Phra Buddha Dhammacakra

B
U
D
D
HAN
E
T
'
S
B
O
O
K
LIB
R
A
R
Y
E-mail: bdea@buddhanet.net
Web site: www.buddhanet.net
Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.
Inn. Btttn. Dn.xx.c.in.
W.+ Inn. R.x. 9, B.:cici
Itniisnit 2OO1
nv Inn. Btttn. Dn.xx.c.in. Cni.+ic: Ccxxi++ii
W.+ Inn. R.x. 9 K.:cn.:.nnisii
999 Sci 9 Inn. R.x. 9 Rc.t
B.:cici 1O32O
Tn.ii.:t.
Tii: 318-5925-7
Atviscns
Inn. Bnn.nx.xt:i (Bn.nx.ct++c Bniiint)
Inn. Tnii:v.:.visi+ (Annin.ic Bniiint)
Inn. R.;nn.v.:.viincx (Dn.xx.tn.;c Bniiint)
Eti+it nv
Inn. Sniv.:scinc: (Iiv.vi;;c Bniiint)
Bniiint Stc.:tn. (A:ii S.iv.)
Dn. I.ti Di::isc:
Oppcsiic (pcgc iii). P|rc 8u!!|c D|cmmccc|rc
Originc| Pu||is|c! 8cc||ci Cc.cr (pcgc x). 1|c rsi !rcuing cj i|c
P|rc 8u!!|c D|cmmccc|rc |cjcrc ccsiing
On the Occasion of
the Placement and Auspicious nauguration of
Phra Baddha Dhammacakra
Main Shrine Hall of the Samatha Centre
Wales, United Kingdom
23 ]une 2001
+rcfacc
T
lo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra Buddla-slrino vas mado pos-
sibIo by llo Tlai Sangla and Buddlisl poopIo as voII as llo
Brilisl Buddlisls in ordor lo promolo llo Buddlas Toaclings in llo
Unilod Kingdom. AIso il marks llroo imporlanl occasions:
Tlo 1OOll yoar (1899 1999) llal His Majosly King CluIaIang-
karana llo Groal (King Rama V) of Siam gavo supporl lo prinl parl
of llo Tipilaka or IaIi Canon in LngIisl logollor vill llo IaIi Toxl
Socioly.
Tlo auspicious sovonly-socond or sixll cycIo Birllday Anni-
vorsary of His Majosly King BlumiboI AduIyadoj llo groal (King
Rama IX) of TlaiIand (5 Docombor 1999).
Tlo auspicious forly-oiglll or fourll cycIo Birllday Annivor-
sary of His RoyaI Higlnoss Crovn Irinco Mala VajiraIongkorn of
TlaiIand (28 }uIy 2OOO).
WliIo Iooking al llis Buddla imago P|rc 8u!!|c D|cmmc-
cc|rc you may lavo difforonl improssions, llal is, llo imago is
boaulifuI, caIm or poacofuI. Somo vouId lavo soon Him as cIay,
somo pIaslor or vax vliIo many vouId lavo soon Him as a briI-
Iianl goIdon Buddla imago. Hovovor, ovon llougl llis vory Buddla
imago vas mado from molaIs, in facl Ho vas mado from puro and
poacofuI loarls of Brilisl and Tlai Buddlisls from llo boginning
lo llo ond. Tloroforo, ovory drop of molaIs pouring inlo llo mouId
is our loarls, llo groal loarls dodicalod lo Buddlas pall. So, ovory
limo Iooking al llo Buddla imago boforo us, vo slouId llink of
llo innor Buddla in our minds. Having Iookod al Him, may vo go
boyond llis GoIdon Buddla, and hnd oul llo goIdon loarl from
P|rc 8u!!|c D|cmmccc|rc 12
lloso goIdon Ioavos vo pul on.
TradilionaIIy, aII Buddlisls boIiovo llal llo Buddla aIvays
brings in poaco, lappinoss, larmony and rigll undorslanding vlor-
ovor Ho Iivos. Irom nov on, our Scmci|c Ccnirc is c pcrmcncni |cmc
cj i|c 8u!!|c.
My llanks and cnumc!cn go lo ovoryono vlo las supporlod in
llis supromo morilorious dood. By llo facl llal llis is a groal moril,
I am pIoasod lo say llal many poopIo profor vorking bolind llo
scono lo boing in llo fronl. Tloy vouId profor nol lo bo monlionod
by lloir namos.
Tlo Buddla vas born and passod avay ovor lvo llousand hvo
lundrod yoars ago bul soon in fronl of us as llo symboI of Ioving
kindnoss lovards llo vorId. Tlo Buddlas roIics aIroady voro safoIy
kopl in a goIdon box hxod on llo lopknol of llo Buddla imago. Nov
you viII fooI llo Buddla slaying in fronl of you and you aro abIo lo
soo lim, laIk lo lim vlonovor you visl. Hovovor, no lappinoss
is lo bo gainod by asking for bIossing bul onIy by praclising as llo
Buddla laugll. In ollor vords, llo droam novor comos lruo vliIo
sIooping onIy vlon vaking up and vorking lard.
May you aII bo lappy, loaIlly and viso in llo Buddlas
Dlamma, loIping oacl ollor lurn llo vlooI of poaco and Ioving
kindnoss lo your ovn innor-vorId. Wo aro aII in llo samo famiIy
lroo. May llo lroo of friondslip bolvoon us llo Tlais and llo
Brilisl, llo Ioavos of larmony, llo branclos of poaco, llo fruil of
lappinoss and llo boaulifuI ovors of varm loarls bo pIanlod, and
grov in our loarls forovor.
Ilra Tlopnyanavisil
(AblibaIo Blikklu)
Abbol, Wal Ilra Rama 9
23 }uno 2OO1
[ontcnts
Pvvv~cv ................................................................................................................... ++
Pvocv~::v vov :nv Pi~cv:vx: ~xb Ausvicious !x~ucuv~:iox ov ................ +
A Mvss~cv vvo: :nv S~:~:n~ Tvus:................................................................. +6
Abbvvss :o :nv Cn~ivvvvsox ............................................................................. +
A viicn:vui n~::~ :vss~cv......................................................................... +
Ax !x:vobuc:iox :o 8ubbnis:........................................................................... :8
Rubi:vx:s ov Mvx:~icoiivc:vbxvss ...............................................................
n~::~c~xv~ Mubv~: :nv Mv~xixc ...............................................................
Pvocvss ov C~s:ixc ~ 8ubbn~ S:~:uv ............................................................... :
Tnv Pvocvss ov C~s:ixc ~ 8ubbn~ i:~cv .......................................................... 6
Scuiv:ovs ............................................................................................................... o
His:ovv ov :nv S~:~:n~ Tvus: ..........................................................................
Cn~x:ixc vov :nv Pnv~ 8ubbn~ n~::~c~xv~ ............................................ 6o
Te Jreliminary Jassage for (e.ering ................................................................ 61
Jassage on the Tree (efuges ............................................................................... 61
.erses on the ,sse.erations of Truth .................................................................... 61
.erses on the ord of ompassion .......................................................................... 62
Jiscourse on _etting the 7heel of Jhamma in otion ..................................... 63
Jassage on the (ecollections ................................................................................. 70
Te .erses on the Juddhas 7holesome .ictories .................................................. 71
Te .ictory Jrotection ........................................................................................ 73
.erses of 8xcellent Jlessing .................................................................................. 74
Cvv~:iox Co::i::vv ov :nv Pnv~ 8ubbn~ n~::~c~xv~..........................
Jis majesty ing Jhumibol ,dulyadej ................................................................................... i.
Jis (oyal Jighness ro.n Jrince aha .ajiralongkorn ....................................................... .
Jis ajesty ing hulalangkarana ....................................................................................... .i
, dedicating page in a Jali Text Jublication ......................................................................... .ii
Jis Joliness _omdet Jhra yanasam.ara .......................................................................... .iii
The royal crest commemorating the 6
th
cycle ................................................................................ ix
Original Jooklet o.er ............................................................................................................ x
Programme
for the Placement and Auspicious nauguration of
+hra addha hammacakra
Main Slrino HaII of llo Samalla Conlro
WaIos, Unilod Kingdom
23 }uno 2OO1
O7:3O Monks aIms round (8in!c|i) insido llo Samalla Conlro
grounds
O8:OO Broakfasl
1O:3O 1O monks clanl llo Pcriiic for bIossings (C|crccn P|rc
8u!!|cmcni)
Dcc!|cmmc offorings lo llo monks
- Monks clanl Anumc!cn bIossings
11:OO Offoring Iuncl lo aII monks, novicos and nuns
12:OO Iuncl for Iay poopIo
13:3016:00 Part 1 nI thc PIaccmcnt and Inauguratinn Ccrcmnny
AII monks and dislinguislod guosls lako lloir soals
Invilalion lo llo Mosl Von. Ilra Tlopnyanavisil,
Abbol of Wal Ilra Rama 9, llo dislinguislod clair-
porson from TlaiIand, lo prosido ovor llo coromony
Tlo clairporson Iigll candIos and inconso slicks lo
pay lomago lo llo TripIo Gom
Taking rofugo in llo TripIo Gom and llo Iivo Irocopls
WoIcomo spoocl from llo Samalla Trusl
A roporl road by a roprosonlalivo of llo Buddla Rupa
Croalion Commilloo and roquosl lo llo Mosl VonorabIo
clairporson lo porform llo Coromony of IIacomonl
and Inauguralion of llo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra
in llo Main Slrino HaII of llo Samalla Conlro
13:49 Tlo rilo of Oponing llo Buddlas Lyos by llo Mosl
VonorabIo Ilra Tlopnyanavisil vliIo llo monks clanl
llo ossonco of llo D|cmmccc||cppc.ciicnc Suiic (dis-
courso of solling in molion llo vlooI of lrull, llo Iirsl
Sormon of llo Buddla), and
InslaIIalion of llo Buddlas RoIics in llo load of
llo Buddla vliIo llo monks clanl llo, jccmcngc|c
Gi| (slanzas of viclory and auspiciousnoss)
14:OO Pcriiic and clanling of llo D|cmmccc||cppc.ciicnc Suiic
by llo monks
14:30 Scmmc!cnic|ci| (a doIigllfuI dlamma mossago) from
llo Mosl VonorabIo Ilra Tlopnyanavisil, llo clairporson
IoIicilous Mossago of Dlamma from VonorabIo Ilra
BlvankosaIa, Abbol of Wal Buddlapadipa, Iondon
Dlamma Rosponso and Spoocl of Tlanks by Dr IauI
Donnison, Clairman of llo Samalla Trusl
16:OO Lnd of llo hrsl parl of llo coromony and loa broak
17:00 1900 Part 2 nI thc Ccrcmnnics (prnvisinnaI)
Clanling by mombors of llo Samalla Associalion
Slorl laIks by mombors of llo Samalla Associalion
Words of Dlamma and Modilalion Iod by Nai Boonman
Ioonyalliro in fronl of llo novIy-inauguralod Ilra
Buddla Dlammacakra
19:OO Dinnor for Iay poopIo
2O:OO Lvoning clanling and modilalion (aII monks and Iay poopIo)
Iod by llo Mosl VonorabIo Ilra Tlopnyanavisil in fronl
of llo novIy-inauguralod Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra
Lnd of llo Coromonios
Tnv S~:~:n~ Tvus:
, _cssagc from thc _amatha Trast
A
boul 37 yoars ago a sood vas pIanlod, a numbor of Woslornors,
mysoIf incIudod, found Buddlism and parlicuIarIy Buddlisl
modilalion. Moro imporlanlIy lloy found a skiIIod modilalion
loaclor, llo formor Tlai monk Nai Boonman Ioonyalliro, a Good
Iriond (|c|ncmiiic) in aII vays. Tlo sood grov, sIovIy bul sloadiIy.
Nai Boonman rolurnod lo TlaiIand in 1974, bul llo Iay organisalion
vlicl lad boon oslabIislod llo Samalla Trusl ourislod as
moro poopIo look up modilalion praclico, somo bocoming loaclors
llomsoIvos, according lo lloir oxporionco.
In 1987 llo Trusl purclasod a farm in WaIos vill oxlonsivo
Iands incIuding hoIds, liIIs, voods and slroams, lo dovoIop inlo a
Modilalion Conlro. Wo acliovod our goaI in 1996 vill llo formaI
oponing of llo Slrino HaII compIox. Tlo vondorfuI gifl of Ilra
Buddla Dlammacakra, from llo groal Buddlisl nalion of TlaiIand,
logollor vill llo Buddlas RoIics, viII givo llo Slrino HaII and llo
Conlro ils loarl.
Tlis is a uniquo and romarkabIo ovonl connocling a Iay organi-
salion of Woslorn modilalors, vill llo Blikklu sangla and Iay sup-
porlors in TlaiIand. Wo voIcomo llis conlacl, and vo aro avod by
llis groal acl of gonorosily, llis mc|!nc. May llis Conlro and Ilra
Buddla Dlammacakra bo a sourco of inspiralion, nourislmonl and
supporl for llo loarls of nol onIy llis gonoralion of Woslorn modila-
lors, bul gonoralions lo como.
.i|is !|cmmc is |ccuiiju| in i|c |cginning, |ccuiiju| in i|c mi!!|c
cn! |ccuiiju| in iis cn!.
IauI Donnison
C|cirmcn, Scmci|c 1rusi
,ddrcss to
Te Most Venerable Phra Tepnyanavisit
Abbot, Wat Phra Rama 9 and the Chairperson
Mosl Vonoralod Clairporson,
Will groal sc!!|, Tlai poopIo lavo casl llis Buddla slaluo
vill a moasuromonl of 62 inclos from knoo lo knoo. Tlo slaluo is
in llo posluro of doIivoring llo Iirsl Sormon, llo Dlammacakra
mudra. ArlislicaIIy, il is a mixluro bolvoon Gandlara and Suklollai
Buddlisl arlislic slyIos. Tlo Buddla slaluo las boon casl for pIaco-
monl al llis conlro for Buddlisl sludy and praclico llo Samalla
Conlro, WaIos and for poopIo of llo Unilod Kingdom lo vorslip
and uso as a symboI of rocoIIoclion of llo Buddla and lis virluos.
Taking inlo considoralion llo Buddlas posluro, llo Mosl VonorabIo
Tlopnyanavisil las namod llo slaluo as Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra.
Tlis Buddla is prosonlod lo Brilisl Buddlisls by Tlai Buddlisls on
llo llrico-spociaI auspicious occasions as foIIovs:
1. On llo mosl auspicious conlonniaI annivorsary (1899 1999)
of His Majosly King CluIaIangkarana llo Rama 5s conlribulion of
a royaI donalion for llo pubIicalion of llo IaIi Canon in conjunclion
vill llo IaIi Toxl Socioly, LngIand.
2. On llo mosl auspicious occasion of llo 72
nd
RoyaI Birllday
annivorsary of His Majosly King BlumiboI AduIyadoj of TlaiIand.
3. On llo mosl auspicious occasion of llo 48
ll
RoyaI Birllday
of His RoyaI Higlnoss llo Crovn Irinco Mala VajiraIongkorn of
TlaiIand.
Considoring lloso auspicious occasions, llo RoyaI HousoloId of
llo Tlai monarcly las graciousIy granlod pormission lo docoralo
llo Iolus pIinll of llo Buddla slaluo vill llo spociaI RoyaI Crosl
commomoraling llo Sixll CycIo (72
nd
) Birllday Annivorsary of His
Majosly King BlumiboI AduIyadoj of TlaiIand on 5 Docombor 1999.
H.R.H. llo Crovn Irinco graciousIy prosonlod a puro goId pIalo
ongravod vill lis RoyaI Insignia lo conlribulo lo llo casling of llo
Buddla slaluo and by royaI command inslruclod lis royaI aido lo
bring il lo llo casling coromony as a lokon of lis ovn morilorious
acls of lis royaI birllday.
