Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.

LI NI DAU
Cung voi su phat trin nhanh chong cua may tinh, CAD (Computer Aided Design)
ngay cang hoan thin va duoc ung dung trong hu ht cac linh vuc cua khoa hoc k thut.
Di voi chuyn nganh Din tu, nhiu phn mm CAD cho phep v mach, m phong mach
din va chuyn sang mach in mt cach nhanh chong va hiu qua nhu: OrCAD/PSPICE,
EAGLE, Mutisim Workbench, MicroSim, Altium Designer, .
Altium Designer, phin ban truoc kia co tn goi quen thuc la Protel DXP, la mt
trong nhung cng cu v mach Din tu manh nht hin nay. Duoc phat trin boi hng
Altium Limited, Altium Designer (Altium) mang lai cho nguoi dung mt mi truong lam
vic ht suc chuyn nghip. Nhung do cng chinh la mt tro ngai lon cho nhung nguoi
moi lam quen voi phn mm nay.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 2
Chuong 1:
V SO DO NGUYN L
Truoc ht chung ta cung lam quen voi mi truong lam vic cua Altium Designer.
Cho dn thoi dim cun Ebook dang vit thi Altium Dsigner d ra dn phin ban 6.8.
Nhung cun Ebook duoc thuc hin trn ban 6.7.
Ban ve dau tin la mach on dinh toc do dong co, co so d nhu sau:
Khoi dng chuong trinh tu shortcut trn destop man hinh nn hoc tu Menu Start
>> All programs >>Altium Designer 6 >> Altium Designer 6. Khi do cua s lam vic
cua Altium Designer co dang nhu sau:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 3
D tao so d nguyn ly truoc ht ta cn tao 1 project (Du an) moi:
T menu File >> New >> Project >> PCB Project
Hoc bng cac phim tt: F, N, 1, B. Vic su dung phim tt s giup ban thit k nhanh
hon. Cac phim tt cua menu tuong ung duoc gach chn duoi menu hoc lnh tuong ung:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 4
Ody ta chon PCB Project: Du an mach in d phuc vu cho vic chuyn tu so d
nguyn ly sang mach in o cac chuong sau nay,
PCB (Printed Circuit Board): mach in. By gio
trn cua s Projects cua Ban lam vic bn phia
trai s xut hin tn 1 project moi co tn mc
dinh la: PCB_Project1.PrjPCB
va phia bn duoi xut hin thng bao No
Documents Added: Do chua co tai liu, ban v
nao trong du an.
Ta co th luu lai Project nay voi tn moi: bm phai
chut vao PCB_Project1.PrjPCB mt menu moi xut
hin, chon Save project tai cua s hin ra chon noi luu
giu project va dt tn moi cho project tai muc Eile
name la: Baitap1.PrjPCB.
Ta s thy cua s project s co tn moi
la: Baitap1.PrjPCB. By gio ta thm
ban v so d nguyn ly mach din vao
project: bm phai chut vao
Baitap1.PrjPCB tai menu xut hin
chon: Add New to Project, tai menu con
hin ra chon tip Schematic (So d
nguyn ly). Con nu ban v d co tu
truoc ta co th chon Add Existing to
Project (tt nhin chung ta chua co ban
v nao d su dung lua chon nay).
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 5
Trn cua s Project bn duoi Baitap1.PrjPCB xut hin d bao cho ta bit tai liu ngun
moi co tn mc dinh la: Sheet1.SchDoc, dng thoi co 2 biu tuong xut hin cung
Baitap1.PrjPCB va Sheet1.SchDoc do la biu tuong 2 to giy: to giy do bao rng d co
su thay di trong project vua tao (ta vua thm vao so d nguyn ly) nhung chua luu lai su
thay di nay vao project. To giy trng bao rng tai liu Schematic chua co su thay di gi
(do ta chua v gi). Ta luu lai ban v nay voi tn moi bng cach bm phai vao
Sheet1.SchDoc tai menu hin ra chon Save, chon noi luu ban v va dt tn moi cho ban v
tai muc Eile name, o dy ti dt la: Nguyenly1.SchDoc. Tn moi nay tuong tu cng duoc
th hin lai o cua s quan ly project. Mi truong lam vic cua Altium tu dng chuyn sang
mi truong v mach nguyn ly.
