Alpet Shqiptare

M o u n t E v e r e s t ,
STUDIMI I BURIMEVE NATYRORE T RAJONIT VERIOR T SHQIPRIS

Raporti Prfundi tar
MEHMET META M#
HA!I !O"A
$#%&t#t'#n finan(iar# t# )T*
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut Tirane, Mars, 2005
TABE"A E PRMBAJTJES
+, SH!URTIME,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,., SHPJE)IMI I TERMAVE TE PERDORUR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,/, ABSTRA!TI I TERMAVE TE RE0EREN1ES,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2 -, PRMB"EDHJE E!*E!UTIVE,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3 2, !ON!"U*IONE DHE RE!OMANDIME ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4 3, METODO"O)JIA E STUDIMIT,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5
6.1. !"MB"##$M$ %H& '(!'"N$M$ $ T( %H(N)V&..........................................................................................* 6.2. SHT!$!+) +&, !)-$K& & .,N(S V&!$,!&....................................................................* 6./. &#&M&NT&T K!0&S,! +&, !)-$K %H& N)T0!,!....................................................1
4, PRSH!RIMI I BURIMEVE NATYRORE6TURISTI!E,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,+-
2.1. B"!$M&T N)T0!,!& T( !)+,N$T V&!$,! .............................................................................................13 2.2. )#'&T SH4$'T)!& V&!$,!& 15 7.2.2. Thethi Park Kombtar dhe zon turistike malore ................................................16 (Shkodr !alsi e !adhe"....................................................................................................16
7.2.#.1 $kosistemet %&'ore dhe biodi(ersiteti n Theth...................................17

7.2.1 )umi i *ashit dhe )i(adhi i +arushs(Tro%o'",..................................................17.2.2 .albona dhe )u/ina e .albons (Tro%o'"....................................................................17.2.0 )i1eni i Shkodrs...........................................................................................................12 7.2.3 4ona turistike .eli%o' .ilun (Shkodr".................................................................2# 7.2.5 Kom%leksi li/atinor6la/unor i Kune .ain it ()ezh". .............................................22 7.2.6 )ura PK dhe P&lli i 7llamanit............................................................................25
!'edisi bu'1sor...................................................................................................26 T ardhurat mu'ore..............................................................................................26

5, ANE!SE 7 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.4
*.1. '0+&T %H& K"##,T)T 5 H$ST,!$K" $ .HV$##$M&V& T( T0!&................................22 T)B.1. '0+&T N( .,N(N V&!$,!& 6 H$&!)!K$) & S$'(!-)4&S ......................................21 T)B. /. .,N)T & MB!,+T"!) %H& T"!$ST$K&...................................................................../1 T)B. 3. .,N)T & MB!,+T"!) %H& T"!$ST$K& N& .,N&N V&!$,!& S$')S ST!)T& +$S& S& B$,%$V&!S$T&T$T5 2000................................................................................/2
TAB, 4, S!EMA E )RUMBU""IMIT8 PERPUNIMIT DHE E!SPORTIT TE BIMEVE MJE!ESORE NATYRORE NE SHQIPERI,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,/4
1.1. $M',!T"&S............................................................................................................................../* T)B. *. -)"N) %H& +"&T$)5K)#&N%)!$ $ T0!& $ #&+")!............................................../*
)e%uri i e/r ()e%us euro%aeus" ......................................................................02

MASIVI PYJOR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,-.
.llimi (m8"..........................................................................................................................32
Tirane, Mars 2005
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut
Tirane, Mars 2005
1. SHKURTIME
MMM MBU MRRTT MP"D BB DPP! D*M INSTAT NJMP OJ0 PPB I!P! 5 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Ministria e M7e8isit Ministria e Bu7q9sis9 8he "shqimit Ministria e !re:ullimit t9 Teritorit 8he Turi;mit Ministria e 'ushtetit #o<al 8he %e=entrali;imit Ban<a Bot9rore %re7toria e '9r:7ith9shme e 'y7e>e 8he Kullota>e %re7toria e .ona>e t9 M?ro7tura $nstituti i Statisti<9s N79sia e Mena@himit te 'ro7e<tit ,r:ani;ate 7o5Aitimprur9se 'ro8himi i 'er:7ithshem Bruto $n>entaritimi Kom?9tar i 'y7e>e 8he Kullota>e
2. SHPJEGIMI
I TERMAVE TE PERDORUR
*on # M$ro'tur B ;on9 me >lera t9 >eCanta natyrore 8he ?io8i>ersiteti 8he e shpallura si e till9 Dsipas <ritere>e t9 $"EN5s9F. *on turi%ti9# B .on9 me >lera t9 spi<atura turisti<e 8he e shpallur si e till9. P:'# t ;ir<'r B 'y7e q9 7an9 t9 papre<ur n:a 8ora e n7eriut 8he lerat e tyre natyrore she<ullore. Bi '#9%or# nat:ror# B +an9 :7ith9 spe=iet e Alor9s spontane natyrore me >lera m7e<9sore 8he Aarma=euti<e. !o un#B n79si a8ministrati>e ne ;onat rurale e p9r?9r9 n:a 8isa Ashatra, e =ila qe>eriset n:a n7e <ryetar i ;:7e8hur p9r n79 periu8h9 <ohore /5>7eCare n:a ?anor9t e <omunitetit. Mund%ia ;'#tor# # %&fr:t=i itB Sasia >7etore e materialit 8runor q9 le7ohet te >ilet n:a n79 :rum?ull py7ore, :7at9 n79 >iti n9 perputh7e me o?7e<ti>at e planit t9 m?ar9sht9imit e shprehur n9 met9r <u? p9r he<tar. N'%ia # M#na>&i it t# Pro'#9titB N79sia e mena@himit t9 pro7e<tit t9 py7>e me Ban<9n Bot9rore. Prod&i #t # d:ta p:'or#B pro8hime q9 si:urohen n:a pylli me p9r7ashtim ato me natur9 8rusore. P:??=i B Kri7imi i n79 pylli n9 n79 sip9rAaqe to<e q9 sG<a patur <urr9 t9 till9 e<osistem. Rr#t&B n79si a8ministrati>e e p9r?9r9 n:a n79 apo m9 shum9 ?ash<i, <omuna 8he ;a<onisht n:a n79 numer i ma8h Ashatrash.