His HoIinoss Somdol Ilra Nyanasamvara, Supromo Ialriarcl
of TlaiIand, aIso conlribulod a puro goId pIalo lo bo moIlod inlo llo
casling of llo Buddla slaluo as lis supromo bIossings.
Today, llo Tlai Ordor, Tlai Buddlisls, llo casling commilloo
mombors logollor vill Brilisl Buddlisls and frionds in Dlamma
lavo gallorod in llis augusl assombIy al llo Samalla Conlro in WaIos
lo parlicipalo in llo Grand IIacomonl and Inauguralion Coromony
of llo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra as llo principaI Buddla Slrino
of llo Conlro, and lo inslaII llo Buddlas RoIics in llo load of Ilra
Buddla Dlammacakra.
IoIIoving llo pall inilialod by llo royaI visl of King CluIa-
Iangkarana in propagaling Buddlism lo a vidor audionco a lun-
drod yoars ago, may llis morilorious acl of prosonling Ilra Buddla
Dlammacakra gonoralo sc!!|, faill, rospocl, approcialion, joy and
monlaI oncouragomonl among Brilisl Buddlisls in lloir sludy and
praclico of Buddlism.
Honco, il is nov llo limo of groal auspiciousnoss, al vlicl I,
vill groal vonoralion, vouId Iiko lo roquosl Your Mosl VonorabIo
Ilra Tlopnyanavisil, llo lonourabIo clairporson, lo kindIy radi-
alo Ioving kindnoss and porform llo rilo of Oponing llo Buddlas
oyos and lo inslaII llo Buddlas RoIics in llo load of Ilra Buddla
Dlammacakra for llo auspiciousnoss, prosporily, and propagalion
of llo loaclings of llo Buddla for llo bonohl, poaco and lappinoss
amongsl Brilisl Buddlisls and of aII mankind.
, clightfal hamma _cssagc
by the Most Venerable Phra Tepnyanavisit,
Abbot of Wat Phra Rama 9, Bangkok, Tailand
at Main Shrine Hall of the Samatha Centre,
23 )une 2001
T
lo occurronco of llo IIacomonl and Inauguralion coromony of llo
Buddla Dlammacakra al Samalla Conlro loday aIllougl lak-
ing pIaco far from TlaiIand, is loIpod by Tlai poopIo, lloir Brilisl
frionds parlicuIarIy llo mombors of llo Samalla Trusl and ollor
Buddlisls llrougloul llo vorId, bocoming llus an occasion vlicl
viII bo inscribod in llo annaIs of Buddlisl lislory. Tlis Buddlisl
conlro is boing oslabIislod as a pIaco vloro poopIo, vlalovor lloir
raco or roIigion, can como for llo praclico of Samalla and Dlamma
as a vloIo, vlicl viII bo for lloir lappinoss, poaco of mind and bon-
ohl for many a Iong day. Tlo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra Buddla-
slrino llal is prosonlod loday as a Buddla-puj is of inoslimabIo
vorll boll from llo poinl of viov of arlislic vaIuo and from llal of
anliquily.
ArlislicaIIy, il is llo uniquo scuIplors croalion vill llo com-
binalion of lvo vory difforonl ancionl Buddlisl arls and from lvo
difforonl counlrios. Tlo scuIplor visoIy and soamIossIy combinod
llo ancionl Buddlisl Gandlara arl of around 2
nd
conlury from
Afglanislan vill llo uniquo Suklollai arl of 13
ll
conlury from
TlaiIand. Lvory scuIplor and arlisl invoIvod in llis croalion vorkod
lard voIunlariIy vill lloir fuII loarls and spirils. Tloy did nol vork
jusl for sako of an arlislic vaIuo bul lloy vorkod vill lloir doop
faill and vonoralion lo llo Buddla vlom lloy boIiovod in. Lvory
liny slroko of lloir land Iaid on llo croalion of llo Buddla lloy lavo
pul lloir puro loarls, spirils and faill on lo lransfor inlo a slaluo lloy
P|rc 8u!!|c D|cmmccc|rc 2O
addod vill lloir doop faill on il. Lvory limo lloy vorkod and al llo
ond of lloir vork lloy vorslippod llo Buddla-slrino-in-croalion
vill a groal rospocl and lumiIily. Tloy look rofugo in llo TripIo
Gom and obsorvod llo hvo procopls during lloir croalion. Tloir
minds voro conconlralod on llo virluo of llo Buddla vliIo lloir
lands voro busy croaling ils roprosonlalion. Tloroforo, llis uniquo
Buddla-slrino vas nol a moro consoquonco of any commorciaI and
arlislic vaIuo bul il vas llo oulcomo of a groal vonoralion, boIiof
and rigll offorl of ovoryono vlo vas invoIvod in llo procoss of ils
croalion.
In lorms of anliquily, il vas a groal lonour and auspiciousnoss
for llo Croalion Commilloo of llo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra and
Buddlisls llal His RoyaI Higlnoss Crovn Irinco Mala VajiraIong-
korn of TlaiIand graciousIy offorod a goId pIalo vill lis royaI insig-
nia on il lo moIl on llo casling procoduro in llo boginning.
Irom llo occIosiaslicaI sido, His HoIinoss Somdol Ilra Nyana-
samvara, Supromo Ialriarcl of TlaiIand graciousIy bIossod and
conlribulod a goId pIalo for casling llo Buddla-slrino. Moroovor,
Tlai poopIo of ovory vaIk of Iifo conlribulod boll hnanciaIIy and in
difforonl moans lo llis auspicious morilorious doods.
Tloroforo, llis Buddla slaluo is uniquo nol onIy on ils croalion
bul il is aIso llo onIy ono of llo slaluo ovor mado villoul any copy,
ropIica or originaI mouId Iofl bolind. Tlis croalion vas succoodod
vill a gonorous donor in TlaiIand as voII as gonorous Iabour and
spiril of llo scuIplors vill invaIuabIo supporl from llo liglIy
osloomod Tlai Ordor. Having arrivod in duo limo vill gonorous
loIp of various poopIo, boll from govornmonls and pubIic llis sig-
nihcanl roprosonlalion of llo Buddla las, in llo midsl of llis augusl
assombIy, boon pIacod in posilion as llo principaI Buddla-slrino.
LxaclIy a vook aload is AsIla Iuj IuII Moon day. Tlis day on
vlicl Buddlisls coIobralo AsIla coromony vas, during llo Buddla-
limo, llo hrsl occasion vlon llo Buddla imparlod a Dlamma inslruc-
lion vlicl vas llo originaI sourco and inspiralion of llis parlicuIar
Dlammacakra mudra llo posluro vill lis lands aro loId lo lis
loarl in llo gosluro of loaclings or 'lurning llo vlooI of Dlamma.
Iol mo rocounl lo you llo briof lislory of llis occasion. Tlo
Buddla, aflor allaining LnIigllonmonl on llo IuII Moon day of
Visakla considorod and found llal lloro voro boings vlo couId
undorsland llis Dlamma and vlo couId in lurn bo LnIigllonod.
Ho comparod llom lo Iolus buds vlicl avail llo varming rays of
llo sun lo bIossom fuIIy. Ior llis roason, Ho dolorminod in His loarl
lo procIaim llo Dlamma, lloroby oslabIisling Buddlism. Having
docidod lo do llis, Ho mado oxaminalion in ordor lo hnd oul vlo
slouId bo inslruclod. Aflor concIuding llal llo hvo ascolics vlo lad
formorIy sorvod lim vouId roadiIy undorsland llo Dlamma, Ho
doIivorod lo llom llo hrsl Dlamma inslruclion upon llis samo day,
Wlon Ho lad compIolod His discourso, lo llo Ioador of lloso hvo, by
llo namo of Kondaa, lloro aroso llo Lyo of Dlamma so llal lo
camo lo oxporionco Dlamma diroclIy. Having boon llo hrsl lo undor-
sland Dlamma lo roquoslod for ordinalion lo bocomo a Buddlisl
monk, al vlicl llo Buddla, oul of compassion boslovod il upon lim.
Tlus, on llis occasion llo TripIo Gom slarlod lo oxisl, bocoming com-
pIolo aflor hvo days vlon aII hvo of llo ascolics lad dirocl knovIodgo
of Dlamma and oblainod ordinalion as Buddlisl monks.
Tlo loarl of llis hrsl Discourso, caIIod 'Solling in Molion llo
WlooI of Dlamma, boing llo rosuIl of llo Buddlas six-yoars soarcl
for Dlamma, of His praclico of Dlamma, of His invosligalion inlo
Dlamma, of His visdom born of llo Dlamma, is llo Iour NobIo
Trulls, liglosl among aII lrulls, laving novor boon loard by Him
from any ollor loaclor. Aflor loacling in llis vay Ho sol oul on
fool lo loacl llo Dlamma lo aII sorls of poopIo Iiving in aII sorls of
pIacos, doing llis for llo romaindor of His Iifo, a poriod of 45 yoars al
llo ond of vlicl, Ho allainod Iarinibbana. Lvor sinco llal limo llo
Buddla-ssana or Buddlism las ourislod laving, as llo Buddla
dolorminod aflor His LnIigllonmonl, aIvays lad lloso vlo lavo
ponolralod lo Dlamma, boll monks and Iay-poopIo.
Ho spoko of llo vord 'Buddla-ssana upon llo IuII Moon day
of Mgla, a day Iong coIobralod in lonour of llo Dlamma, vlon
Ho inslruclod vill llo Toacling of 'Nol doing any kind of oviI, llo
porfocling of prohlabIo skiIIs, purifying of onos loarl as voII: |icm
8u!!|nc Sscncm moaning, llis Toacling of aII llo Buddlas or
lloso vlo lavo avakonod lo llo Trull is llo roIigion of Buddlas.
Tloso vords summariso aII of llo praclicaI loacling givon by llo
Buddla.
Brioy, Buddlism consisls of llal Dlamma of vlicl Trull may
bo knovn and soon for onosoIf aflor roocling upon il. Moroovor, il
is suilabIo for llo praclico of aII limos, or spoaking in a modorn vay,
for lloir praclico in lloir ovoryday Iifo. Tlus, during llo Iifolimo of
llo Buddla, Ho inslruclod aII in Dlamma and so bocamo knovn as
'Toaclor of Gods and mon vlicl can bo inlorprolod as Toaclor nol
onIy of lloso laving ligl ranks bul aIso of ordinary poopIo. Many
oxampIos of llis can bo soon from llo Iifo lislory of llo Buddla as
vlon, for inslanco, Ho inslruclod vandorors and Yogis vlo vislod
oscapo from llis vorId vill llo IovoI of UIlimalo Trull, or vlon on
llo ollor land, Ho laugll lloso vlo govorn sucl as kings vill llo
Dlamma suilabIo for govornmonl, and lo ordinary poopIo inslruclod
llom for lloir lappinoss boll loday and lomorrov. In parlicuIar, Ho
laugll Dlamma lo llo ordinary mon of lloso days according lo llo
IovoIs of lloir undorslanding so llal lloy slouId roaIiso llo good
rosuIls loro and nov nol laving lo vail lo soo llo bonohls in somo
fuluro oxislonco. Bul lloso vlo pracliso musl knov llo corrocl ordor
of llo inslruclions in Buddlisl loaclings and musl aIso undorsland
llomsoIvos and lloir ovn capacilios.
}usl as, in sclooIs and univorsilios lloro aro many difforonl
cIassos according lo ago and undorslanding, so in llo Buddlisl lrain-
ing lloro aro many IovoIs of inslruclion. Again jusl as a maslor in
sclooI loaclos lis pupiIs vill llo approprialo IovoIs of loaclings so
llo Buddla loaclos poopIo, cIassifying His inslruclions accordingIy.
Ho caIIod His loacling 'llo Iraclico laving many Difforonl IovoIs.
Tloroforo, if ono vislod lo pracliso llo Dlamma, ono slouId hrsl
knov onos ovn posilion bocauso llon ono viII knov vlicl caIIs lo
allond and vlicl Dlamma lo Iislon lo, so llal ono soos bonohls ovon
loday. Tloso vlo do nol pracliso bul do nol do so proporIy, viII gol
no bonohl from Buddlisl loaclings aIllougl lloy caII llomsoIvos
Buddlisls. Tloy aro Iiko a man vlo carrios aboul in lis land a pro-
cious jovoI villoul roaIising ils vorll and villoul laking any slops
lo lavo il vaIuod.
Il is voII knovn llal somo poopIo in llis and ollor counlrios
vlo lavo road aboul and loard aboul Dlamma, lavo llon como
lo lavo faill in il. Somo aflor laving road llo hrsl vorso of llo
Dlammapada vlicl says 'Lvonls aro loraIdod by mind, mind
is cliof, mind-mado aro lloy. If somoono vill corruplod mind is
vonl lo spoak or acl, llon iII for suro viII foIIov aflor lim as doos
llo vlooI upon llo oxons loof, viII gain conhdonco, bo pIoasod in
lloir minds and visl lo sludy, llus gaining a roaIIy doop lrusl in
llo Buddlisl loaclings.
Wo slouId nolo llal Woslorn poopIo sucl as lloso prosonl in
llis counlry, lond lo approacl llo Dlamma by llo vay of roason
so llal if lloy slouId road llo books of llo Vinaya, lloy may doubl
vlollor lloro is any Buddlisl monk loday vlo is abIo lo pracliso
il and vlollor porlaps, llo roguIalions oxisl onIy in llo books. Ior
inslanco, a porson of llis sorl vlon lo las loard of Iivo procopls
viII lako nolo of Buddlisl poopIo and lov lloy pracliso Dlamma.
An inloIIigonl porson viII oflon dovolo laIf of lis allonlion lo llo
oxpIanalions givon by llo loaclor, bul llo ollor laIf viII bo lakon up
vill llo claraclor of llal loaclor. If lo soos llal llo loaclor is a good
man lo viII Iislon lo lim vill rospocl, bul if lo las llo opposilo
claraclorislics lo viII lavo no faill and lov roasonabIo and uso-
fuI il is. Nov, aII Buddlisls vlollor lloy aro monks or Iay-poopIo
slouId romombor llo oxampIo of sucl an inloIIigonl man so as lo
dovoIop mindfuInoss, for as llo oId saying goos: 'Ono slouId koop
goodnoss as saIl koops ils savour.
In llo samo vay ono slouId sludy llo Dlamma and so bocomo
abIo lo ansvor lloso quoslions vlicl ono slouId bo abIo lo ansvor.
UnIoss ono doos llis, Dlamma bocomos llal vlicl ono cIosos onos
oyos lo and covors ovor onos oars, and llon bIindIy vorslips. Good
Buddlisls vlo Ioarn llorouglIy and pracliso voII, lavo llo knov-
Iodgo lo ansvor quoslions vlollor on imporlanl mallors or con-
cornod vill Iossor poinls so llal lloy, vloovor lloy aro and vlorov-
or lloy go, slouId bo caIIod Dlammadula (mossongors of Dlamma).
Bul llo imporlanl lling loro is llal lloro musl bo Dlamma in onos
ovn loarl, llal is llo Dlamma vlicl ono praclisos. Wlon poopIo
of llis sorl mool logollor, from llo oxampIo of lloir ovn Iivos, lloy
furllor (in ollors) llo undorslanding of Dlamma.
Dlamma is Trull and llal Trull oxisls villin onosoIf as causo
and offocl vlicl ovoryono oxporioncos. Tlo Buddlas Dlamma is
comparod lo a mirror for lloso vlo lavo oyos lo soo llomsoIvos, lo
undorsland llo lrull aboul llomsoIvos and lo knov llo vay llings
roaIIy aro, vlollor good or oviI. }usl as llo mirror slovs a porson
lov lo dross in goodnoss. Tlus knoving Dlamma is lo knov ono-
soIf. On llo ollor land, a porson vlo rofusos llo Dlamma is aIso lo
vlo rofusos lo Iook al limsoIf in ordor lo knov limsoIf and rofusos
lo dross limsoIf or dovoIop limsoIf in llo vay of llo Ariyas (lloso
vlo lavo dovoIopod lloir minds by doslruclion of somo or aII of llo
monlaI slains).
