nfhz;L mtru mtrukhf mjw;fhf Maj;jkhfpwhu;.

Mj;jUzj;jpy; khiy eilngw ,Uf;Fk; eilngw ,Uf;Fj; nrhw;nghopT

mLj;j nts;spf;fpoik khw;wg;gl;Ls;sij mu;r;rfu; njuptpf;fpwhu;. mr;rkak;

Gd;idtdehju; Nfhtpypy; nts;spf;fpoik G+Nyhfehju; nrhw;nghopthw;w

,Ug;gijAk; nrhw;nghoptpd; jiyg;G ehl;baf;fiyapd; jPikfs”

vd;gjidAk; rPld; njuptpj;jijf; Nfl;l G+NyhfehjUf;F jiyRw;wpw;W.

kJiuf;F bf;nfl; ,y;iy (4.3.45 – jpuhtplehL)

tUkhdg; gw;whf;Fiwthy; jdf;Fj; jpUkzNk Ntz;lhk; vd;wpUe;j

jpUkiyapd; ez;gd; kJiu ge;jzhtpypUe;J xU &aha; $baTld;

jpUkiyapd; ez;gd; ngupaehafpia kzKbf;fpwhd;. Foe;ij xd;W vd

,Uf;ifapy; jto;e;j re;Njh~k; Foe;ij ehd;F vd;whdJk; rQ;rykhdJ.

,e;epiyapy; kidtp Neha;tha;g;gl;L ,we;JtplNt jdJ Foe;ijfis

jpUkiyaplk; xg;gilj;Jtpl;L gu;khtpw;F nrd;W Ntiyghu;j;J tUfpwhd;.

vdpDk; mt;NtiyAk; epiyf;fhj jUzj;jpy; rd;ah]k; GFfpd;whd;. xU

rkak; mt;thwpUf;f nrd;id uhkfpU~;zd; klhya tpohtpy; gpuk;kr;rupak;?

fpU`];jh];ukk;> thdg;gpu];jk;> rd;ahrk; vDk; ehd;F M];uk;fspd;

Nkyhz;ik gw;wp xU ePjpgjp $Wifapy; ,e;ehd;fpYk; <Lgl;L tWikahy;

js;sg;gl;ljidf;F tWik ePq;f top Nfl;lhd; kJiu.

jdghyr; nrl;bahu; fk;ngdp (27.5.45 – jpuhtplehL)

fhiy 7.30 kzpf;F fz;tpopj;J 7.45f;Fg; gLf;ifia tpl;L vOe;J

8.30f;Fs; fhiyf;fld;fis Kbj;J 9.30 tiu fhiy bgd; tifawh

rhg;gpl;L Ntiyahl;fist Q;rpf;Fk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ug;gtu;

jdghyr;nrl;bahu; 4.20f;F vOe;jpupj;J nghOJrhAk; tiu gk;gukha;

nrl;bahuplk; Ntiyghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fe;jid Nrhk;Ngwp> jbf;fOij

vd;W tQ;rpg;gJ md;whl tof;fkhfpwJ. nrhFR tho;it Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

nrl;bahu; jdJ tuT nryT ghu;f;ifapy; nryT Nghf ,Ug;G 575

13
kpQ;RfpwJ. 280 &gha; rk;gsj;jpy; mq;F Ntiynra;Ak; fe;jDf;F jdJ

nryT Nghf kidtp Fg;gpaplk; nfhLj;j 100 &gha; xUNeu

cztpw;Fj;jhd; gj;jpaNj jtpu Fg;gpaplk; jpz;gz;lk; Nfl;l Foe;ijf;F

KJfpNy mts; nfhLj;j G+ir jhd; kpr;rkhapw;W.

md;djhdk;:

js;shLk; eilAlDk;> eiuj;j jiyAlDk; tej rhJitf; fz;l

ehfuh[dpd; ez;gd; mtUf;F cztspj;J cgrupf;fpd;whd;. mr;rhJ

nfhLj;j tpG+jpahy; ePz;l ehl;fshf gpbf;fg;gl;l Njhl;lf;fhudJ kfspd;

Neha; FzkhfpwJ. MfNt mr;rhJtpd; Nky; ehfuh[dpd; ez;gDf;F kjpg;G

mjpfkhapw;W. mjidg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;l rhJ kf;fspd; Neha;juP ;f;f

Mrpukkk; mikj;Jj; jUkhW Nfl;f ehfuh[dpd; ez;gd; cld;gLfpwhd;.

,jdhy; ehfuh[Df;Fk; mtdJ ez;gDf;Fk; ,ilNa ju;f;fk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

vdpDk; rJtpd; nghUikfisg; nghJkf;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;j ntw;wpNty;

gpu]; vd;w mr;rfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w gpwFjhd;> rpq;fg;G+upy; mgpd; fye;j

Nyfpaj;ij tpw;W nfhs;is ,yhgk; ngw;Wg; NghyPrhuhy; Juj;jg;gl;ltd;

mr;rhJ vd;gJ ez;gDf;Fj; njupatuNt M~hlG+jpfis ek;gNtz;lhk;

vd;w Nehl;B]; ntspapLtjw;Fs; rhJ kiwe;JtpLfpwhd; (36.45 –

jpuhtplehL).

,Uguk;giufs; (6.1.66 jpuhtplehL)

jdghyr; nrl;bahuJ tPl;by; tsu;f;fg;gl;L tUk; [{ypah> [pk;kp vd;w

,uz;L eha;fSk; 250 &gha;f;F ngq;f@upypUe;J thq;fptug;gl;lit.

khu;thbaplk; 250& mlkhdj;jpypUe;J Xl;LtPl;by; trpf;Fk;

jdghyr;nrl;bahuJ ez;gd;Rfhde;j Kjypahupd; kfd; rpq;fhuj;jpw;F

me;eha;fs; <d;w Fl;bfspd; kPJ Mir Vw;glNt> jdf;F xU Fl;b jUkhW

Rfhde;j Kjypahu; jdghyr; nrl;bahuplk; Nfl;fpwhu;. vdpDk; gadpd;wpg;

nghfpwJ. MapDk; nrl;bahupd; kfs; md;dj;jpw;F rpq;fhuj;jpd; Nky;

14
ikay;> Mifahy; mtspd; rpghuprpd; Ngupy; xU Fl;b rpq;fhuj;jpw;Ff;

nfhLf;fg;gLfpJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mf;Fl;b Mlk;gu cztpw;F topapd;wp

Nuhl;Nlhuf; Fg;igapy; Guz;L jpupifapy; r%fNrth rq;fj; jiytu;

mUikehjdpd; tz;bapy; mbgl;L ,we;JtpLfpwJ. ,ijf;fz;l rpq;fhuk;

trjpgilj;j mUikehjid jz;of;f topapd;wp rpe;jpa fz;zPiuj;

Jilj;Jf;nfhz;L ehiag; Gijf;fpd;whd;. tUlq;fs; fle;j epiyapy;

bjUf;Nfbapy; fpilj;j ehia vLj;J fpilf;Fk; fQ;rpia Cw;wp

tsu;f;fpd;whd; rpq;fhuk;.

Gypefk; (6.1.46 – jpuhtplehL)

gP[G+u; jsgjpahd mg;ry;fhdpd; ngUk;giliaf; fz;l rpth[p rkurk;

ngr mioj;jj; jOTtJ nghy ebj;Jj; jd; fuj;jpNy itj;jpUe;j

Gypefj;jhy; fPwpf;nfhd;whd; vd;W 1946y; ,GuhfPKf;F> ,e;JNjr

rupj;jpuj;ijg; Nghjpf;fpwhu; tuyhw;W Mrpupau;Re;jNur Iau;. ,ijf;Nfl;

,GuhfPk; ek;gpf;ifj; JNuhfk;> ,r;nray; xU tPuDf;F mofy;y vd;W

Vryhfpd;whd;. mtd; kl;Lky;y ntspAyfk; KOtJk; ,ijj;jhd; $Wk;.

Mdhy; cz;ik vd;dntdpy; mg;ry;fhdhy; rpth[paplk; J}J mDg;g g;gl;l

Mupadhd fpU~;zh[p gh];fUk; jhd; rpth[pahu; mg;ry;fhd;

nfhs;sg;gl;likf;fhd KOf;fhuzk; vd;gJ ,f;fijapd; thapyhf

czu;j;jg;gLfpwJ.

RL%Q;rp (3.2.46-jpuhtplehL)

vjpu;tl
P ;L Vfhk;guKk; Nfhghy Kjypahu; kfs; ,uhkpAk; xUtiu

xUtu; tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. ,uhkpapd; kPJ Mir nfhz;l muprpf;fil MWKf

Kjypahu; ,uhkpapd; [hjfj;ij khw;wpaikj;J Vfhk;guj;Jld; nghUe;jhjgb

nra;JtpLkhW N[hjpluplk; Ngrpr; rupnra;Jtpl;L ,uhkpia ,uz;lhk; jhukhf

jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;fpwhu;. MWKfj;jpd; rjpr; nray; rpy ehl;fs; fopj;J

15
njupatuNt cz;ik epytuj;ij ,uhkp Vfhk;guj;jplk; $w ,oe;j

tho;f;ifia ,UtUk; kPl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

NtiyNghr;R (17.2.46-jpuhtplehL ,jopy; ntspte;jJ)

KFe;juh[; Kjypahupd; kfs; tprhyhl;rpapd; jpUkz tpku;rdg;

gj;jpupf;ifia mr;rpl;L Fwpg;gpl;l tpyhrj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;f Ntz;b

tpahrg; gj;jpupf;ifapd; Mrpupau; mDke;jpuht;> mtuplk; gzpGupAk;

fk;ghrpl;lu; jk;gpaplk; nfhLf;f jk;gp mr;rpl;l Neuk; J}f;fNtis Mifahy;

vOj;Jf;fs; gpioAlDk; fUj;Jf; NfhshWfSlDk mr;rplg;gl;Le;jJ.

,jdhy; ntFz;l mDke;juht; jk;gpiag gzpia tpl;L ePf;fptpl;lhu;.

Niyapd;ikahy; jk;gpf;Fk; mtdJ kidtp rPjhnyl;Rkpf;FkpilNa rz;il

Vw;gl jk;gp Nfhgpj;Jf;nfhz;L Cu;f;Nfhb rhiyapNy gLj;jpUf;Fk;

rkaj;jpy; kf;fspd; ek;gpf;iff;FupatUk; mDke;juhtpd; rpNdfp jUkhd

rhkp fhtbahde;ju; filfspy; $l;bnkhOfp Ntiynra;Ak; ngz;Zld;

vy;yhrkhf ,Uf;Fk; fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ifAk;fsTkhg; gpbj;j rhkpahiu

kpul;b mtupd; %yk; kPz;Lk; gzpapy; Nru;e;Jnfhz;lhu;.

Nrhy;tij vONjz;lh!

fhNy[; gbg;Gr; nryTf;F jd; kfDf;Fg; gzk; mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb

tQ;rfkhfg; Gfo;e;J rPkhd; jpthd; gfJ}u; jPu;j;jfupf;F uhfthr;rhupahu; jd;

tPl;by; gzpGupAk; tujd; %yk; fbjk; vOjpfpwhu;. mNjjUzk; fUkp vd;w

jpthid tQ;rpj;Jk; jpthd; nfhLf;Fk; gzj;ijr; nryT Nghf kPjj;ij

mf;fhtpw;F mDg;gpitf;Fk; gbAk; ntWq;ifAld; nghfhky; jhd; jhd;

mDg;gpaijg;Nghd;W rpwpJ kQ;rYld; G~;gKk; vLj;Jr;nry;Yk;gbAk;

kfDf;F kw;nehU fbjk; vOJfpwhu; vOjg;gl;l ,uz;L fbjq;fSk;

jtWjyhf khw;wp mDg;gg;gl;ljd; tpisthf kfDf;F vOjpa fbj;

jpthDf;Fr; nrd;wilaNt mijg; gbj;j jpthd; ntFz;nlOe;jhu; vd;w

tpguj;ij mwpe;j uhfthr;rhupahu; jpthd; kPJ ngha;f;Fw;wk; rhl;b mtiu

16
gf;j[drghtpd; Ngh~fu; gjtpapypUe;J ePf;Fk;gbahd nkk;gu;fspd;

gupe;Jiuapd; ngha; mike;j fbjj;ijg; gj;jpupf;iffSf;F mDg;Gk;gb

tujdplk; cj;jutpLfpwhu;.

NjbaJ tf;fPy;

Nrh&ghde;jRthkpfs; vd;Dk; Ngupy; rhkpahu; Nt~k; Nghl;L

jpUney;Nttyp gf;fj;jpNy ghku kf;fis Va;j;J gzk; gwpj;J te;j

nrhf;fypq;fr;nrl;bahu;> N[hjp vd;w tpjitiaf; fw;gopj;J mts; %yk;

gpwe;j Foe;ijia gf;jpahy; Vkhe;j vy;yg;gKjypf;F jj;J Mf;Ffpd;whd;.

,UgJ tUlk; fopj;J fUzh vd;Dk;ngaupy; tsu;e;J te;j kq;ifia

jpUkzk; nra;a epidj;j ,UjaehjDf;F nrhf;fpypq;fr;nrl;bahupd;

Gul;lj;jdk; njupatuNt mtu;kPJ tof;Fj; njhLf;f tf;fPiy ehLifapy;

nrl;bahu; kPJ gopRkj;Jfpwhu; vd;Dk; mtr;nrhy;NyhL cijgl;L

kUj;Jtkidapy; mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwhd; ,Ujaehjd;. (3.3.46-jpuhtplehL)

N[gkhiy(12.5.46 – jpuhtplehL ,jo;)

gy;NtW gz;lhuq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; cwq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j

GJklj;jhz;b jpBnudf; $r;rypl;L csWfpd;whd;. mijf;Nfl;l kw;nwhU

gz;lhuq;fs; mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; Nfl;f> fdtpNy n[gkhiy

ngz;zhfj;Njhd;wp> ehk; mjd;Nky; fhl;Lk; md;G Nt~k; vd;Wk; Mifahy;

NfhGuehjdplk; Kiwapl;L ek;ikj; jPu;j;JtpLtJ Nghy; kpul;LtjhfTk;

fdT fz;ljhfg; GJklj;jhz;b gz;lhuq;fsplk; $w> mijf;Nfl;l

gz;lhuq;fs; jpUthtLJiw> jUkGuk;> Kjypa ,lq;fspNy Nfs;tp Nfl;fj;

Jzptpy;yhj n[gkhiy Nghf;fplkw;w ek;kplNkh Nfs;tp Nfl;Fk; vd;W

Nfypahf tpku;rpf;fpd;wdu;.

G+gjpapd; xUehs; mYty;

gbg;gpd;wp xUNtiyAk; nra;ahky; jfg;gd; Nru;j;J itj;jpUg;gij

nryT nra;Jnfhz;L nghOJNghf;fhf Aj;j epjp t#ypf;Fk; Ntiyapy;

17
<Lgl;Lte;j kpuhRjhuu; nghd;Duhkdpd; kfd; xapyhe;j G+gjpia

epjpt#ypg;gpy; Kk;kukhf nray;gl typAWj;jp nlGbf; fnyf;lu; N[.<];

ifFYf;fp tpilngw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shu;. fnyf;lu; iff;FYf;fpaij epidj;j

ngUkpjj;jpy; xapyhze;j G+gjp tz;biaNtfkhf Xl;br;nry;ifapy; rpWtd;

rpf;fpf;nfhs;s ,Ue;jhd;. ,jd;tpisthf NghyPrhuy; vr;rupf;fg;gl;L rhu;[{k;

nra;ag;gl;lJ. Xapyhde;j G+gjp Nfhgj;Jld; tPLNehf;fp tz;bia

nrYj;Jifapy; MNtrj;Jld; njhopyhsu;fspd; $l;lk; gpd;njhluNt

Ntfj;ij mjpfg;gLj;jp tPLnrd;whd;> vdpDk; ntl;fk;> Nfhgk;> Jf;fk;

ahTk; xUNru jhf;fpajhy; G+gjp kdmOj;jj;jpw;F Mshdhd;.