Tirane, Mars 2005
3. ABSTRAKTI
I TERMAVE TE REFERENCES
N8alimi i pra<ti<a>e t9 p9r8orimit t9 paq9n8ru9sh9m t9 to<9s 9sht9 Cel9si p9r rrit7en e pro8himtaris9 n9 ;onat rurale shto 8he mos apli<imi i masa>e per m?ro7t7en e to<es, <ane Cuar ne 8e:ra8im serio; te to<es 8he ?urime>e natyrore t9 p9rs9rit9shme t9 sa7. &ro;ioni q9 >7en si paso79 e pra<ti<a>e t9 :a?uara n9 p9r8orimin e to<9s i <om?inuar me intensitetin e ma8h t9 shira>e 8he me n87eshm9rine e ma8he t9 to<a>e malore <arshi ero;ionit, <a n8i<uar n9 m?ath7e t9 to<a>e ?u7q9sore, 89mtim t9 >epra>e u7it9se e m?ush7e t9 re;er>uare>e q9 p9r8oren p9r hi8ro=entralet apo p9r >a8it7e t9 to<a>e ?u7q9sore. N9 <9t9 proCes 9sht9 e>i8entuar q9 re8u<timi i >arA9ris9 8he mena@himi i q9n8ruesh9 i ?urime>e natyrore 7an9 t9 n89r>arur. ,?7e<ti>i i <9ti7 stu8imi 9sht9 t9 7ape orientimet strate:7i<e t9 ne>o7shme, p9rmes n79 >ler9simi t9 ?urime>e natyrore 8he poten=ialet e tyre p9r ;h>illimin e <onomi<o5so=ial t9 <9sa7 ;one, p9r plot9simin e pro:rame>e 8he a<ti>itete>e q9 marrin parasysh p9r8orimin e q9n8ruesh9m t9 ?urime>e natyrore e<;istuese, t9 py7e>e, <ullota>e, ;ona>e t9 m?ro7tura 8he atyre tiuristi<e, ?im9>e m7e<9sore 8he >lera t9 t7era natyrore, n9 t9 =ilin 8uhet t9 marin p7es9 t9 :7itha pal9t e interesuara. M?as :rum?ullimit 8he p9rpunimit t9 t9 8h9na>e u p9r:atit n sipas 8he T0!Hs B 'ro:rami i pun9s, itete q9 8o t9 reali;ohen n:a <onsulent9t, me shtrir7en :7eo:raAi<e 8he shp7e:ime per meto8olo:7ine, si 8he <alen8ari i reali;imit, %raAt raporti, per stu8imin e ?9r9, pr >ler9simin e ?urime>e natyrore t9 ;on9s >eriore me re<oman8imet p9r<at9se, !aporti5Ainal i hartuar pas <omente>e t9 ?9ra 8he q9 p9rm?an <ryesishtB
1. 7en87a a<tuale e ?urime>e natyrore, 8he n9 >eCanti e atyre py7ore, <ullosore, ;ona>e t9 m?ro7tura 8he turisti<e, ?im9>e m7e<9sore, p9r ra7onin >erior t9 >en8it. 2. %e:ra8imi i ?urime>e natyrore 8he n8i<ime>e ne:ati>e n9 m7e8is 8he n9 ato py7ore, ero;ioni 8he >arA9ria. /. !e<oman8ime p9r <onser>imin 8he m?ar9shtrimin e q9n8ruesh9m t9 ?urime>e natyrore t9 <9sa7 ;one 8he atyre py7e>e 8he <ullota>e.