Phn tich mach nguyn ly du bai cho ta thy: Mach gm 5 din tro, 1bin tro, 2 t
din, 1 cun dy, 3 diode, 1 triac, 2 transistor npn, 1 cng tc chuyn mch 3 chu,
chn ngun ni mass. Ta tin hanh ly cac linh kin nay tu thu vin cua Altium. Dy la
mi truong v mach nguyn ly:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 6
D tin hanh ly linh kin ta di chuyn chut dn menu Libraries o
goc phai, nu khng thy menu nay thi vao menu: Designe> Browse
Library (An phim tt: D, B), sau do keo tha cua s nay vao goc phai cua
chuong trinh (n va giu chut trai, ri tha vao goc phai), hoc n vao nut
, khung Libraries s o ch d tu dng Nn, menu Libraries xut hin bn
goc phai d cho ta d thao tac. Cua s Libraries xut hin.
Theo mc dinh thu vin
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib tu dng
xut hin. Thu vin nay chua hu ht cac
linh kin don gian nhu: din tro, tu din,
transistor, ..
lav din tro. ta g Res1 vao
khung tn linh kin. Hinh dang trong so d
nguyn ly va chn cm (Iootprint) s xut
hin bn duoi.
Nhp Place Res1 d ly din tro.
Luc nay
bn canh con tro chut co soi toc hinh chu
thp (crosshair) dng thoi linh kin Res1
di chuyn theo con tro nay. Nhung hy
khoan n chut trai 1 ln nua d dt res1
vao mach nguyn ly: bm phim Tab d
xut hin hp thoai Component
Properties chua cac thng s va tuy chon
v linh kin.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 7
Tai muc Properties, khung Designator thay R? bng tn linh kin nay la R1 d ky
hiu. Tu nay v sau mi khi ly Res1 ki hiu cua linh kin do s tu dng tng ln 1: R2,
R3, .. Tai khung Comment miu ta linh kin ta co th cho Nn di bng cach bo chon muc
Visible. Gia tri cua din tro nay bng 39K, Nhung theo mc dinh gia tri nay la1K, do do ta
phai nhp lai gia tri nay tai muc Parameter for R?-Res1, khung Value thay 1Kbng gia tri
tuong nag la 39K. Va cn dam bao du tich o muc nay co xut hin. (d cho gia tri nay th
hin trn ban v). Sau khi nhp xong nhn OK. Luc nay trn con tro chut R? d duoc thay
bng R1, nhung nhu ta thy thi hinh dang nay rt be, d phong to hinh v bm phim Page
Up trn ban phim 1 hoc nhiu ln dn khi nao thy hinh v phu hop thi thi. D thu nho
ban v ta co th bm phimPage Down trn ban phim. Chon vi tri phu hop trn ban v, nu
mun quay linh kin co th bm phimX, hoc Y, ri bm chut trai d dt linh kin din
tro nay ln ban v. Nhu vy la R1 d duoc dt trn ban v. Sau khi dt xong ta thy trn
con tro chut vn xut hin linh kin din tro R2 (d duoc tu dng tng ln), do vn o
trong ch d dt Res1. Ta co th ly lun 4 din tro con lai bng cach chon nhung vi tri
trn ban v ri dt lin tip 4 din tro nay. D kt thuc ly Res1 ta bm phim ESC. Co 1
dim can luu v la: cac gia tri din tro trong ban v la khac nhau do do ta phai dt lai cac gia
tri nay bng cach truoc khi dt R2, R3, R4, R5 ta bm phimTab d dt lai cac gia tri nay
(hoc co th khng cn thay di ngay, ta s dt lai cac thng s nay sau).
Tuong tu, d lav 2 tu din. vao menu Libraries vn tai thu vin Miscellaneous
Devices.IntLib ta g Cap va bm chut vao Place Cap, va truoc khi dt tu din nay vao
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 8
ban v ta cng bm phimTab d hin hp thoai Component properties: tai khung
Designator thay C? bng C1, bo chon muc Visible o khung Comment. Theo mc dinh gia
tri tu nay la 100pE, ta co th chinh lai gia tri nay (hoc bo qua d sau nay chinh lai) thay
100pE bng 0.1uE o Khung Value cua muc Parameters for C?-Cap (chu u thay cho ki tu
micro). Nhn OK va chon 2 vi tri khac nhau trn man hinh lam vic d dt 2 tu nay.
Tip theo, lav Diode. tai menu Libraries,
vn tai thu vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib ta
g Diode vao khung tn linh kin. Theo mc dinh
mt cu diode s xut hin du tin. Ta keo xung
va chon dung Diode nhu hinh v bn.