Of aII bonohls llal ono can rocoivo, Dlamma is llo ossonco
of llom aII. Il is llis bonohl of Dlamma llal onos Iifo noods, or il
can bo caIIod llal vlicl is llo supporl of lruo lappinoss. Iirsl, ono
slouId acquiro llo bonohl llal comos from llo Ioarning of Arls and
Scioncos, for in llis vay ono is abIo lo mako onos Iiving, gaining
onougl monoy lo Iivo lappiIy. In addilion lo llis, lovovor, ono
noods lo dovoIop friondIinoss and lonour and so on, for lloso aro
aIso nocossary. Hov is il possibIo llon lo dovoIop lloso nocossary
quaIilios` A good sludonl vlo gradualos doos so bocauso lo Iislons
voII, invosligalos voII in ordor lo undorsland, aIso asks quoslions
and lakos llorougl nolos. Ior llis lo musl lavo Dlamma as llo
povor in lis loarl, namoIy dolorminalion lo Ioarn (c|cn!c), porsovor-
anco and palionco (.iric), conconlraling llo mind lo Ioarn (ciiic) and
llon invosligaling and considoring vlicl is caIIod in IaIi .imcns.
Tloro aro lvo vays vloroby ono may approacl Dlamma so llal
il bocomos llo lruo supporl of onos loarl. IirslIy, by vay of somo
oxlorior ovonl, and socondIy, by vay of onos ovn praclico. As an
oxampIo of llo hrsl, ono may soo onos friond lard al vork sludying
and so bo incilod lo vork onosoIf, dolorminalion boing producod
in onos ovn mind, bul vlon ono bogins lo vork in llo samo vay,
llon porlaps ono may fooI lirod and discouragod, bocauso llis vay
of sludying is nol onjoyabIo.
Honco, llis mollod of approacling Dlamma is by no moans
as good as praclising onosoIf. Tlo Buddla las Iaid dovn llo ordor
of praclising Dlamma as hrsl lraining in moraI conducl (si|c-si|||),
llon lraining of llo loarl or mind ( ciiic-si|||) , and IaslIy llo lrain-
ing in visdom (pc-si|||), lloso llroo coIIoclivoIy boing knovn
as llo TlroofoId lraining. Tlo vord si||| (lraining) aIroady indi-
calos llal ono slouId pracliso for onosoIf, bul onco ono las bocomo
accuslomod lo do llis, llo praclico is no Iongor difhcuIl. Al llo
boginning ono may fooI a IillIo opprossod, bul vill dolorminalion
il viII bo found llal lo pracliso is nol boyond onos abiIily.
Tlo lraining in moraI conducl consisls of roslraining llo origi-
naI rools of oviI so llal llo mind no Iongor llinks lo do oviI and
llon lraining il in llo vay of vlal is bonohciaI Ioading ovonluaIIy
lo rofraining from aII oviI lovards ollors. Wlon praclisod again and
again llis lraining in moraI conducl bocomos labiluaI.
Tlo lraining of llo loarl is dohnod as a mind slrongIy (ccm-
mcni | c!iicr cj PDI .crsicn scmc icxi is missing jrcm criginc|) ovonl
vlicl pIoasos llo mind or oIso Ioads ono lo disIiko, for a momonl ono
slouId lry lo lavo a quiol mind, or vlon ono vislos lo accompIisl
somolling difhcuIl, ono makos llo samo offorl vliIo ondoavouring
lo conconlralo llo mind upon llo mallor in land. Tlis is caIIod mak-
ing llo mind possoss coIIoclodnoss (scm!|i) vlicl is llo causo Ioad-
ing lo llo dovoIopmonl of poacofuI mind dovoid of oviI obslruclions
or londoncios vlicl puII llo mind lovards oviI vays. Tlis kind of
monlaI coIIoclodnoss can bo usod in any kind of vork, sucl as in
Iisloning, for vlon llis is prosonl lloro viII bo visdom in rospocl
of vlalovor ono is Iisloning lo.
Tlo lraining in visdom is llinking in sucl a vay as lo undor-
sland causos and lloir offocls, llus giving riso lo knovIodgo in
accordanco vill roIalionslip of causo-offocl. Horo aIllougl ono
may Iislon lo advico concorning good and oviI ovon by llo lour,
il is nolling Iiko as bonohciaI as roaIising for ono momonl vlal
is rigll conducl. Advico is onIy givon so llal ono can Ioarn lov
lo llink in accordanco vill causo and offocl vlicl viII rosuIl for
ovorybody in llo arising of visdom. Ioarning llo Buddlisl roIi-
gion is, in facl, for oblaining llal visdom of llo Dlamma as laugll
by llo Buddla.
Tlis sorl of visdom vlicl ono slouId aIvays lavo and vlicl
noods spociaI omplasis loro is llal visdom vloroby ono oxaminos
onosoIf. Tloro vas ono occasion vlon llo Buddla askod RaluIa of
vlal uso vas a mirror. RaluIa, ropIiod llal il vas usofuI bocauso vill
il ono can gazo al llings rooclod. Tlon llo Buddla gavo RaluIa an
oxlorlalion llal ono slouId oxamino conslanlIy and llorouglIy llo
aclions of onos body, spoocl and mind jusl as vlon ono gazos inlo a
mirror, or again, as llo Buddla said in llo Dlammapada: 'By your-
soIf oxlorl yoursoIf! By yoursoIf roslrain yoursoIf! (D|p. 379). Tlis
Dlamma is vory suilabIo boll for lloso loIding posls of rosponsibiI-
ily, as voII as for lloso vlo aro far from any aullorily.
Aflor laving lrainod llo mind in roslrainl ono viII ovonluaIIy
como lo hnd llal llo mind bocomos comforlabIo sinco ono knovs
lov lo uso il vill visdom dislinguisling vlal is good and vlal
is oviI, so llal ono viII Ioavo llo oviI palls of domorilorious aclions
boll llrougl body and mind. Al llis limo llo mind viII rolracl
from oviI quilo naluraIIy, rogarding il as Ioallsomo and nol vanling
lo lavo anylling lo do vill il, in limo arriving al Vimulli vlicl is
boing roIoasod slop by slop from bondago and bocoming lruIy froo.
Tlo Dlamma vlicl is llo Toaclings of Iroodom vas laugll as a
Iall laving oigll faclors by llo Buddla, bul is summarisod by llo
abovomonlionod TlroofoId Training. A porson vlo las sludiod voII
llo pall of vorIdIy Ioarning and gainod knovIodgo aIso of llo llroo-
foId lraining as laugll by llo Buddla, is caIIod a man porfoclod in
llo accompIislmonl of Ioarning and lo bocomos fuIIy accompIislod
upon aclioving compIolo froodom.
Iasl bul nol Ioasl, may llo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra, llo
IrincipaI Buddla-slrino al llo Main Slrino HaII of llo Samalla
Conlro bo a roprosonlalion of llo absoIulo virluos of llo Buddla,
His loaclings and llo foIIovors of lis loaclings. May llis Buddla-
slrino bo a symboI Iiko a lorcl guiding Iivos of aII Buddlisls and
non-Buddlisls aIiko. May lis loaclings of Dlamma bo a Iamp vlicl
iIIuminalo lappinoss and poaco and oradicalo llo dark forcos of Iifo.
May llo povor of llo TripIo Gom and llo povor of accumuIalod
morils prolocl and guard you aII, may you aII bo avay from sick-
noss, disoaso, or obslruclions and dangors. Iurllor, may aII of lloso
vlo Iivo in llo Unilod Kingdom and ospociaIIy in WaIos vloro llis
Buddla-slrino is pIacod, may lloy aII lavo lappinoss, caIm of lloir
minds and good forluno. And may aII mankind bo proloclod and
guardod so llal lloy may progross voII in llo vay of Dlamma, and
lloy, logollor vill aII boings ovoryvloro, may como lo grovll and
lappinoss.
,n Introdaction to addhism
by
His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara,
_aprcmc +atriarch of Tailand
B
uddlism is nol somolling aIion lo poopIo vlo voro born in
TlaiIand bocauso ovorybody is famiIiar vill Buddlisl monas-
lorios (Wal), monks, novicos and roIigious aclivilios from lloir cliId-
lood. Hovovor, llo famiIiar picluros llal lloy lavo soon so far aro
onIy llo suporhciaI form of Buddlism. Somolimos ollor cuIls and
boIiofs lavo boon syncrolisod inlo Buddlism, bocoming parl of llo
lradilion. Tradilions aro obsorvod on llo basis llal lloy lavo boon
obsorvod by provious gonoralions villoul any invosligalion of llo
ossoncos and roasons bolind sucl coIobralions.
Wlon foroignors vilnoss Buddlism in TlaiIand lloy migll
fooI il lo bo quilo slrango. AccordingIy, lloy roacl various opinions
on Buddlism. Bul vlal lloy soo may bo moslIy llo suporhciaIilios
of Buddlism vill llo syncrolism of IocaI boIiofs and lradilions.
Tlinking llis lo bo Buddlism lloy may ond up spoaking and
vriling aboul Buddlism in difforonl vays, oacl laving lloir ovn
undorslandings and inlorprolalions of Buddlism vlicl aro nol
lomogonoous. AccordingIy, llis may causo ollors lo undorsland
Buddlism vrongIy.
Buddlism las boon oslabIislod for a Iong limo moro llan
2,544 yoars as il is counlod in TlaiIand and il las dovoIopod lo vari-
ous sclisms. Hovovor, lloro aro lvo main sclisms in Buddlism:
Tloravda or Hnayna as il is popuIar in Sri Ianka, TlaiIand,
Myanmar olc. and Acariyavda or Mlyna as in }apan, Clina,
Tibol olc. According lo llo Acariyavda, somo boIiovo llal llo origi-
naI Buddla oxisls pormanonlIy in ono of llo loavons. Tlis lypo
of Buddlisl boIiof may bo oasiIy undorslood vlon doIivorod lo
Woslornors or lo poopIo vlo boIiovo in mono-lloism.
Tloravda Buddlism, on llo conlrary, doos nol boIiovo in sucl
an oxposilion in lorms of porsons llal llo Buddla as a porson oxisls
pormanonlIy. Il aIso doos nol oxpross an opinion on llo origin of
llo vorId. Hovovor, il oxpIains llo NobIo Trulls of Sufforing, llo
Causo of Sufforing, llo Cossalion of Sufforing and llo Iall Ioading
lo llo Cossalion of Sufforing. In addilion, il doaIs vill llo princi-
pIo of Kamma vlicl, brioy, doscribos poopIo as oacl laving lloir
ovn kamma do good, roap good, do oviI, roap oviI olc. Tloroforo,
Tloravda Buddlism oxprossos moro signihcanco lovards llo prin-
cipIo of curronl causo and offocl. AIso, il aims lo loacl and lrain
individuaIs lo abandon oviI and lo cuIlivalo vloIosomo aclivilios in
llo prosonl, as in llo Tlroo Toaclings of llo Buddla: Avoid aII oviI,
cuIlivalo llal vlicl is lruIy good, purify onos mind or loarl.
Somo poopIo undorslood Buddlism as an ollicaI syslom or
pliIosoply bul nol according lo llo popuIar undorslanding of llo
lorm roIigion. Hovovor, Buddlism doos nol doscribo onIy ollicaI
principIos, lloro aro aIso oxpIanalions on psycloIogy, pliIosoply,
visdom olc. Moroovor, il oxpIains .imuiii or Iiboralion. Tloroforo,
lo dohno Buddlism as an ollicaI syslom is nol a porfocl dohnilion.
SimiIarIy, il is nol accuralo lo dohno il as a pliIosoply oillor bocauso
a pliIosoply may bo sliII ondovod vill guossvork and spocuIa-
lion. CIovor poopIo Iovo lo llink and oxpross corlain idooIogios as a
rosuIl of spocuIalion or guossvork. Tloy migll bo caIIod a pliIoso-
plor. On llo conlrary, llo Buddla praclisod and provod llings by
limsoIf for a Iong limo, and lloroforo bocamo onIigllonod llrougl
llo in-dopll visdom, vlicl aroso from lis oxporionco in praclico,
liII lo bocamo fuIIy onIigllonod by limsoIf. His onIigllonmonl vas
nol basod on any spocuIalion or guossvork, so lo vas nol a pliIoso-
plor. NovorlloIoss, vlon lo vas yol lo bo onIigllonod and vas sliII
soarcling for absoIulo knovIodgo, lo vas knovn as a Bodlisallva
vlicl moans ono vlo adloros lo knovIodgo or ono vlo Iovos and
is allaclod lo knovIodgo. Ho sav llal llo vorId is ondovod vill
sufforing i.o. lo bo born, lo bo oId, lo bo sick and lo dio olc. Ho vislod
lo froo from lloso sufforings. Ho sav llal ovorylling in llis vorId
occurs in pairs o.g. dark vorsus Iigll, lol vorsus coId, and vlon lloro
is sufforing lloro musl bo a vay oul of sufforing. Tlus lo ronouncod
convonlionaI Iifo and soarclod for llo Dlamma llal Ioads lo llo
Iiboralion from aII sufforings of llis vorId. In llis slago lo migll
bo caIIod a pliIosoplor as lo vas sliII spocuIaling or guossing, and
nol fuIIy onIigllonod.
Tlo lorm roIigion may accord vill Acariyavda Buddlism
vlicl is sliII liod lo llo concopl of Adibuddla vlicl is simiIar lo
a God. Tlis claraclorislic doos nol oxisl in Tloravda Buddlism
bocauso il is a roIigion of llo prosonl. Tloro is no roforonco noodod
lo any god. In llis vay, Tloravda Buddlism is nol a roIigion bul is
puro loaclings. Hovovor, for gonoraI undorslanding vo lavo lo uso
llo lorm roIigion in ils gonoraI moaning.
Nov Iol us Iook al llo poinl as lo lov Buddlism suils llo noods
of llo prosonl vorId` Tlis is a signihcanl and ossonliaI poinl vlicl
slouId bo undorslood bocauso any roIigion or anylling vlicl is nol
suilabIo for modorn noods is usoIoss. Somolimos il may suil curronl
noods bul a porson may nol knov lov lo clooso aplIy. Tlon lo or
slo doos nol soo ils bonohls and accordingIy may nol pay any allon-
lion lo il. Somo say llal Buddlism vas suilabIo for an ancionl socioly
or for oId poopIo. Somo ovon say llal il is suilabIo onIy aflor doall and
nol suilabIo for llo modorn vorId or poopIo of llo prosonl vorId.
Al prosonl, il is said llal vo aro in a scionlihc ago: llings aro
dovoIopod llrougl scionlihc rosoarcl. Tloro aro nov llings aII llo
limo ovoryvloro on oarll, in valor, and in air. Tloro is spoody lrans-
porlalion lo connocl llo vorId quickIy. Wo migll ask lloso quos-
lions: Wlal do vo nood` Wlal slops poopIo from aclioving lloir
vislos` Hov aro obslacIos lo bo ovorcomo` Wlon viII poopIo bo
conlonlod` olc. Ansvors can bo found in Buddlism. Horo, I prosonl
a fov in briof:
1. Lvoryono vanls lo acquiro plysicaI and monlaI lappinoss.
In ollor vords, ovoryono noods somolling vlicl viII gol rid of
plysicaI and monlaI sufforing. Ono Iooks for sucl lappinoss con-
ducivo lo bonohls in llo prosonl and in llo fuluro and aIso roquiros
sucl lappinoss for onosoIf and ollor roIalod lo soIf.