Kfk; ntOj;jJ (8.9.46 – jpuhtplehL

kspiff;filapy; fzf;Fg;gps;isahf Ntiynra;JtUk;

kfhNjtKjypaupd; kfd; rptg;G %Q;rp rpq;fhuKk; trjpgilj;j FLk;gj;ijr;

rhu;e;j nrsghf;fpaj;jpd; kfd; fupaepw NtyhAjKk; xNutFg;gpy; gbj;J

tUfpd;wdu;. nghUshuhjhu uPjpahfTk; epwj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk;

,UtUf;FkpilNa rz;il Vw;gLtJ tof;fk;. Ehl;fs; nry;yr; nry;y

,UtUf;FkpilNa rz;il ngupjhfNt Mjpf;fj;jpy; cs;stu;fsplk;

tk;Gnra;jhy; cd;gbg;G nfLk;> mjw;F Vw;whu;Nghy; ele;Jnfhs; vd;W

rpq;fhuk; Mrpupau;fshy; fz;bf;fg;gLfpwhd;. rpwpJ tUlk; fopj;J eilngw;w

Nju;jypy; NtyhAjj;jpw;Fg; Nghl;bahf <Lgl;l rpq;fhuk; Njhy;tpAw;W

NtyhAjk; jahupj;j Fw;wr;rhl;bdhy; rpiwnry;fpwhd;. nrd;wtd; tpLjiy

mile;J ntspte;j jUzj;jpy; nghJf;$l;;lk; xd;wpy; “rkju;kg;gpur;rhuk;”

nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j NtyhAjj;ijg; ghu;j;j rpq;ghuj;jpw;F Kfk; ntSj;jJ.

mts; tpgr;rhupahdhs; (17.11.46 – jpuhtpl ehL)

Kjypahu;tl
P ;by; Ntiynra;JtUgts; kPdhl;rp. ,tsJ fztdhd

nfhz;lhd;> kpypl;lup Xl;ly; rpd;dhdplkpUe;J Nfhopfis thliff;Fg;ngw;W

Nfhopr;rz;il tpl;L mjd;%yk; fhR jpul;Lgtd;. Fbf;F Ml;nfhz;l

18
nfhz;lhd; rpyrkak; thlifg; gzj;ij nrYj;jhjjhy; rPWk; rpd;dhid

rkhdg;gLj;jp Nfhopfisf; nfhLf;Fk;gb nrhy;ths; kPdhl;rp. ,e; epfo;T

mbf;fb elf;fyhdij nrhjfkhff;nfhz;L kPdhl;rpia jd;tag;gLj;j

rpd;dhd; Nkw;nfhz;l Kaw;rp tPzhapw;W vdpDk; Fbj;Jtpl;L epjhdkpd;wpj;

jpupe;j nfhz;lhd; NghyPrhuhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L rpiwapy; itf;fg;gLfpwhd;.

tUlq;fs; gy nrd;w epiyapy; Kjypahu; tPl;by; gzpnra;j kPdhl;rp

rpd;dhdpd; itg;G Mfptpl;lhd;.

ehNlhb (17.11.46-jpuhtplehL)

ve;jNeuKk; Ntiy Ntiy vd;W tPL jq;fhky; ehfg;gl;bzk;>

ghz;br;Nrup> rpNyhd; vd;W Rw;wpj;jpupAk; jd;kfd; kUjhr;ryj;ijg; gw;wp

tUe;jp v[khd; vk;ngUkhdplk; Njhl;lf;fhud; khu;j;jhz;lk; gps;is

neLNeukhfg; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. mtd; fhypNy rf;fuk; ,Uf;F> ehNlhb

Mfptpl;lhd;> nfl;L miyQ;R fONj jhdj tUk; vd;W $wptpl;L fk;ngdp

$l;lj;jpw;F nrd;w v[khd; ntspA+u; Nghfhtpl;lhy; tpahghuk; vg;gb

elf;Fk;> mt;thW ,aytpy;iy vdpy; fzf;ifj; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs; vd;W jd;

fk;ngdpapy; Ntiy ghu;j;JtUk; NkNd[iu tQ;rpf;fpd;whu;. NkYk; mLj;j

rpy ehl;fspNy tpahghuk; njhlu;ghf ik#u;> ngq;f@u;> NfhaKj;J}u; Nghd;w

gy;NtW ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W ,dp nghfNtz;ba ,lq;fs; Fwpj;Jk;

N[hyhu;ngl;il [q;~dpy; jdJ ez;gd; rk;ge;jk; gps;isAld; Ngrptpl;L

vk;ngUkhd; Gwg;gLk; jUzj;jpy; tpahghuk; njhlu;ghf ntspA+u; nry;y

“kha cyF” vd;Dk; ghliyf; nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl uapYf;fhf kUjhr;ryk;

fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.

ifjpfs; (12.1.47 – jpuhtplehL)

epjpj;jiytu; jUkypq;fk;gps;is epjpapNy mlF te;jpUe;j nfk;G

ml;bifia itj;j]
P ;tu Kjypahu; tPl;Lf;F ,uty; nfhLj;jpUe;jhu;. kWehs;

ru;f;fhu; Nkyjpfhup epjpiag; ghu;itapl tUtjhf fbjk; tuNt eifia

19
thq;fp tUkhW itj;j]
P ;tud; tPl;bw;F jUkypq;fj;jhy; Ms;

mDg;gg;gLfpwJ. ml;bifapy; ,ue;j ituf; fw;fis vLj;Jf;nfhz;L

,kpNlrd; fw;fisg; gjpj;J jUkypq;fk; mDg;gpa Msplk;

nfhLj;jDg;gptpl;lhu; itj;j]
P ;tu Kjypahu;. Vy;NyhuhYk; kjpf;fg;gLgtu;

Nfhapy; ju;kfu;j;jh vd;gJ kl;LNk Kjypahiug;gw;wp ju;kypq;fj;jpw;F

njupANk jtpu kfh Nkhrbg; Ngu;top vd;gJ Kjypahupd; Nru;f;ifahy; fk;gp

vd;Dk; Kj;Jtpw;Fk; Fl;bag;gDf;Fk; kl;LNk njupAk;.

jPl;Lj;Jzp (12.1.47 – jpuhtplehL)

Neu; cz;ikAk; epiw ehzaKk; nfhz;l MNuhf;fprhkp

20
fypjPu;j;j ngUkhs; - 19-1-47 jpuhtpl ehL

fOijfs; $bf;fplf;Fk; ,lk;> kiote;jhFskhapLk;>

fOijf;Fg;gjpyhf vUikfs; GuSk;> mg;gbg;gl;l ,lk; Gjpa Nru;kd;

te;jTld; ghu;f; cUthf;fg;gl;L rPu;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ> vd r%f

rpe;jidAld; Ngrpf;nfhz;L tUk; ,UtUs; xUtuJ Kg;ghl;ldhuhd

jzpfhr;ryk; gps;is fl;ba fypjPu;j;j ngUkhs; rf;jpiag; gw;wpAk;

Ngrpf;nfhz;L tUifapy;> Foe;ijNfl;l tpisahl;Lg; nghUis thq;fg;

gzkpd;wp Foe;ijia mbf;Fk; Kdpak;khisAk;> rpWtajpy; Fz;LNrhK

vd;W Nfspahff; $g;gplg;gl;ltd; ,d;W cz;z cztpd;wp Nu\d; muprp

xt;thikahy; ,isr;rpg;Nghd NrhKitAk; fhz;fpz;wdu;. fz;l mtu;fs;

Ciu moFgLj;j Nru;kd; ,Uf;fpwhu;;@ cau caukhf NfhGuq;fs;

vOg;gg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy; “fypjPu;f;Fk; ngUkhs;” ,Uf;Fk; Cupy;

Fbnfhz;Ls;s NrhK kw;Wk; Kdpak;khspd; tWik epiyiag; Nghf;f

xUtUkpyu; vd tUe;jpr; nry;fpd;wdu;.

,k;irf;F Mshd ,yl;rpathjp 23-2-4 jpuhtpl ehL

Kdprpgy; fhyp epyj;ij Fiwe;j tpiyf;F thq;fp mjd; %yk;

nfhs;is ,yhgk; ghu;j;J tUk; it^upak; nrl;bahuplk; fl;llNk];jpupahf

Ntiyapy; ,Ug;gtu; Fkhurhkp. Kdprpgy; fhypepyj;jhy; khjk; 13>000 tiu

it^upak; nrl;bahUf;F ,yhgk; ,Ug;gpDk; mt;tUkhdj;ij mikj;Jf;

nfhLf;Fk; ghl;lhspfspd; epiyikiaf; fz;L tUj;jkilfpwhd;. vdpDk;

Viokf;fspd; tWikiaNah nrl;bahuJ Ruz;liyNah Rl;bf;fhl;l

tpUg;gkpd;wp Fkhurhkp Ntiynra;J tUk; jUzj;jpy; mtDf;Nf

njupahky; mtuJ jfg;gdhu; mtd; Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lj;jpypUe;J rg;is

nra;Ak; tpahghupfs; %yk; ,yQ;rk; ngWfpwhu; vd;w tptuk; njupa

tUfpwJ. jfg;gdhUf;Fj; njupahky; mtu; ngw;w yQ;rj;ij cupatuplk;

21
nfhLf;f epidj;J mg;gzj;ij ,utpy; vLf;f Kw;gLifapy; jpUld; vd;W

myu;J}w;wg;gLfpwhd;.

ehl;by; fhL 2-3-47

v[khd; ky;yPRuu; kw;Wk; mtuJ jk;gp khu;f;fz;Nladhy;

tpgr;rhupahf;fg;gl;lts; fUg;gp. ,t;tp\ak; njupe;Jk; tho;ehs; KOtJk;

fhg;ghw;w epidj;J mtisj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;fpd;whd; Ntyd;. ,ij

mwpe;j ky;yPRuu; mtu;fs; ,Utupd; Nky; ngha;f;Fw;wk; rhl;b tprhuidf;

$l;lk; elj;j KbntLf;fpd;whu;. ,ij mwpe;j NtyDk; fUg;gpAk; Ntw;W}u;

nry;y Maj;jkhFk; rkaj;jpy; khu;f;fz;Nladplk; gpbgl;L Ntyd; mbj;J

,k;rpf;fg;gLtJ kl;Lkpd;wp rpfg;gpia jd; ,r;irf;F cld;gLj;j

Kw;gLifapy; khu;f;fz;Nlad; rpfg;gpahy; ntl;lg;gl;L rpfg;gp jhDk;

fpzw;wpy; tpOe;J ,we;JgLfpd;whs;.

khbtPL 16-03-47 jpuhtpl ehL

$iuapd; Nky; Fuq;F nfhz;L te;J Nghl;l nrapid itj;Jj; jdJ

tpahghuj;ijg; ngUf;fpf;nfhz;L me;j ,yhgj;ijf; nfhz;L khbtPL

fl;Lfpwhu; kfhNjt Kjypahu;. n[apypNy ez;gu;fshd nfhoe;ijAk;>

ngupaz;zDk; jq;fsJ iftupiriaf; fhl;l Kjypapd; khb tPl;bw;Fs;

xspe;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; jUzj;jpy; Kjypf;Ff; Fuq;fpd; %yk; gzk; te;j

fijiag; gw;wp tPL$l;Lk; Fg;gp rkaf;fhudplk; $wf;Nfl;lJk; jd;idAk;

mwpahJ ngupaz;zd; rj;jkplNt mq;Fs;Nshuhy; gpbf;fg;gl;L

ngupaz;zDk;> Foe;ijAk; NghyPrplk; xg;gilf;fg; gLfpd;wdu;. gpwF

ngupaz;zd; fj;jpajw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; Foe;ij Nfl;f> Fuq;F jpUba

nrapdpw;fhfg; ngupaz;zd; jpUbajhf Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;L rpiwj; jz;lid

ngw;w tptuj;ijf; $Wfpwhd;. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp Nfhl;bYk; $l Fuq;F

fijia ngupaz;zd; $wf;Nfl;Nlhu; nfhy;nyd;W rpupf;fpd;wdu;. ,uz;L

tU\k; rpiwj;jz;lidAk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

22
gpbrhk;gy; 18-5-47 jpuhtpl ehL

gy;yt gilj;jsgjp guQ;N[hjp vjpupehlhd rhSf;fpa ehl;bw;Fr;

nrd;W rhSf;fpag;gilfis ntd;W> rhSf;fpa kd;ddhd GypNfrpiag;

gy;yt ehl;bw;F ,Oj;J te;jhd;. ,e;epiyapy; Njhy;tpahy; Jtz;LNghd

GypNfrp irtuhd guQ;N[hjpahupd; gyj;jhy;jhd; gy;ytehL ntw;wp;ngw;wJ.

guQ;N[hjpahupd; rptgf;jpNa gy;ytj;jpd; ntw;wpf;Ff;fhuzk; vd irt

itzt xw;Wikiaf; nfLf;Fk; tifapy; gy;ytu;fSf;fpilNa fyfj;ji

P a

%l;bajd; tpisthf itztj;ijr; rhu;e;j gy;ytu;fs; guQ;N[hjpapd; Nky;

mlq;fhf;Nfhgk; nfhz;ldu;. kf;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp kd;dd; Kjw;nfhz;L

guQ;N[hjpia ntWf;Fk;gb GypNfrp nra;j R+o;r;rpapd; tpisthf gy;ytg;

gilj;jiytd; nghWg;gpypUe;J guQ;N[hjp ePf;fg;gLfpd;whu;. ,r;R+oiyg;

gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;l GypNfrp; gy;yt ehl;il Kw;Wifapl;Lg; gy;yt

kd;didg; gzpar;nra;fpwhd;.

Nga; Xbg;Nghr;R 31-8-47 jpuhtpl ehL

XNuhu; fpuhkj;ijr; rhu;e;j nry;yhap kw;Wk; Nfhtpe;jd; MfpNahu;

xUtiu xUtu; tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. ,UtPl;lhupd; rk;kjj;Jld; mtu;fsJ

jpUkzk; eilngw ,Uf;Fk; jUzj;jpy; mf;fpuhkj;jpy; glk; ]_l;bq;

nra;J nfhz;bUe;j iluf;l;lupd; rjpr;nrayhy; Ntyd; - nry;yhap

MfpNahUf;fpilNa tpupry; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ve;NeuKk; kdthl;lj;Jld;

fhzg;gl;l nry;yhapf;Fg; Nga; gpbj;Js;sJ vd epidj;J mjid

Xl;Ltjw;fhd topKiwfisj; Njb miyfpwhu; mtsJ jfg;gdhu;

nrq;Nfhld; vdpDk; nry;yhapapd; mz;zd; rw;Wg;gbj;jtd;> Mifahy;

Nga; G+jk; ,tw;iw ek;ghJ nry;yhapapd; ,e;epiyikf;fhd fhuzj;ijj;

Njl Kw;gLifapy; iluf;l;lupd; R+o;r;rp njupatuNt iluf;l;liuf; fz;bj;J

mtu; %yk; cz;ikia czu;j;jp ,UtiuAk; Nru;j;J itf;fpwhd;.