Nhn Place Diode d tro v man hinh lam vic. An phimTab va dt lai tn cho
diode nay la D1 thay vi D? tai hp thoai An phimTab d hin hp thoai Component
Properties nhu phn trn d huong dn. Nhp OK va dt 3 diode ln ban v. Nhn ESC d
kt thuc ly diode.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 9
Tin hanh lav bin tro, cng tai thu vin
trn, g Rpot vao khung tn linh kin. Nhn
Place RPot quay v man hinh lam vic.
An phimTab d hin hp thoai Component Properties:
Thay R? bng R6, bo chon muc Visible o khung Comment, nhp lai gia tri 100K o
khung Value cua muc Parameters for R?-Rpot, sau do n OK d v man hinh lam vic,
chon vi tri thich hop va dt bin tro vao. Nhn ESC d kt thuc ly bin tro.
Tip theo, d ly Triac, vn tai thu vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib ta g Triac
vao khung tn linh kin:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 10
Chon dung Triac nhu hinh v trn. Ri n Place Triac d quay v man hinh lam vic. An
phimTab d hin hp thoai Component Properties:
Thay Q? bng Q1 tai khung Designator. Ri nhn OK va chon vi tri trn man hinh d dt
Q1. An ESC d kt thuc ly Triac.
lav Transistor NPN, vn tai thu vin trn ta g 2N3904 vao khung tn linh kin
ri nhn vao Place 2N3904:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 11
Truoc khi dt vao ban v n phimTab d hin hp thoai Component Properties,
thay Q? bng Q2 o khung Designator, sau do nhn OK quay v man hinh lam vic va dt
2 transistor vao ban v. An ESC d thoat ch d ly
transistor.
D ly cun dy, vn tai thu vin trn, g Inductor
Iron vao khung tn linh kin tai menu Libraries. An
Place Inductor Iron d dt cun dy vao ban v. Truoc
khi dt n Tab va thay ki hiu L? bng L1 tai khung
Designator cua hp thoai Component Properties. Nhn
OK va Dt cun dy tai vi tri thich hop trn ban v. Nhn
ESC d thoat ch d ly cun dy.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 12
Nhu vy la chi con 2 chan cm cho linh kin
nguon 220J va dong co. Chn cm nay khng
nm trong thu vin Miscellaneous
Devices.IntLib ma nm trong thu vin
Miscellaneous Conectors.IntLib do do ta cn
thm thu vin nay vao bng cach tu menu Libraries nhp vao nut Libraries., cua s
Avaiable Libraries xut hin trong do bao cho ta bit cac thu vin d co la:
Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, nhn vao nut
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 13
Install. d thm thu vin. Cua s Open hin ra, keo chut xung cui va chon thu vin
Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib:
(Cac thu vin nay thuong nm trong duong dn: C:\ProgramFiles\Altium Designer
6\Library). Sau do nhn Open d thm thu vin nay.
Tip do nhn Close d dong cua s.
Tro v menu Libraries, luc nay thu vin hin
tai la Miscellaneous Connectors.IntLib, g Header
2 vao khung tn linh kin. An Place Header 2 d dt
chn cm nay vao ban v.
An Tab d hin hp thoai Component Properties: thay P? o khung Designator bng P1,
thay Header 2 o khung Comment bng 220V va dam bao du tich o 2 muc nay la co.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 14
Nhn OK va dt chn cm cho ngun vao vi tri thich hop. Nhu vy ta con chn cm dng
co, truoc khi dt chn cm nay n Tab d hin hp thoai Component Properties, tuong tu
thay 220V o muc Designator bng Dng Co.
An OK va dt chn cm vao vi tri thich hop trn ban v. An ESC d kt thuc ly chn cm.
lav cong tc 3 chau: tai menu
Libraries ta nhp vao mi tn o khung thu
vin, cac thu vin cua ban v ta d cai dt vao
s hin ra, keo chut ln va chon lai thu vin
la Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, tai khung
tn linh kin g SW-SPDT, Nhp Place SW-
SPDT, truoc khi dt linh kin vao ban v ta
cng nhn phim Tab d dt lai tn cho cng
tc 3 chu nay bng cach thay S? bng S1 o
muc Designator cua hp thoai Component
Properties.