2. To succood in onos roquiromonl of plysicaI lappinoss
roIalod vill onos daiIy Iifo in llo prosonl, lo or slo slouId bo
ondovod vill llo foIIoving virluos:
(c) Uii|ncncscmpc!. ondovod vill onorgy and induslry in
oarning onos Iiving proporIy.
(|) Arc|||cscmpc!. ondovod vill valclfuInoss of llo voaIll
ono las oarnod riglloousIy.
(c) Kc|ncmiiici. associalo vill good company.
(!) Scmcji.ii. Iivo onos Iifo vill a baIancod IivoIilood accord-
ing lo onos oarning.
Wloroas lo succood in onos roquiromonl of monlaI lappinoss
as voII as lo guard onos good rosuIls of llo prosonl for llo Iongor
poriod of llo fuluro, and lo slaro sucl lappinoss vill ollors, lo or
slo slouId bo ondovod vill llo foIIoving virluos:
(c) Sc!!|-scmpc!. ondovod vill faill in rigll boIiofs.
(|) Si|c-scmpc!. ondovod vill moraIily and abandon
unvloIosomo doods.
(c) Cgc-scmpc!. ondovod vill gonorosily
(!) Pc-scmpc!. ondovod vill visdom in knoving llo
llings vlicl aro bonohciaI and doslruclivo, usofuI and usoIoss olc.
3. Grood, angor, doIusion or craving vlicl oxisl in onos
mind aro llo lindrancos lo succoss in onos good inlonlions.
4. Tloso dohIomonls can bo counloraclod by llo LigllfoId
NobIo Iall of: Scmm!iii|i. Rigll Viov, Scmmscn|cppc. Rigll
Tlougll, Scmm.c. Rigll Spoocl, Scmm|cmmcnic. Rigll Aclion,
Scmm-ji.c. Rigll IivoIilood, Scmm.mc. Rigll Lfforl, Scmmscii.
Rigll MindfuInoss and Scmmscm!|i. Rigll Conconlralion. Tlo
rosuIl of llo LigllfoId NobIo Iall is Pcrcmcii|c, or llo liglosl gain,
llal viII rohno onos mind or roclify llo faIso mind.
5. Wlon il viII bo onougl doponds on llo nocossily for
and llo IovoI of abslaining onos mind from unvloIosomonoss. Ior
inslanco, food is ossonliaI for llo body bul vlon ono consumos il
fuIIy ono viII knov llal onougl las boon oalon. Hovovor, if llo
body las lad onougl bul llo mind sliII vanls lo oal moro bocauso
llo laslo foIl so good, in corlain casos il is nol rigll lo foIIov llo
mind. Ono las lo slop llo craving of mind. Tlis is llo principIo
of conlonlmonl, of monlaI salisfaclion. Mosl crimos, corruplion
and ovon vars lako pIaco bocauso criminaIs, corruplod poopIo and
var-makors Iack monlaI conlonlmonl. Wlon a porson foIIovs llo
LigllfoId NobIo Iall lloy can abslain lloir minds and viII dovoIop
monlaI conlonlmonl. In ollor vords, lloy viII knov lloir ovn Iimils
or Iivo villin propor Iimilalions.
Dospilo individuaI noods lloro aro vidor probIoms of sociaI
and poIilicaI noods loo. Tloso ansvors can aIso bo found villin
Buddlism. Socioly musl bo ondovod vill rigll bolaviour bolvoon
paronls and cliIdron olc. as doscribod in llo Singc|c.!c suiic or llo
discourso on llo six diroclions. Tlo slalo musl supporl and promolo
sucl aclivilios as agricuIluro and lrading bocauso vlon poopIo lavo
bollor Iivos and aro lappy, many crimos sucl as llofl and robbory
viII bo roducod as doscribod in llo Kic!cnic suiic.
Wo aro luman boings in IaIi Mcnussc vlicl moans possossing
a liglor mind. AccordingIy, vo knov lov lo roason, lov lo uso
our idoas and lov lo dovoIop. Wo lavo aIroady Iofl llo slalus of ani-
maIs or viIdnoss a Iong limo ago, somo vouId say llal a difforonco
bolvoon luman boings and animaIs is llal luman boings lavo a
mind vlicl is abIo lo roason, and llal accordingIy lloy can dovoIop,
vloroas animaIs do nol lavo sucl a mind and roason and cannol
dovoIop. Hovovor, if llo civiIisalion of luman boings dovoIops onIy
suporhciaIIy or maloriaIislicaIIy vliIsl llo mind is nol dovoIopod
accordingIy, il can bo caIIod onIy suporhciaI dovoIopmonl. So ono
slouId nol nocossariIy bo proud of boing a dovoIopod boing. Tloro
aro somo vlo say llal luman boings aro sliII animaIs, vo sliII lavo
lo oal, lo dofond oursoIvos and lo roproduco, and vo lavo imporlanl
plysicaI slrucluros sucl as broalling, digosling and circuIalion of
bIood as do animaIs. Tlo difforoncos aro llal luman boings lavo
civiIisalion, sucl as Ianguago, roIigion, arls and many ollor foaluros
vlicl roocl llo minds and roasoning of luman boings. So luman
boings aro sliII a lypo of vorIdIy animaIs, and llo civiIisalion lloy
cIaim lo ovn may bo a maloriaI ono.
Tloroforo, if luman boings Iol lloir minds bo sIavos lo dohIo-
monls and craving, lloy may uso civiIisalion lo doslroy ollor civi-
Iisalions, jusl Iiko buiIding a boaulifuI lovn and doslroying il Ialor.
Tlis can bo roclihod llrougl slopping llo curronl of dohIomonls
in llo mind and by kooping up dovoIopmonl llrougl llo LigllfoId
NobIo Iall in Buddlism logollor vill llo abovomonlionod virlu-
ous Dlammas. Moroovor, Buddla aIso said llal llo LigllfoId NobIo
Iall is llo pall lo Iiboralion.
Tlo docIino of roIigion or llo doslruclion of civiIisalion may
nol nocossariIy bo causod by roIigion or civiIisalion boing nol good
in llomsoIvos. Tloy migll bo causod by poopIo nol rocognising
lloir vaIuo and nol prolocling il. Ior oxampIo, ovorybody vislos
and Iovos lo Iivo, bul if lloy do nol Iook aflor llomsoIvos voII and
bolavo approprialoIy, lloy migll bo prono lo iIInoss or slorlon lloir
Iivos. Tlo sovoroignly of a counlry if nol guardod voII may bocomo
ondangorod loo. GIobaI issuos sucl as luman riglls and froodom
aro proforrod by ovorybody and ovory counlry, bul if lloy aro nol
voII-proloclod and ondovod vill Dlamma lloy can bo simiIarIy
ondangorod. Tloroforo, vo slouId baIanco and proporIy promolo
boll Buddlism and civiIisalion al llo samo limo.
yadimcnts of _cntal-collcctcdncss
by
His Holiness Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara
_aprcmc +atriarch of Tailand
M
onlaI-coIIoclodnoss or monlaI-ovonnoss is incIudod in many
sols of Buddlisl loaclings. As llo Tlroo Trainings vo hnd
Si|c, good bolaviour, Scm!|i monlaI-coIIoclodnoss and Pc, vis-
dom or llo abiIily lo knov. In llo LigllfoId Iall lo LnIigllonmonl
vo hnd Scmmscm!|i, rigll coIIoclodnoss of mind as llo concIuding
consliluonl, and in many ollor sols of loaclings monlaI-coIIoclod-
noss is aIso found. In many Sullas or diaIoguos lloro aro aIso sayings
of llo Buddla vlicl loacl dovoIopmonl of monlaI-coIIoclodnoss. Ior
oxampIo, in a corlain passago llo Buddla said: 'O monks, dovoIop
monlaI-coIIoclodnoss, for a man vloso mind is coIIoclod and inlonl
knovs llings as lloy roaIIy aro. Tlus monlaI-coIIoclodnoss is vory
imporlanl in llo praclico of Buddlisl loaclings.
MonlaI-coIIoclodnoss, lovovor, slouId bo cuIlivalod nol onIy in
roIigious mallors bul aIso in aII gonoraI vork. CoIIoclodnoss of loarl
and mind is roquirod in aII kinds of vork, in llo gonoraI conducl of
onos Iifo as voII as in carrying oul roIigious obsorvancos.
By Scm!|i, coIIoclodnoss, ovonnoss or avaronoss, il moanl ordi-
nariIy llo sloady sollIing of llo avaronoss on an objocl of allonlion.
Tlo sollIing of llo mind in llis mannor is llo ordinary moaning of
Scm!|i vlicl is roquirod in aII kinds of vork lo bo dono: in sludy-
ing as voII as vorking.
MonlaI-coIIoclodnoss is noodod lo succood voII in doing ovory
plysicaI vork, aIso in spoaking as voII as in pIanning onos vork.
Will monlaI-coIIoclodnoss ono succoods in doing onos vork voII.
Iooking al il llis vay vo soo llal monlaI-coIIoclodnoss forms an
ossonliaI basis for aII kinds of vork. Tlis is llo gonoraI uso of monlaI-
coIIoclodnoss vlicl is noodod in sludying as voII as in doing aII
ollor kinds of vork.
Nov vo slaII laIk aboul llo dovoIopmonl of monlaI-coIIoclodnoss.
In ordor lo pul onos mind in a slalo of monlaI-ordorIinoss ono
roquiros somo praclico or lraining. Tlo ordinary monlaI-coIIoclod-
noss vlicl vo aII lavo lo a corlain dogroo is nol comprolonsivo
onougl. Tlo monlaI povor is sliII voak, slruggIing and vavoring,
il can bo oasiIy svayod by llo various llouglls and fooIings llal
pass llrougl llo mind. Tloso fooIings aro monlaI and porcoivod
conslanlIy llrougl llo oyos, llo oars, llo noso, llo longuo, llo skin
and llo mind ilsoIf, namoIy llrougl llo six organs of sonso. In llis
vay sonsuaI Iovo, lalrod and doIusion lako lurns al occupying llo
mind. WliIo llo mind, vlicl is aIroady hckIo, is boing dislurbod
by llo various fooIings monlionod abovo, il is difhcuIl lo mainlain
monlaI-coIIoclodnoss in sludying or in doing any vork.
Tloro aro lvo main objoclivos in llo dovoIopmonl of coIIoclod-
noss of mind: ono is lo noulraIiso or counlorbaIanco llo offocl of
llo prosonl arising of fooIings and dislurbancos and llo ollor is lo
dovoIop moro comprolonsivo monlaI-coIIoclodnoss so llal dislur-
bancos do nol ariso in llo fuluro.
Rogarding llo hrsl objoclivo, llo fooIing or llo dislurbanco aris-
ing in llo mind is somolimos llo fooIing of sonsuaI Iovo. As llo fooI-
ing of llis Iovo dislracls llo mind and dislurbs llo monlaI-ovonnoss,
ono musl Ioarn lo quiolon onos mind in llo faco of sonsuaI Iovo
vlicl is dolrimonlaI lo llo sludy or llo vork lo bo dono as voII as
lo bo llo kooping of onosoIf villin llo boundarios of llo Iav and
moraIily. Tlis is ono of llo llings laugll by llo Buddla: ono musl
Ioarn lo lavo a conlroIIod mind so llal il viII nol bo dislurbod by
allaclmonl lo any fooIings.
Somolimos angor arisos in llo mind, loaling il up and agilaling
il. Tlis fooIing is aIso dangorous as il is dolrimonlaI lo onos monlaI-
inlogralion. Tlus ono slouId Ioarn lo aIvays bo coIIoclod and lo bo
abIo lo quiolon llo mind in limos of angor.
Somolimos doIusion comos up, llis dohIomonl may appoar as
droamy drovsinoss, as frolfuI irrilabiIily or as monlaI uncorlainly.
Ono slouId Ioarn lo dovoIop monlaI-coIIoclodnoss and froo onos
mind from doIusion.
Nov vo como lo llo principIo of loacling monlaI dovoIopmonl
in Buddlism. During daiIy Iifo, a vay lo bring moro coIIoclodnoss lo
llo mind and lo quiolon llo mind vlon il comos undor llo povor of
sonsuaI Iovo, lalrod or doIusion monlionod proviousIy is lo clango
llo fooIing for llo mind. As il is aIroady knovn llal llo fooIing of
sonsuaI Iovo can givo riso lo Ioving fondnoss, llo fooIing slouId bo
ropIacod by a fooIing froo from sonsuaI Iovo. SonsuaI Iovo may bo
ropIacod by Ioving kindnoss, Mcii, vlicl is puro Iovo found among
frionds, roIalivos and among paronls and lloir cliIdron. Tlo samo
mollod can bo usod lo noulraIiso doIusion. DoIusion is lo bo ropIacod
by a concrolo llougll or fooIing froo from doIusion, or by kooping
onos vils aboul onosoIf.
SocondIy, ono praclisos monlaI-coIIoclodnoss in ordor lo aug-
monl and forlify onos monlaI povor and abiIily. Tlis is simiIar lo
laking plysicaI oxorciso lo incroaso plysicaI slrongll. Wlon ono
lakos plysicaI oxorciso roguIarIy onos plysicaI slrongll viII bocomo
bollor. SimiIarIy, monlaI-vloIonoss viII bocomo groalor vill roguIar
oxorciso of monlaI-coIIoclodnoss by ompIoying ono of llo mollods
for incroasing llo oslabIislmonl of monlaI-coIIoclodnoss. Tlo slabiI-
ily of monlaI-inlogralion can bo incroasod in llis vay, jusl as plysicaI
slrongll can bo incroasod by laking plysicaI oxorciso roguIarIy. Tlis
is llo lraining in monlaI-coIIoclodnoss.
Nov in llo samo mannor lloro aro lvo vays in llo dovoIop-
monl of monlaI-coIIoclodnoss. Ono of llom is for llo noulraIisalion of
llo oxisling monlaI allaclmonls or aficlions monlionod proviousIy.
Tloso vlo lavo lad roasonabIo oxporionco of monlaI-coIIoclodnoss
slouId bo abIo lo discipIino lloir mind voII and viII nol succumb
lo llo objocls of llougll arising from sonsuaI Iovo, lalrod and doIu-
sion. Tloso poopIo viII bo abIo lo caIm dovn lloir minds and koop
llom safo. Tlo monlaI objocls and dohIomonls viII causo no larm
lo lloir sludy or vork, nor lo Iav and ordor or moraIily. Bosidos,
monlaI-coIIoclodnoss is noodod in carrying oul any vork lo bo dono.
To bogin vill monlaI-logollornoss is noodod in sludying: il is aIso
noodod in roading, in vriling and in Iisloning. MonlaI-inlogralion
givos ono moro capacily for sludy and vork and llis viII onabIo ono
lo sludy bollor and lo vork bollor.
Nov, loro is a briof doscriplion of modilalion, llal is llo vay
lo dovoIop monlaI-coIIoclodnoss. Il is proscribod in llo loxls llal for
dovoIoping coIIoclodnoss of mind ono slouId sook a suilabIo pIaco
vlicl is nol subjocl lo noiso and dislurbanco. A quiol pIaco in a forosl,
al llo fool of a lroo or in a quiol buiIding is suilabIo for llo purposo.
Tlo inlonlion is lo hnd any roasonabIy poacofuI pIaco. Ono slouId llon
go lloro and sil dovn vill Iogs crossod lradilionaIIy vill llo rigll
fool on llo Iofl fool, lands aro pul on llo Iap, llo rigll land pIacod on
llo Iofl land. Tlo body slouId bo slraigll. Ono may, lovovor, sil vill
onos Iogs foIdod lo ono sido, olc. Tlis is up lo onos comforl and oaso.