23
rhJ 16-11-47 jpuhtpl ehL

NtyhAjj;jpd; Njhl;lj;jpy; gzpGupAk; Jiurhkp kpfr; rhJ vd

v[khdhy; ghuhl;lg;gLthd;. vdpDk; mtupd; Nky; ,Uf;Fk; Nfhgj;ij

kidtp Fg;gpapd; Nky; fhl;LtJ md;whl tof;fk;. Jiurhkp vt;tsTjhd;

mbg;gpDk; kWj;J xd;Wk; nrhy;yhJ mtupd; Nky; ,Uf;Fk; Nfhgj;ij

Cupy; nghJ eguplk; fhl;LtJ Fg;gpapd; md;whlr; nray;. ,t;thwpUf;f xU

jUzk; vg;nghOJk; jpl;Ltijg;;Nghy; Jiurhkp Fg;gpiar; rhLifapy;

tha;thu;j;ij if fyg;ghf khwpajhy; ntFz;l Fg;gp Jiuia

jpUg;gpr;rhLfpwhs;. xd;Wk; GupahJ jpifg;gile;j Jiurhkp; nray; ,oe;J

tpLfpwhd;. gzpGupAk; ,lj;jpy; ,Nj epidg;gpy; nray;gl ,ayhikahy;

v[khdu; Jiuiar; rhLifapy;> kidtpapd; Nky; ,Uf;Fk; Nfhgj;ij

v[khdu; Nky; fhl;lNt> rhJthd Jiurhkp vjpu;j;Jg; Ngrpaijf; fz;L

thailj;Jg; Nghd NtyhAjk; md;wpypUe;J Jiuiaj; jpl;Ltjpy;iy Jiu

Fg;gpiar; rhLtjpy;iy> Fg;gp gpwuplk; rz;ilapLtjpy;iy@ midtUk;

rhJthfpd;wdu;.

gyhgyd; 25-1-48 jpuhtpl ehL

Nrl; uhk;yhyplk; Vw;gl;l fld; njhy;iyahy; rpd;dg;gDf;Ff; fha;r;ry;

Vw;gLfpwJ. fld; tptuk; njupahj rpd;dg;gdpd; kidtp fkyk;khs; jd;

fztdpd; cly;epiy Fwpj;J N[hjpliu ehLifapy; R+upadJ ghu;itahy;

,t;thW cs;sJ vd;Wk;> FUtp vLj;j rPl;by; rdp kPJ Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;Lk;>

mjw;fhd gupfhuq;fs; nra;ag;gl;Lk;> kUj;Jthd; MNyhridapd; Ngupy;

kUe;Jfs; nrYj;jg;gl;Lk; tupDk; rpd;dg;gdpd; cly;epiyapy; Kd;Ndw;wk;

fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,e;epiyapy; rpd;dg;gdJ epyk; mtuJ ez;gdpd;

cjtpahy; fld;Nghf 14000 jdJ mf;fTz;l;by; kpQ;Rk; mstpw;F

n[kPd;jhuplk; tpw;fg;glNt> rpd;dg;gdpd; cly;epiy NjwpaJ. N[hjplj;jhy;

24
Njwpdhu; vd;Wk; kUj;Jtuhy; Fzkhf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Wk; Cupy; rpyu;

Ngryhapdu;.

uh[hghu;l; uq;fJiu 6-6-48 jpuhtpl ehL

„$j;jhb FU%u;j;jp‟ vd;wngau; kiwe;J „ghujkhjh ehlff; fk;ngdp

Kjyhsp‟ vd;w ngau; tUtjw;F mtu;gl;l f\;lq;fs; gy; vdpDk; ehlfj;

njhopypNy FU%u;j;jpf;Ff; fpilj;j ew;ngau;> nry;thf;F Mfpatw;wpw;Ff;

fhuzkhapUe;j uq;Fit uh[hghu;l;lhf;fp kfpo;e;jhu; FU%u;j;jp ,tu;fSf;F

,ilNa ,Uf;Fk; el;ghdJ ghu;g;gtu; kj;jpapy; nghwhikia Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

,jd; tpisthfj; jpwikf;Nfw;w ,lkspg;gtu; FU%u;j;jp vd;Wk;> rjhru;t

fhyKk; rhg;ghl;Lf;Nf f\;lg;gl;l FU%u;j;jpf;F uq;FtUifahy; jhd; rhd;];

Mapuk; vd ,Utu; kj;jpapYk;> ,ilg;gl;Nlhu; tp\tpijiaj; J}t> uq;F

kw;Wk; FU%u;j;jpf;fpilNa tUj;jk; Vw;gl;L ehsiltpy; mJNt ,UtUk;

gpupaf;fhuzkhapw;W. ebg;ig tpl;l uq;fd;; ntw;wpiyghf;Ff; filapd; %yk;

fpilf;Fk; tUthiaf; nfhz;L FLk;gk; rPuhf Xl;baijg;Nghy

FU%u;j;jpf;Fk; ehlfj;Jiuapy; ngupa ,og;G ,y;iy. vdpDk;> fiy

cyfpw;F Vw;gl;l el;lj;ij xU rpyu; czu;e;jdu;.

kuj;Jz;L 13-6-48

xU rpy ehl;fs; nrd;why; jhdhfNt kz;NklhfptpLk; vd;w epiyapy;

,Ue;j tPl;ilg; gOJ ghu;j;Jf; FbapUg;gjw;Fj; jf;ftpjkhf;fpdhu;

jUkypq;fk;. xU jUzk; mbj;j gyj;j fhw;W kwWk; kioapdhy; tPl;bd;

rikayiur;Rtu; rupe;J tpLk; epiyapy; ,Ug;gijf;fz;l jUkypq;fk;

tPl;bd; Gwf;filapy; fple;j kuj;Jz;il Rtw;wpw;F Kl;Lf;nfhLf;fg;

gadgLj;jpdhu;;. gpwF Rtu; gOJ ghu;f;fg;gl;lJk; gioagb kuj;Jz;L fPNo

fplj;jg;gl;L fiuahd; mwpf;fg;gl;L gadw;W fple;jJ. mijf;fz;l kw;nwhU

egu; kuj;Jz;L gadpd;wp fplf;fpwNj vd;W Nfl;f mjw;F

jUkypq;fj;jplkpUe;J gjpy; VJk; tuhjepiyapy; “ehd; jplkhf ,Ue;Njd;-

25
gad; gl;bUg;Ngd;-vd;idg; gad; gLj;jtpy;iy fiuahd; jpd;W

nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;d nra;a‟‟! vd;W Nfl;f tha; ,d;wp fple;jJ

kuj;Jz;L.

,Uk;ghuk; 13-6-48 jpuhtpl ehL

miyflypy; mQ;rhJ nrd;W Gjpa cyiff; fz;Lgpbj;Jf;nfhLj;j

nfhyk;gRf;F ];ngapd;; ehl;L murUk; murpAkhd> ngu;bdhz;L kw;Wk;

,]ngy;yhthy; kfj;jhd tuNtw;G mspf;fg;gl;lJ. Nfhyk;g];]pd; Gfo;

];ngapd; kl;Lkpd;wp gy;NtW ehLfspYk; gutpw;W> ,jdhy; nghwhikAw;w

rpy tp\f;fpUkpfs; nfhyk;g];i]g; gw;wpa mtJ}uhd fUj;Jf;fis murd;

kj;jpapy; tpijj;jjd; tpisthf nfhyk;gRk; mtuJ rNfhjud;

ghu;j;jNyhkpNahTk; tpsq;fplg;gl;ldu;. vdpDk; kf;fs; Nghuhbajd;

tpisthf tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;l nfhyk;g]; kj;jpapy;> gioa cw;rhfk;

gho;gl;lJ. nghd;dhil> ,Uk;ghuk; vd ,U epiyfisAk; fz;l nfhyk;g];

1506 mk; ,we;jhu; mtUld; Nru;j;J ,Uk;ghuKk; Gijf;fg;gl;lJ.

flTs; jz;bg;ghu; 26-12-48 jpuhtpl ehL

fsthLjy;;> fw;gopj;jy; vdj; jPq;Ffs; gy Gupe;JtUk; fhj;jhid

vjpu;f;f ijupakpd;wp flTs; jz;bg;ghu; vd rhgkpLk; gzf;fhu tu;f;f

fhKfd; jdJ ,r;irf;F kq;if xUtis cld;gLj;j mtdplkpUe;J

jg;gpf;f Kaw;rp nra;Jk; gadpd;wp vd;NwDk; cd;idf; flTs; jz;bg;ghu;

vd rhgkpLk; kq;if-kd cisr;rSf;F Mshf;fp Vkhw;wk; milar;nra;Ak;

tl;bf;fil tujg;gid jz;bf;f topapd;wp flTs; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;thu; vdr;

rgpf;Fk; fldhsp-ifapy; fj;jpAld; gze;Njbapd; tPl;by; cs;s midj;Jg;

nghUl;fisAk; vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; fs;sidj; jLf;f Kad;Wk; gadpd;wp

,jw;fhd Copaj;ijf; flTs; nfhLg;ghu; vdf; $wp MWjy; milAk;

gze;Njb vd jdJ fj;jpf;F kPwpa mf;fpukf;fhuu;fis ghkuu;fs; jz;bf;f

topapd;wpf;; flTs;Nky; ghuj;ij ,wf;fp jd;id tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

26
ts;sp ehafpapd; Nfhgk; 14-1-49 jpuhtpl ehL

jf;f fhuzk; fhl;;b Kjy; kidtpiar; rl;lg;gb tpyf;fpdhy; kl;LNk>

NtW Xu; kq;ifiaf; fy;ahzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd;w jkpofj;J ke;jpup

Xke;J}u; ,uhkrhkp mtu;fshy; ,aw;wg;gl;l ,Ujhu kzj;jilr;rl;lj;ijf;

Nfs;tpg;gl;l ts;sp mk;ikahu; MWKfj;jhdplk; njuptpf;f> ,ijf;

Nfs;tpg;gl;l MWKfj;jhd; Nfhgj;Jld; ke;jpupiar; re;jpf;fr;nry;fpd;whu;.

mj;jUzk; tof;fkhf fpUj;jpif md;W nksdtpujk; ,Uf;Fk; Xke;jhUld;

Ngr ,ayhky; Kfthl;lj;Jld; jpUk;gpaijf; fz;l ts;spf;F Nfhgk; fiu

Guz;Nlhl> gf;fj;Jr;Nrhiyf;F gwe;J nry;fpd;whu; KUfd;.

fdtpy; fPuju; - (20-3-49) jpuhtpl ehL

1917-1923 k; Mz;Lfspy;> gPfhu; khfhz Rfhjhu ,yhf;fh fq;if

Mw;Wj; jz;zi
P u Kiwg;gb guPl;rpj;Jg; ghu;j;J ,j;jz;zPu; Neha;fisj;

jPu;f;Fk; rf;jp ngw;wjy;y vd;W by;ypghu;ypnkz;by;> Rfhjhu ke;jpup

uh[Fkhup mk;Uj;nfsup $upaijf; Nfl;l fq;fhNjtp tpk;kp

mOtijg;Nghd;Wk;> mijf;Nfl;l ifiyehjd; tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; kPJ

Nghu;f;Nfhyk; G+z;lJNghyTk;> ,jid mwpe;j fPuju;> up\g thfdk;

Vwpr;nry;Yk; Kd;G tpQ;Qhdp tpkhdNkwpr; nry;thNd! R+yhAjj;ij

tPRtjw;FKd;G tpQ;Qhdp mZFz;il tPrptpLthNd vd;W ifiyehjuplk;

$Wtijg;NghyTk; fdT fz;l jk;gpia mtdJ mz;zd; jl;;b vOg;gpa

gpwFjhd; jk;gpf;F jhd; fz;lJ fdT vd;fpw cz;ik njupa tUfpwJ

vdpDk; mj;jUzNk fq;if Muha;r;rp gw;wpa tpQ;Qhdj;jpd; jPu;g;G gw;wpa

nra;jp gj;jpupf;ifapy; ntspahdJ.

nrt;thio – 1-5-49 jpuhtpl ehL

gz;iz gue;jhk Kjypahupd; nfhy;iyapy; cioj;J tUk;

nrq;Nfhld; jd;tl
P ;Lf;nfhs;isapy; jd; gps;isfistplr; nry;ykhf

tsu;j;Jte;j nrt;thio Fiy js;spaJ. ,jidf;fz;l nrq;Nfhldpd;

27
Foe;ijfs; ehtpy; ePu; Cw nrt;thio ntl;lg;gLk; ehis vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;Fk;

rkaj;jpy; Kjypahupd; kUkfs; gpwe;jehspw;F nrt;thio Ntz;b Kjypapd;

fzf;fg;gps;isahy; nrq;Nfhldplk; Nfl;fg;gl> kWf;f kdkpd;wp Kjypapd;

tPl;bw;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. nrt;thio Ntz;b nrq;Nfhldpd; Kjy; kfd;

fupadpd; gpbthjk; ehd;F ehl;fshapDk; tpl;lghby;iy Mifahy;

fhyzhitf; ifapy; nfhLj;J fupaidf; filf;fDg;gpdhs; nrq;Nfhldpd;

kidtp Fg;gp. nrq;NfhldplkpUe;J Kjypf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l nrt;thio

Kjypapd; fzf;Fg;gps;isahy; filf;F tpw;fg;gl;L mf;filapy;

tpw;gidf;F itf;fg;gl;bUe;jijf; fz;lfupad;> jd;dplk; ,Ue;j

fhyzhitf; nfhz;L thq;f Kw;gLifapy; mtDf;F Vkhw;wNk kpQ;rpaJ.

Gjpa ehadhu; (4-6-50 jpuhtpl ehL)

fz;zg;gdpd; kfs; Kfpy; fz;zg;gdplk; fzf;fg;gps;isahfg;

gzpahw;wptUk; kUjg;gidj; jpUkzk; nra;a tpUk;Gfpwhs;. mjid

tpUk;ghj fz;zg;gd; trjpiaf; fhuzk; fhl;b rq;fg;gl;b rptNeru; kfd;

jzpfhryj;ij khg;gps;isahf;f Kw;gLfpwhu;. vdpDk; fz;zg;gdpd; kfd;

kzpthrfj;jpw;F jfg;gdhupd; Kbtpy; cld;ghby;iy. Mifahy; mtUld;

rz;ilapl;L tPl;iltpl;L ntspNaWfpwhd;. jpUkzf;fhupakhf fz;zg;gd;

gazk; nra;j NgUe;J tpgj;Jf;F cs;shdjpy; fz;zg;gd; Raepidit

,oe;Jtpl;lhu; vd;w nra;jpiag; gj;jpupf;ifapd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhz;l

kzpthrfk; jfg;gdhiuf; fhzr;nrd;W mtuJ G+u;j;jp nra;ag;glhj

Miriaf;Nfl;f> jhd; ehadhuhf Ntz;Lnkd;fpwhu; fz;zg;gd;. ,jidr;

rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L jq;if Kfpiy kUjg;gDf;F jpUkzk;

nra;Jitf;f rk;kjk; ngw;W jq;ifapd; Miria epiwNtw;wp

itg;gJkl;Lkpd;wp> rptngUkhd; ehadhiu Ml;nfhs;s fOij

cUtnkLj;J mtu; nrd;w NgUe;jpw;fpilapy; nrd;W tpgj;Jf;Fs;shf;fpajd;

28
tpisthf fz;zg;gd; Nkhl;rkile;jhu; vd;w nra;jpia mr;rpl;ntspapl;L

jfg;gdhiuAk; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jpdhu; kzpthrfk;.

gf;j gf;fhj; jpUld; 1 –(11-06-50 jpuhtpl ehL)

jpUth&u; KOtJk; ngupafUg;gd; nrl;b mz;l; Nfh [Tsp`hy;

k`hypd; tpsk;guk; ,y;yhj Rtu;fNs ,y;iy vd;Dk;gb ,Ue;jJ [Tsp

tpsk;guk;. Nghyp];gilapd; ghJfhg;NghLk;> ,isQu;fspd; xj;Jiog;NghLk;

Xbf;nfhz;bUe;j jpUth&u; Nju; gs;skpd;wp> gLFopapd;wp epd;wjw;fhd

fhuzj;ij Mrpupau; xUtu; cw;WNehf;Fifapy; Rtiunay;yhk;

milj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; nrse;ju;a k`hy; tpsk;guq;fs; njd;glNt

mjw;fhd fhuzj;ij mt;top nrd;w ,isQdplk; Nfl;fpd;whu;.

GNuhfpju;fsplk; gzj;ijf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L> mt;tplj;jpy; Njiu

epWj;jr;nrhy;yp $l;lj;ijf; $l;b mjd;%yk; jdJ tpahghuj;ijg;

ngUf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F „gf;j‟ gf;fhj; jpUldhd nrl;bapd; Aj;jp vd;W

$Wfpd;whd;. ,ijf;Nfl;l Mrpupau; MNkhjpj;J jiyairj;Jr; nry;fpwhu;.

gpuk;kehafk; (2-07-50) jpuhtpl ehL

$ypia cau;j;jpdhy;jhd; Ntiyf;F tUtjhf Nghuhl;lk; nra;Ak;

Ntiyahl;fisg;gw;wp gpuk;kehafk; epidj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;ifapy;> fhq;fp;uRj;

jiytu; jq;fs; CUf;F tUif GuptjhfTk; mjw;F gpuk;kehafj;jpd;

jiyikapy; nghJf;$l;lk; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLtJkhd nra;jpia fhq;fpuR

fkpl;b fhupajuprp fd;dpag;gd; $wf;Nfl;lJk;> mjidr; rhjfkhf;fpf;nfhz;l

gpuk;kehafk;> Nghuhl;lk; nra;Ak; $ypahl;fis fz;bj;J itf;Fk;gb

fhq;fpu]; jiytiu Nkilapy; NgRk;gb$wr; nrhy;ypAk;> mj;Jld; 200&

fd;dpag;gdplk; rpyTf;Ff; nfhLj;Jk; czT kw;Wk; ,Ug;gplk; Mfpait

jq;fs; tPl;bNy jiytUf;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLk; vd;Wk; $wp

fd;dpag;gidj; jpUg;jpahf mDg;gpitj;jhu.;;

29
fUg;gzrhkp Nahrpf;fpwhu; - 4-2-51 jpuhtpl ehL

fUg;gzrhkpapd; gf;ju;fshd fUg;g cilahu; kw;Wk; gpr;rcilahu;

MfpNahu;fSf;fpilNa Vw;gl;l gpur;ridahy; fUg;gzrhkp kz;lgj;jpy;

G+l;lg;gLfpwhu;. rhkpiaf; NfhapYf;Fs; nfhz;L nry;y ,e;Jkjg; gupghyd;

Nghu;luplk; fUg;gcilahu; Kiwapl;Lk; gadpd;wp ,Wjpapy; NghyPrhuhy; G+l;L

cilf;fg;gl;Lr; rhkp ntspf;nfhz;L tug;gLfpwJ. „eh];jpfu;fshf

,Ug;gpDk; $l kdpju;fspd; gpur;ridfisj; jPu;j;Jitj;jy;> mtu;fSld;

goFjy; vd;W fhyk; js;Sfpwhufs;;. Mdhy; gf;ju;fs; vd;w ngaupy; fw;G+uk;

nfhSj;jp Muhjid nra;NthNuh Ciuf;fhf;Fk; vd;idg; NghyPrhupd;

Jizahy; kPl;fg;gLk; mstpw;F nfhz;L nry;fpd;wdu; vd;W fUg;gzrhkp

Nahrpf;fpd;whu;.

kdpj ke;ij – 18-03-51 jpuhtpl ehL

rhkpNgiur;nrhy;yp capupdq;fs; gypaplg;gLtij gFj;jwpT

,af;fj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;fshd gukrptk; kw;Wk; ghu;j;jpgd; Mfpa ,UtUk;

jq;fsJ gpur;rhuj;jpd; %yk; jLj;Jte;jdu;. ,tu;fsJ gpur;rhuj;ij jLf;f

epidj;j Nfhzq;fpgps;is gz;izahs; %yk; Nfhapy; rpiyiaj;

jpUlr;nra;J> mr;rpiyia gFj;jwpT ,af;fj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;fs;

jpUbajhfg; ngha;rhl;rp $Wk;gb G+rhupaplKk;> gz;zahsplKk; cj;juT

gpug;gpj;jhu;. md;wpwT Nfhzhq;fpgps;is J}q;Fk;nghOJ mk;kd; mtu;Nky;

Nfhgk; nfhz;L fbe;jJ NghyTk;> mk;kd; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; kdpj

ke;ijfs;jhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd;W mt;tplk; tpl;Lr; nrd;wijg; NghyTk; mk;kd;

$wpajhf fdT fz;L jpLf;fpl;L tpopj;njOe;j Nfhzq;fp> mUfpypUe;j

mtuhy; jpUlg;gl;l mk;kd; mtiug; ghu;j;J Nfypahfr; rpupj;jijg;Nghy;

czu;e;jhu;. mj;jUzk; fhzhky; Nghd rpiy Nfhzq;fpg; gps;isapd;

tPl;by; ,Ug;gJ gz;izahy; %yk; Cu;kf;fSf;Fj; njupatuNt kf;fs;

Kw;Wifapl;ldu;.