Tirane, Mars 2005
4. PRMBLEDHJE EKZEKUTIVE
Tran;i=ioni q9 po <alon shoq9ria shqiptare shAaqi simptomat e ti7 pothua7se n9 t9 :7itha sAerat, si n9 at9 politi<e, e<onomi<e, so=iale, 8emo:raAi<e, ashtu 8he <ulturore, pa <ursyer 8he sistemin e mana@himit te ?urime>e natyrore 8he n9 >eCanti t9 atyre py7ore. ,?7e<ti>i i <9ti7 stu8imi 9sht9 t9 e>i8ento7 :7en87en a<tuale t9 ?urime>e natyroreB py7e>e, <ullota>e, ;ona>e t9 m?ro7tura 8he atyre turisti<e, ?im9>e m7e<9sore, Alor9s 8he Aaun9s 8he t9 7ap9 re<oman8imeper ;h>illimin e tyre n9 Shqip9rin9 >eriore, 8u<e i li8hur o?7e<ti>at e ;h>illimit t9 tyre me o?7e<ti>at e mi79>7e=arit p9r 4arqet e #e;h9s, Sh<o8r9s, Ku<9sit 8he %i?r9s. !eali;imi i stu8imit u ;h>illua 8isa Aa;aB DiF M?le8h7a 8he stu8imi i n79 numri materialesh t9 shum9llo7shme siB materiale harto:raAi<e, t9 8h9na statisti<ore 8he so=ial5e<onomi<e, arti<u7, li?ra e pu?li<ime t9 n8ryshme sh<en=ore. 7ithashtu, 7an9 <onsultuar 8o<umenta a8ministrati>e q9 li8hen me sistemin e m?ar9shtimit t9 pasurise py7ore e <ullosore, t9 pu?li<uara n:a institu=ione shtet9rore DMinistria e Bu7q9sise 8he "shqimit, %re7toria e '9r:7ithshme e 'y7e>e 8he Kullota>e, Ministria e M7e8isit, et7.F, si 8he n:a institu=ione t9 t7era stu8imore e <9r<imore D$nstituti i K9r<ime>e 'y7ore e Kullota>e, -a<ulteti i Sh<en=a>e 'y7ore, -),, "N%', et7.FI si 8he re;ultatet e Hart9s 8he )nali;a e N8ryshime>e te M?ules9s s9 To<es, t9 <ryera n:a $K', p9r >ler9simin 8he in8entiAi<imin e ten8en=a>e <ryesore te ;h>illimit. DiiF '9rpunimi i t9 8h9na>e t9 :rum?ulluara 8he >ro7time>e t9 ?era, i8entiAi<imi i C9sht7e>e 8he pro?leme>e <ryesore, si 8he n8i<imi i tyre m?i se<torin py7or 8he ?urimet natyrore. DiiiFShAryt9;imi i t9 8he9a>e t9 re;ultuara n:a $K' t9 n@7era me n8ihmen e Sistemit t9 $nAorma=ionit 7eo:raAi< D $SF 8he n:a stu8imet e posaCme t9 <ryera ne <ua8rin e $K', si t9 8h9nat 8en8rometri<e p9r tipe t9 n8ryshme py7esh, ?io8i>ersiteti, se<uestrimi i <ar?onit, pro8himtaria e <ullota>e 8he t9 8hena t9 t7era te m?le8hura 8ire<t n9 terren. Di>F )nali;a 8he >leresimi n9 <omple<s i t9 8hena>e t9 m?le8huraI per=a<timi i 8re7time>e <ryesore t9 ;h>illimit t9 q9n8ruesh9m t9 py7e>e e <ullota>e n9 p7es9n >eriore t9 >en8it. %isa parime q9 7an9 m?a7tur parasysh B 5 m?9shtet7a n9 <on=eptin e e<osistemit 8he peisa;hit, q9 <om?inon <onser>imin e ?io8i>ersitetit me p9r8orimin e q9n8rueshem t9 ?urime>e natyrore I 5 m?9shtet7a n9 >ler9simin real e<onomi< t9 ?urime>e natyrore, pasurise py7ore e <ullosore, p9rAshire 8he ;onat e m?ro7tura 8he turisti<e, pro8himet 7o58rusore, ?im9t m7e<9sore 8he sh9r?imet m7e8isoreI 5 <ri7imi i n7e <ua8ri e p9r p9r8orimin e poten=iale>e natyrore n:a <omunitetet lo<ale rreth tyreI 5 n7oh7a 8he in<ura7imi i m7e8isit e<onomi< 8he tre:9tar m?9shtet9s n9 <9to teritoreI 5 Aor=imi i <apa=itetit institu=ional n9 t9 :7itha ni>elet 8he se<tor9t q9 li8hen me ?urimet natyrore 8he n9 >eCanti p9r py7et e <ullotat, p9r ;onat e m?ro7tura 8he ato turisti<eI
Tirane, Mars 2005
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut 5 p9rmiresimi i <ooperimit ra7onal e n89r<om?etar p9r sh<9m?imin e inAorma=ionit, te<nolo:7i>e 8he n7ohuri>e te<ni<e n9 m?eshtet7e t9 ;h>illimit t9 q9n8ruesh9m t9 ?urime>e natyrore 8he poten=iale>e turisti<e. N9 p9rAun8im sipas To!Hs 7an9 p9r:atitur B !aporti p9r meto8olo:7ine, plani i pun9s si 8he <alen8ari i reali;imit, %raAt5raporti, p9r stu8imin e ?9r9, p9r >ler9simin e ?urime>e natyrore t9 ;on9s >eriore me re<oman8imet per<atese, !aporti Ainal me p9rAshir7en e <omenet>e t9 ?9ra i =ili p9rm?an B
1. 7en87a a<tuale t9 ?urime>e natyrore, 8he n9 >eCanti e atyre py7ore, <ullosore, turisti<e, ?im9>e m7e<9sore, n9 Shqip9rin9 e Veriut. 2. %e:ra8imi i ?urime>e natyrore 8he n8i<ime>e ne:ati>e n9 m7e8is 8he n9 ato py7ore, ero;ioni 8he >arA9ria. /. !e<oman8ime p9r <onser>imin 8he m?ar9shtimin e q9n8rueshem t9 ?urime>e natyrore t9 <9a7 ;one 8he atyre py7e>e 8he <ullota>e.