Ono slouId llon cIoso llo oyos and coIIocl onos facuIlios logoll-
or and bo avaro of llo loucling sonsalion of llo broall. Ono can
knov vlollor llo broalling is in or llo broalling is oul. If il slouId
bo askod vloro ono slouId bo avaro of llis broalling in and oul,
llo ansvor vouId bo llal an oasy spol vloro ono can bo avaro of
llis is llo oulormosl poinl of onos noslriIs or llo uppor Iip vlicl
llo air louclos on boing broallod in. Tlo inlaIod air louclos llo
oulormosl poinls of llo noslriIs and llo uppor Iip vliIo llo abdo-
mon oxpands and llo oxlaIod air louclos al llo samo spols vlon
llo abdomon conlracls. LasiIy fooI llo air vlicl goos in from llo lip
of llo noslriIs lo llo abdomon vlicl oxpands, and fooI llo air going
oul from llo conlracling abdomon lo llo ond of llo noslriIs. Iirsl
gol lo knov llo procoss of broalling in and oul as doscribod abovo.
In broalling in llo broall slarls from llo noslriI cavilios and goos
lo llo svoIIing abdomon, and in broalling oul llo broall Ioavos llo
conlracling abdomon and ovs lo lip of llo noso. Tlis is knovn as
llo pall of llo vind (namoIy llo broall).
Nov il is nol nocossary lo foIIov llo broall dovn lo llo abdo-
mon, il is onIy nocossary lo rosl onos allonlion upon llo lip of llo
noso so llal ono knovs if broalling is in or oul. Ono slouId nalu-
raIIy coIIocl onos monlaI avaronoss logollor and bo conscious of
llo loucling sonsalion of llo broall. IniliaIIy, in dovoIoping llis
coIIoclod avaronoss, counling may bo usod as an aid: llus, broall-
ing in 1, broalling oul 1, broalling in 2, broalling oul 2, 33, 44,
55, 66. Back lo 1 again, llus, 11, 22 lo 77. Back lo 1 again, llus
11, 22 lo 88. Back lo 1 again, llus, 11, 22 lo 99. Back lo 1 again,
llus, 11, 22 lo 1O1O. Tlon back lo llo boginning and llus 11 lo
55, and 11 lo 66 olc. Ropoal llis counling sovoraI limos unliI
llo mind is roasonabIy coIIoclod and llo avaronoss is roasonabIy
sloady. Aflor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 olc. Wlon llo mind las bocomo
voII-coIIoclod and llo avaronoss is roaIIy ovon, ono slouId slop
counling and ono can jusl bo avaro of llo broall al llo lip of llo
noso or on llo uppor Iip.
Anollor mollod rocommondod by llo loaclors is lo say lo ono-
soIf 8u! on broalling in, and !|c on broalling oul. Tlus: 8u!-!|c,
8u!-!|c olc. D|cm-mc or Scn-g|c may bo usod in llo samo vay. Wlon
llo mind las bocomo coIIoclod, ono slops saying lo onosoIf 8u!-!|c
olc., and ono is avaro of llo air loucling llo lip of llo noso or llo
uppor Iip. Iraclico llis unliI llo mind romains coIIoclod for a Iong
vliIo. Wlal I lavo doscribod so far is onIy llo hrsl slop of llo driII.
Iol lloso inloroslod in monlaI-vloIonoss and monlaI-purily (as voII
as succoss in sludy and vork) pul llom inlo praclico.
May aII boings bo froo from onmily. May lloy bo lappy and froo
from foar.
hammacakra _adra: thc _caning
ina ,ykas
N
o roprosonlalions of llo Buddla
voro mado for aboul four or
hvo conlurios aflor llo doall of llo
Buddla. Il is somolimos said llal
prior lo llis limo il vas 'forbiddon
lo mako slaluos or picluros of llo
Buddla. Wlalovor llo roasons, llo
hrsl Buddla slaluos voro producod
in aboul llo 1
sl
or 2
nd
conlury AD in
Baclria (Afglanislan and norllorn Iakislan) porlaps as a rosuIl
of Grook inuonco, and in Mallura. Tloro is no slandard vay of
roprosonling llo Buddla vlicl may diffor according lo llo arlislic
inspiralion, llo laslos or llo iconograplicaI canons of llo diffor-
onl cuIluros in vlicl lloy aro producod. Somo foaluros lovovor
aro common lo mosl slaluos. Tlo lands of llo Buddla slaluos aro
slovn in difforonl gosluros (mu!rc), oacl indicalivo of imporlanl
llings llo Buddla did llrougloul lis Iifo.
Tlo lands noslIod in llo Iap suggosl modilalion, loId in fronl
of llo closl suggosl loacling llo Dlamma, ono land loId up vill
llo paIm facing oulvards suggosls llo giving of conhdonco or foar-
Iossnoss olc.
Tlo gosluro of loacling or Dlammacakra mudra vill boll
lands in fronl of llo closl, vill llo rigll land raising llo lips of
llo indox hngor and llo llumbs loucling, and vill llo Iofl land
raising llo lips of llo ring hngor and llo llumbs loucling las ils
spociaI signihcanco in llo lislory of llo Buddlisl arl. Tlis poso of
llo Buddla, llo Dlammacakra mudra, appoars lo lavo oxislod from
llo boginning of llo lislory of Buddlisl arl as can bo soon oarIy in
llo Gandlara poriod. Hovovor, llo pIacing of llo lands gosluro is
nol aIvays llo samo in aII Buddlisl counlrios, cuIluros and poriods.
Tloro is no univorsaI slandard of llis gosluro.
NovorlloIoss, llo fundamonlaI claraclor is llal ono or boll
lands aro raisod vill llo ono of llo lands forohngor loucling
llo llumb, making llo slapo of a circIo and Ioaving llroo hngors
slraigll. Tlis couId bo boll in a slanding or silling poso.
Dospilo rocognising llis land gosluro as loacling llo oxacl
moaning of llis symboI varios. Il diffors from cuIluro lo cuIluro or
according lo arlislic viovs. IoIIoving aro somo oxpIanalions avaiI-
abIo from difforonl sourcos:
(a) Il symboIisos llo main principIo of Buddlism viz. llo
TlroofoId Training (i.o. procopl, monlaI-dovoIopmonl and
visdom) llal Ioads lo llo uIlimalo aim of Buddlisl oman-
cipalion, Nibbana. Raising llroo hngors roprosonl llo
TlroofoId Training and llo circIo symboIisos Nibbana.
(b) Il roprosonls llo TlroofoId Training summarisod in llo
MiddIo Iall.
(c) Il symboIisos llo solling of llo vlooI of Dlamma in
molion for llo lappinoss and bonohls of aII boings Iiving
in llroo sploros (viz. llo Sonso-Sploro, llo Iorm-Sploro
and llo IormIoss-Sploro).
(d) Il signihos llo ossonco of llo Discourso on Solling in Molion
llo WlooI of Dlamma (Dlammacakkappavallana Sulla),
llo Iirsl Sormon of llo Buddla. Raising llroo hngors
impIios llo Tlroo Ialls viz. llo Iall of SoIfInduIgonco,
llo Iall of SoIf-Morlihcalion, and llo MiddIo Iall or llo
LigllfoId NobIo Iall. Il dravs upon llo inslruclion llal
ono slouId avoid llo Iall of SoIf-InduIgonco and Iall of
SoIf-Morlihcalion bul slouId foIIov llo MiddIo Iall llal
Ioads foIIovors lo hnaI Iiboralion or Nibbana.
In llo croalion of llo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra, llo scuIplor
brougll logollor llo originaI Gandlara arlislic slyIo of llo loacl-
ing poso appIiod vill Suklollai and modorn Ralanakosin arls of
TlaiIand. Tlo imago is casl in bronzo vill llo mixluro of puro goId.
Il is mado by llo 'Iosl vax procoss, vloro a vax imago is croalod,
llon coalod vill a pIaslicino basod mouId vlicl is subsoquonlIy
bakod aIIoving llo vax lo moIl and drain avay, ropIacing il vill
moIlon molaI. Tlo hnislod imago is llon giIdod and adornod vill
puro goId Ioaf (for dolaiI soo llo arlicIo on llo procoss of casling a
Buddla imago pp. 4249).
Tlo Dlammacakra mudra poso indicalos llo ovonl vlon llo
Buddla gavo llo Iirsl Sormon aflor lis onIigllonmonl lo llo Iivo
Ascolics al Isipalana door park noar Varanasi, sovon vooks aflor lis
onIigllonmonl. Tlo discourso vas namod Dlammacakkappaval-
lana sulla or discourso on solling llo
vlooI of Dlamma in molion. (Tlo
originaI discourso in IaIi and ils lrans-
Ialion can bo road in llo clanling parl
of llis book).
Il is oflon said llal Buddlisls
vorslip slaluos, in llo sonso llal
lloy boIiovo llal Buddla slaluos
acluaIIy aro llo Buddla or llal lloy
lavo somo inloronl povor. Bul sucl
idoas aro quilo incorrocl. Buddlisls do
nol 'vorslip Buddla slaluos bul lloy aro
soon as symboIs llal can bo loIpfuI in cro-
aling dovolion, upIifling llo mind and focus-
ing allonlion. In parlicuIar, lloy roprosonl llo
absoIulo virluos of llo Buddla vlicl Buddlisls
rocilo lo romind llomsoIvos of sucl virluos and lo gain
inspiralion lo dovoIop lloso virluos villin llomsoIvos.
+roccss of [asting a addha _tatac:
A case study of Phra Buddha hammacakra
_aramol ,chsacorn
Yakhonthorn [harocnsak
T
loro aro llroo main slops in llo procoss of casling a Buddla
slaluo: (1) ScuIpluring a cIay mouId, (2) ScuIpluring a boosvax
mouId and (3) MolaI (goId) casling.
Stcp 1: ScuIpturing a cIay mnuId
Tlis slop bogins vill draving llo hguro of llo Buddla imago
on llo papor lo caIcuIalo llo sizo of llo imago and lo hnd llo
posilion lo pul llo supporling slooI. Tlon llo scuIplor skolclos
llo llroo-dimonsionaI modoI using pIaslicino and oxpands llo
modoI lo llo dosirod sizo. Tlo sizo of P|rc 8u!!|c D|cmmccc|rc is
llo doubIo sizo of ordinary poopIo, using llo ralio of 1:1O from llo
originaI modoI.
Tlo ancionl loclniquo of scuIpluring llo Buddla imago nor-
maIIy appIios llo naluraI cIay lo buiId a cIay mouId. If llo scuIplors
vanl llo mouId lo bo durabIo and Iong Iasling, lloy viII mix llo
cIay vill somo ingrodionls, sucl as slrav papor or bark papor. In
TlaiIand, llo good-quaIily cIay for scuIpluring llo cIay mouId is llo
cIay from Sarmkok aroa in Iallumllani provinco.
To proparo llo cIay for scuIpluring llo Buddla imago, llo scuIp-
lors pound llo cIay and pul il in valor. Tlon llo cIay is mixod vill
siflod sand and valor in llo approprialo ralio. Tlo lypicaI ralio of
llo mixluro of siflod sand and cIay is 5:1 (5 porlions of siflod sand
lo 1 porlion of cIay), 3:2, or 2:1 doponding on llo quaIily of llo cIay
(normaI ralio is 5:1). Aflor llal llo mixluro of cIay and siflod sand is
ground or sloppod on lo mako llo compIolo mixluro of llo ingro-
dionls. Tlon llo scuIplor buiIds llo supporling slooI slrucluro by
pulling llo cross-slapo iron coro insido llo cIay mouId in ordor lo
mako a rougl-lovn modoI (in Tlai caIIod rccp ||cnc) and Ioaving il
for sovon days boforo moving lo llo mouIding slago (soo Iig 1).
In llo mouIding slago, llo scuIplor usos llo proparod cIay lo
mouId on llo rougl-lovn modoI or rccp ||cnc. Tlis slago roquiros
skiIfuI scuIplors, vlo roaIIy undorsland and pul lloir souI in llo
arl-vork in ordor lo croalo a boaulifuI, oIoganl, and doIicalo vork.
Tlo Iasl slago in llo hrsl slop of cIay mouIding is lo rohno on aII
llo dolaiI of llo mouId. Tlon llo scuIplor viII spray valor on llo
mouId and covor il vill vol cIoll and pIaslic lo prolocl llo mouId
from golling dry. Tlis slop of buiIding cIay mouId normaIIy lakos
al Ioasl ono and a laIf lo lvo monlls.
Stcp 2: ScuIpturing a bccswax mnuId
Tloro aro lvo difforonl loclniquos of scuIpluring a boosvax
mouId: Iioco mouId and Doslroying mouId. As in llo croalion of
P|rc 8u!!|c D|cmmccc|rc llo scuIplors appIiod llo Iallor mollod i.o.
'doslroying mouId and llo foIIoving aro llo dolaiI of llo procoss of
making a 'doslroying mouId.
2.1 Spocifying llo posilion lo divido llo mouId inlo lvo parls
and laving llo oponing parl, vloro llo scuIplor can uso lo romovo
llo cIay from llo mouId.
2.2 Iulling llo llin zinc slool, cul in a smaII roclanguIar
slapo, in llo spocihod posilion (from Slop 2.1) on llo mouId and
coaling vill pIaslor of Iaris. Tlon llo scuIplor viII pul anollor Iayor
of pIaslor of Iaris lo llo Iino of llo zinc slool and pul llo slooI rod
lo slrongllon llo pIaslor mouId. Aflor llal llo scuIplor viII pul llo
comonl mixod vill coconul hbro al llo connoclion Iino of llo slooI.
Aflor llo comonl congoaIs, llo scuIplor viII romovo llo cIay and llo
supporling slooI from llo mouId and uso a vol spongo lo cIoan llo
pIaslor of Iaris mouId (soo Iig 3).
2.3 Iaying dovn llo mouId, using bricks lo supporl llo
mouId, and appIying llo cIay valor and Iiquid soap on llo mouId.
Tlon llo scuIplor viII uso brusl lo dry llo mouId.
2.4 IoIIovod by pouring llo boosvax inlo llo mouId and
pulling llo mouId on llo smooll maloriaI. Tlon llo scuIplor viII
hII llo coro of llo mouId vill llo pIaslor-comonl mixod vill llo
sand and Ioavo il for ono day. Wlon llo comonl congoaIs, llo scuIp-
lor viII romovo llo comonl mouId bIock and gol llo boosvax mouId
(soo Iig 5).
2.5 Rohning llo boosvax mouId. Tlis slago noods a doIicalo
vork lo mako llo boosvax mouId boaulifuI and rosombIo llo origi-
naI modoI. Tlo moro boaulifuI and doIicalo vork of llis slago, llo
nicor llo hnaI rosuIl viII bo.
2.6 Making llo drain for roIoasing llo boosvax and lo bo llo
poinl for hIIing in llo Iiquid molaI.
Stcp 3: MctaI (gnId) Casting
Tlo molaI llal is commonIy usod in llis slop of casling is
brass, coppor, or bronzo. Tlo scuIplor moIls llo molaI and pours
il in llo mouId. Tlis casling slop is normaIIy caIIod in Tlai gc|!
pcuring. GonoraIIy, llo casling is dono vill a roIigious coromony.
IoIIoving aro llo summarisalion of llo procoss of casling P|rc
8u!!|c D|cmmccc|rc or llo procoss of gc|! pcuring.
3.1 Moving llo boosvax mouId lo llo gc|! pcuring aroa and
making llo kiIn by digging a loIo around 7O conlimolros dopll. Tlon
llo scuIplor viII pul llo boosvax mouId in llo loIo in an upsido-dovn
posilion, opon lvo sidos of llo kiIn and cIoso llo lop parl of llo kiIn
vill a zinc slool lo conlroI llo hro (llis is caIIod pi!-|c|cn).
3.2 Boforo llo brass is pourod, llo mouId is bakod. Tlo vax
Iayor insido viII moIl and ov oul of llo mouId, Ioaving llo slapo
of llo Buddlas imago insido llo mouId. Tlis slago is caIIod sccn
||cc pucng (or omplying llo boosvax) (soo Iig 6). Aflor llo boosvax
is romovod, llo aroa insido llo mouId bIock is omply and viII bo
ropIacod by llo Iiquid molaI (soo Iig 7).