30
jpUkiy fz;l jpt;aN[hjp

kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;kd; Nfhapy; gpujk gl;lhr;rhupahupd; kfs;

Re;juts;sp kPJ Mirnfhz;l kJiu kd;dd; jpUkiy jpUkzk;

nra;Jnfhs;tjhff; $wp mtdJ ,r;irf;F ,iuahf;fpajd; tpisthf

fd;dp fUTWfpwhs;. kze;Jnfhs;s kd;dd; rk;kjpj;Jk; [hjp> rh];jpuk;

Mfpatw;why; kd;didg; gl;lhr;rhupahu; Vw;f kWf;fNt Re;juts;sp tp\k;

gUfp capu;tpLfpwhs;. Mifahy; kd;didg; gopthq;f epidj;j

gl;lhl;rhupahu; Guhjd khu;f;fj;ij kd;dd; gopg;gjhf tje;jpiag;; gug;gp

ypq;fz;zh vd;ghupd; xj;Jiog;Gld; kd;didg; gopthq;Ffpwhd;> vdpDk;

kd;ddpd; ,wg;G kf;fsplk; kiwf;fg;gl;L kd;dd; jpUkiy NjtpNahL

If;fpakhfptpl;lhu; vd;w nra;jp kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gug;gg;gLfpwJ.

jQ;ir tPo;r;rp – 14-1-53 jpuhtpl ehL

gpuhkzu;fspd; kdk; JspAk; NfhzhJ jhdk; nra;J te;j jQ;ir

kd;dd; tp[auhftid kJiu nrhf;fehjdpd; gilfs; jhf;fpajd;

tpisthf tp[auhftd; FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j rpWFoe;ij jtpu kd;dd;

cl;gl mtuJ FLk;gNk ,we;JgLfpwJ. Mifahy;> kJiu kd;dd;

nrhf;fehjuplk; rpf;fpa jQ;irf;F mtdJ jk;gp mofpupia mupaidf;F

mku;j;Jfpd;whu;. ,jdhy; ntFz;nlOe;j tPud; xUtd; nrhf;fehjdpd;

gilfisj; jhf;fKw;gLifapy; ghz;bagilahy; Juj;jg;gl;L rrpNyfh

vd;Dk; kq;ifaplk; milf;fykhfpwhd;. mj;jUzk; tp[auhftd;

FLk;gj;ijr; rhu;e;j> nrhf;fehjd; gilfsplkpUe;J jg;gpj;j Foe;ij

nrq;fkyk; vd;w ngaupy; tzpfdplk; tsu;e;J te;jJ njupatuNt>

mf;Foe;ijia jQ;irf;F kd;ddhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; tPud; <LgLfpwhd;.

Mofpupf;Fk; mtuJ mz;zd; nrhf;fehjUf;Fk; gifia %l;b> mofpupAld;

,zf;fkhfp gpwF mofpupiaNa mopf;f epidj;j Ntjpadhd

ntq;fz;zhtpd; cjtpia tPud; ehb mtupd; %yk; nrq;fkyk; jQ;ir

31
kd;ddhf;fg;gLfpwhd;. mj;jUzk; ntq;fz;zh kw;Wk; nrq;fkyj;jpd;

tsu;g;Gg;ngw;Nwhu; MfpNahu;fSf;fpilNa mikr;ru; gjtpf;fhd Nghl;b

Vw;glNt tsu;g;G ngw;Nwhupd; md;gpw;fpzq;fr; nray; gl;lhd; nrq;fkyd;.

,jdhy; ntFz;nlOe;j ntq;fz;zh rpth[papd; jk;gp ntq;fh[papd;

cjtpia ehb mtu;fs; %yk; nrq;fz;zhit Njhy;tpailar; nra;aNt

ntq;fh[p jQ;irf;F kd;ddhfpwhd;.

nuhl;bj;Jz;L – 14-1-53 jpuhtpl ehL

Vio vspatu;fspd; ciog;ig cwpQ;rpf; nfhOf;Fk; ghjfu;fisr;rhb

“nuhl;bj;Jz;L” vdj; jiyg;gplg;gl;L fjpu;NtYthy; vOjg;gl;l fbjk;

Miy Kjyhspapd; kfd; ghuj;G+\dplk; mfg;glNt> mf;fbjk; mtdhy;

vOjg;gl;lijg;Nghy; mr;rplg;gl;L ntspapl mjd; %yk; ghuj;G+\d;

gpugykhfpd;whd;. MapDk; Miy Kjyhspapd; kfd; Viofshy;

Mjupf;fg;gl;L gpugykhdij tpUk;ghj ghuj;G+\dpd; jfg;gdhu; mtidr;rhbf;

fbjk; xd;iw mDg;Gfpwhu;. mj;jUzNk ghuj;G+\dplkpUe;J Miy

Kjyhspf;F fbjk; tUfpwJ. mf;fbjj;ijg; gbj;j Kjyhsp “nuhl;bj;Jz;L

ghuj;G+\dhy; vOjg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ gw;wpAk; ghuj;G+\d; Ngupy;

mr;rplg;gl;lij mwpe;j fjpu;NtY ntFz;ljhy; NfhgKw;W mtidj;jhf;fpa

ghuj;G+\d; gpur;ridapy; Ml;gl;Ls;shd; vd;gijg;gw;wpAk; mwpe;J nfhz;L

Jg;ghf;fpf;Fg;gpwe;jJ gPuq;fpahfj;jhNd ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Mde;jg;gLfpwhu;.

,Utu; - 5-7-53 jpuhtpl ehL

Vio vd;gjhy; jpUkzk; nra;a vtUk; Kd;tuhjjhy; re;ijg;Ngl;il

fpuhkj;ijr;Nru;e;j rz;Kfj;jpw;F jd; jq;if fhkhl;rpia kzKbj;J

itf;fpwhd; ,uj;jpdk;. juj;jpy; jho;e;j ,lj;jpy; ngz; nfhLj;Js;shd;

vd;gijf;fhuzk; fhl;b ,uj;jpdj;jpd; Rw;wj;jhu; mtid xJf;fpajd;

tpisthf mj;ij kfs; mQ;RTld; mtDf;F elf;ftpUe;j jpUkzk;

jilgLfpwJ. mJkl;Lkpd;wp Fbfhuf; fztdhy; rpf;fpr; rPuopAk; jq;ifapd;

32
epiy gw;wpAk; njupatuNt jd; jq;ifAld; goNtw;fhl;L Mz;ltd;

rd;djpf;Fr; nrd;W cs;sf; FKwNyhL juprpj;Jtpl;L ,UtUk; Nfhapy;

Fsj;jpy; Fjpj;J ,we;JgLfpd;wdu;.

gtog];gk;; - 14-1-54 jpuhtpl ehL

nfhs;is ,yhgk; mbf;Fk; $l;lj;jpd; nfhl;lj;ij mlf;f Ntz;b

kf;fs; kd;wj;jpd; rhu;ghf mk;gythzf; ftpapd; kfs; kUjty;yp

vLj;Jiuj;jhs;. kf;fis Va;g;gjpy; kjpkpf;ftdhd kd;dDf;F

kUjty;ypapd; Ngr;R ftiyA+l;bajhifahy; mtspd; fztd;

etNfhbahiu mioj;J kJuty;ypiaf; fz;bf;Fk;gb vr;rupf;fpd;whu;. ,jd;

tpisthf kUjty;ypf;Fk; etNfhbahUf;Fk;kpilNa gpur;rid %z;L

etNfhbahiutpl;Lg; gpupe;J Gj;jklhyak; nrd;wilfpwhs;. kUjty;ypahy;

Gjpa khu;fk; tpuptile;j epiyapy; ,Uky;> fha;r;ry; vd fLikahd

Nehahy; kf;fs; mtjpAw;wdu;. kUjty;ypapd; jfg;gdhUk; me;Neha;f;F

Ml;gl;lepiyapy; gtog];gj;jhy; kl;LNk Nehiaf; Fzg;gLj;jKbAk; vd;w

epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,j;jUzk; kd;ddhy; tprhuidf; $lj;jiytdhf

epakpf;fg;gl;l jhdg;gdhy; tprhuidapd; Ngupy; etNfhbahu;

er;rupf;fg;gLfpwhu; vd;fpw tp\ak; njupatuNt kUjty;yp Gj;jklhyaj;ij

tpl;L etNfhbahupd; ,y;yk; GFfpd;whs.; kUjty;yp gioa khu;f;fj;Jf;F

jpUk;gpajhf epidj;J itjPf tl;lhuj;jpNy kfpo;r;rp epytpw;W. ,jdhy;

kfpo;r;rpAw;w etNfhbahu; kUjty;ypia gtokhiyfshy; myq;fupj;J

kfpo;e;jhu;. MapDk; jfg;gdpd; capiuf; fhg;ghw;WtJ kw;Wk;

kd;ddplkpUe;J jd; fztDf;F Vw;gLk; Mgj;ijj; jLg;gJ vd;w

nghWg;gpypUe;J tpLgl epidj;j kUjty;yp fztdplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;l

gtokhiyfisf; nfhz;L gto g\;gj;ijj; jahupj;J jfg;gdpd; capiuf;

fhg;ghw;wp> jd; capiu kha;j;Jf;nfhz;L fztidg; gpur;ridapypUe;J

tpLtpf;fpwhs;.

33
%d;W fbjq;fs; - 14-01-54 jpuhtpl ehL

jpUkz taJ te;Jk; Vo;ikepiyahy; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s

,ayhJ vj;jidNah Ngu; ,Ug;gpDk; fps;spapy; Ntg;gkuj;jpw;Fk;

murkuj;jpw;Fk; jpUkzk; vd;fpw nra;jp „gyfzp‟ gj;jpupf;ifapy;

ntspahdijf;fz;l eluhrd; %lek;gpf;ifj;jdkhd ,r;nraiyf; fz;bf;f

epidj;Jk; jd; mj;ij kfisf;fhd tpUk;gpAk; fps;spNehf;fpr; nry;fpd;whd;.

mj;jUzk; fz;ghu;it Fd;wpa epiyapy; mq;F te;j Re;juk; vd;ghu;

jdf;F te;j %d;W fbjq;fisg; gbj;Jf;fhl;LkhW eluhrdplk;

nfhLf;fpd;whu;. Re;juj;jpd; [hjfk; Nahf [hjfk; vd;Wk; re;Njh\Kk;>

nfsutKk; fpilf;Fk; vd;Wk; N[`pe;J N[hjpl rghtpypUe;J te;jpUe;jJ

Kjy; fbjk;. rhkpahupd; Ngr;irf;Nfl;L Gijay; fpilf;Fk; vd;w Mirahy;

rpWtidf; fhT nfhLj;j Re;juj;jpd; khg;gps;is NghyPrplk; mfg;gl;L;f;

nfhz;lhu; vd;w kw;nwhU fbjk; khg;gps;isapd; jk;gpaplkpUe;J

tug;gl;bUe;jJ. Ntk;G-mur jpUkzk; %lek;gpf;ifahdJ vdf;$wp mjidj;

jLf;f fps;spf;F te;jpUf;Fk; eluh[d; vd;Dk; Mrhkpahy; gpur;rid

tuhjgb ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;SkhWk; Re;juj;jpd; FUthd mUs;thf;F

mk;gythzdplkpUe;Jk; %d;whtJ fbjk; te;jpUe;jJ. ,f;fbjq;fis

eluhrd; gbf;ff;Nfl;l Re;juk; mtw;iwf; fpopj;Jtpl;L ,dp ,tu;fis

ek;GtJ Kl;lhs;jdk; vdf; $wpr; nry;fpd;whu;. jhd; te;j Ntiy

epiwTw;wJ vd;w jpUg;jpapy; ,Uf;Fk; eluhrDf;F jd; mj;ij kfs;

Kj;jk;khtpd; Fws; Nfl;f mtisf; fhzr;nry;fpd;whd;.

34
vjdhy;? -21-2-54 jpuhtpl ehL

Foe;ij tuk; Ntz;b g[id nra;J gz;izahupd; kidtp

re;jhdyl;Rkp gf;ju;fspd; Fk;gNyhL jpUg;gjpf;Fg; Gwg;gLfpwhs; . gf;ju;fspd;;

Mu;g;ghl;lj;ijf;Nfl;l gz;izahupd; Njhl;lj;jpy; Fbnfhz;bUf;Fk; ,Usd; -

rpfg;gp jk;gjpfspd; Foe;ij md;dk; ,jw;fhd fhuzj;ij ngw;Nwhu;fsplk;

Nfl;f> rhkpjuprk; ngwr; nry;tjhfj; jha; nrhy;yf;Nfl;l md;dk; rhkpd;dh

vd;dk;kh vd;w kw;nwhU tpdhit vOg;Gfpwhs; ek;ik tho itg;gtu; rhkp

vd;W rpfg;gp $Wfpwhs; mijf;Nfl;l md;dk; jhDk; rhkp juprdk; ngw

Ntz;b tw;GWj;j> ek; rhkp ek;ik tho itf;Fk; v[khd; vd;fpwhs; rpfg;gp.

,jidf; Nfl;l md;dk; jd; ifg;gl ePu; Cw;wp gf;Ftkhf tsu;j;njLj;j

gwq;fpf;fhia jd; v[khdplk; nfhLf;fNtz;b g[id ghb jpUg;gjpf;Fg;

Gwg;gLk; gf;ju;fsplk; nfhLf;f ghftjupd; ifapy; ,Ue;j jk;Guh

mjd;kPJgl;L fPNo tpOe;jfha; J}shfr; rpjwpaJ. mOjgbNa rpjwpafhiag;

nghWf;fpf;nfhz;L tPl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gpa md;dk; gwq;fpf;fhapd; epidthfNt

gpjw;wpf;nfhz;bUe;jgbNa ,we;Jtpl;lhs;.

rkaGuj;jk;kd; khde];l tof;F – 16-05-54

jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spf;F mUNf cs;s Njtij rkaGuj;jhis mbgzpe;J

tzq;fpte;j gf;ju;fs;> G+id fbj;J ,we;j fpU];jtrhkpahiu tzq;fp

mtu; ,we;j ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; „rhk;giy‟ G+rpf;nfhz;L rfy rpj;jpAk;

fpilg;gjhff; $wp Gwj;jhq;Fb nry;fpd;wdu;. ,e;J kjj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;fs;

xU fpU];jt rhkpahupd; rhtplj;ijg; Gdpj ,lkhff; nfhs;tjhy; jdJ

nry;thf;F rpijAk; epiy cUthfpAs;sJ vd ru;f;fhuplk;

tof;Fj;njhLf;fpwhs; rkaGuj;J mk;kd;.

mWtil

MupaD}u; fpuhkj;jpy; 60 Vf;fu; epyj;ijf; Fj;ijiff;Ftpl;L

mjd;%yk; gzk; ghu;j;J tUgtu; tf;fPy; NtZNfhghyhr;rhup.