5. KONKLUZIONE
DHE
REKOMANDIME
1. 4e>eris7a e py7e>e, per >ete <ushtet ne te =ilat n8o8hen py7et ne Shqiperi, 8uhet te ?a;ohet ne parimet e ;h>illimit te qen8rueshem te ;ona>e malore, o?7e<ti>at <ryesore te te =ilit 7aneB DiF permiresimi i pasuri>e natyrore 8he <ushte>e te 7eteses se popullsise ne <eto ;ona, 8he DiiF m?ro7t7a e interesa>e 7etesore te p7eses poshte rr7e8h7es u7ore. Mos>leresimi 8he mosperAshir7a e Aun<sione>e m7aAt te >leAshme te pyllit, por en8e pa tre:ues te >leres se tre:ut, nu< pasqyro7ne <ontri?utin real te se<torit te py7e>e ne <ua8rin e e<onomise <om?etare 8he asa79 ra7onale p9r >eriun e >en8it. 2.%eri me sot popullata e >arAer e ;ona>e rurale te >eriut 8he >erilin87es nu< eshte n7ohur 8he shper?lyer per sher?ime te ren8esishme m7e8isore qe i 7apin shoqerise shqiptare 8he <omunitetit ?oteror si p.shB DaF sher?imet me ren8esi <om?etare 8he lo<ale Dpell:7et u7em?le8hese, to<a, et7F D?F rua7t7a e to<a>e py7ore ne per8orim te per?ash<et DperAshi ?io8i>ersitetinF 8he D=F se<uestrimi i <ar?onit. Sher?imi i Aun8it eshte n7e ?urim poten=ial Ainan=imi. Ne <ua8rin e proto<ollit Kyoto Dqe eshte nensh<ruar 8he ratiAi<uar n:a ShqiperiaF, pylle;imi 8he a<ti>itetet ripylle;uese si p.sh to<at shume te 8e:ra8uara, to<at e JreAu;uaraK, 8he ;onat <riti<e per:7ate lumen7>e e ?a;ene>e <ryesore 8he >en8e>e me poten=ial te larte per ;h>illimin e turi;mit 5 mun8 te :aranto7ne ?urime te re7a te a8hurash per <omunitetet lo<ale. /. !etoda e inte/ruar 1e kerkohet %er adresimin e ne(o'a(e te %o%ullsise lokale. 'er>o7a e perAtuar :7ate tranAerimit te py7e>e ne per8orim te <omuna>e, eshte se <omunitetet lo<ale 8o te m?eshtesin a<ti>itetet e mana@himit te qen8rueshem te ?urime>e natyrore 5 per te ulur ero;ionin, n8aluar 8e:ra8imin e to<es, m?ro7tur >lerat :lo?ale te ?io8i>ersitetit 8he te <ar?onit5 >etem atehere <ur te plotesohen mireqenia 8he ne>o7at e tyre minimale te per8itshme.
Tirane, Mars 2005
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut 3. 'laniAi<imi m7e8isor 8he i pasuri>e natyrore, perAshire py7et 8he <ullotat, 8uhet te ?a;ohet :7ithen7e e me teper ne <on=eptin e pell:7e>e u7em?le8hes, se sa ne n7esi te >o:la m?areshtrimi, si<urse >eprohet sot ne se<torin py7or. %uhen <om?inuar e ?alan=uar te 8y o?7e<ti>at, pasi eshte e <uptueshme se C8o ;:7i8h7e aAat:7ate ne m?areshtimin e pell:7e>e 8uhet te m?a7e parasysh ne>o7at e ;h>illimit 8he rolin e popullsise >en8ore ne m?areshtrimin e pell:7e>e. 'ersa i per<et m?areshtrimit 8he m?ro7t7es se pell:7e>e malore, <er<ohet perAshir7a me e ma8he e popullsise ne planiAi<imin 8he plotesimin e strate:7i>e 8he pro:rame>e, shpesh me perAitime 8ire<te per popullsine e ;ona>e malore. 5. 'o <eshtu ;h>illimi i turi;mit, i =ili per8or territore m7aAt te :7era te Aon8it py7or, 8he me:7ith9se <y ra7on 9sht9 shum9 i pasur me ?urime t9 tilla 8he ri;orte turisti<e me >lera t9 >eCantam malore 8he e<o5turisti<e en8e <ontri?uti i ti7 ne <ri7imin et9 ar8hura>e p9r popullsin9 e <9tyre ;ona>e 9sht9 pothua7se ;ero, et7.
3, METODO"O)JIA E STUDIMIT
6.1.GRUMBULLIMI
DHE PRPUNIMI I T DHNAVE
rum?ullimi i t9 8hena>e p9r shtrir7en :7eo:raAi<e, t9 ?urime>e natyrore 8he turisti<e e<;istuese, so=ial5e<onomi<e 9sht9 ?9r9 8u<9 shAryt9;uar :7ith9 stu8imet 8he t9 8h9nat q9 e<;isto7n9 p9r <9t9 q9llim, n:a strate:7it9 e n8ryshm9 <om?9tare, n:a in>entari;imi i Aun8it D200/F <om?9tar i py7e>e 8he <ullota>e, n:a strate:7ia e ?io8i>ersitetit 8he turi;mit p9r ;onat e m?ro7tura 8he ato turisti<e, n:a statisti<at e<;istuese te N+M' t9 'y7e>e 8he %''K et7.
3,., SHTRIRJA )JEO)RA0I!E E *ONS VERIORE

!ara9t#ri=i i <'#o<rafi9 d&# #9ono i9o6%o(ia?, !a7oni >erior 8he >erilin8or shtrihet n9 >eri t9 lu:in9s s9 lumit t9 Sh<um?init t9 mes9m 8he 8u<e p9rAshire relie>in malor, >a;h8on 8eri n9 <uAirin shtet9ror >erior 8he >erilin8or t9 Shqip9rise me Malin e ;i, Koso>9n 8he Maqe8onin9. Ka shtrir7en m9 t9 ma8he n9 Shqip9ri me rreth 10 mi7e <m2. K7o <ri7on mun89sin9 e t9 qenurit ur9li8h9se mi8is ra7one>e shqiptare n9 europen 7u:lin8ore 8he p7es9s t7et9r t9 >en8it. Ky a>anta;h $ po;it9s :7eo:raAi<e 8he natyra shum9 e larmishme 8he e pasur Dpasuri t9 shumta minerare, <limati<e, u7ore e py7oreF 7an9 poten=iale p9r ;h>illimin e <9ti7 ra7oni. %y 7an9 nenra7onet q9 8allohen si n9 8iAeren=at e ;h>illimit e<onomi<, ashtu e8he p9r n:a popullimiB )lpet shqiptare 8he Nenra7oni >erilin8or. Ky ra7on 9sht9 i po;i=ionuar n9 s<a7in m9 >erior t9 Shqip9ris9, me n79 sip9rAaqe t9 p9r:7ithshme pre7 /,153 <m2 8he n8an >en8in n:a ish5repu?li<at e -e8erates +u:oslla>e. 'opullsia e p9r:7ithshme e ra7onit 9sht9 1*/,223 ?anor9 Dn:a t9 =il9t 11,/01 mesh<u7 8he 8he 12,165 AemraF. !reth 21,5L e popullsis9 totale 7eto7n9 n9 ;onat rurale, shiA9r <7o m9 e larta se n9 t9 :7itha ra7onet e t7era. M9 1111 ra7oni <ishte n7e Aor=9 pun9 pre7 105,/*1 n7er9; 8he n:a t9 =il9t rreth 11L e tyre 7an9 t9 papun9.