3.3 MoIling llo molaI (llis slago is normaIIy caIIod sccm
i|cng cr moIling goId). To moIl llo molaI for casling P|rc 8u!!|c
D|cmmccc|rc, llo scuIplors mado four kiIns and proparo llo hro llal
can bo conlroIIod in llo IovoIs of loal from 1OO2OO CoIsius (lo moIl
llo boosvax) and lo 1,5OO1,8OO CoIsius (for brass pouring). Tlis
slago of baking lakos around 34 days.
3.4 Tlo amounl of llo roquirod molaI can bo oslimalod from
llo amounl of boosvax usod in Slop 2 bocauso llo Iiquid molaI viII
ropIaco llo boosvax in llo mouId bIock. NormaIIy ono kiIogram of
boosvax is ropIacod by 1OO grams of brass or moro llan 1OO grams
for coppor. Moroovor, llo amounl of roquirod boosvax and molaI
can bo usod lo oslimalo llo amounl of roquirod fuoI. Tlo limo sponl
lo moIl llo molaI is around 812 lours.
In Tlai cuIluro, llo gc|! pcuring coromony is lypicaIIy arrangod
al llo auspicious limo. Nino lo lon monks and ono Bralmin aro
invilod lo porform llo coromony. WliIo llo Bralmin priosl porforms
llo proIiminary rilo of llo gc|! pcuring coromony llo scuIplors aIso
porform a rilo of vorslipping loaclors. Aflor llo monks clanl, llo
clairporson of llo coromony viII slarl pouring llo Iiquid molaI al
llo auspicious limo. Tlo hrsl parl lo rocoivo llo moIlod bronzo is
llo lopmosl parl of llo load. Tlo gc|! pcuring coromony is vory sig-
nihcanl lo llo poopIo vlo aro prosonl as il is considorod a liglIy
morilorious dood. Somo palrons llrov lloir ovn goId ornamonls
inlo llo moIling pol so llal il bocomos parl of llo rosuIling imago.
3.5 Aflor llo bronzo cooIs dovn (laking around 23 days), llo
craflsman knocks llo oulor comonl Iayors and supporling slooI off lo
rovoaI a bronzo slaluo vlicl Iooks oxaclIy Iiko llo vax ropIica.
3.6 GoId giIding is llo Iasl slago in casling a Buddla imago:
3.6.1 CIoan llo imago, poIisl il vill sandpapor around 23
limos, Ioavo il dry, and coal il vill Iacquor.
3.6.2 Spray coIour on llo imago, Ioavo il dry, rohno il vill pIas-
lic coIour and Ioavo il dry for lvo days.
3.6.3 IoIisl llo imago vill hno vol sandpapor and Ioavo il dry.
Tloso slops nood ropoaling lo gol a hno hnisl producl.
3.6.4 Al llo hnaI slago, painl llo imago vill oiI painl on llo
assignod aroa, Ioavo il dry (around 56 lours), giId il vill 1OO goId
Ioaf, and vipo il vill collon. Tlis givos a porfocl goIdon Buddla
imago roady for pIacomonl in lompIos or roIigious pIacos. Hovovor,
lo mako il sacrod and roIigious objocl of vonoralion lloro viII bo
a consocralion coromony of llo Buddla aflor llo pIacomonl of llo
Buddla al ils nov posilion.
Tc +roccss of [asting a addha imagc
Iig. 1: ScuIpluring a cIay mouId sloving llo analomy
Iig. 2: A cIay mouId of Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra
Iig. 3: Covoring llo scuIpluro vill IIaslor of Iaris
(making a 'doslroying mouId)
(Making of llo Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra appIios llis loclniquo)
a. Making a pIaslicino mouId and loId-
ing il logollor vill a slooI framo
b. Lmplying oul llo
mouId by romov-
ing cIay and sup-
porling slooI
c. IiII llo omply mouId
vill pIaslicino ropIac-
ing llo cIay and doslroy
llo oulor mouId
Iig. 4: Making a 'pioco mouId
Aflor soporalion of llo mouId
(nogalivo), hII llo mouId vill
vax vlicl viII bo ropIacod
vill molaI in casling
Iig. 5: ScuIpluring a boosvax mouId
naiIs loIding innor and
oulor Iayors of cIay
slooI framos
oulorcovor
piocos
oulorcovor
piocos
oulor cIay
kaoIin + cov-dung
kaoIin + sand (1:3)
cIay + sand (1:4)
cIay + sand (1:3)
innor cIay:
pIaslicino 1 parl
brick 3 parls
b. bako vill ligl
loal liII llo mouId
is compIoloIy run
oul of air-gaps
pIug in llo
vax drainago
dismanlIo llo kiIn
a. graduaIIy bako
llo mouId lo
omply llo vax
SlooI lo loId
baking imago
oulor cIay
kiIn for baking
llo imago
Iig. 6: Lmplying boosvax from llo mouId
Iig. 7: Casling
baso vax
molaI air
Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra aflor boing giIdod vill puro goId Ioaf
(Sizo: Hoigll 258 cm, Widll 19O cm, Dopll 14O cm)
Sculptors
Namc : Asst. PrnIcssnr Vichai Sithiratn
Bnrn : 1947
Educatinn
1972 : B.I.A. ScuIpluro (Hons.), SiIpakorn Univorsily, Bangkok
: M.I.A. ScuIpluro, Gradualo SclooI, SiIpakorn Univorsily
Exhibitinns
1972 : Conlomporary Arls Lxlibilion by Tlai Arlisls, Coponlagon
197478 : 22
nd
, 23
rd
, 24
ll
, 25
ll
NalionaI Arl Lxlibilion, Bangkok
ScuIplor, Assl. Irofossor Viclai Silliraln scuIpluring llo
Ilra Buddla Dlammacakra
1985 : Lxlibilion of Tlai Arl, Ioking, Clina
1986 : Conlomporary Asoan Arl Lxlibilion, Iukuoka, }apan & SoouI, Koroa
1987 : WorId InvilalionaI Opon-Air ScuIpluro Lxlibilion, SoouI Koroa
1993 : Buddla imagos, ScuIpluro and Draving, AuslraIia
197797 : 1
sl
12
ll
Arl Lxlibilion by llo Mombors of llo IacuIly of Iainling
ScuIpluro and Graplic Arls, SiIpakorn Univorsily
1998 : Tlai Vision I, CaI IoIy Univorsily, USA
2OOO : Tlai Conlomporary Arl, Sainl Iuis, USA
: Tlai-IlaIian Arl Spaco 2OOO, SiIpakorn Univorsily Arl GaIIory, Bangkok
2OO1 : 'Accordi DiIuco Orionlo Doccidonlo Musoo NazionaIo Darlo
OrionlaIo, Roma, IlaIy
Awards and HnnnrabIc
1976 : 3
rd
Irizo (ScuIpluro), Lxlibilion of Arl 1976, MolropoIilan Bank,
Bangkok
1977 : 2
nd
Irizo (ScuIpluro), 24
ll
1978 : 3
rd
Irizo (ScuIpluro), 25
ll
199O : P|rc 8u!!|c Surici|ci Kiii|ucumcng|c|. A Buddla imago
scuIplurod on llo occasion of llo coIobralion of llo 5
ll
cycIo
birllday of Hor Majosly Quoon Sirikil
: Buddla Soalod Undor Naga, for Irincoss Mala Clakri Sirindlorn
Ioundalion
1991 : Ilra Ilairi Iinal, A Buddla Imago mado for llo Univorsily
Tlai Iarmors Bank on llo occasion of llo 5
ll
cycIo birllday of
Hor Majosly Quoon Sirikil
1999 : Buddla Imagos dodicalod lo llo birllday of His Majosly
llo Kings paronls, as a royaI visl of His Majosly
King BlumiboI AduIyadoj of TlaiIand
Namc Mr. Somkuan OumlrakuI
Bnrn 1956
Educatinn IacuIly of Iainling, ScuIpluro and Graplic Arls, SiIpakorn
Univorsily Arls, SiIpakorn Univorsily
Occupatinn ScuIplor, ScuIpluro Division, Iino Arls Doparlmonl
Expcricnccs SovoraI slaluos and monumonls in TlaiIand
RnIc An assislanl scuIplor
Namc Mr. Ilaradorn Cloodcloo
Bnrn 1969
Univorsily
Occupatinn ScuIplor, ScuIpluro Division, Iino Arls Doparlmonl
Namc Mr. Iongplan Clanlanamalla
Bnrn 1974
Univorsily
Occupatinn ScuIplor, Arls Inslilulo, Iino Arls Doparlmonl
Expcricnccs Tlo BIind and Arl Irojocl al llo SclooI of llo BIind, Bangkok
Tlo Horso ScuIpluro, Suplunburi Tovor
SovoraI Wax ScuIpluros, Suplunburi Musoum
Namc Miss YukloIllorn Claroonsuk
Bnrn 1975
Univorsily
Occupatinn ScuIplor, Arls Inslilulo Iino Arls Doparlmonl
Expcricnccs Tlo joinl Tlai }apanoso Croalivo Arls Irojocl
Tlo BIind and Arls Irojocl
Namc Mr. Saravul Sungrungclolo
Bnrn 1972
Univorsily
Occupatinn Indopondonl ScuIplor
Expcricnccs Lxlibilion of sludonls of llo IacuIly of Iainling, SiIpakorn
Univorsily
OriginaI CIay mouId of Ilra Buddla
Dlammacakra
istory of thc _amatha Trast
r. +aal cnnison
I
n llo oarIy 196Os, Nai Boonman Ioonyalliro, a formor Buddlisl
monk in TlaiIand for ovor 15 yoars, lad como lo LngIand vloro
lo vas allaclod lo llo Iinanco Ofhco of llo RoyaI Tlai Lmbassy. Ho
pIayod an aclivo roIo in oslabIisling llo hrsl Tlai TompIo in LngIand,
al Sloon in Iondon, vlicl many yoars Ialor movod lo WimbIodon
llo prosonl-day Buddlapadipa TompIo. Hoaring of lis oxporionco
and oxporl knovIodgo of Anapanasali modilalion, and parlicuIarIy
Samalla modilalion, Buddlisls in Iondon invilod lim in 1963 lo
loacl modilalion al llo Hampsload Buddlisl Vilara.
Tlo Iondon cIass vas popuIar, and Ialor llo samo yoar Nai
Boonman vas invilod lo slarl anollor cIass in Cambridgo for llo
Cambridgo Univorsily Buddlisl Socioly. (Tloso samalla cIassos
lavo conlinuod in an unbrokon Iino in Cambridgo rigll up lo llo
prosonl limo 38 yoars up lo 2OO1). A numbor of Nai Boonmans
sludonls voro povorfuIIy inuoncod by lis loacling as voII as gain-
ing oxporionco of roIalod modilalion praclicos from ollor ominonl
loaclors, parlicuIarIy Tibolan, in LngIand al llal limo. RoaIizing
llal llo Tlai lradilion inlroducod by Nai Boonman vas parlicuIarIy
suilabIo for Woslornors, lloso sludonls, logollor vill Nai Boonman,
foundod llo Samalla Trusl in 1974. Tlo Samalla Trusl is a non-
prohl-making clarilabIo and oducalionaI foundalion lo foslor llo
loacling and praclico of llis lradilionaI and originaIIy Tlai form of
modilalion., anapanasali, samalla-vipassana.
Ono of Nai Boonmans groalosl skiIIs vas in lraining and
oncouraging lis modilalion sludonls llomsoIvos lo bogin lo loacl
modilalion as lloy gainod onougl oxporionco, Ianco Cousins and
IauI Donnison voro llo hrsl lo loacl foIIoving Nai Boonmans
rolurn lo TlaiIand. Tlal hrsl gonoralion of loaclors in lurn laugll
ollors, so llal al llo prosonl limo (2OO1) lloro aro approximaloIy
5O loaclors vlo lavo aII boon lrainod undor llo auspicos of llo
Samalla Trusl. CIassos aro loId in ovor 2O rogionaI Iocalions around
LngIand, incIuding Iondon, Mancloslor, Cambridgo and Oxford, as
voII as in WaIos and CaIifornia, USA.
A NatinnaI Mcditatinn Ccntrc
Tlo main aim of llo Trusl from ils boginning vas lo oslabIisl
a nalionaI modilalion conlro, and mombors donalions voro sIovIy
coIIoclod ovor llo yoars. Iirsl a rogionaI conlro vas oslabIislod in
Mancloslor in llo 197Os, and llon in 1987 a major AppoaI vas mado
for funds lo buy Groonslroolo Iarm in Iovys, WaIos, vill ovor 8O
acros of Iand and voodIand. Tlis proporly vas fundod onliroIy
from mombors donalions, incIuding a groal doaI of vork vlicl
vas noodod lo improvo and convorl llo buiIdings lo bo suilabIo as a
modilalion conlro. AII llo vork vas carriod oul by mombors llom-
soIvos. In 199496, llo originaI farm barn vas compIoloIy robuiIl and
dovoIopod inlo a boaulifuI and spacious Slrino HaII a Iargo main
slrino laII, a smaIIor slrino room, and a Iibrary.
Grand Opcning nI thc Shrinc HaII
Tlo nov Slrino HaII vas formaIIy oponod in Augusl 1996. Tlo
lvo days of coromonios, dlamma laIks and bIossings voro allondod
by Nai Boonman lis hrsl visil lo LngIand sinco 1974 and sonior
roprosonlalivos of llo Sangla from LngIand, TlaiIand, Sri Ianka,
Cambodia and Burma, as voII as ovor 3OO Samalla mombors and
frionds. Tloso coromonios incIudod a visil lo llo Conlro by ominonl
CoyIonoso monks boaring RoIics of llo Buddla, vlicl lloy voro
lransporling lo llo USA on a vorId lour, and lloso monks por-
formod a nigll-Iong clanling coromony of bIossing.
Tlo boaulifuI surroundings of llo Conlro aro vory suilabIo for
doop and inlonsivo modilalion praclico, and coursos and poriods
of inlonsivo praclico lypicaIIy 13 vooks in duralion aro loId
during llo yoar, as voII as ollor aclivilios incIuding groups vlicl
sludy ablidlamma, sulla-sludy groups, and groups vlicl praclico
clanling. Tlo grounds aro oxlonsivo and aro sIovIy dovoIoping inlo
a naluro rosorvo for birds and ollor smaII naluraI viIdIifo. Tvo for-
osl aroas provido spaco for ouldoor and vaIking modilalion, and
spaco for a numbor of modilalion luls, as voII as llo accommoda-
lion of llo main louso. ApproximaloIy 3OO4OO poopIo nov praclico
modilalion undor llo auspicos of llo Samalla Trusl, poopIo from aII
vaIks of Iifo mon and vomon lousoloIdors, loaclors, businoss-
poopIo, doclors, sludonls, and aII ago groups. Somo mombors lavo
sponl poriods of limo in Buddlisl counlrios, and so far lvo mombors
lavo ordainod as monks in TlaiIand for various poriods. Tlo Trusl
and ils mombors aIso koop cIoso Iinks vill various mombors of llo
Sangla of difforonl counlrios
RcIics nI thc Buddha
LarIy in 2OOO a numbor of roIics of llo Buddla voro rocoivod in
TlaiIand from Kusinara, India, lo bo dislribulod lo lompIos llrougl-
oul TlaiIand, and vorIdvido. Tlo Samalla Conlro lad llo groal lon-
our lo rocoivo 9 roIics in llo coromonios al Wal Ilra Rama 9 vlicl
look pIaco from 29 ApriI lo 1 May 2OOO. IauI Donnison, Clairman
of llo Samalla Trusl, accompaniod by Nai Boonman, rocoivod llo
roIics on bolaIf of llo Trusl and carriod llom back lo LngIand lo llo
Samalla Conlro.