35
epyg;gpuGj;JtKiwiaf; fz;bj;J cOgtDf;Nf epyk;! epygpuGj;JtKiw

xopf! vd;w Kof;fq;fs; NtZNfhghyhr;rhupahupd; nrtpapy; tpo

Muk;gpj;jJ. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp tf;fPy; rq;fj;jpYk; ,ijg;gw;wpNa gyu;

Ngryhapdu;. jdJ epyk; Fj;jiff;fhuu;fsplk; nrd;WtpLNkh vd epidj;J

NtZNfhghyhr;rhup fpuhkk; nrd;W Vu; cOtijg;Nghy; glk; vLj;Jf;

nfhs;fpwhu;. mJkl;Lkpd;wp coTj;njhopy; Nkk;ghL gw;wpa VLfisg;gbj;J

gpuRuKk; nra;JtUfpwhu;. ,tuJ gpur;Ru Nkk;ghl;lhy; coTj;njhopypy;

GJKiwfisf; fz;lwptjw;fhf cyfk; Rw;wptu ru;f;fhu; rd;khdk;

toq;fpaJ. tptrhaj;ijNa tho;thjhukhff;nfhz;L $ypf;fhuzhfNt fhyk;

fopf;Fk; tptrhapfSf;F ,r;nra;jp mjpu;r;rpA+l;lyhapw;;W.

gy;ypspf;Fk; gug;gpuk;kq;fs; - 14-1-55 jpuhtpl ehL

kpuhR gz;izapy; Copauhfg; gzpGupgtd; me;Njhzprhkp.

nghJr;Nritapy; Mo;e;j <LghL nfhz;ltd;. xU jUzk; mtdJ

fpuhkj;jpy; gQ;rk; Vw;gl;L kf;fs; grp gl;bdpahy; thLtijf; fz;l

me;Njhzp Viofspd; grpiag; Nghf;f epidj;J kpuhRjhuu; kw;Wk;

khNd[u;fsplk; ney;> gzk; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fldhff;Nfl;Lk; fpilf;fhjjhy;

kpuhRjhuupd; fsQ;rpaj;jpNy ,Ue;j ney;iyj; jpUb kf;fsplk; nfhLj;J

mjdhy; rpiw nry;fpd;whd;. ney; jpUba tof;fpy; me;Njhzprhkp ifJ

nra;ag;gl;likf;F tho;j;Jf;fs; vd;w nra;jp „ghuj;tu;\k;‟ gj;jpupf;ifapy;

jiyaq;fkhf mg;gj;jpupf;ifapd; Mrpupau; ntspapl;Ls;shu;. gpugy

kpuhRjhuhu; Ngahz;b gps;isapd; kPJ ,Nj Nghy; ney; jpUl;L Fw;wk;

rhl;lg;gl;lg;nghOJ „Njrpathjp> fhq;fpu];fhuu;> mg;gbg;gl;ltu; ,f;fhupak;

nra;tjw;F tha;g;gpy;iy vd kpuhRjhuUf;F rhu;ghf ghuj;tu; \k;‟

gj;jpupf;ifapy; nra;jp ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. „ehaplk; fb thq;fpdhy; $l mJ

gzf;fhu eha; vd;why; fb thq;fpatd; kPJjhd; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gLk; ‟

vd;gjw;Nfw;g „guj;tu;\k; gj;jpupf;ifahsu; Nghd;w gzf;fhuu;fisf; fz;lhy;

36
gy;ypspf;Fk; gug;gpuk;khf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;tiu Vio gzf;fhuu; Vw;wj; jho;Tfs;

epytpf;nfhz;Nljhd; ,Uf;Fk; vd;w fUj;ij ,f;fijapd; %yk; Mrpupau;

Kd;itf;fpwhu;.

Fkhup #u;ah -14-1-55 jpuhtpl ehL

#upa gfthidg; ngz;zhfg; ghtpj;J Kd;nghUfhyj;jpy;

[g;ghdpau;fshy; tzq;fg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. ,rdhfp vd;w Mz;flTs;

,rdhkp vd;w ngz;flTs; Mfpa ,Utupd; %yk; mf;dpNjtd; gpwe; jhd;

vdTk; mtu; gpwe;j mj;jUzj;jpy; ,rdhkp ,we;JglNt> NfhgKw;w

,rdhfp mf;dp Njtidf; nfhd;Wtpl;L Nfhgk; jzpe;j epiyapy; jd;

fz;fisf; fOTk; nghOJ ,lJ fz;zpypUe;J #upaDk; tyJ

fz;zpypUe;J re;jpuDk;> %f;fpypUe;J tUzDk; gpwe;jjhfTk; $wp

rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; tpoh elj;jp topgl;L te;Js;sdu; MapDk; kjpngw;W>

kWkyu;r;rp Vw;gl;ljhy; [g;ghdpau;fshy; fw;gidf;flTl; nfhs;if if

tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ek; ehl;ltNuh ,d;Wk;> Mjpia mwpe;Jtpl;Nlhk;>

ma;aidj; njupe;Jnfhz;Nlhk; mUisg; ngw;Wtpl;Nlhk; vd ,d;wsTk;

kh[p flTl;nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdu; vd;gjid ,f;fijapy; Mrpupau;

vLj;Jiuf;fpwhu;.

xUtd; jhd; gpbgl;lhd; - 25-07-54 jpuhtpl ehL

Nfhit khtl;lk; ehfk;kehaf;fd; ghisaj;ijr; Nru;e;j gjpNdO

tajhd ehr;rpKj;J fhg;gpf;filapy; Ntiy nra;J tUfpwhd;. jhDk; jd;

jha; tPuk;khSk; grpgl;bdpapd;wp gpiog;G elj;jp tUk; #ospy; ehr;rpKj;J

ghu;j;Jte;j NtiyAk; jilglNt ehr;rpKj;J kw;Wk; mtdJ jha; vd>

,UtUk; grpahy; Jd;GWfpd;wdu;. grpAld; jtpf;Fk; jd; jhapd;; epiyiaf;

fhzr;rfpahj ehr;rpKj;J jhapd; rk;kjj;Jld; mtisf; nfhiy nra;fpwhd;.

37
ahu; kPJ Nfhgpj;Jf;nfhs;tJ? – 30-1-55 jpuhtpl ehL

nghd;D}u; fpuhkj;jpy; trpj;JtUk; Kj;jk;khtpd; kfd;

rptRg;gpukzpak; ntspehl;bw;Fr; nrd;W jfhjrfthrj;jhy; ,we;JtpLfpwhd;.

,t;tp\ak; njupahj Kj;jk;khs; rptRg;gpukzpadplkpUe;J fLjhrp gzk; VJk;

tuhj #ospy; kdtUj;jj;Jld; rupe;JNghd Rtu; gpa;e;JNghd $iu vd

tWikapy; Ml;gLfpwhs;. ,jidf;fz;l fpuhkj;jpy; itj;jparhiy

elj;jptUk; ghjpupag;gd; fpstpapd; Rw;wk;gw;wp tprhupf;ifapy; rd;dhrp vd;w

ngaupy; Xustpw;F trjpAld; kw;nwhU kfd; ,Ug;gJk; mtd; gpwe;j

jUzk; Vw;gl;l ,aw;ifr;rPw;wj;jhy;> mjidg; Nga; nra;fpw Ntiy vd

G+rhup $wf;Nfl;l Kj;jk;khs; mf;Foe;ijia jd; jq;ifaplk; tpl;ljhfTk;>

jhAk; NrAk; xd;whf tho;e;jhy; mts; thOk; fpuhkj;jpd; #oy;

ghjpf;fg;gLk; vd epidj;J Kj;jk;khs; rd;dhaplk; nry;y kWg;gjhfTk;

njupatUfpwJ. ,ijf;Nfl;l ghjpupag;gd; Kj;jk;khspd; %lj;jdj;ij

epidj;J rpiyNghyhdhd;.

r%fNrtfp rhUghyh – 18-9-55 jpuhtpl ehL

,d;fk;lhf;]; MgPru; Nfhjz;luhk Iaupd; kfs; rhUghyh> rKf

Nrit nra;J gpugykile;J tUtjpy; tpUg;gk; nfhz;L jdJ rq;fj;jpd;

rhu;ghf guhkupg;Gg; gzpfs; gy nra;J tUgts;. kUj;Jtu; ,uFuhkid

tpUk;gp tPl;lhupd; rk;kjj;Jld; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l rhUghyhtpd;

,y;yw tho;f;if ,dpNj eilngw;W te;j jUzj;jpy; V*upypUe;J kz;il

nehWq;fpa epiyapy; ehS taJ Foe;ijia mOJnfhz;Nl ,uFehjdpd;

tPl;bw;Fj; J}f;fp te;jhd; fpuhkj;jhd; xUtd;. mjidf;fz;L jpLf;fpl;l

kUj;Jtu; rpfpr;irf;Fj; Njitahd Vw;ghl;bidr; nra;J nfhz;Nl

tpgj;Jf;fhd fhuzj;ij fpuhkj;jhdplk; Nfl;fpwhu;. rk;gsk; thq;fhky;

r%fNrit nra;tjhff;$wp $l;lkhf te;j ,sk;ngz;fs; ey;yh ,Ue;j

Rtw;iwr; rhe;JG+rp nfhLj;jdu; vd;Wk; mr;rhe;J rupahfg; G+rg;glhky;

38
kiyapy; fiue;J J}q;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j Foe;ijapd; Nky; ,be;J tpOe;jJ

vd;Wk; fpuhkj;jhd; $wp Kbg;gjw;Fs; Foe;ijapd; capu; gpupe;jJ.

fdthd; - 14-1-56 jpuhtpl ehL

GJitapy; Kj;Jkhupak;kd; Cu;tyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp tpiy cau;e;j

ituf;fw;fisf; fs;sj;jdkhff; nfhz;L nry;y rpy gf;fhg;Ngu; topfshy;

jpl;lk; jPl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ vdj; jfty; mwpe;j Rq;f ,yhfh mjpfhupfspy;

xUtu; jpUlu;fisg; gpbg;gjw;fhf G+[hupNghd;W Ntlkpl;L Nehl;lkpLifapy;

fufhl;lk; MLgtd; jhd; fs;sd; vd;gJ njupatUfpwJ. mjpfhupaplkpUe;J

jg;gpf;f epidj;j fs;sd; jd; ifapy; ,Ue;j ituk; gjpf;fg;gl;l rpyk;ig

mUfpypUe;j G+rhupaplk; nfhLj;Jtpl;Lj; jg;gp XLifapy; NghyPrplk; gpbgl;Lr;

rpiwapy; milf;fg;gLfpwhd;. rpyk;gpw;Fs; ituf;fw;fs; ,Ug;gij mwpahj

G+rhup jdJ rpukj;jpw;fhfg; gioa rhkhd; filapy; tpw;Wtpl;lhd; vd;fpw

tptuk; rpiw nrd;W te;j fs;sdpw;Fj; njupa tuNt> mf;filf;Fr; nrd;W

rpyk;ig kPl;L> jpUl;L rhkhd;fis thq;fp tpw;Fk; Nrl; jpupGujhrplk;

tpw;fpwhd;. rpyk;gpy; ,Ue;j xup[pdy; ituf;fy;iy vLj;Jf;nfhz;l

jpupGujh];> ,kpl;Nlrd; fw;fis nfhz;Lte;J jd;id Vkhw;Wtjhff; $wp

fs;sid NghyPrplk; xg;gilf;fpwhd;.

Nkyjpfhup 14-1-56 jpuhtpl ehL

fy;Y}upapy; mwpKfkhdtu;fshd fr;rhgNfrDk;> Nfhjz;lghdpAk;

xNu Mgprpy; fpshu;f; Ntiyapy; gzpGupe;J tUfpd;wdu;. mf;fk;ngdpapy;

Kf;fpakhd nrf;\dpy; khNd[uhf ,Uf;Fk; khJ}u;G+jk; gpuhkzd; Mifahy;

mtuJ rpghuprpd; Ngupy; Mupadhd fr;rhgNfrd; fpshu;f; nrf;rdpy; ,Ue;J

n[duy; khNd[upd; fhupajuprpahf khw;wg;gLfpwhu;. ghu;g;gduy;yhj

fhuzj;jhy; fOijNky; nghjpRkj;Jtijg;Nghy midj;J NtiyfisAk;

Nfhjz;lghdpaplk; xg;gilf;fpwhu; khJ}u;G+jk;. mJkl;Lkpd;wp [hjp xopg;G

gw;wpa fl;Liu xd;iw ntspapl;l fr;rhgNfrd; mjw;fhd rd;khdk; ngw;W

39
mj;Jld; khJ}u;G+jj;jpd; ghuhl;ilAk; ngWfpwhd;. mNj jUzk; Mupa

Mjpf;fj;ij vjpu;j;J fl;Liu vOjpa Nfhjz;lghdp> Mgp]; rl;ljpl;lj;Jf;F

vjpuhf tFg;Gthj murpaypy; <Lgl;bUf;fpwhd; vd Fw;wk; rhl; lg;gl;L

NtiyapypUe;J ePf;fg;gLfpd;whd;.

nrq;fUk;G 5-2-56 jpuhtpl ehL

jpUkz taij mile;j jdJ kfs; nrq;fUk;ig ngz; Nfl;f

tUNthu; jdJ FLk;gj;ijg; gw;wp ey;y tpjkhf epidf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;fhf jhd; Nrkpj;J itj;jpUe;j 150 &ghAld; NkYk; 50 &ghia

tl;bf;fil mUzhr;;ryj;jplk; fldhfg;ngw;W ey;yz;zdplk; ,uz;L

fhisia thq;Ffpwhd;. tskhd rk;rhupahfj; njd;gLk; rpd;dg;gd; tPl;by;

jd; kfd; khlrhkpf;F ngz;nzLf;f tpUk;Gfpwhd; fUk;Gf;fhu fj;jup.

vdpDk; mj;jUzk; fUk;G tpiy tPo;r;rpaile;j fhuzj;jhy; jpUkzg;

Ngr;R js;spg;Nghapw;W. <r;rk;ghbiar; Nru;e;j rpq;fhuj;jpw;F nrq;fUk;G

NgrpKbf;fg;gl;lij mwpe;j fj;jup mtd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhs;fpd;whd;.

rpq;fhuj;jpw;Fk;> fj;jupf;Fk; ,ilNa vjpu;ghuhJ ele;j gpur;ridahy;

rpq;fhuk; rpiwapyilf;fg;gLfpwhd;. %z;whz;Lfs; fopj;J tpLjiy ngw;W

te;j rpq;fhuk; Nga;fhw;W mbj;J rpd;dg;gdpd; Cuhd Njhg;Gj;Jiu

ghohfptpl;lijf; Nfs;tpg;gl;L Njhg;Gj;Jiu Nehf;fp XLfpd;whd;. mq;F

rpd;dg;gd; kw;Wk; fj;jupapd; kfd; cl;gl gyu; ,we;J fple;jijf;fz;L

mjpu;r;rpailfpd;whd;. gpwF rw;Wj;njhiytpy; fj;jup kw;Wk; fj;jupahy;

fhg;ghw;wg;gl;l nrq;fUk;igf; fhz;fpd;whd; mj;jUzk; jhd; nra;j

tpidahy; jd; kfd; ,we;Jtpl;lhd; vd tUe;jp nrq;fUk;ig rpq;fhuj;jplk;

xg;gilf;fpd;whd; fj;jup.

xspA+upy; 12-2-56

Mupa khu;f;fj;ijr; Nru;e;j uq;fuh[gz;bjupd; kfd; uhkg;gpurhjd;

ghQ;rrd;a G+gjpapd; kfs; thrky;ypfhit tpUk;Gfpwhd;. ngw;Nwhu;fs;

40
rk;kjj;Jld; fhjy; if$Lk; epiyapy; fgpyt];JtpypUe;J fpsk;gpa

Gj;jkhu;f;fk; Mupa khu;f;fj;jpw;F ,ilA+whf tpsq;fpaJ. kfjehl;L kd;dd;

Kjw;nfhz;L gyu; Gj;jkhu;f;fj;ij Mjupj;J te;j epiyapy; mjd;

tsu;r;rpiaf; fz;L Mupau;fs; mQ;ryhapdu;. thrky;ypfhtpd; jfg;gDk;

Gj;jkjj;jpd; jj;Jtj;jpw;F Ml;gl;L jd;dhy; ,ad;w cjtpfisr; nra;J

te;Js;shu;. ,jid tpUk;ghj uhkgpurhjdpd; jfg;gdhu; mtuJ ez;gdhd

guhru];thkpfspd; cjtpAld; Gj;jkjj;ij mopg;gjw;fhd Ntiyapy;

<Lglyhapdhu;. ,jid mwpe;J nfhz;l uhkgpurhjd; ghQ;rrd;aG+gjpaplk;

njuptpf;fr; nry;Yk; topapy; guhru];thkpfshy; mDg;gg;gl;l gilfshy;

jhf;fg;gl;L ,we;J tpLfpwhd;. ,jdhy; ntFz;nlOe;j uq;fuh[ gz;bju;

guhru];thkpfisj; jhf;f Kw;gLifapy; kfd; ,we;Jtpl;ljhy; kdf;Fog;g

Kw;whd; vd;W> fl;bg;Nghl fl;lisapLfpwhu; guhru];thkpfs;.

fd;dp tpjitahd fij

nghOJ Nghf;fpw;fhfj; jd; ez;gu;fsplk; fl;ba ge;jaj;jpy;

ntw;wpailaNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf mjw;Nfw;whu;Nghy; jpl;lk; jPl;b>

Fj;jhyypq;fj;jpd; kfshd ,sk; taJ nry;ypia jfg;gd; taijnahl;b

,Uf;Fk; NrhkRe;juk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;fpwhd;. moF> Fzk;> taJ

vd vjpYNk nghUj;jkpy;yhj xUtDf;Fj; jdJ jq;if nry;ypia

jpUkzk; nra;J nfhLj;j Fj;jhyypq;fj;Jld; rz;ilapl;L vjpUk; GjpUkhf

,Ue;J tUfpwhd; nry;ypapd; mz;zd;. ,Ug;gpDk; jdJ jtw;iw

czu;e;j NrhkRe;juk; kdjpw;F Vw;w kzthsid kze;J nfhs;s

nry;ypf;F rk;kjkspf;fpwhd;. vdpDk; r%fk; ,ij Vw;fhJ vdf;$wp fd;dpg;

ngz;zhfNt fhyk; js;Sfpwhs; nry;yp. NrhkRe;juj;jpd; kdkhw;wj;ij

mwpahj Fj;jhyypq;fk; ngw;w kfDila md;ig ,oe;j Nfhgj;jpy; jhd;

kiwj;J itj;jpUe;j ifj;Jg;ghf;fpahy; NrhkRe;juj;ijr; RLfpwhd;> nry;yp

tpjitahfpwhs;.