Nhu vy la ta d kt thuc vic ly linh kin. Trn man hinh lam vic luc nay cac linh
kin sp xp nhu sau:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 15
By gio ta tin hanh sp xp lai va ni dy cho mach
din. D di chuyn linh kin nao ta nao ta nhp chut vao linh
kin do, luc nay bao quanh linh kin la vung mau xanh,
nhn va giu chut trai di chuyn dn vi tri thich hop ri tha
chut. D xoay linh kin nhp phimSpace Bar (du cach),
linh kin s xoay theo chiu kim dng h mt goc 90 d. Cu
nhu vy sp xp nhu so d nguyn ly sao cho hop ly nht. Nhp nut Save trn thanh cng
cu d luu ban v (Khuyn cao: sau mi buoc quan trong nn luu ngay ban v, phong
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 16
truong hop hay mt din nhu hin nay). Duoi dy hinh v sp xp linh kin:
By gio ta ni dy cac linh kin voi nhau. Nhp
chut vao biu tuong Place Wire trn thanh cng cu:
Hoc tu menu Place >> Wire (phim tt P,W), luc nay
ta dang o ch d ni dy, con tro chut by gio hinh chu thp va co 2 'soi toc chu x, nu
di chuyn dn chn linh kin chu x s co mau do. D ni 2 chn linh kin voi nhau, nhp
chut vao chn thu nht, di chuyn dn chn thu hai va nhp chut ln nua.
D ly mass ta nhp vao biu tuong GND Power
Port trn thanh cng cu, hoc tu menu Place >> Power
Port (phim tt P, O).
Sau do ni mass voi cac linh kin. Nu trong qua
trinh ni dy co ni sai dy, nhp truc tip vao doan dy do va nhn phimDelete trn ban
phim. D xoa bo thao tac truoc, nhn Undo trn thanh cng cu, Redo tac dung nguoc
lai. D di chuyn nguyn linh kin, nhp chut linh kin do va keo dn vi tri moi. D di
chuyn ca linh kin ca dy ni, hoc cac thanh phn ni lin quan dn no, nhn giu chut
va nhn giu dng thoi phimCtrl trn ban phim, keo dn vi tri moi, ri tha chut.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 17
Mach sau khi ni dy hoan chinh:
Ta thy rng cac gia tri din tro cua R2, R3, R4, R5 khng dung nhu mach d cho,
tuy ta khng m phong mach nn cac gia tri nay khng quan trong nhung ta co th chinh
lai chung bng cach: nhp dup chut vao cac gia tri do, hp thoai Parameter Properties
xut hin, ta thay gia tri mc dinh bng gia tri thich hop trong khung Value.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 18
Nhn Save trn thanh cng cu d luu ban v. Ban v hoan chinh nhu sau:
Nhu vy la kt thuc vic v so d nguyn ly. Chuyn sang chuong sau d chuyn tu
so d nguyn ly nay sang mach in.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 19
Chuong 2:
THIET KE MACH IN
By gio ta chuyn sang giai doan thit k mach in cua Mach diu chinh toc do dong
co ma ta d v o chuong truoc.
Quay lai ban v nguyn ly Nguyenly1.SchDoc d xem lai cac chn cm mc dinh
cho cac linh kin, co th thy rng Altium Designer cung cp kha nng linh hoat chuyn
qua lai giua cac ban v, cac loai tai liu khac nhau trong mt chuong trinh duy nht. Tai
ban v nguyn ly, d xem chn cm cua linh kin nao, ta nhp dup vao linh kin do, hp
thoai Components Properties s xut hin, chng han nhu d xem chi tit v linh kin
transistor Q2, nhp dup linh kin nay, khi do hp thoai Components Properties:
Tai khung Models for Q2 - 2N3904, ta thy kiu chn cm mc dinh cua linh kin nay la
TO-92, ta cn chon lai chn cm nay la TO-220AB, bng cach, kich dup vao Footprint,
cua s PCB Model xut hin, tai khung PCB Library, bo chon muc Use footprint from
component Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib,
va chon muc Any. Sau do, tai khung Footprint model, tai muc Name, co th g truc tip
TO-220AB thay cho TO-92, hoc nhn nut Browse. d chon chn cm tu danh sach cac
chn cm tai thu vin Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 20
Gia su nhp Browse., khi do cua s Browse Libraries xut hin, voi thu vin hin tai vn
la Miscellaneous Devices.IntLib, ta keo xung va chon TO-220AB, sau do nhp OK:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 21
Sau do nhp OK 2 ln d tro v ban v. D thay di chn cho transistor Q3, ta tin hanh
tuong tu. Nhp dup chut vao tu C1 d hin hp thoai Component Properties, tai khung
Models for C1-Cap, muc RAD-0.3, keo mi tn bn canh xung va chon lai chn cho tu
C1 la VP32-3.2, sau do nhp OK:
Tuong tu thay di chn cho C2. Thay di chn cho D1, D2, D3 lai la AXIAL-0.3. Con cac
chn cua linh kin khac cu d nhu mc dinh: chn cm cho P1 va P2 la HDR1X2, cho L1
la AXIAL-0.9, cho din tro la AXIAL-0.3, cho bin tro la VR5, cho Triac Q1 la 369-03,
cho cng tc S1 la TL36WW15050.