Phra Buddha Dhammacakra
Tlo projocl in TlaiIand lo croalo a Buddla imago lo bo inslaIIod
al llo Samalla Conlro las dovoIopod sloadiIy vill inspirod supporl
from Wal Ilra Rama 9, from Tan Suvil and ollor ominonl monks,
and many Iay supporlors. Tlo arlisl commissionod lo croalo llo
Imago vas llo ominonl scuIplor and arlisl Irofossor Viclai Silliraln
of SiIpakorn Univorsily, Bangkok.
Tlo Sanglaraja limsoIf suggoslod llo Dlammacakra mudra
llo loacling or 'lurning of llo vlooI of llo dlamma posluro
vlicl symboIisos llo Buddlas Iirsl Sormon as approprialo lo
llis imporlanl and auspicious gifl lo LngIisl Buddlisls and llo
Samalla Conlro. Tlo hrsl slago of llo casling look pIaco in }anuary
2OO1, of llo vlooI lo bo pIacod bolind llo load of llo Buddla Imago.
Nino mombors of llo Samalla organisalion lravoIIod lo Bangkok
lo lako parl in llo coromonios, vlicl Nai Boonman and lis famiIy
aIso allondod. A fov days prior lo llo casling Dr. Irancis Borosford,
a Iong-slanding samalla modilalor from LngIand, ordainod as Ilra
Irancis Buddlaballikko al Wal Ilra Rama 9 and vas aIso prosonl
al llo coromonios.
Samatha Trust Thai RcIatinnships
As lloso ovonls lavo unfoIdod, many llroads lavo omorgod of
connoclions bolvoon LngIisl and Tlai Buddlisls invoIvod in lloso
various projocls. Tlo main connoclion vas llal oslabIislod by Nai
Boonmans slay in LngIand from 1963 lo 1974, vlicl sol llis vloIo
lrain of ovonls inlo molion, aIllougl karmic connoclions undoubl-
odIy voro prosonl boforo vlicl Iod llo LngIisl sludonls lo bocomo
dravn lo Buddlisl praclico in llo hrsl pIaco.
Tlo Cambridgo, Iondon and Mancloslor branclos of llo
Samalla organisalion lavo lad slrong connoclions lo Tlai Buddlisl
praclico ovor llo yoars, vill sovoraI mombors slaying in TlaiIand for
varying poriods lo doopon lloir modilalion praclico.
Dospilo numorous Dlammic noxus bolvoon Buddlisls of
TlaiIand and LngIand llo muluaI roIalionslips lavo aIso dovoIopod
on various ollor hoIds incIuding on llo porsonaI IovoI. Tlo prosonl
Clairman of llo Trusl marriod a Tlai in 1967 and lad businoss con-
noclions vill TlaiIand for many yoars, as voII as ordaining for a
poriod as Ilra IauI Tlanissaro in 1992. In llis vay, llo noxus vlicl
voro aIroady oxisl furllor slrongllon and as a kammic rosuIl nov
noxus aro furllor inlroducod.
Te current trustees of the Samatha Trust
Nai Boonman Ioonyalliro Ioundor mombor
Dr. IauI Donnison
(C|cirmcn)
Ioundor mombor, Iormor Univorsily Iocluror in
Radio Aslronomy and curronlIy a psyclollorapisl
Ianco Cousins
(Icrmcr jcini-C|cirmcn)
Ioundor mombor, Iormor Univorsily Sonior
Iocluror in Buddlism and Ablidlamma Sludios
David HaII (Sccrcicr) Isyclollorapisl
Clris GiIclrisl Ioundor mombor, IinanciaI consuIlanl
ClarIos Slav Ioundor mombor, Univorsily adminislralor
Usla McNab Mallomalics loaclor
Ial Warron ScuIplor
Nai Boonman Ioonyalliro, foundor mombor of Samalla Trusl cIipping llo lair of
Dr. Irancis Borosford, a proIiminary rilo of onloring a monklood al Wal Ilra Rama 9,
Bangkok, TlaiIand.
[hanting for
thc +hra addha hammacakra
Principal Buddha-shrine of the Samatha Centre
On the auspicious occasion of
the Placement and Inauguration Ceremony
Tursday, 23rd ]une 2001
Pubbabhganamakra
(Tlo IroIiminary Iassago for Rovoring)
Namn tassa bhagavatn arahatn sammsambuddhassa.
Homago lo llo BIossod Ono, llo Worlly Ono,
llo IuIIy LnIigllonod Ono.
Sarangamanapha
(Iassago on llo Tlroo Rofugos)
Buddham saranam gacchmi. To llo Buddla I go for rofugo.
Dhammam saranam gacchmi. To llo Dlamma I go for rofugo.
Sangham saranam gacchmi. To llo Sangla I go for rofugo.
Dutiyampi buddham saranam
gacchmi.
Ior llo socond limo lo llo
Buddla I go for rofugo.
Dutiyampi dhammam saranam
gacchmi.
Dlamma I go for rofugo.
Dutiyampi sangham saranam
gacchmi.
Sangla I go for rofugo.
Tatiyampi buddham saranam
gacchmi.
Ior llo llird limo lo llo Buddla
I go for rofugo.
Tatiyampi dhammam saranam
gacchmi.
Ior llo llird limo lo llo
Dlamma I go for rofugo.
Tatiyampi sangham saranam
gacchmi.
Ior llo llird limo lo llo Sangla
I go for rofugo.
Saccakiriygth
(Vorsos on llo Assovoralions of Trull)
Natthi mc saranam aam,
Buddhn mc saranam varam.
Etcna saccavajjcna,
Sntthi tc hntu sabbad.
Ior mo lloro is no ollor rofugo,
Tlo Buddla lruIy is my rofugo,
By llo spoaking of llis lrull
Lvor may you bo in safoly.
Dhammn mc saranam varam.
Etcna saccavajjcna,
Sanghn mc saranam varam.
Etcna saccavajjcna,
Tlo Dlamma lruIy is my rofugo,
Tlo Sangla lruIy is my rofugo,
Mahkruniknnthntidigth
(Vorsos on llo Iord of Compassion)
Mahkrunikn nthn,
Atthya sabbapninam.
Prctv prami sabb,
Pattn sambndhimuttamam.
Etcna saccavajjcna,
M hnntu sabbupaddav.
Mahkrunikn nthn,
Hitya sabbapninam.
Prctv pram sabb,
Etcna saccavajjcna,
Mahkrunikn nthn,
Sukhya sabbapninam.
Prctv pram sabb,
Etcna saccavajjcna,
Tlo Iord groalIy compassionalo
for llo bonohl of aII Iiving boings,
laving fuIhIIod aII llo Iorfoclions
allainod by limsoIf llo liglosl
Bodli,
By llo spoaking of llis lrull,
may aII obslacIos coaso lo bo.
for llo voIfaro of aII Iiving boings,
Bodli,
for llo lappinoss of aII Iiving boings,
Bodli,
Evam mc sutam. Ekam samayam
bhagav, brnasiyam viharati,
isipatanc migadyc. Tatra khn
bhagav pacavaggiyc bhikkhu
mantcsi.
Dvcmc bhikkhavc ant
pabbajjitcna na scvitabb, yn
cyam kmcsu kmasukha-
IIiknuyngn, hnn gammn
pnthujjanikn anariyn
anatthasahitn, yn cyam
attakiIamathnuyngn, dukkhn
anariyn anatthasahitn. Etc tc
bhikkhavc ubhn antc anupag-
amma, majjhim paipad
tathgatcna abhisambuddh,
cakkhukaran nakaran
upasamya abhiya sambnd-
hya nibbnya samvattati.
Katam ca s bhikkhavc
majjhim paipad tathgatcna
abhisambuddh, cakkhuka-
ran nakaran upasamya
abhiya sambndhya
nibbnya samvattati, ayamcva
ariyn ahangikn maggn.
Dhammacakkappavattanasuttam
(Discourso on Solling llo WlooI of Dlamma in Molion)
I lavo loard llal on ono occasion
llo BIossod Ono vas slaying al
Varanasi in llo Gamo Rofugo al
Isipalana. Tloro lo addrossod llo
group of hvo monks:
Tloro aro lloso lvo oxlromos llal
aro nol lo bo induIgod in by ono
vlo las gono forll. Wlicl lvo`
Tlal vlicl is dovolod lo sonsuaI
pIoasuro vill roforonco lo sonsuaI
objocls: baso, vuIgar, common,
ignobIo, unprohlabIo, and llal
vlicl is dovolod lo soIf-aficlion:
painfuI, ignobIo, unprohlabIo.
Avoiding boll of lloso oxlromos,
llo middIo vay roaIizod by llo
Tallagala producing vision,
producing knovIodgo Ioads lo
caIm, lo dirocl knovIodgo, lo soIf-
avakoning, lo Unbinding.
And vlal is llo middIo vay roaI-
izod by llo Tallagala llal pro-
ducing vision, producing knov-
Iodgo Ioads lo caIm, lo dirocl
knovIodgo, lo soIf-avakoning, lo
Unbinding` IrocisoIy llis NobIo
LigllfoId Iall: rigll viov, rigll
Scyyathdam. Sammdihi
sammsankappn, sammvc
sammkammantn samm-jvn,
sammvymn sammsati
sammsamdhi. Ayam khn s
bhikkhavc majjhimpaipad
tathgatcna abhisambuddh,
cakkhukaran nakaran
upasamya abhiya sambnd-
hya nibbnya samvattati.
Idam khn pana bhikkhavc
dukkham ariyasaccam. Jtipi
dukkh jarpi dukkh
maranampi dukkham, snka-
paridcvadukkhadnmanas-
supyspi dukkh, appi-
ychi sampayngn dukkhn
piychi vippayngn dukkhn
yampiccham na Iabhati
tampi dukkham, sankhit-
tcna pacupdnakkhandh
dukkh.
dukkhasamudayn ariyasaccam.
Yyam tanh pnnnbbhavik
nandirgasahagat tatra tatr-
bhinandin. Scyyathdam.
Kmatanh bhavatanh vibha-
vatanh.
rosoIvo, rigll spoocl, rigll aclion,
rigll IivoIilood, rigll offorl, rigll
mindfuInoss, rigll conconlralion.
Tlis is llo middIo vay roaIizod by
llo Tallagala llal producing
vision, producing knovIodgo
Ioads lo caIm, lo dirocl knovIodgo,
lo soIf-avakoning, lo Unbinding.
Nov llis, monks, is llo nobIo
lrull of slross: Birll is slrossfuI,
aging is slrossfuI, doall is slrossfuI,
sorrov, Iamonlalion, pain, dislross,
& dospair aro slrossfuI, associalion
vill llo unboIovod is slrossfuI,
soparalion from llo Iovod is slross-
fuI, nol golling vlal is vanlod is
slrossfuI. In slorl, llo hvo aggro-
galos of cIinging / suslonanco aro
slrossfuI.
And llis, monks, is llo nobIo
lrull of llo originalion of slross:
llo craving llal makos for furllor
bocoming accompaniod by pas-
sion & doIigll, roIisling nov loro
& nov lloro i.o., craving for son-
suaI pIoasuro, craving for bocom-
ing, craving for nonbocoming.
dukkhanirndhn ariyasaccam. Yn
tassycva tanhya ascsavirga-
nirndhn cgn painissaggn mutti
anIayn.
dukkhanirndhagmin pai-
pad ariyasaccam, ayamcva ariyn
ahangikn maggn. Scyyathdam.
Sammdihi sammsankappn,
sammvc sammkammantn
samm-jvn, sammvymn
sammsati sammsamdhi.
Idam dukkham ariyasaccanti mc
bhikkhavc, pubbc ananussutcsu
dhammcsu, cakkhum udapdi nam
udapdi pa udapdi vijj udapdi
Inkn udapdi. Tam khn panidam
dukkham ariyasaccam paricyyanti
mc bhikkhavc, pubbc ananussutcsu
dukkham ariyasaccam paritanti
Inkn udapdi.
lrull of llo cossalion of
slross: llo romaindorIoss fad-
ing & cossalion, ronuncialion,
roIinquislmonl, roIoaso, & Iol-
ling go of llal vory craving.
lrull of llo vay of praclico
Ioading lo llo cossalion of
slross: procisoIy llis NobIo
LigllfoId Iall rigll viov,
rigll rosoIvo, rigll spoocl,
rigll aclion, rigll IivoIilood,
rigll offorl, rigll mindfuInoss,
rigll conconlralion.
Vision aroso, insigll aroso,
discornmonl aroso, knov-
Iodgo aroso, iIIuminalion
aroso villin mo vill rogard
lo llings novor loard boforo:
'Tlis is llo nobIo lrull of
slross. Tlis nobIo lrull
of slross is lo bo compro-
londod. Tlis nobIo lrull
of slross las boon compro-
londod.
Idam dukkhasamudayn ariyasaccanti
dukkhasamudayn ariyasaccam pahtab-
banti mc bhikkhavc, pubbc ananus-
sutcsu dhammcsu, cakkhum udapdi
nam udapdi pa udapdi vijj
udapdi Inkn udapdi. Tam khn
panidam dukkhasamudayn ariya-
saccam pahnanti mc bhikkhavc, pubbc
ananussutcsu dhammcsu, cakkhum
udapdi nam udapdi pa udapdi
vijj udapdi Inkn udapdi.
Idam dukkhanirndhn ariyasac-
canti mc bhikkhavc, pubbc ananus-
nam udapdi pa udapdi
vijj udapdi Inkn udapdi. Tam
khn panidam dukkhanirndhn
ariyasaccam sacchiktabbanti mc
bhikkhavc, pubbc ananussutcsu
dukkhanirndhn ariyasaccam sacchika-
tanti mc bhikkhavc, pubbc ananus-
nam udapdi pa udapdi vijj
udapdi Inkn udapdi.
aroso villin mo vill
rogard lo llings novor
loard boforo: 'Tlis is llo
nobIo lrull of llo origina-
lion of slross. Tlis nobIo
lrull of llo originalion of
slross is lo bo abandonod.
'Tlis nobIo lrull of llo orig-
inalion of slross las boon
abandonod.
nobIo lrull of llo cossalion
of slross. 'Tlis nobIo lrull
of llo cossalion of slross is
lo bo diroclIy oxporioncod.
'Tlis nobIo lrull of llo cos-
salion of slross las boon
diroclIy oxporioncod.
Idam dukkhanirndhagmin paipad
ariyasaccanti mc bhikkhavc, pubbc
vijj udapdi Inkn udapdi. Tam
khn panidam dukkhanirndhagmin
paipad ariyasaccam bhvctabbanti
dukkhanirndhagmin paipad ariya-
saccam bhvitanti mc bhikkhavc, pubbc
vijj udapdi Inkn udapdi.
Yvakvaca mc bhikkhavc imcsu
catsu ariyasacccsu, cvantiparivaam
dvdaskram yathbhu tam nadas-
sanam na suvisuddham ahnsi. Ncva
tvham bhikkhavc sadcvakc Inkc
samrakc sabrahmakc, sassamanabrh-
maniy pajya sadcvamanussya, anut-
taram sammsambndhim abhisam-
buddhn paccasim. Yatn ca khn
mc bhikkhavc imcsu catsu ariyasac-
ccsu, cvantiparivaam dvdaskram
yathbhtam nadassanam suvi-
suddham ahnsi. Athham bhikkhavc
sadcvakc Inkc samrakc sabrah-
makc, sassamanabrhmaniy pajya
nobIo lrull of llo vay of
praclico Ioading lo llo cos-
salion of slross. 'Tlis
nobIo lrull of llo vay of
praclico Ioading lo llo cos-
salion of slross is lo bo
dovoIopod. 'Tlis nobIo
lrull of llo vay of praclico
Ioading lo llo cossalion of
slross las boon dovoIopod.