41
ePjpgjp tf;fPyhdhu; - 14-1-61 jpuhtpl ehL

ePjpgjp ghjpupag;gdpd; jq;if Kj;jofp gOjile;j Nkhl;lhu;fisr;

rupnra;Ak; gzpapypUf;Fk; tPuad;Nky; fhjy; tag;gLfpwhs;. ,jd; tpisthf

Foe;ijAk; gpwf;fpwJ. ntspapy; njupe;jhy; nfsutf;FiwT vd epidj;j

Kj;jofpapd; je;ij ey;yg;gd; Fg;gj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Rg;gpaplk; Foe;ijiaf;

nfhLj;Jtpl;L tPua;ad; kPJ #jhl;lk; elj;jpatd; vd ngha;f;Fw;wk; rhl;br;

rpiwr; nry;yitf;fpwhd;. jz;lid Kbe;J jpUk;gp te;j tPua;ad;

Rg;gpaplkpUe;J jg;gpa jd; Foe;ij ehlff;FOtpy; Nru;e;J gpugykule;J

tUfpwhs; vd;fpw tptuj;ij Kj;jofpapd; %yk; njupe;J nfhs;fpwhd;.

,jw;fpilapy; Foe;ij tptfhuj;jhy; Fg;gj;J Rg;gp ey;yg;gdhy;

nfhy;yg;gLfpwhs;. vdpDk; tPua;ad; Nky; nfhiyf;Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;L kPz;Lk;

rpiwr;nry;fpwhd; tPua;ad;. mtd; Fw;wkw;wtd; vd ep&gpf;f Kj;jofp

,Ug;gpDk; ey;yg;gd; mtis miwapy; milj;JtplNt kdk;Fok;gp gpj;ju;

tpLjpapy; Nru;f;fg;gLfpwhs;;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp tPua;aupd; kfs; Nky; jpUl;Lf;

Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;l tof;F ghjpupag;gdplk; nry;y mtuJ jPu;g;gpd;gb

tPua;adpd; kfs; rpiwitf;fg;glNt> rpiwapypUe;J jpUk;gpa tPua;ad;

ntFz;nlOe;J ghjpupag;gdpd; tPL Nehf;fpr; nry;fpd;whd;> tPua;ad; %yk;

jdJ jfg;gdhu; nra;j jtw;iw czu;e;j ghjpupag;gd; tPua;aidj; jd;

jq;ifAld; Nru;j;J itj;J jd; kUkfisr; rpiwapypUe;J tpLtpf;fpwhu;.

neQ;rpy; neUg;G – 14-1-61 jpuhtplehL

ciog;gpw;Nfw;w gad; fpilf;fhj xUtd; jdJ tWikahy;

KjpNahd; xUtidj; jLj;J epWj;jp mtd; itj;jpUe;j nghUl;fis

ifg;gw;w epidj;J jhd; itj;jpUe;j $u;ths; nfhz;L jhf;fpajpy;

KjpNahd; ,we;JtpLfpwhd;. ,jdhy; mUfpypUe;Njhuhy; nfhiyf; Fw;wk;

rhl;lg;gl;L mtu;fsplkpUe;J jg;gpj;Jg; gpiof;f topapd;wpj; jpupe;jtd;

fLikahf cioj;J milf;fyk; ngWfpwhd;. vdpDk; mYj;Jg; gLj;jhNyh

42
mtd; vjpupy; nfhiyAz;l KjpNahd; epw;gijg;Nghy; czu;e;J

mtjpAWfpd;whd;. ,jdhy; vj;jUzKk; kdcior;rypy; fhzg;gl;l mtd;

gpj;jd; vd;W $wg;gl;L NtiyapypUe;J ePf;fg;glNt gpiog;gpw;F topapd;wp

ftiyAld; ele;J nry;Yk; topapy; fsT Fw;wnkd;W mwpahJ fjpu;fisf;

nfhj;jp cz;l kfpo;r;rpapy; CQ;ryhb kfpOk; Gs;spdj;ijf; fhz;fpd;whd;.

mj;jUzk; fstpy; <Lgl;l jd; epiy gw;wp epidj;J neQ;rpy; neUg;Gld;

nry;fpd;whd;.

ts;spapd; Njtp 19-02-61 jpuhtpl ehL

Nkl;Lf;Fb nka;Qhdk; gps;is tPl;by; Ntiynra;J tUk; Njdg;gd;

mtuJ tPl;by; tsUk; gRitAk; guhkupj;J tUk; gzpiar; nra;J

gRtsu;f;Fk; KiwapNy gf;Ftk; ngw;wpUe;jhd;. Mifahy; jdJ tPl;bYk;

gR tsu;f;f tpUk;gp tujg;gdplkpUe;J ,UE}W &ghia tl;bf;Ff; fldhfg;

ngw;W fd;Wld; Nru;e;j gRit thq;fp tsu;j;J tUfpwhu;. tPl;by; nfhLf;ff;

$ba jPtdk; gw;whj epiyapy; ntspapy; Nka;e;Jte;j gRthdJ

tprr;nrbia Nka;e;J Rjhupg;gw;Wf; fple;jJ. XupU ehl;fspy;

epyikNkh\khfNt Njdg;gdhy; Nfhtpe;j lhf;luplk; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLfpwJ.

vdpDk; gydpd;wp gR ,we;J tplNt fd;iw tpw;Wtpl Njdg;gd; tpisfpwhu;.

MapDk; fd;wpd; Nky; capuha; ,Uf;Fk; Njdg;gdpd; kfs; ts;spapd;

gpbthjj;jhy; tpw;fg;glhJ> mtsJ mutizg;gpy; tsu;e;J tUk; fd;wpd;

tsu;r;rpahdJ fhz;Nghiu <u;f;f> mjidf; fz;l Xu; ,isQd; ,aw;if

eaj;Jld; glnkLj;Jr; nry;fpd;whd;. ,j;jUzk; kpl;lhkhzpf;fj;jpd; ntwp

ehahy; fd;W fbf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jidf; fz;l ts;sp Mwhj;JaUw;why;

vdpDk; jf;f jUzj;jpy; kUj;Jtuplk; nfhz;L nry;yg;glNt fd;W

fhg;ghw;wg;gLfpwJ. ts;sp kfpo;r;rpapy; Ml;gl;bUe;jhs;;. mr;rkak;;

fld;ghf;fpahy; tl;bf;fil tujg;gd; fd;wpid ,Oj;Jr;nry;fpd;whd;.

Kd;nghUehs; glnkLj;Jr;nrd;w ,isQd; Xtpakhfj;jl

P ;b mjd; %yk;

43
ngw;w gupRj;njhifahy; tujg;gdplkpUe;J mf;fd;iw kPl;L Njdg;gdplk;

xg;gilf;fpd;whd;.

Vio 14-1-62 jpuhtpl ehL

khL Nka;f;ff; $lg; gad;gl khl;lhd; vd rpW tajpy; Mrpupauhy;

itag;gl;L te;j nry;yg;gd; nraw;if itu tpahghuk; elj;jpg; gzj;jpNy

GuStjhy; Cuhu; kj;jpapy; nfl;bf;fhud; vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;L tUfpwhd;.

nry;yg;gDld; gbj;Jte;j vy;yg;gd; Gj;jpf;$u;ik kpf;ftd;;@ MapDk;

Xuplj;jpYk; epiyahf gzpapy; ,Ug;gjpy;iy vd;gNj Cuhu; kj;jpapy;

ngauhapw;W. ,jidf; fhuzk; fhl;b jd;Dld; ituk; flj;Jk; Ntiyapy;

<LgLkhW vy;yg;gid nry;yg;gd; tw;GWj;j> ,jidj; jf;f rhjfkhfg;;

gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ,Jtiu ituk; flj;Jtjw;F nry;yg;gd; ifahz; l

midj;J cj;jpfisAk; mtd; %ykhfNt njupe;J nfhz;L mtidg;

NghyPrplk; ruz; milAk;gb nra;JtpLfpwhd;. mj;jUzk; jhd; vq;nfy;yhk;

jtW elf;fpwNjh mq;nfy;yhk; khw;wk;ngw;W Jg;gwpAk; gzpGupAk; Nkyjpfhup

vy;yg;gd; vd;gJ nry;yg;gDf;Fj; njupatUfpwJ.

cgfhup cyfehjd; 24-07-64 fhQ;rp ,jo;

rpd;df;Foe;ij vd;w ngaiuf;nfhz;l cgfhup cyfehjdpd; kfd;

gpwu; jd;id mg;ngau; nrhy;yp miog;gij tpUk;ghJ cgfhup cyfehjdpd;

kfd; vd;w ngaNu epiyf;f Ntz;b jd;dhyhd cgfhuq;fis kf;fs;

kj;jpapy; nra;a tpUk;gp mtu; <LgLk; fhupaq;fs; midj;Jk; mtu;

epidg;gjw;F Neu;khwhfNt eilngw;WtUfpwJ. ,t;thNu xUjUzk; md;G

ehlf kd;wj;jpw;F jiyik tfpj;j cgfhup cyfehjd; gps;is

fk;ngdpapd; juj;ij cau;j;jp;g;Ngrp NkNd[iu kfpor;nra;a Ntz;Lk;

vd;gjw;fhf me;ehlfj;jpy; Fwj;jp Nt\kpl;L ebj;j ngz;iz

cau;j;jpg;NgRfpwhu;. ,jid tpUk;ghj ehlff;FOtpdu; rpd;df;Foe;ijia

44
mg;ngz;Zld; ,izj;Jg;Ngrp mtis NtiyapypUe;J ePf;Ffpd;wdu;.

,ijf; Nfs;tpAw;w rpd;df;Foe;ij tUj;jkilfpwhu;.

tuT nryT 20-9-64 fhQ;rp ,jo;

[Tspf;fil> gyruf;Fkz;b> fhz;l;uhf;l;> fkp\d;> V[z;l; Nghd;w

gy;NtW tUtha;j; Jiwfisg; ngw;W> ngUk;Gs;spahf tpsq;Fk; rPkhd;

ee;jNfhghy; jdf;F tUk; tUkhdj;jpy; fhy;&gha; FiwthdhYk; fwhuha;g;

Ngrp xUgb Nky; ,yhgj;ij milgtu;. MapDk; mtu;NgRk; Ngr;Nrh> ngupa

ju;ghuha; thup toq;Fk; ts;sy; Nghy; ,Uf;Fk; vdpDk; mtuJ xt;nthU

Ngr;rpYk; tUkhd Nehf;Fkl;LNk njd;gLk;. tUkhd uPjpahf gpwuplk;

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jtWtjpy;iy ee;jNfhghy;.

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vopypd;gk; vd;Dk; ,jopy; „mtSf;fhf ehd;‟ vd;Dk; neLq;fijiag;

gilj;J tUgtu; fpl;L vd;w tPl;Lg;ngaUk; rpl;L vd;w Gidg;ngaUk;

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mDg;gpAs;shu;.

jhapd; clepiy rupapy;iy vd gpwe;j tPL nrd;W ,uz;L khjk;

fopj;j epiyapy; ,d;Dk; xU thuj;jpy; Gwg;gl;L tUtjhf jd; kidtp

rhujhtplkpUe;J te;j fbjj;jpw;F> midj;ijAk; ehd; ghu;j;Jf;

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vz;zw;w ,jaj;ijj; njhLk; tpjkhfTk;> FLk;gj;jiytd; vd;w epiyapy;

45
fpl;L mDg;gpa flikf;fbjk; rhujhtpw;F re;Njfj;ij Cl;Lk; tpjkhfTk;

mike;jpUe;jJ.

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NrhkRe;judpd; kfSf;F mbf;fb cly;epiy rupapy;yhJ Ngha;tplNt>

mtuJ kfd; ngupa mstpy; ngau;ngw;w lhf;lu; vdpDk; kfdpd;

itj;jpaj;jpy; jPu;T fhz KbahJ> gpw lhf;lu;fsplk;; ghu;j;Jk; gadpd;wp

khe;jpuPfj;jpNy fpahjp ngw;w jpup#yk; gps;isiaj;Njb JiwA+u; nry;fpwhu;

NrhkRe;juk;. NghFk; topapy; vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhfj; jpup#yj;jpd; kfid

re;jpf;ifapy;> jpup#yk; gps;is ,UjaNeha;f;F Ml;gl;bUg;gjhfTk; G+i[

Kbf;fapW> tpG+jp vd vtw;wpd; %yKk; jPu;Tfhz KbahJ NghfNt

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,ijf;Nfl;l NrhkRe;juk; kPz;Lk; jk; Cu; jpUk;Gfpwhu;.

cil Nghl;lJk; - 14-1-65 fhQ;rp ,jo;

nfhLj;j flid tw;GWj;jpj; jpUg;gpf;Nfl;lhy;> jpUg;gpj;ju KbahJ

vd;W thjhlTk; rl;lk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W tuTf;FNky; nryT nra;J

fld;gl;l tf;fPyhd tpRtehjd; jd; kidtp tre;jhtplk; tpthjpf;fpd;whu;.

mNj jUzk; jd; fl;rpf;fhudplk; gzk;ngw;w xUtd; jpUg;gpj;ju Kbahky;

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flidj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;Fk;gb cj;jutpLfpwhu; tf;fPy; cilNghl;l

tpRtehjd;. ,Nj Nghy; Nrl;il nra;j Foe;ijia mbj;Jf; fz;bj;j

NghyP]; nghd;Duq;fj;jpd; kidtpia> md;gha; Gj;jpkjp nrhy;ypj;

jpUj;jhky; Foe;ijia ,g;gb mbg;gJ jtwhd nray; vdr; rhLfpwhu;

nghd;Duq;fk; mNj jUzk; jtW nra;J NghyPrplk; mfg;gl;l Fw;wthspia>

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nghd;Duq;fj;Jld; gzpGupAk; NghyP]; mjpfhup $w> mbj;jhy; jhd;

46
cz;ik tUk;: Gj;jpkjp nrhd;dhy; ,Jfsplk; nry;yhJ vd;fpwhd; NghyP];

cilNghl;l nghd;Duq;fk;.

fhyp;oe;jhd; - 14-1-65 fhQ;rp ,jo;

Nghu;f;fs tPudhfg; gzpGupe;J te;j NrhK jq;fk; vd;Dk; kq;ifia

kzf;f tpUk;gp mtsJ ngw;Nwhu;fspd; rk;kjk; ngw;W jpUkzj;jpw;fhd

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Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gLfpwJ. mq;F vjpupfspd; jhf;Fjypy; mtdJ fhy;

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tpUk;gkhl;lhs; vdj; jpUkz Miriaf; iftpl;Lr; #jhLtJ> Rw;wpj;jpuptJ

vd jdJ nghOijf; fopf;fpwhd; NrhK. ,e;epiyapy; nyg;bndd;l;

fz;zg;ghTld; jq;fj;jpw;F jpUkzk; eilngWfpwJ vd;w nra;jpAk;> NrhK

Nghd;Nw Nghu;Kidapy; <Lgl;L fhy; ,oe;jtd; nyg;bndd;l; fz;zg;gh

vd;gJk; njupatUfpwJ. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp ehl;bd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf

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KOrk;kjj;Jld; tpUk;gp jq;fk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;fpwhs; vd;fpw

nra;jpAk; njupatuNt ngz;fspd; ngUikia czuhJ fz;zpUe;Jk;

FUldhfp tpl;lij epidj;J tUe;jp epd;whd; NrhK.