Ta cn kim tra li cua ban v. Vn tu mi truong v mach nguyn ly, mo Project
Baitap1.PrjPCB, mo tai liu Nguyenly1.SchDoc ma ta d v o chuong truoc. Tai cua s
Project, bm phai vao Baitap1.PrjPCB, tai menu hin ra bm chon Compile PCB Project
Baitap1.PrjPCB, (hoc tu menu Project >> Compile PCB Project Baitap1.PrjPCB):
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 22
Xem li cua ban v bng cach: tu menu System o cui goc phai ban v, chon Messages.
Ta thy rng ban v khng co li nn hp thoai bao
li khng co gi nn ta co th chuyn sang mach in
duoc.
D chuyn sang mach in, tu cua s quan ly Workspace Panel bn trai, nhp vao
Tab Files, nhp chon PCB Board Wizard tai menu New fromtemplate:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 23
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 24
Cua s hin ra bmNext.
Cua s tip theo, ta chon don vi do d dai cho bo mach. Co 2 lua chon la: Imperial
va Metric: trong do ta cn chu y, nu chon Imperial thi don vi do la mil, 1000mil 2.57cm
, dy la don vi hay dung trong thit k mach (cac khoang cach chn cua linh kin thuong la
bi uoc cua 100mil). Con nu chon Metric thi don vi dung la milimet. O dy chon theo
Imperial. Sau do nhn Next:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 25
Cua s tip theo ta chon 1 bo mach mu co sn, cu d nhu mc dinh ri bmNext:
Cua s tip theo cung cp thng tin cu th v bo mach: chon Outline shape la
Rectangular (bo hinh chu nht), Board Size ln luot nhp lai la 3000 mil va 3000 mil (d
dai rng cua bo mach). Sau do nhn Next.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 26
Cua s tip theo chon mach in my mt, mc dinh d 2 mt, ri nhn Next:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 27
Cua s tip theo chon kiu chn, ta cng d nhu mc dinh ri nhn Next:
Cua s tip d nhu mc dinh ri nhn Next:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 28
Cua s tip theo, ta co th chon:
1. Minimum Track Size: D rng nho nht cua duong mach in.
2. Minimum Via Size: Duong kinh nho nht cua l cm ngoai linh kin.
3. Minimum Via Holesize: Duong kinh nho nht l cm trong linh kin.
Ta co th d nhu mc dinh hoc chon lai. Sau do nhn Next:
Cua s tip theo chon Finish:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 29
Nhu vy la ta d chuyn sang mi truong v mach in:
Mt ban v dang mach in co tn PCB1.PcbDoc xut hin o cua s quan ly cac ban
v. Ta thy rng ban v nay chua nm trong Project Baitap1.PrjPCB, ma nm duoi dang
Free Documents. Do vy ta cn chuyn ban v nay vao project Baitap1.PrjPCB bng
cach, tai cua s quan ly, keo va tha (nhp va giu chut ri di chuyn) tn ban v
PCB1.PcbDoc o muc Free Documents ln project Baitap1.PrjPCB. Muc Free
Documents mt di, ban v PCB1.PcbDoc d duoc add vao project Baitap1.PrjPCB, nhn
nut Save trn thanh cng cu d luu lai (hoc tu menu File, chon Save All). Luc nay man
hinh lam vic co dang nhu sau:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 30
By gio ta co th luu ban v nay voi tn khac bng cach: tai cua s quan ly project,
nhp chut phai vao tn ban v PCB1.PcbDoc, tai menu xut hin chon Save As, nhu hinh
duoi:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 31
Sau do chon noi luu ban v va dt tn moi cho ban v tai muc File name, sau do nhn
Save. O dy, dt tn la Mach_in1.PcbDoc
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 32
Nhn phimPage up d phong to ban v, keo mach in dn vi tri duong mau do:
Nhp chut vao duong mau do nay, con tro chut dn khi nao thanh hinh mi tn 4 huong,
keo duong nay ra ht bo mach mau den. Lam tuong tu voi ca 3 duong con lai, bo mach
duoc bao vua du boi 4 duong nay:
Ca 4 goc bo mach nhu hinh bn trn la duoc.
