Turning ability is the measure of the ability to turn the ship using hard-over rudder.

The result being a minimum "advance at 90 change of heading" and "tactical diameter" defined by the "transfer at 180 change of heading". Analysis of the final turning diameter is of additional interest.

Turning tests
A turning circle manoeuvre is to be performed to both starboard and port ith !" rudder angle or the ma#imum design rudder angle permissible at the test speed. The rudder angle is e#ecuted follo ing a steady approach ith $ero ya rate. The essential information to be obtained from this manoeuvre is tactical diameter% advance% and transfer. Tactical diameter is the distance travelled by the midship point of a ship from the position at hich the rudder order is given to the position at hich the heading has changed 180 from the original course. &t is measured in a direction perpendicular to the original heading of the ship. Advance is the distance travelled in the direction of the original course by the midship point of a ship from the position at hich the rudder order is given to the position at hich the heading has changed 90 from the original course. Turning circle manoeuvre Trials shall be made to port and to starboard using ma#imum rudder angle ithout changing engine control setting from the initial speed. The follo ing general procedure is recommended' 1. The ship is brought to a steady course and speed according to the specific approach condition. 2. The recording of data starts.

3. The manoeuvre is started by ordering the rudder to the maximum rudder angle. Rudder and engine controls are kept constant during the turn. 4. The turn continues until 36 ! change of heading has been completed. "t is# ho$ever# recommended that in order to fully assess environmental effects a %2 ! turn be completed. &. Recording of data is stopped and the manoeuvre is terminated.

The advance should not exceed 4.& ship lengths '() and the tactical diameter should not exceed & ship lengths in the turning circle manoeuvre.