Rkhu; Rg;igah -14-1-65

Rkhu; Rg;igah Kj;Jr;rhkpaplk; Ntiyghu;j;J tUgtu;. xU jUzk;

gRkhL thq;fp tUkhW Rkhu; Rg;iga;ahit Kj;Jr;rhkp mDg;g> 1 gb

ghy; fwf;Fk; vd khl;Lj;jufd; nrhd;dij ek;gp thq;fp te;j khL 1gb

nfhLg;gNj mwpjhd epiyapy; Kj;Jr;rhkp Nfhgkilfpwhu;. Rkhu; xU

gbNaDk; fwf;Fk; vd;W $l $whky; mse;J ghu;j;jijg;Nghyj;

jpl;ltl;lkhf $WfpwhNa vd Rg;igahit tQ;rpf;fpwhu;. md;wpypUe;J

Rg;igah ahuplk; vd;d NgrpdhYk; Rkhu; vd;w thu;j;ijia Nru;j;J

NgRtNj tof;fkhapw;W. xU jUzk; ngz;tl

P ;lhu; Rg;igahtpd; kfidg;gw;wp

47
mtuplk; tprhupf;ifapy; Rkhuhf ,Ug;ghd; vd;W $w> tu ,Ue;j rk;ke;jk;

epd;W NghfpwJ. md;wpyp;Ue;J vijAk; Rkhu; vd;W $whky; jpl;ltl;lkhfj;

jPu;khdpj;J Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd epidj;J xt;nthU tp\aj;jpYk; kpf

Kd;Ndw;ghLld; elf;f tpUk;gpajd; tpisthf Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lj;jpy;

midj;J NtiyfSk; jhkjj;Jld; Vw;glNt gzpapypUe;J Rg;igah

ePf;fg;gLfpwhu;.

gpj;jis my;y> nghd;Nd jhd;! 14-1-65 fhQ;rp ,jo;

vk;ngUkhs; nrl;bahuplj;jpy; Ntiynra;J tUk; mg;ghrhkp jdJ

Kjy; kidtp ,we;J tpl;lJk; ts;spia ,uz;lhk; jhukhf

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miwf;Fs; xope;J nfhs;fpwhd;. mj;jUzk; mg;ghrhkp nkJthf miwf;Fs;

Eioe;J ngl;bapy; ,Ue;j jq;f tisay;fis vLj;J kbapy;

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je;ij gpbglf;$lhJ vd epidj;J mj;jpUl;ilj;jhd; nra;jjhf

xg;Gf;nfhz;L rpiw nry;fpwhd;.

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tPl;Lr;Rtw;wpd; kPJ Vwp tOf;fp tpOe;j jpUlidf; ifJ nra;a

Ntz;b ,d;];ngf;lu; nghd;Dj;Jiuahy; cj;juT gpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

48
Vzpapy; VWk;nghOJ tOf;fp tpOe;j fl;llNk];j;jpup> typT ,y;iy vdf;

$wg;gl;L NtiyapypUe;J ePf;fg;gLfpwhd;.

vz;nza; tpahghup Vfhk;gu ghujpapd;fplq;fpy; rpNyhd; ruf;F

gjpj;Jitj;jpUf;Fk; nra;jp mwpe;j NghyPrhu; fplq;ifr; Nrhjid ,Lifapy;

Rjhupj;Jf;nfhz;l gzpahs; fplq;fpypUe;j vz;nza; bd;fspNy Xl;ilia

Vw;gLj;jptpl;L ruf;F ,Uf;Fk; gf;fk; NghyPrhu; nry;yhjgb nra;J tpLfpwhu;.

,ij mwpahj Vfhk;gughujp vz;nzapy; tOf;fp tpOfpwhu;. NghyPrpd;

ftdj;ij jpir jpUg;Gtjw;fhd Ntiy vd;gJ gpwF jhd; mtUf;Fj;

njupatUfpwJ. gpugy FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;jtuhd Vfhk;guk; mDkhd; Nfhapy;

mgpNrf Ntiy njhlu;ghd Vw;ghLfisf; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;

fhy; tOf;fp fPNo tpOe;J tpl;lhu; vd;fpw nra;jp „ju;kjhjh‟ vd;w

gj;jpupf;ifapy; ntspahdJ.

nrhf;fp – 13-06-65 fhQ;rp ,jo;

Klf;Fthjj;jhy; Ml;nfhs;sg;gl;l gof;fil gukrptk; jd;Dila

tpahghuj;ijj; njhlu Kbahj epiyapy; jd; kfd; G+q;fhtdj;jplk;

xg;gilf;fpwhu;;. ehlfj;Jiwapd; tpUg;gk; nfhz;L mt;tha;g;G fpilf;fhj

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G+q;fhtdj;jpd; khkd;kfs; nrhf;fpia Ntspag;gDf;F kdKbj;J itf;f

nrhf;fpapd; jfg;gdhu; Kw;gLfpwhu;. vdpDk; G+q;fhtdj;jpd; Nky;

Mirnfhz;l nrhf;fp jdf;F gof;fg;gl;Nlhu; %yk; Ntspag;gDf;F rpdpkh

tha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fNt Ntspag;gd; gof;filia tpl;L tpl;L

rpdpkhj;Jiwapy; <LgLfpwhd;. rpdpkhtpy; ebg;gtd; vd;gjhy; nrhf;fpia

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jilglhjpUj;jy; vd ,uz;L MirfSk; epiwNtwpd.

49
vq;Fk; mtd; - 3-10-65 fhQ;rp ,jo;

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jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Kw;gLfpwhd; nrhf;fd;. ,lj;ij mlF itj;Jf;

fldhf ,Ug;gtd; vdf; fhuzk; fhl;b nrhu;zj;ijg; gl;lzj;jpypUf;Fk;

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epidj;J rpy ehl;fs; ftiyAld; Rw;wpj;jpUe;j nrhf;fd; Vyfpupapd; tPl;by;

Ntiyf;Fr;Nru;e;J Vyfpupapd; kfs; fdpnkhopapd; %ykhf ,uhZtg;

gilapy; Nru;e;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwhu;. mj;jUzk; vjpupapd;

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vd;w nra;jp ,jo;fspy; ntspahdijf; fz;l nrhu;zk; ehl;Lf;fhf

capiuNa je;j nrhf;fdpd; jpahfj;ij epidj;Jf; FKWfpwhs;.

Ngud; ngq;fSupy; 10-9-1939 FbauR

jpUkzk; eilngw;w rpy ehl;fspNy fztid ,oe;J tpjitahd

itjPf ,dj;ijr; rhu;e;j Vkyjh GNuhfpju; Gz;zpa NfhB];tu

fzghbfspd; kfs;. rpy fhyk; tpjitf; Nfhyj;ijf; fopj;Jf;nfhz;L te;j

Vkyjh Kjypahu; tFg;igr;rhu;e;j fdfRe;juj;jpd; kPJ fhjy; tag;gl;L

mtidNa jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;fpwhs;. jd; Fyju;kk; nfl;Ltpl;ljhf

epidj;J ftiyAw;w fdghbfs; ,tu;fsJ jpUkzj;ij Vw;fhjjhy;

,UtUk; ngq;fSu; nrd;W tho;e;J tUfpd;wdu;. MapDk; VkyjhtplkpUe;J

fdghbfSf;F mbf;fb fbjk; te;J nfhz;bUe;jJ> vdpDk; mjid

rl;ilnra;ahJ GNuhfpjk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j fdghbfs;> Ngud; gpwe;jhd;

vd;W fbjk; te;jijf; fz;L G+upg;gilfpwhu;.

rNuh[h Mwzh! – 25-04-1943

fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;J nrd;id nrd;wpUe;j jdj;jpd; fztd;> rNuh[h

Mwzh> gq;f[h gj;jzh vd;W kpy; E}y; tpiyfis eLj;njUtpy; epd;W

tpw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j jUFf;fhuidf; fz;L mjid E}y;tpiy vd;W

50
mwpahJ ngz;fis tpw;fpwhd; vd epidj;Jf;nfhz;L mtid Xq;fp

mbf;f> mt;tplj;jpy; Fk;gy; $btpLfpwJ. juFf;fhuid mbj;jjw;fhd

fhuzj;ij mf;$l;lj;jpduplk; fpuhkj;jhd; $Wifapy;jhd; mJ E}y; tpiy

vd;gJ mtDf;Fg; GupfpwJ. cw;gj;jpahFk; ruf;Ffs; cgNahfpg;Nghuplk;

NrUKd; FWf;Nf jLj;JtUk; juFj;njhopyhy; tpuy; tpl;L vz;zf;$ba

rpyUf;F ,yhgk; vdpDk; Viofspd; epiy jpz;lhl;lNk vd epidj;J

fpuhkk; te;jilfpwhu; jdj;jpd; fztd; mj;jUzk; jwpnea;Ak; Fg;Grhkp

FLk;g f];lj;jpd; fhuzkhf jdf;Fg; gpwe;j ngz;Foe;ijia

mfpyhz;lj;Jf;F MwzhTf;F tpw;Wtpl;lhu; vd;Wk; mf;Foe;ijf;F rNuh[h

vd;W mfpyhz;lj;jhy; ngau; itf;fg;gl;lijg; gw;wpAk; kidtp jdj;jpd;

%yk; mtsJ fztDf;Fj; njupatuNt nerthsu;fspd; tho;f;ifia

epidj;J fz;zPu; tpLfpwhd;.

gpuhu;j;jid – 14-03-43 jpuhtpl ehL

Viof;Fbapy; gpwe;j jhak;khisj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;tjhff; $wp

jdJ ,r;irf;F cld;gl itf;fpwhd; kpuhRjhu; tPl;L kfd; kiyag;g d;.

,jd; tpisthf jhak;khs; fUTWfpwhs;. ,r;nra;jpia mwpe;j kiyag;gd;

Ciutpl;L nfhilf;fhdy; nrd;WtplNt kiyag;gdpd; jfg;gdhuhd

kpuhRjhuupd; kpul;lYf;Fg; gae;J Ciu tpl;Lr;nrd;w jhak;khSf;F ru;f;fhu;

M];gj;jpupapy; ngz;Foe;ij gpwf;fpwJ. kiyag;gdhy; Vkhw;wg;gl;l

jhak;khs; gpiog;gpw;F topapd;wp tpgr;rhupahf;fg;gLfpwhs;. vdpDk; jd;

tho;f;ifNghy; my;yhky; jd; kfisNaDk; ey;y ,lj;jpy; jpUkzk; nra;a

khg;gps;is ghu;j;JtUk; jUzj;jpy; Vw;fdNt jpUkzkhd rpthee;jj;jhy;

md;dj;jpd; kfs; fw;gpdpahf;fg;gLfpwhs;. ,ij mwpe;j jhak; khs; xd;Wk;

nra;tjwpahJ fz;fspNy ePu; jJk;g epw;fpwhs;. vdpDk; md;dk; ey;ygbahf

Foe;ijiag; ngw;nwLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w mtsJ Ntz;Ljiyf; fhspapd;

Kd; itf;fpwhs;.

51
,tu;fs; Fw;wthspfsh? - 25-07-1943 jpuhtpl ehL

gjpNdO tajpNyNa tpjitf;Nfhyk; nfhz;l Nfhfpyj;ijj;

jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s tpUk;gp jd;Dld; mioj;Jr; nry;fpwhd; mKjd;.

,jdhy; Cuhu; myu;J}w;Wtij mwpe;j Nfhfpyj;jpd; je;ij Mj;jpukile;J

ifapy; nfhLthNshL mts; ,Uf;Fkplk; Njbr;nry;fpwhu;. tpjitf;Nfhyk;

G+z;L fz;zPUq; fk;giyAkha;f; fhzr;rfpahJ fhl;rp je;j Nfhfpyk;

NjrkpFe;j rpq;fhupahf kzkpf;fkyuhf mKjDld; ,ize;J

fhl;rpaspj;jijf; fz;l Nfhfpyj;jpd; je;ij kdpjg; gpwtpapd; gaid

mtu;fs; milfpwhu;fs; vd;Dk; jpUg;jpapy; nfhz;Lnrd;w nfhLthis

mq;Nf tpl;L tpl;L tPL Nehf;fp elf;fyhdhu;.

cz;zhtpujk; xU jz;lid – 24-10-1943 jphhtpl ehL

,e;jpa kj;jpa rl;lrigapy; Mz;fs; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk;

nrhj;Jupik Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lj;ij jLf;Fk; tpjkhf

cz;zhtpujk; ,Uf;fg;Nghtjhf vjpu;tl

P ;L Fg;Grh];j;jpup $wf;Nfl;l rhl;rhj;

rdhjdp jhDk; mjw;F cld;gl;L cz;zhtpujk; Nkw;nfhs;fpwhu;.

nrhj;Jupik toq;Fk; kNrhjh epiwNtw;wg;glNtz;Lnkd ngz;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Mya G+i[f;F rdhjdpd; kidtp rkju;kpdpAk; MjuT

eo;Ffpwhs; vd;gjid mwpe;j rdhjdDf;F jkju;kpdpNky; Nfhgk; vdpDk;

,jid ntspf;fhl;lhJ vjpu;tl

P ;L Fg;Grh];jpup tPl;bw;F nry;fpwhu;. mq;F

mtu; tapuhu cz;L Fwl;iltpl;L cwq;Ftijf; fz;L Nfhgj;NjhL

tPl;bw;F te;j rdhjdp> rkju;kpdpapd; fl;rpapy; Nru;tjhff;$wp

cz;zhtpujj;ijf; iftpl;L grpahw;w tpUk;Gifapy;> rkju;kpdp cz;l

czT Nghf kPjkpUe;j czT vjpu;tl

P ;bw;F nfhLf;fg;gl;L fOtg;gl;l

ghj;jpuk; gsgsj;jijf; fz;L Vkhw;wk; milfpd;whu; rdhjdp.

52
iff;F vl;baJ – 1943

ez;gd; Nfhghyd; fhl;ba Mirthu;j;ijahy; kidtp kufjj;jpd;

fOj;Jr;rq;fpypiaj; jpUbf;nfhz;L tpgr;rhup Ntjj;ij ehbr;nry;fpwhd;

guRuhk Kjypahupd; kfd; fe;jrhkp. jhd; nra;tNj ghtr;nray; eifiag;

gupj;Jf;nfhz;L gpwu; tapw;nwupr;riyr; Nru;f;ff;$lhJ vdf;$wp fe;jrhkpia

jpUg;gp mDg;Gfpwhs; Ntjk;. khdq;nfl;l gpiog;G elj;Jk; mg;ngz;zpw;F

vl;ba rpe;jid $lj; jdf;F vl;ltpy;iyNa vd epidj;J

Nfhapypf;Fr;nry;fpwhd; fe;jrhkp. mj;jUzk; Nfhapy; eiffisj;

jpUbf;nfhz;L vjpNu te;j fe;jrhkpapd; ifapy; ,Ue;j rq;fpypiaAk;

gwpj;Jf;nfhz;L XLfpwhd; jpUld; xUtd;. ,t;tof;F NghyPrhuplk; nry;y>

,j;jpUl;by; fe;jrhkpf;Fk; njhlu;G ,Ug;gjhff; $wg;gl;L MWkhjf;

fLq;fhty; jz;lid kw;Wk; Mapuk; &gha; mguhjKk; tpjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

rq;fpypiaj; jpUba gyuhkd; md;dj;jpd; ,y;yk; nrd;W mtSld;

Clyhbf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; md;dj;jhy; cgNjrk; nra;ag;gl;Lj; jpUg;gp

mDg;gg;gl;l fe;jrhkpapd; fijiaf; $Wfpwhs;. ,f;fijiaf;Nfl;l

gyuhkd; tpOe;J tpOe;J rpupf;fpwhd;@ Mdhy; mtSf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy.