Chuyn tu mach nguyn ly Nguyenly1.SchDoc sang mach in Mach_in1.PcbDoc
bng cach, ta tro lai ban v Nguyenly1.SchDoc, tu menu Design >> Update PCB
Document Mach_in1.PcbDoc:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 33
Hp thoai Engeneering Change Order xut hin, xac nhn yu cu chuyn cac
duong, cac linh kin o mach nguyn ly sang mah in, nhn vao nut Validate Changes, nu
khng co li gi thi o ct Check s la cac du mau xanh:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 34
Nhn tip nut Execute Changes, tt ca cac du tich bn ct Done co mau xanh tuong tu
ct Check la duoc. Sau do dong hp thoai nay lai.
Chuyn sang ban v mach in Machin1.PcbDoc, luc nay cac chn cm cho tt ca cac
linh kin d xut hin, nm bn ngoai bo mach mau den:
Do Altium designer h tro mi truong lam vic thng minh, co th chuyn qua lai giua cac
ban v mt cach linh hoat, ta co th thy o the tai liu phia trn co 2 ban v duoc lit k:
Nguyenly1.SchDoc va Machin1.PcbDoc: . Ta co th
xem 2 ban v cung luc bng cach nhp chut phai vao the tai liu trn, menu hin ra chon
Split Vertical: cac tai liu cung xut hin tu trai sang phai theo chiu ngang, con nu chon
Split Horizontal: cac tai liu cung xut hin tu trn xung duoi theo chiu doc:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 35
Sau khi chon Split Vertical, ta s thy 2 ban v cung luc:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 36
Chuyn sang ban v Machin1.PcbDoc, ta cn thit lp lai luoi Snap grid cho phu
hop: tu menu Design >> Board Options d mo hp thoai Board Option, (phim tt D,O):
Omuc Snap Grid va Component Grid ta ln luot keo xung va chon 25 mil o khung X va
Y. Sau do nhp OK.
Chon s lop mach in: Tu menu Design >> Layer Stack Manager (phim tt D,K) d
hin hp thoai Laver Stack Manager:
Theo mc dinh s co 4 lop, ta cn xoa di 2 lop giua, d mach in cua ta chi con 2 mt: 1 mt
cm linh kin va 1 mt di dy. Nhp chut vao Internal Plane 1 (Ao Aet), nhn nut Delete
o goc phai d xoa lop nay di. Tuong tu, nhp vao Internal Plane 2 (Ao Aet), nhn nut
Delete d xoa lop nay. Chi con lai 2 lop la Top Laver va Bootom Laver. Sau do nhp OK.
By gio ta keo tt ca cac linh kin nay vao bo mach mau den, va tin hanh sp xp.
