Cylindrical shells under axial compression

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ncl ncr k p p Q r s t U0x Umax Un1 , Un2 w0 x Z x0 xpe xpp wx w0,eff ,1 cl 0 cl cr xcr

number of full waves around the circumference in classical asymmetric mode number of full waves around the circumference in critical mode modifying factor for imperfection form internal pressure within cylinder dimensionless internal pressure meridional compression fabrication quality parameter cylinder radius reference value of radius to thickness ratio shell wall thickness dimensionless imperfection amplitude maximum permitted value of U (tolerance measure) values of U for use in computer calculations amplitude of imperfection axial distance from centre of weld Batdorf parameter to characterise shell length ratio of characteristic buckling stress to classical elastic critical stress value of under axial compression alone (no internal pressure) value of with elastic strength gain due to internal pressure value of with plastic strength loss due to internal pressure plastic range factor in buckling design amplitude of imperfection used in axial compression buckling design amplitude of imperfection for computer calculations interaction exponent for buckling design meridional linear bending half-wavelength axial half-wavelength of axisymmetric buckling mode relative slenderness of the shell squash limit relative slenderness Poissons ratio (typically around = 0.3) classical elastic critical stress buckling stress at bifurcation characteristic value of buckling stress under axial compression

References
Almroth, B.O. (1963). Postbuckling behavior of axially compressed circular cylinders. AIAA Journal 1(3), 630633. Almroth, B.O. (1966). Inuence of edge conditions on the stability of axially compressed cylindrical shells. AIAA Journal 4(1), 143140. Almroth, B.O., Burns, A.B. and Pittner, E.V. (1970). Design criteria for axially loaded cylindrical shells. Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets 7(6), 714720.