[];b]; [hdfp – 17-09-1944

Nryj;jpy; eilngw;w [];b]; khfhz khehl;by; [];b]; fl;rpf;F

jpuhtplu; fyfk; vdg;ngaupl;lij mLj;J rz;Nl mg;ru;tupd; Nguhrpupau;

[];b]; fl;rpiaf; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;F KO%r;rhf nray;gl;L tUfpwhu; vd;w

nra;jpia mwpe;j mf;fl;rpapd; njhz;lu; [hdfpuhkd;> Nryk; khehl;il

td;ikahff; fz;bg;gjhfTk;> rz;Nl mg;ru;tupd; Nguhrpupaiug;

ghuhl;LtjhfTk;> Mrpupaupd; Kaw;rpf;F midtUk; MjuT mspf;fNtz;Lk;

vdTk; mwpf;if xd;iwj; jahupj;J mj;Jld; [t;thJ> mj;ju;> khiy

Mfpatw;iw thq;fpf;nfhz;L rz;Nl mg;ru;tNu MgPrpu;f;F nry;fpwhu;. MgPir

neUq;Fk; jUzj;jpy; mq;F cs;spUe;Njhu; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jjd; %yk;>

53
[];b]; fl;rpapd; jiytu;fs; kw;Wk; cWg;gpdu;fisj; juf;Fiwthfg;Ngrp

ngupahiu Mjupj;J jpuhtpl];jhdpy; Kjy; jiytu; ngupahu; vd;W

$wpatNu rz;Nl mg;ru;tNu gj;jpupf;ifapd; Mrpupau;jhd; vd;gJ

[hdfpuhkDf;F njupatuNt [];b]; fl;rpapd; Mjpf;fj;ij epiyehl;b

jdJ Gfio gug;gpf;nfhs;s epidj;j mtUf;F ngUj;j Vkhw;wkhapw;W.

thypg tpUe;J – 1939 FbauR

Kjy; jhuj;jpw;Ff; Foe;ij ,d;ikahy; kidtpiaj; jha; tPl;bw;F

mDg;gptpl;L ,uz;lhk; jhukhf Nkhfdh vDk; ,isahiyj; jpUkzk;

nra;J nfhs;fpwhu; re;jhd fpU\;z Iau;. ,tu;fsJ jpUkz tho;f;if

,uz;lhz;Lfs; ey;ygbahf Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jUzj;jpy; re;jhd

fpU\;z Iau; Neha;tha;g;gLfpwhu;. taJ %g;gpd; fhuzkhf ,e;Neha;

Vw;gl;Ls;sJ vdTk; MWkhjk; Xa;thf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vdTk; lhf;lu;

uFuhkd; $wf;Nfl;l re;jhd fpU\;z Iau;> moFk; ,sikAk; tha;e;j

Nkhfdh jd;id tpUk;ghJ Ngha;tpLthNsh vd;w ftiyf;F Ml;gLfpwhu;.

mJkl;Lkd;wp Nkhfdhtpd; thypg czu;r;rpfs; FiwAk;gb rpj;j itj;jpau;

%ykhf Ckj;ijf; fye;j R+uzj;ijr; re;jhd tpUj;jpf;fhd kUe;J vd;W

Nkhfdhtplk; ngha;$wp mtisr; rhg;gpl itf;fpwhu;. ehl;fs; nry;yr;nry;y

vYk;Gk; NjhYkhd Nkhfdhtpw;F lhf;lu; uFuhkd; %yk; re;jhd fpU\;z

Iaup;d; rjpr;nray; njupatUfpwJ. Mifahy; mtu;Nky; ntWg;Gw;w Nkhfdh

lhf;lu; uFuhkDld; neUf;fkhfpwhs;@ vdpDk; tNahjpfk; fhuzj;jhy;

re;jhd fpU\;z Iauhy; mtisj; jLf;f ,aytpy;iy.

54
rhd;nwz; tpsf;fk;

1. nghd;. nrsupuh[d;> ,e;jpa ,yf;fpr;rpw;gpfs; (K.tujuhrd;)> g.15

2. kiwkiyabfs;> mwpTiuf; nfhj;J> g.113.

3. Nt.Kj;Jyf;Fkp> gz;ghl;Lr;rpe;jidfs;> g.19.

4. Rg.fjpNurd;> fz;zjhrd; ghly;fspy; mUikahd rKjhar;

rpe;jidfs;> g.150.

5. NkyJ> g.145.

6. tprhyhl;rp> fz;zjhrd; ftpijfs;> g.41.

7. NguwpQu; mz;zh> nfhf;fuf;Nfh> Mde;jtpfld; (11.2.34) Kjy;

njhFg;G g-1

8. NguwpQu; mz;zh> mts; kpfg; ngupag; nghy;yhjts; (18.6.39) FbauR

- Kjy; njhFg;G – g-12

9. NguwpQu; mz;zh> rpq;fsr;rPkhl;b> FbauR (20.8.39) Kjy; njhFg;G –

g-23 (3.9.39) (10.9.39)

10. NguwpQu; mz;zh> ts;sp jpUkzk;> jpuhtplehL (28.3.43) Kjy;

njhFg;G – g.47

11. NguwpQu; mz;zh> nrhy;yhjJ> jpuhtplehL (22.10.43) Kjy;njhFg;G –

g-55

12. NguwpQu; mz;zh> fjputd; fz;zPu;. jpuhtplehL (9.11.44)

Kjy;njhFg;G – g-73

13. NguwpQu; mz;zh> fpU\;zyPyh> jpuhtpl ehL (12.11.44) Kjy; njhFg;G

– g-93

14. NguwpQu; mz;zh> 1938-1940 xU trPfu tuyhW (14.1.45) jpuhtplehL –

Kjy;njhFg;G – g.121

55
15. NguwpQu; mz;zh> rpf;fyhd gpur;rid. jpuhtplehL (21.1.45) jpuhtpl

ehL –Kjy;njhFg;G – g.143

16. NguwpQu; mz;zh. fhkf;Fuq;F - jpuhtplehL – (28.1.45) Kjy;

njhFg;G – g.156

17. NguwpQu; mz;zh> gpurq;fG+\zk;! jpuhtplehL – (4.2.45) Kjy;njhFg;G

. g.186

18. NguwpQu; mz;zh> kJiuf;F bf;fl; ,y;iy! – jpuhtplehL – (4.3.45)

Kjy;njhFg;G g-201

19. NguwpQu; mz;zh> jdghyr;nrl;bahu; fk;ngdp – jpuhtplehL (27.5.45)

Kjy;njhFg;G. g.212

20. NguwpQu; mz;zh> md;djhdk;> jpuhtplehL – (3.6.45) Kjy;njhFg;G.

g.225

21. NguwpQu; mz;zh> ,Uguk;giufs; - jpuhtplehL (6.1.46) Kjy;njhFg;G.

g.237

22. NguwpQu; mz;zh. Gypefk;> jpuhtplehL (20.1.46) Kjy;njhFg;G. g.225

23. NguwpQu; mz;;zh. RL%Q;rp – jpuhtplehL (3.2.46) Kjy;njhFg;G.

g.269

24. NguwpQu; mz;zh. NtiyNghr;R> jpuhtplehL (17.2.46) Kjy;njhFg;G –

g.281

25. NguwpQu; mz;zh> nrhy;tij vONjz;lh. jpuhtplehL (24.2.46) Kjy;

njhFg;G g.291

26. NguwpQu; mz;zh. NjbaJ tf;fPiy – jpuhtplehL (3.3.46) Kjy;

njhFg;G- g.300

27. NguwpQu; mz;zh. n[gkhiy – jpuhtplehL (12.5.46) Kjy;njhFg;G -

g.317

56
28. NguwpQu; mz;zh. G+gjpapd; xUehs; mYty; - jpuhtplehL (7.7.46)

Kjy;njhFg;G - g.323

29. NguwpQu; mz;zh> Kfk; ntSj;jJ – jpuhtplehL (8.9.46)

Kjy;njhFg;G - g.340

30. NguwpQu; mz;zh> ehNlhb – jpuhtplehL (17.11.46) Kjy;njhFg;G -

g.353

31. NguwpQu; mz;zh. mts; tpgr;rhupahdhs;! – jpuhtplehL (17.11.46)

Kjy;njhFg;G - g.360

32. NgwupQu; mz;zh – ifjpfs; - jpuhtpl nghq;fy;kyu; - (12.1.47)

Kjy;njhFg;G - g.369

33. NguwpQu; mz;zh - #jhb. jpuhtplehL – (12.1.47) Kjy;njhFg;G -

g.383

34. NguwpQu; mz;zh – jPl;Lj;Jzp – jpuhtplehL – (12.1.47)

Kjy;njhFg;G - g.394

35. NguwpQu; mz;zh – fypjPu;j;j ngUkhs;! jpuhtplehL (23.2.47)

Kjy;njhFg;G - g.406

36. NguwpQu; mz;zh – ehl;by;fhL! jpuhtplehL (2.3.47) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.5

37. NguwpQu; mz;zh – khbtPL> jpuhtplehL (16.3.47) ,uz;lhk; njhFg;G

– g.13

38. NguwpQu; mz;zh gpbrhk;gy;. jpuhtplehL – (18.5.47) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G - g.34

39. NguwpQu; mz;zh – Nga; Xbg;Nghr;R> jpuhtplehL (31.8.47) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G. g.86

57
40. NguwpQu; mz;zh. rhJ> jpuhtplehL (16.11.47) ,uz;lhk; njhFg;G –

g.103

41. NguwpQu; mz;zh – gyhgyd; - jpuhtplehL (25.1.48) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.112

42. NguwpQu; mz;zh. uh[ghu;l; uq;fJiu. jpuhtplehL (6.6.48) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G - g.120

43. NguwpQu; mz;zh. kuj;Jz;L> jpuhtplehL (13.6.48) ,uz;lhk; njhFg;G

- g.144

44. NguwpQu; mz;zh - ,Uk;ghuk;. jpuhtplehL (13.6.48) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.151

45. NguwpQu; mz;zh – flTs; jz;bg;ghu; - jpuhtplehL (26.12.48)

,uz;lhk; njhFg;G - g.174

46. NguwpQu; mz;zh- ts;sp ehafpapd; Nfhgk;. jpuhtplehL (14.1.49)

,uz;lhk; njhFg;G – g.182

47. NguwpQu; mz;zh- fdtpy; fPuju;. jpuhtplehL (20.3.49) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.187

48. NguwpQu; mz;zh – nrt;thio> jpuhtplehL (15.4.49) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g. 195

49. NguwpQu; mzzh – Gjpa ehadhu;> jpuhtplehL (4.6.50) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.206

50. NguwpQu; mz;zh – „gf;j‟ gf;fhj; jpUld;! jpuhtplehL (11.6.50)

,uz;lhk; njhFg;G – g.227

51. NguwpQu; mz;zh – gpukehafk;. jpuhtplehL (2.7.50) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.238

58
52. NguwpQu; mz;zh – fUg;gzrhkp Nahrpf;fpwhu;. jpuhtplehL (4.2.51)

,uz;lhk; njhFg;G – g.245

53. NguwpQu; mz;zh – kdpj ke;ij. jpuhtplehL (18.3.51) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G - g.259

54. NguwpQu; mz;zh. jpUkiy fz;l jpt;aN[hjp.

55. NguwpQu; mz;zh – jQ;ir tPo;r;rp (jpuhtplehL – 14.1.53) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.292

56. NguwpQu; mz;zh – nuhl;bj;Jz;L – jpuhtplehL (14.1.53) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.345

57. NguwpQu; mz;zh - ,Utu;> jpuhtplehL (5.7.53) ,uz;lhk; njhFg;G –

g.358

58. NguwpQu; mz;zh – gto g];gk;> jpuhtplehL (14.1.54) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.364

59. NguwpQu; mz;zh - %d;W fbjq;fs;. jpuhtplehL (14.1.54) ,uz;lhk;

njhFg;G – g.403

60. NguwpQu; mz;zh – vjdhy;?. jpuhtplehL (21.2.54) ,uz;lhk; njhFg;G

- g.411

61. NguwpQu; mz;zh – rkaGuj;jk;kd; khde\;l tof;F.

62. jpuhtplehL (16.5.54) g.419 (,uz;lhk; njhFg;G)

63. NguwpQu; mz;zh – xUtd; jhd; gpbgl;lhd;. jpuhtplehL (25.7.54)

,uz;lhk; njhFg;G – g.437

64. NguwpQu; mz;zh – mWtil – jpuhtplehL (14.1.55) %d;whk;

njhFg;G - g.5

59
65. NguwpQu; mz;zh – gy;ypspf;Fk; gug;gpuk;kq;fs; - jpuhtplehL

%d;whk; njhFg;G – g.18

66. NguwpQu; mz;zh – Fkhup #u;ah – jpuhtplehL (14.1.55) %d;whk;

njhFg;G - g.36

67. NguwpQu; mz;zh – “ahu; kPJ Nfhgpj;Jf;nfhs;tJ?” jpuhtplehL

(30.1.55) %d;whk; njhFg;G – g.50

68. NguwpQu; mz;zh – r%f Nrtfp rhUghyh – jpuhtplehL (18.9.65)

%d;whk; njhFg;G - g.70

69. NguwpQu; mz;zh – fdthd; - jpuhtplehL (14.1.56) %d;whk; njhFg;G

– g.87

70. NguwpQu; mz;zh – Nkyjpfhup – jpuhtplehL (14.1.56) %d;whk;

njhFg;G - g.105

71. NguwpQu; mz;zh – nrq;fUk;G – jpuhtplehL (5.2.56) %d;whk;

njhFg;G - g.137

72. NguwpQu; mz;zh – xspA+upy; - jpuhtplehL (12.2.56) %d;whk; njhFg;G

- g.159

73. NguwpQu; mz;zh – fd;dp tpjitahd fij – jpuhtplehL (14.1.61)

%d;whk; njhFg;G – g.191

74. NguwpQu; mz;zh – ePjpgjp tf;fPyhdhu; - jpuhtplehL (14.1.61)

%d;whk; njhFg;G - g.215

75. NguwpQu; mz;zh> neQ;rpy; neUg;G – jpuhtplehL (14.1.61) %d;whk;

njhFg;G. g.250

76. NguwpQu; mz;zh> ts;spapd; Njtp – jpuhtplehL (19.2.61) %d;whk;

njhFg;G. g.261

60
77. NguwpQu; mz;zh> Vio> jpuhtplehL (14.1.62) %d;whk; njhFg;G. g.276

78. NguwpQu; mz;zh – cgfhup cyfehjd;! – fhQ;rp ,jo; (24.7.64)

%d;whk; njhFg;G. g.297

79. NguwpQu; mz;zh – tuT-nryT> fhQ;rp ,jo; (20.9.64) %d;whk;

njhFg;G. g.311

80. NguwpQu; mz;zh – mtu; vOjpa ,U fbjq;fs; - fhQ;rp ,jo;

(14.1.65) %d;whk; njhFg;G – g.321

81. NguwpQu; mz;zh> tpOg;Guk; re;jpg;G> fhQ;rp ,jo; (14.1.65) %d;whk;

njhFg;G – g.327

82. NguwpQu; mz;zh> cil Nghl;lJk;> fhQ;rp ,jo; (14.1.65) %d;whk;

njhFg;G. g.334

83. NguwpQu; mz;zh> fhypoe;jhd; fhQ;rp ,jo; (14.1.65) %d;whk;

njhFg;G. g.344

84. NguwpQu; mz;zh – Rkhu; Rg;igah> fhQ;rp ,jo; (14.1.65) %d;whk;

njhFg;G – g.372

85. NguwpQu; mz;zh – gpj;jis my;y> nghd;Nd jhd;!> fhQ;rp

nghq;fy;kyu; (14.1.65) %d;whk; njhFg;G. g.385

86. NguwpQu; mz;zh – tOf;fp tpOe;jtu;fs;> fhQ;rp nghq;fy;kyu;

(14.1.65) %d;whk; njhFg;G. g.400

87. NguwpQu; mz;zh. nrhf;fp – fhQ;rp ,jo; (13.6.65) %d;whk; njhFg;G.

g.410

88. NguwpQu; mz;zh> vq;Fk; mtd; - fhQ;rp ,jo; (3.10.65) %d;whk;

njhFg;G – g.428

89. NguwpQu; mz;zh. Ngud; ngq;fSupy; - FbauR (10.9.1939)

61
90. NguwpQu; mz;zh – rNuh[h Mwzh! FbauR (25.04.1943) ehd;fhk;

njhFg;G.

91. NguwpQu; mz;zh. gpuhu;j;jid – jpuhtplehL (14.03.43) ehd;fhk;

njhFg;G.

92. NguwpQu; mz;zh. ,tu;fs; Fw;wthspfsh? jpuhtplehL (25-07-1943)

ehd;fhk; njhFg;G.

93. NguwpQu; mz;zh. cz;zhtpujk; xU jz;lid – jpuhtplehL 24-10-

1943 ehd;fhk; njhFg;G.

94. NguwpQu; mz;zh. iff;F vl;baJ – jpuhtplehL (1943) ehd;fhk;

njhFg;G.

95. NguwpQu; mz;zh. [];b]; [hdfp – jpuhtplehL (17-09-1944) ehd;fhk;

njhFg;G.

96. NguwpQu; mz;zh – thypgtpUe;J – FbauR (1939) ehd;fhk; njhFg;G.

62