D keo chn linh kin nao ta nhp vao chn linh kin do, chn nay lp tuc co mau trng
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 37
bac, tro chut vao chn thy no bin thanh hinh mi tn 4 huong, keo chn linh kin vao bo
mach mau den. Hoc ta co th chon linh kin, nhom nhiu linh kin tu ban v nguyn ly
bng cach: chuyn sang ban v Nguyenly1.SchDoc, nhp chon linh kin hoc nhom nhiu
linh kin ma ta mun chon, (thuong dung lua chon nhiu linh kin khi ta mun xp cac
linh kin thay 1 khi chung), d chon nhiu linh kin: nhp chut trai va giu dng thoi phim
ShiIt. Sau khi chon linh kin xong, vao menu Tools >> Select PCB Component,(phim tt
T,S). Gia su ta dinh xp tt ca din tro vao 1 nhom, ta chon linh kin
tu R1 dn R5, sau do ta vao menu nhu trn d huong dn:
Luc nay Altium Designer s tu dng chuyn sang mi truong v mach in
Mach_in1.PcbDoc, cac chn cm tuong ung cho R1 dn R5 d duoc chon, chuyn sang
mau bac, ta keo nhom linh kin nay vao bo mach:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 38
Sau khi keo vao bo mach xong, ta thy khoang cach giua chung kha xa nhau, ta cn sp
xp lai, nhp chut ra ch khac, nhp chut tung linh kin va keo chung lai gn nhau voi
khoang cach hop ly. Sau do, chon 5 chn cm nay bng cach giu dng thoi phim ShiIt va
nhp chut trai vao 5 chn cm nay, hoc dung chut khoanh chon truc tip 5 chn cm
nay. Sau do nhp cng cu Alignment Tools trn thanh cng cu v mach, ri chon Make
Horizontal Spacing of Components Equal, (phim tt CtrlShiItH), cac chn cm tu
R1 dn R5 s duoc dn cach du chiu ngang, nhp chon tip cng cu nay ln nua va chon
Align Component by Top Edges, (phim tt CtrlShiItT), cac chn linh kin nay s duoc
sp thng hang trn:
Kt qua sau khi thuc hin, R1 dn R5 d duoc sp thng hang va dn cach du:
Sp xp cac linh kin khac theo vi tri thich hop. Mun xoay linh kin trong khi giu va keo
chn linh kin nhn phimSpaceBar trn ban phim, chn cm s xoay nguoc chiu kim
dng h mt goc 90 d.
Hinh bo mach sau khi sp xp chn cm linh kin hoan chinh:
Nhn nut Save d luu ban v. D chon d day duong mach in va cac thit lp khac, vao
menu Design > Rules (phim tt D,R) d hin hp thoai PCB Rules and Constraints Editor:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 39
Chon Design Rules, chon tip Routing ~~ Width ~~Width, bn phia phai, tai khung
Constraints ln luot din 20mil vao cac muc Min Width, Preferred Width, Max Width, ri
nhn Apply. Tip theo, chuyn sang muc Electrical ~~ Clearance ~~Clearance: bn phia
phai, khung Constraints, muc Minimum Clearance nhp lai gia tri 20mil vao:
Sau do nhp Apply.
Chuyn sang muc Routing Lavers ~~ Routing Lavers, o phia bn phai, muc Constraints, ta
thy co tuy chon Enable Lavers: tuy chon nhung lop mach in, do ta d thit lp mach in 2
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 40
mt, nn s thy co 2 lop: Top layer va Bottom layer, lop Top layer ta s chi dung d cm
linh kin, va s cho di dy o mt duoi, nn ta bo chon o ct Allow Routing di voi Top
Layer:
Chuyn sang muc Routing~~ Routing Jias Stvle ~~ Routing Jias, bn phia phai, khung
Constrants, muc Jia Diameter, nhp lai 70mil, 70mil, 70mil ln luot vao gia tri Minimum,
Maximum, PreIerred. Muc Jia Hole Si:e, nhp lai ca 3 gia tri la 30mil:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 41
Nhp OK d dong hp thoai nay lai.Ta keo duong bao o trn bo mach xung sao cho
vua du cac chn cm:
Ta co th cho dong chu m ta mach in dt ln mach in: click chut vao Place String
trn thanh cng cu v mach, dong chu String xut hin, n phim Tab trn ban phim d
hin hp thoai String:
Din dong chu mun cho ln mach vao Text, chon lop dt dong ch nay o Laver la
Bottom Laver. Sau do nhp OK va dt dong chu vao vi tri thich hop:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 42
By gio ta tin hanh cho mach tu dng chay thanh mach in: tu menu Auto Route >> All,
(phim tt A,A), hp thoai Situs Routing Stragetv xut hin, ta nhn vao nut Rout All:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 43
Luc nay mach s tu dng chay thanh mach in: cua s Massages dng thoi xut hin, chua
cac thng tin v qua trinh chay mach in. Khi nao mach chay xong s co thng bao xem co
li gi khng:
Cn chu y vao 2 muc cui cung:
1.Routing Status: s thng bao cac linh kin co duoc ni du va dung voi nhau nhu ban v
nguyn ly khng. Nu ni dung s co thng bao la: 100 nhu trn hinh v.
2.Situs Event: thng bao s kt ni li ma no khng tu dng ni duoc.