Tirane, Mars 2005
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut N9 stru<turen e p9r8orimit t9 to<9s, n:a 21/,615 ha q9 9shts sip9rAaq7a e punueshme e ra7onit, rreth 50 L e ;9n9 py7et. !a7oni 9sht9 n89r ;onat m9 t9 pasura me py7e, me n79 sip9rAaqe t9 per:7ithshme te tyre pre7 3*2,000 ha Dose 50 L e Aon8it py7orF, n:a te =il9t py7e t9 lart9 Dah, pishe, ?re8h, 8ush<F pre7 *6 mi7e ha. !a7oni <a mun89si >7etore mesatare t9 shAryt9;imit t9 py7e>e p9r 8ru ;7arri 51./ mi7e m/ 8he p9r l9n89 punimi 103.6 mi7e m/, m9 t9 lart9n n:a t9 :7itha ra7onet. T9 shtyr9 n:a n79 mori Aa<toresh so=ial, e<onomi<e Dn89r t9 t7era n79 pa:9 mesatare n9 se<torin shtet9ror pre7 11,61/ le<eF, :7eo:raAi<e 8he <ulturore, rrethet e <9ti7 ra7oni <an9 q9n9 8he n79 n:a ?urimet <ryesore t9 mi:ra=ionit t9 ?ren8sh9m.
6.3.ELEMENTET KR ESOR GJEOGRAFIK DHE NAT ROR

&lement9t <ryesor :7eo:raAi<e A?p#t %&@iptar# '9rsh<rim i sh<urt9r i tyre )lpet shtrihen ne >eri te lumit %rin. ropa e Tropo79s 8he rr7e8ha e poshtme e lumit te Val?on9s, i n8a7ne n:a ra7oni >erilin8or.)lpet <ane :7atesi 63 <m 8he :7eresi 60 <m me siperAaqe 2200 <m2, ;ene rreth *L te siperAaqes se >en8it. 'er momentin )lpet paraqiten te i;oluar, rru:et qe i li8hin ata me p7eset e t7era ?ren8a 8he 7ashte >en8it 7ane te pa<ta 8he ne :7en87e 7o te mire.&8he ?ren8a alpe>e li8h7et 7ane te >eshtira, rru:et <alo7ne ne qaAa te larta qe ne 8imer 7ane te pa<alueshme 'er?ehet n:a sh<em?in7 ma:mati<e,:elqerore e terri:7ene. !elie>i eshte <ryesisht <o8rinor si8omos ne :ropat e Tropo7es /50 m?i 8et 8he te <rumes 500 m m?i 8et, 8u<e ?ere per7ashtim mali i 'ashtri<ut qe sh<on 1000 m %en8esia mesatare e popullsise eshte // ?anor per <m2 'er?ehet n:a Aushat p7ellore te 7en87a 8he p9r8orimi i ?urime>e natyrore Me:7ithe 8emtimet ne 8isa p7ese, si ne 'ar<un e Val?ones, Bo:9, !a;9m, ne per:7ithesi ;ona e )lpe>e mun8 te <onsi8erohet me pa< e 8emtuara :7ate periu8hes se tran;i=ionit 7en8en n79 larmi spe=iesh t9 Alor9s 8he Aaun9s 8he n7e <omple<s e<osistemesh natyrore 8he peisa;histi<e. Si ?im9si py7ore :7en8en ahu D-a:us sil>ati=a5F, pisha e ;e;9 D'inus ni:ra5F, ?re8hi i ?ar8h9 D)?ies al?a5F, arrneniD'inus hel8re=hiF, rro?ulliDpinus peu=he5F, 8he <9to t9 <om?inuara me li>a8he alpine. K9tu :7en8en 8he spe=ie en8emi<e 8he su?en8emi<e shum9 t9 rralla t9 Alor9s 8he Aaun9s <ontinentale M?isun8o7ne py7et e 8ush<ut, ne :7en87e =un:ishte. Kane shen7a permiresimi te 8u<shem ne 5 >7eCarin e Aun8it. %emtimet <ryesore a<tuale sh<a<tohen n :a <rasit7a e ren8e per :7eth, ne shume raste me prer7e rrah, 8he <ullot7a me pas, 8u<e e trnasAormuar shpesh ne sh<urre te 8e:ra8uara.'araqet poten=ial te larte te <limes 8he to<es per tu <thyer ne py7e 8ushet py7ore 7ane teper te rralla ne
., Mal9sia e Hasit 8he 7a<o>9s Dplla7a e Hasit, Mali i 'ashtri<ut, :ropa e Tropo7es
/, #u:ina e
Tirane, Mars 2005
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut &lement9t <ryesor :7eo:raAi<e %rinit t9 .i #u:ina e %i?r9s, 'esh<opis9, pra:u i Topo7anit S<a>i=a, lu:ina e Ku<9sit '9rsh<rim i sh<urt9r i tyre 7ori=e5Shupen;es,Maqellares, 'esh<opise e Ku<esit. #u:ina n:ushtohet se tepermi ne Topo7an e S<a>i=e, qe sher?e7ne si pra:7e qe e n8a7ne lu:inen ne tre p7ese <ryesore. 'er:7ithesisht ;ona te m?i populluara me ?u7qesi t9 ;h>illuar. N:a :ropa e ma8he e Ku<9sit 8eri ne Vaun e %e7es , lu:ina <thyer ne re;er>uar 8he eshte e m?uluar n:a u7i . !elie>i i ashper me :ry<at e n:ushta <ri7on pe7sa;he te ?u<ura Shtrihet ne lin87e te lu:ines se %rinit te .i 8he te Bar8h9, ne <uAi me Maqe8onine. Ka Aormen e n7e hara;h8on 7ashte <uAirit shteteror me malet e Sharrit, qe n8a7ne Koso>en me Maqe8onine, 8he te Ste:o>es ne 7u:lin87e. 