And, monks, as Iong as llis
knovIodgo & vision of mino
vill ils llroo rounds &
lvoIvo pormulalions con-
corning lloso four nobIo
lrulls as lloy acluaIIy aro
prosonl vas nol puro, I
did nol cIaim lo lavo dirocl-
Iy avakonod lo llo rigll soIf-
avakoning unoxcoIIod in
llo cosmos vill ils doilios,
Maras, & Bralmas, vill ils
conlompIalivos & priosls, ils
royaIly & commonfoIk. Bul
as soon as llis knovIodgo
sadcva-manussya, anuttaram
sammsambndhim abhisam-
buddhn paccasim, naca
pana mc dassanam udapdi,
akupp mc vimutti, ayamantim
jti, natthidni punabbhavnti,
idamavnca bhagav. Attaman
pacavaggiy bhikkhu bhaga-
vatn bhsitam abhinandum.
Imasmica pana vcyykaran-
asmim bhaamnc, yasmatn
knnqaassa virajam vtamaIam
dhamma-cakkhum udapdi,
yankici samudayadhammam
sabbantam nirndhadhammanti.
Pavattitc ca bhagavat dham-
macakkc, bhumm dcv sadda-
manussvcsum, ctambhaga-
vat brnasiyam isipatanc
migadyc anuttaram dham-
macakkam pavattitam, appai-
vattiyam samancna v brahma-
ncna v dcvcna v mrcna v
brahmun v kcnaci v Inkas-
minti. Bhummnam dcvnam
saddam sutv, ctummahrjik
dcv saddamanussvcsum.
Ctummahrjiknam dcvnam
saddam sutv, tvatims
Tvatimsnam dcvnam
& vision of mino vill ils llroo
rounds & lvoIvo pormulalions
concorning lloso four nobIo lrulls
as lloy acluaIIy aro prosonl vas
lruIy puro, llon I did cIaim lo lavo
diroclIy avakonod lo llo rigll
soIf-avakoning unoxcoIIod in llo
cosmos vill ils doilios, Maras &
Bralmas, vill ils conlompIalivos &
priosls, ils royaIly & commonfoIk.
KnovIodgo & vision aroso in mo:
Unprovokod is my roIoaso. Tlis
is llo Iasl birll. Tloro is nov no
furllor bocoming. Tlal is vlal
llo BIossod Ono said. Gralihod, llo
group of hvo monks doIigllod al
lis vords. And vliIo llis oxpIana-
lion vas boing givon, lloro aroso
lo Von. Kondaa llo duslIoss,
slainIoss Dlamma oyo: Wlalovor
is subjocl lo originalion is aII sub-
jocl lo cossalion.
And vlon llo BIossod Ono lad sol
llo WlooI of Dlamma in molion,
llo oarll doilios criod oul: Al
Varanasi, in llo Gamo Rofugo al
Isipalana, llo BIossod Ono las sol
in molion llo unoxcoIIod WlooI of
Dlamma llal cannol bo sloppod
by priosl or conlompIalivo, doily,
Mara or God or anyono in llo
saddam sutv, yms dcv sadda-
manussvcsum. Ymnam
dcvnam saddam sutv, tusit
Tusitnam dcvnam saddam
sutv, nimmnarat dcv
saddamanussvcsum. Nimm-
naratnam dcvnam saddam
sutv, paranimmitavasavatt
Paranimmitavasavattnam
dcvnam saddam sutv, brahma-
kyik dcv saddamanussvcsum.
Etambhagavat brnasiyam isipa-
tanc migadyc anuttaram dhamma-
cakkam pavattitam, appaivatti-
yam samancna v brhmancna v
dcvcna v mrcna v brahmun
v kcnaci v Inkasminti. Itiha tcna
khancna tcna muhuttcna, yva
brahmaInk saddn abbhuggacchi.
Ayaca dasasahass Inkadhtu,
sankampi sampakampi sampavc-
dhi. Appamnn ca nIrn nbhsn
Inkc pturahnsi. Atikkammcva
dcvnam dcvnubhvam.
Athakhn bhagav udnam ud-
ncsi, asi vata bhn knnqan,
asi vata bhn knnqanti.
Itihidam yasmatn knnqaassa,
aknnqantvcva nmam,
ahnsti.
cosmos. On loaring llo oarll
doilios cry, llo doilios of llo Iour
Kings Hoavon look up llo cry.
llo doilios of llo Tlirly-llroo.
llo Yama doilios. llo Tusila doi-
lios. llo Nimmanarali doilios.
llo Iaranimmila vasavalli doi-
lios. llo doilios of Bralmas roli-
nuo look up llo cry. Al Varanasi,
in llo Gamo Rofugo al Isipalana,
llo BIossod Ono las sol in
molion llo unoxcoIIod WlooI of
Dlamma llal cannol bo sloppod
by priosl or conlompIalivo, doily,
Mara, or God or anyono al aII in
llo cosmos.
So in llal momonl, llal inslanl, llo
cry slol rigll up lo llo Bralma
vorIds. And llis lon-llousand foId
cosmos slivorod & quivorod &
quakod, vliIo a groal, moasuroIoss
radianco appoarod in llo cosmos,
surpassing llo offuIgonco of llo
doilios.
Tlon llo BIossod Ono oxcIaimod:
So you roaIIy knov, Kondaa
So you roaIIy knov` And llal is
lov Von. Kondaa acquirod llo
namo A-Kondaa
Kondaa vlo knovs.
Itipi sn bhagav araham
sammsambuddhn
vijjcaranasampannn
sugatn Inkavid anuttarn
purisadammasrathi
satth dcvamanussnam
buddhn bhagavti.
Svkkhtn bhagavat
dhammn sandihikn
akIikn chipassikn
npanayikn paccattam
vcditabbn vihti.
Supaipannn bhagavatn
svakasanghn
ujupaipannn bhagavatn
svakasanghn
yapaipannn
bhagavatn svakasanghn
smcipaipannn
yadidam cattri
purisayugni aha
purisa- puggaI csa
huncyyn phuncyyn
dakkhincyyn
ajaIikaranyn anuttaram
puakkhcttam Inkassti.
Anussaranaptha
(Iassago on llo RocoIIoclions)
Sucl indood is llo BIossod Ono,
oxaIlod, omniscionl, ondovod
vill knovIodgo and virluo. Gono
boyond, knovor of llo vorIds,
A guido incomparabIo for llo
lraining of individuaIs. Toaclor
of gods and mon, LnIigllonod
and HoIy. WoII-oxpoundod is
llo Dlamma by llo BIossod
Ono, lo bo soIf-roaIisod, lo bo
bul approaclod lo bo soon, cap-
abIo of boing onlorod upon, lo
bo allainod by llo viso, oacl
by limsoIf. Of good conducl is
llo Ordor of llo DiscipIos of llo
BIossod Ono. Of uprigll conducl
is llo Ordor of llo DiscipIos of
llo BIossod Ono. Of viso conducl
is llo Ordor of llo DiscipIos of
llo BIossod Ono. Of dulifuI con-
ducl is llo Ordor of llo DiscipIos
of llo BIossod Ono. Tlis Ordor
of llo DiscipIos of llo BIossod
Ono, namoIy, lloso Iour Iairs of
Iorsons, is vorlly of offorings, is
vorlly of lospilaIily, is vorlly
of gifls, is vorlly of rovoronliaI
saIulalion, is an incomparabIo
hoId of morils lo llo WorId.
Bhum sahassamabhinimmita-
svudhantam,
GrmckhaIam
Uditaghnrasascnamram,
Dndidhammavidhin jitav
munindn,
Tantcjas bhavatu tc jayamangaIni.
Mrtirckamabhiyujjhitasabbarattim,
GhnrampanJavakamakkhama-
thaddhayakkham,
Khantsudantavidhin jitav
munindn,
NJgirim gajavaram atimatta-
bhutam,
Dvaggicakkamasanva sudru-
nantam,
Mcttambusckavidhin jitav
munindn,
Ukkhittakhaggamatihahasudru-
nantam,
DhvantiynjanapathanguIimIa-
vantam,
Iddhbhisankhatamann jitav
munindn,
BuddhajayamangaIagth
(Tlo Vorsos on llo Buddlas WloIosomo Viclorios)
Croaling a llousand lands armod
vill voapons, Mara vas soalod on
llo lrumpoling, forocious oIoplanl
GirimoklaIa. Him, logollor vill
lis army, did llo Iord of Sagos
subduo by moans of gonorosily
and ollor virluos. By llo graco of
llis, may joyous viclory bo yours.
Moro vioIonl llan Mara vas llo
obslinalo domon AIavaka, vlo
ballIod vill llo Buddla llrougl-
oul llo nigll. Him, did llo Iord
of Sagos subduo by moans of His
palionco and soIf-conlroI. By llo
graco of llis, may joyous viclory
bo yours.
NaIagiri, llo king oIoplanl,
liglIy inloxicalod, vas raging
Iiko a forosl hro and vas lorribIo
as a llundorboIl. SprinkIing llo
valors of Ioving-kindnoss, llo
forocious boasl, did llo Iord of
Sagos subduo. By llo graco of llis,
may joyous viclory bo yours.
Will Iiflod svord, for a dislanco
of llroo Ioaguos did vickod
AnguIimaIa run. Him, did llo
Iord of Sagos subduo by His psy-
clic povors. By llo graco of llis,
Katvna kahamudaram iva
gabbhiny,
Cicya dutthavacanam
janakyamajjhc,
Santcna snmavidhin jitav
munindn,
Saccam vihya matisaccaka-
vdakctum,
Vdbhirnpitamanam atiandha-
bhtam,
PapadpajaIitn jitav munindn,
Nandnpanandabhujagam vibudham
mahiddhim,
Puttcna thcrabhujagcna
dampayantn,
Iddhpadcsavidhin jitav munindn,
Dugghadihibhujagcna
sudahahaham,
Brahmam visuddhijutimiddhi-
bakbhidhnam,
Nngadcna vidhin jitav munindn,
Etpi buddhajayamangaIa-
ahagth,
Yn vcann dinadinc saratc matand,
Hitvnanckavividhni cupaddavni,
Mnkkham sukham adhigamcyya
narn sapan.
Hor boIIy bound vill faggols, lo simu-
Ialo llo bignoss of prognancy, Cinca,
vill larsl vords mado fouI accusalion
in llo midsl of an assombIago. Hor did
llo Iord of Sagos subduo by His sorono
and gracofuI boaring. By llo graco of
Hauglly Saccaka, vlo ignorod lrull,
vas Iiko a bannor of conlrovorsy, and
lis vision vas bIindod by lis ovn
dispulalions. Iiglling llo Iamp of
visdom, lim, did llo Iord of Sagos
subduo. By llo graco of llis, may joy-
ous viclory bo yours.
Tlo viso and povorfuI sorponl
Nandopananda, did llo nobIo
Sago subduo by psyclic povors
llrougl His discipIo son Tlora
MoggaIIana. By llo graco of llis,
Tlo puro, radianl, majoslic Bralma
Baka, vloso land vas griovousIy bil-
lon by llo snako of lonacious lorosios,
did llo Iord of Sagos curo vill His
Modicino of visdom, By llo graco of
Tlo viso ono, vlo daiIy rocilos
and oarnoslIy romombors lloso
oigll vorsos of joyous viclory of
llo Buddla, viII gol rid of various
misforlunos and gain llo bIiss of
Nibbana.
Mahkrunikn nthn
Hitya sabbapninam,
Prctv pram sabb
Pattn sambndhimuttamam,
Etcna saccavajjcna
Hntu tc jayamangaIam.
Jayantn bndhiy mIc
Sakynam nandivaqqhann,
Evam tvam vijayn hnhi
Jayassu jayamangaIc,
AparjitapaIIankc
Ssc pahavipnkkharc,
Abhisckc sabbabuddhnam
Aggappattn pamndati.
Sunakkhattam sumangaIam
Supabhtam suhuhitam,
Sukhann sumuhuttn ca
Suyiham brahmacrisu.
Padakkhinam kyakammam
Vckammam padakkhinam,
Padakhinam mannkammam
Panidh tc padakkhin,
Padakkhinni katvna
Labhantatthc padakkhinc.
Jayaparitta
(Tlo Viclory Iroloclion)
for llo voIfaro of aII Iiving boings,
laving fuIhIIod aII Iorfoclions,
Boddli,
by llo spoaking of llis lrull,
may you bo bIossod vill viclory.
Viclorious al llo Bodli-lroos rool
Ho vlo incroasod doIigll for llo
Sakyas,
llus may viclory bo yours,
may you vin llo bIossing of vic-
lory. In llo undofoalod posluro
upon llo oxaIlod loIy pIaco lav-
ing llo consocralion of aII llo
Buddlas
lo rojoicos in llo bosl allainmonl
Iucky slars, Iucky bIossing a Iucky
davn, a Iucky sacrihco a Iucky
inslanl, a Iucky momonl
(vlon)
voII-givon (aro llings) lo
bralmacaris,
(vlon) bodiIy kamma is riglloous,
and riglloous is vorbaI kamma,
(vlon) monlaI kamma is rigll-
oous, riglloous aro lloir aspira-
lions. Tloso riglloousnossos lav-
ing boon dono
ono gains llo goaI by riglloousnoss.
Bhavatu sabbamangaIam
Rakkhantu sabbadcvat,
Sabbabuddhnubhvcna
Sad sntth bhavantu tc.
Sabbadhammnubhvcna
Sabbasanghnubhvcna
SumangaIagth
(Vorsos of LxcoIIonl BIossing)
May aII good bIossings bo,
may aII llo dovas (doilios) guard you
voII,
by llo povor of aII llo Buddlas, may
you bo safo conlinuousIy.
voII,
by llo povor of aII llo Dlammas,
may you bo safo conlinuousIy.
voII,
by llo povor of aII llo Sanglas, may
you bo safo conlinuousIy.
[rcation [ommittcc of thc +hra addha hammacakra
for llo IIacomonl as llo principaI Buddla-slrino
al llo Samalla Conlro,
WaIos, Unilod Kingdom
onorary [hairmcn and ,dvisors
His Lminonco Somdol Ilra Maladliracaraya
Wci C|cncscng||rcm
Tlo Mosl VonorabIo Ilra Bralmamuni
Wci 8c.crcni.cs Vi|crc
8cclcsiastical 8xccativc [ommittcc
Ilra Tlopnyanavisil
Ilra Tlopvaramodli
Ilra TlopkosoI
Ilra TloprajamonkloIvodoo
Ilra Tlopkavoo
Ilra RajaralanamonkloI
Ilra RajamonkloIabandil
Ilra Ralclplavanavikrom
Ilra Rajanyanapricla
Ilra BlavanakosaIa
Ilra Sriyanasoplon
Ilraklru Ilavanajilsunllorn
Ilraklru Wisanapanyaklun
Wal Ilra Rama 9 Clairman
Wal Rajaboplid
Wal Iaknam Blasiclaroon
Wal Samplan
Wal Rajboplil
Wal Bovoranivos Vilara
Wal Boromnivas
Wal Traimil
Wal Rajplalikaram
Wal Buddlapadipa
Wal Ilra Rama 9
Wal Arrannikavas
Wal IaplunaIao
Ilraklru IaIadsuvaddlana Bralmacariyaklun
Ilra AniI Dlammasakiyo
Wal Ilra Rama 9
Wal Bovoranivos Vilara
ay 8xccativc [ommitcc
M.R. Tlongnoi Tlongyai
M.R. Ilromclal Svasli
Dr Klunying KaIaya Soplonplanij
Mr Clari TuIayanond
Mr Sorm Wlionravi
Dr IauI Donnison
Mr Boonman Ioonyalliro
Mr Nival Clangariyavong
Mrs Apinya Clangariyavong
Assl. Irofossor Viclai Silliral
Dr David HaII
ClarIos Slav
Clairman
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
Mombor
A Buddlisl aclivily al llo main slrino laII of llo Samalla Conlro
Samalla Conlro

Phra Buddha Dhammacakra

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Phra Buddha Dhammacakra

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B

You might also like