Nhu vy la mach cua ta khng co li gi, mach in sau khi tu dng chay:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 44
D cho mach in dep hon, ta co th tin hanh phu cac khoang trng trn mach. Tu menu
Place > Polygon Pour (phim tt P,G) hp thoai Polvgon Pour xut hin :
Muc Properties, Laver chon la Bottom Laver, muc Net Options o Connect to Net ban
co th chon la No net, nu mun cac duong phu nay khng ni voi dy nao, hoc chon
GND nu mun ni cac duong nay voi mass. Sau do nhp OK. Sau do nhp vao 4 goc bo
mach: 4 dim danh du bng mi tn hinh duoi:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 45
Sau do nhp ESC. Ta s thy mach in cua ta duoc phu dt:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 46
Ta thy rng tn cua cac linh kin nhu R1, R2 . xut hin trong ban v trng rt
ri. Ta co th cho Nn cac tn linh kin nay di bng cach: click vao tn 1 linh kin bt ki
trong ban v, chng han nhu tn R1, sau do nhp chut phai, menu hin ra chon Find
Similar Obfects.. Cua s Find Similar Obfects xut hin, tam dich la tim kim nhng doi
tuong giong nhau:
Tai muc Object Specific, khung String Tvpe ban s thy dong chu Designator (tn linh
kin), ban hy nhp chut trai vao co chu Anv, keo mi tn xug va chon lai la Same, tuc
la ta s tim kim tt ca tn linh kin trong ban v, nhp OK. Cua s PCB Inspector xut
hin, va bao cho ta rng co 18 di tuong nay trong ban v, keo rng cua s nay ra va danh
du tich vao Hide, ri dong cua s nay lai. Tt ca tn cua cac linh kin nay d duoc Nn di.
Sau do nhn nut Clear o goc phai phia duoi man hinh d tro v ch d binh thuong:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 47
Altium Designer h tro xem mach in o ch d 3D, rt ging voi bo mach tht trn
thuc t. Ta co th xem bo mach o ch d 3D, phin ban ti dang dung la 6.7 cac phin ban
truoc co th khng h tro tinh nng nay. Tu menu View > Board in 3D (phim tt V,3), tuy
nhin transistor khng co trong thu vin 3D do do s co thng bao hin ra, ban cu nhp OK
d bo qua, 1 bo mach 3D xut hin:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 48
Tuy nhin, do ta chon kich thuoc bo mach to hon kich thuoc cn thit nn trng no rt to.
Dy la mt trn, ta co th dung chut trai d xoay bo mach d xem o moi goc d, voi tinh
nng nay cho phep ta xem san phNm cua minh thit k.
Dy la bo mach phia mt duoi.
Mot so chu v. Nu thy mach in chua hop ly hay ban mun sp xp lai linh kin, ban
co th quay lai ban v mach in: Mach_in1.PcbDoc, menu Tools > Un-Route > All (phim
tt T,U,A), sau do tin hanh thay di lai theo y mun. Ri ban cho chay lai mach in nhu d
huong dn.
Altium Designer con cung cp 1 chuc nng kha hay khac do la chuyn cac ban v ra
dinh dang pdf d co th in n duoc d dang. Voi tinh nng nay ban co th mang ban v cua
minh sang cac may tinh khac d xem va in n ma may do khng nht thit phai cai phn
mm Altium Designer. Vao menu File > Smart PDF (phim tt F,M), cua s Smart PDF
hin ra, nhn Next, cua s tip theo hin ra Choose Export Target co 2 lua chon:
Current Project: lua chon nay cho phep o Iile pdI tao ra tt ca cac ban v trong Project
Baitap1.PrjPCB
Current Document. lua chon nay thi Iile pdI tao ra chi co ban v cua tai liu hin thoi, ban
v ma ban chon.
Ody chon Current Profect. Phn Output File Name d dt tn Iile pdI s tao ra va noi luu
Iile nay,sau do nhn Next d hin cua s tip theo voi cac lua chon cu th tip theo. Hoc
ta co th nhn Finish d kt thuc:
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 49
May tinh cn cai sn phn mm doc Iile pdI nhu: Adobe Acrobat, Eoxit Reader. thi
Iile pdI s duoc tu dng mo ra sau khi tao xong.
Huong dn Altium Designer *** Aqua Corporation.
Robocon Thnh D 50
Nhu vy la ta d kt thuc vic v mach in tu so d nguyn ly. Tt nhin, vic v
mach khng chi co th. Con rt nhiu vn d khac nua nhu: tao thu vin linh kin cng nhu
chn linh kin moi. Va Altium Designer cng khng chi co vy: khng chi co thit k
mach in, ma con thit k h thng nhung, thit k EPGA.