'er?ehet n:a Aormime shume te >7etra :7eolo:7i<e Drreshpe 8he :elqerore te mermeri;uarF n:a :ipse 8he :elqerore meso;oi<e. 4en8rat e ?animit ne shpatet e >ar:male>e te Kora?it 7ane te pa<ta. )ta n:7iten 8eri ne 1300 m e ne malin e !a8omit, 'loshtan, Ma7, Shishta>e=. Shtrihet mi8is %rinit ne >eri 8he -anit te Vo:le, lu:ines se Matit e :7a8rit ne peren8im 8he 8rinit te ;i ne lin87e. 'er?ehet n:a sh<em?en7 ma:mati<e De pasur ne minerale >e=anerisht ?a<erF. !elie>i eshte i =op9tuar i larte e i larmishem. 'opullsia eshte e rralle me /* ?anor per <m2, >en8osur <ryesisht ne :ropat 8he lu:inat, D4erretit, 'u<9s,$?alles, #ur9s e #u:ines s9 -anit, e natyrore lu:ine. Ka ;h>illim te ?imesise se ?re:lumit ne ;onen 7ori=e Shupen;e, ne p7eset e t7era ?imeisa tipi<e e ?re:lumit eshte 8emtuar.
-, Var:mali i Kora?it 5 Koles7an 5 7ali=95 5B7esh<9t e Shishta>e=it
2, Malesia 'u<95Mir8it9 8he >ar:mali i #ur9s DB7esh<et e Kushnenit 8he T9r?unitI Kora?i, Ma7a e MalitI Munella I Mali i %e7es, i Bal:7a7t,
'y7et e <etyre >ar:male>e 7ane te rralla e te 8e:ra8uara n:a m?iper8orimi. )hu 9sht9 ne p7esen me te ma8he i shn8rruar ne =un:ishte, masi>et me halore 7ane te rralla. Me pro8himtari te ulet 8he riperterit7e te rralle. Ka n7e sensi?ili;im te popullise lo<ale per rua7t7en e py7e>e, 8u<e i ?lere 8rute e ;7arrit ne p7esen me te ma8he te Ashatra>e. &shte n8er ;onat me <limen me te Atohet ne Shqiperi qe <a ne>o7e per <onsum te larte te 8ru>e te ;7arrit Ka poten=ial te larte per ;h>illimin e turi;mit malor, 8he >eCanerisht te turi;mit te ?ar8he. Ka ren8esi te 7ashte;a<oneshme n:a pi<pam7a e ?io8>ersitetit per le>i;7en e <aAshe>e te e:ra n:a Maqe8onia e p7eserisht Koso>a ne Shqiperi 4e n:a >iti 1160 <a Ailluar shAryte;imi intensi> i py7e>e te <etyre malesi>e 'y7et 7ane prere pothua7se teresisht. Ne shume raste pas >itit 1110 prere7t 7ane shoqeruar e8he me ;7arre masi>e, qe <ane 8emtuar Aili;erine 8he <ane stimuluar pro=esin e ero;ionite Vetem ne par=ela te paariteshme <ane m?etur sasira te pa<ta materiali 8rusor si ne .all 7o=a7, ry<e Sete, )rmolle, et7. 'er te reali;uar rime<em?7en e <etyre py7e>e, qe <ane poten=ial shume te ma8h si
Tirane, Mars 2005
10
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut &lement9t <ryesor :7eo:raAi<e .ep9s, She7tit , KuroraN!un aN Ne;h8a e #ur9s et7 #u:inat e 7a8rit si 8he e -anit te Ma8h e te Vo:el, Seta e )rmolla 4,Mal9sia e Martanesh, Mermeni<es, ollo?or8es, >ar:malet e S<9n8er?eut 8he #u:ina e Matit Mali i #op9s, Kaptin9s, Mu;haqit Var:u Kru79 %a7t, Mali i S<9n8er?eut, Mali me ropa, ropa e Matit e !r9shenit '9rsh<rim i sh<urt9r i tyre ?le:toria 7ane te prapam?etura. )<ti>iteti <ryesor i popullsise <an9 q9n9 minierat e shAryte;imi i py7e>e. Me m?yll7en e miniera>e prer7a e py7e>e <a m?etur a<ti>iteti <ryesor per m?i7etesen e popullsise pre7 16 mi7e ?anore pre7 te =iles 20L 7eton ne Ashat. Ba;eni i #umit 7a89r paraqitet plotesisht i ;h>eshur. Kete ;one e n8an 8he e li8he me 'u<e Mir8iten n:a lu:ina e Bulqi;es, >ar:7et malore te S<en8er?eut e te #ures 8u<e sh<uar 8re7t 7u:ut e 7u:5lin87es Aormo7ne <eto malesi qe sher?e7ne si u7en8arese te %rinit t9 .i, Matit e Sh<um?init, &r;enit e $shmit. 'e7sa;het e mre<ullueshme 8he n8erthur7a e ?imesise py7ore me len8inat 8he liqenet teper te shpeshta malore, si 8he po;i=ioni i >eCante :7eo:raAi<, e mun8esia e li8h7es me rru:e, e ?en ;onen shume atra<ti>e per ;h>illimin ne perspe<ti>e te turi;mit malor Malesia e Mermeni<es me relie> te =opetuar, <a teper te ;h>illuar ero;ioni 8he ?imesia e m?ulesa to<esore m?i per8oren per te 7etuar ?anoret e la?inot mait, shmilit e oren7es, malesia e :ollo?or8es 8allohet per relie>in Karsti< e te ;h>eshur, <a ren8esi si ure li8hese e <aAshe>e n:a maqe8onia ne =ermeni<e e martanesh. #u:u i Matit, <rahas ;h>illimit te ?u7qesise, <a py7e lisi ne reha?ilitim e siper. & :7ithe <7o ;one 8u<e perAshire e8he >ar:un <ru7e 8a7t, malin e s<en8er?eut e ate me :ropa si 8he 7en87a 8he p9r8orimi i ?urime>e natyrore per pro8him len8e ashtu e8he reha?ilitim te m7e8isit te ?io8i>ersitetit, >e=anerisht ne Bal:7a75 #iqenet e #ures, 8uhet te :7en8en mun8esi per punesim te popullates lo<ale si 8he 8uhen m?eshtetur sher?ime te n8ryshme m7e8isore psh shit7a e <re8ite>e te <ar?onit
Malesia e Martaneshit 8he .erqanit e qua7tur si malesia e py7e>e 8eri ne >itin 1110 eshte prere pothu7ase plotesisht, >eCanerisht py7et me arnen, pishe te ;e;e e ah. Ne teresi ;ona mun8 te <onsi8erohet si ham?ari $ Aurni;imit me u7e te Shqiperise. Krahas Aurni;imit me u7e te Tiranes me rreth 1 milion ?anore n:a Burimet e Malit me ropa 8he te Bo>illes ne <ete ;one <ane ?urime te ren8esishme shum=ia e lumen>7e te Shqiperise si %rin D;alli Bulqi;e e ,<shtunit, Sh<um?iniD!rapuniF #umi i Matit Dn:a MartaneshiF&r;eni eTer<u;a. &shte ;ona qe i hap rru:en e ;h>illimit te turi;mit malor per :7ithe Shqiperine e mesme, Tiranen, &l?asanin, %urresin, Kru7en, Burrelin et7. %u<e qene ?ash<eshoqeruese e <ori8orit te transportit te Sh<um?init, si 8he ne poten=e m?artese e rru:es se )r?erit, <a mun8esi te me8ha ;h>illimi ne perspe<ti>e. 'y7et e prera <ane shen7a riperterit7e te mire. 'araqitet shume e ren8eishme m?ro7t7a n:a ;7arret. 'er ren8esine qe paraqet si per rua7t7en e ?urime>e u7ore te Shqiperise e Tiranes, ?io8i>ersitetin e pasur 8he pe7sa;het e mre<ullueshme, mun8esine e Turi;imit malor, shoqeruar me pele:rina;het ne >en8et e shen7ta, si 8he per >lerat histori<e e tra8ita>e te ;ona>e te ?anuara si Shen:7er:7i, uri $ Bar8he, .erqani,
Tirane, Mars 2005
11
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut &lement9t <ryesor :7eo:raAi<e '9rsh<rim i sh<urt9r i tyre lu:un e >il;es, Bi;en e Sh9n:7er:7in mi8s tyre me py7et 8he pe7sa;het pi<tores<e, si 8he me aAersine me qytetin e Tiranes oAro7ne mun8esi te me8ha per ;h>illimin e turi;mit Velipo7a :7en8et n9 ;onen >eri5 per9n8imore t9 >en8it, 8he <uAi;ohet B n:a >eriu me to<at ?u7qesore t9 <omun9s s9 Velipo79s 8he la:7en Bora75Velipo79, n9 >eri5 lin87e me rru:9n auto Sh<o89r5 Velipo79 8he Sh<oll9n, n:a lin87a me rru:9n auto 8he to<a ?u7q9sore, n:a 7u:5lin87e me pla;hin e Velipo79s, n:a 7u:u me 8etin )8riati<, n9 7u:5per9n8im, per9n8im, Veri5per9n8im me lumin Buna, q9 9sht9 8he <uAiri shtet9ror me Malin e .i. Sistemi la:unor JKune5VainK >en8oset n9 t9 8y an9t e :ry<98er8h7es s9 lumit %rin, n9 ;on9n ?re:8etare >eriore t9 rrethin e #e;h9s. N:a Sh9n:7ini 8eri te< :ry<98er8h7a e lumit t9 Matit, ;ona ?re:8etare 9sht9 e ul9t 8he moCalore. K7o p9rAshin la:un9n ?re:8etare t9 Vainit 8he Ee<9s n9 p7es9n per9n8imore t9 lumit 8he Kune5n, Mer@hani5n, 8he K9nall95 n, n9 at9 >eriore t9 ti7. Sistemi la:unor 9sht9 10515 <m i :7at9 8he / <m i :7er9, me n79 sip9rAaqe rreth 2,1** ha, n:a t9 =ilat 1,165 ha sip9rAaqe u7ore, 215 ha py7e 8he 200 ha li:atina. Komple<si i 8elt9s la:unore t9 #e;h9s <a pes9 pes9 sisteme t9 n8ar9 t9 li:atina>e ?re:8etare, si 8he <a 8he py7e, sh<urre, <ullota 8he to<9 ?u7q9sore, :79 q9 e ?9n at9 ;one e r989sis9 <om?9tare 8he 7en87a 8he p9r8orimi i ?urime>e natyrore Martaneshi, Ballen7a, #a?inoti, eshte me ren8esi qe te Aillo7ne pro=e8urat per ta propo;uar ne "N&SE, si ;one te >e=ante te ?iosAeres Velipo7a n8o8het n9 p7es9 7u:5per9n8imore t9 qytetit t9 Sh<o8r9s. .ona e Velipo79s, p9rAshi 8he la:un9n e Vilunit, 9sht9 e shpallur si ;on9 e m?ro7tur, re;er>9 natyrore e mena@huar respe<ti>isht n9 <at.$V5t t9 sistemit t9 ;ona>e t9 m?ro7tura D sipas $"EN5s9F, n9 >itin 115*, 8u<e u >9n9 n9n m?ro7t7e t9 posaCme n9 n79 sip9rAaqe pre7 200 ha, me p9r?9r7e <omple<se siB sip9rAaqe py7ore /5/ ha, sip9rAaqe u7ore e <9neta 2*6 ha, 8he sip9rAaqe 7o5pro8huese rreth sa79 61 ha. N89rsa la:una e Vilunit q9 9sht9 p7es9 e <9sa7e ;one <a n79 sip9rAaqe pre7 150 ha, e =ila 9sht9 e per?9r9 n:a /2 ha py7e, 8he 23/ ha sip9rAaqe 7o5py7ore. .ona e m?ro7tur si re;er>a natyrore e mena@huar e JKune5VainK5it n9 #e;h9 p9rAaq9son n79 ;on9 me >lera t9 larta e<olo:7i<e 8he ?io8i>ersiteti, si n79 <om?inim i rrall9 i element9>e natyror9 sit 9 to<9s 8he u7ra>e t9 9m?9la 8he t9 <ripura si 8he prania e ?im9sis9 py7ore 8he to<9s ?u7q9sore, 8u<e e ?9r9 <9t9 <omple<s me >lera t9 r9n89sis9 n89r<om?9tare. Strate:7ia e Bio8i>ersitetit, e hartuar 8he miratuar n9 4e>eri n9 >itin 2000, <a propo;uar n79 ristru<turim t9 n9n<ate:ori>e m?ro7t9se t9 !NM JKune5VainK, 8u<e propo;uar q9 ;ona e Kune5s Dp7esa per9n8imore e la:un9s s9 mer@hanitF me sip9rAaqe pre7 /00 ha t9 shpallet 8he ruhet si !e;er>9 Sh<en=ore e Kat. $5rt, n89rsa p7esa t7et9r pre7 rreth 1200 ha D plus 8he 2100 ha :ry<98er8h7et e lumen7e>e %rin 8he MatF te m?eten si re;er>a natyrore te
2. .ona ?re:8etare e Sh<o8r9s 8he #e;h9s DVelipo7a5 Kune Vaini F 8he #iqeni i Sh<o8r9s
Tirane, Mars 2005
12
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut &lement9t <ryesor :7eo:raAi<e '9rsh<rim i sh<urt9r i tyre n89r<om?9tare. #iqeni i Sh<o8r9s n8o8het n9 p7es9n >eri5per9n8imore t9 Shqip9ris9 8he n9 p7es9n per9n8imore t9 qytetit t9 Sh<o8r9s 8he p9r?ri <alas9 s9 lasht9 t9 !o;aA9s. .ona e m?ro7tur p9rAshin 12.000 ha sip9rAaqe, pre7 s9 =il9s 15.000 ha 9sht9 sip9rAaqe u7ore. (sht9 propo;uar si ;on9 e m?ro7tur n89r<uAitare, Dn:a Strate:7ia e Bio8i>ersitetit D2000F, q9 i p9r<et <ate:oris9 s9 <at9rt t9 $"EN5s9. K7o sip9rAaqe u7ore <onsi8erohet si n79 n:a ;onat m9 t9 r9n89sishme p9r shpen89t n9 &>rop9. )ty :7en8en aAro 30 llo7e shpen89sh u7or9, e 7an9 ?lini D79i%enser sturioF. #iqeni <a 8he ?im9si u7ore, si ;am?a<u i u7it :&m%haea alba; :u%har luteum, 8he :&m%hoides %eltata, 8he Tra%a natans. %elta e %rinit 9sht9 n79 ;on9 shum9 e r9n89sishme q9 m?an n9 se;onin 8im9ror shpen89 t9 rral9 8he t9 rre;i<uar si <ormorant9t DPhala9ro9ora< %&/meusF 8he lun8r9n D)utra lutraF. N9 ;on9 e Kune5>ainit :7en8en spe=ie q9 m?rohen n:a <on>enta n89r<om?9tare, si p.sh. =hinolo%hus eur&ale; lakuri1i (=. >errue1uinum? !&otis m&otis"; 7%odemus m&sta9inus, shqip7a laramane D71uila 9lan/aF, rosa D7&th&a n&ro9a";1i@ti6ski@tert( !il(us 7en87a 8he p9r8orimi i ?urime>e natyrore mena@huuara t9 <at. $V5t te $"EN5s9. #iqeni i Sh<o8r9s 9sht9 m9 i ma8hi n9 Ball<an, me n79 sip9rAaqe totale pre7 /6* <m2, pre7 s9 =il9s 131 <m2 7an9 n9 an9n Shqiptare. #iqeni rrethohet n:a li>a8he 8he q9n8ron n9 <9m?9t e malit t9 Tra?oshit. Thell9sia e liqenit 9sht9 mes. 2510 m. #iqeni i Sh<o8r9s <ara<teri;ohet n:a n79 >e:7eta=ion i pasur me m9 shum9 se *0 spe=ie u7ore 8he ?re:8etare, si 8he ?im9sh ma=rophite si 'otamo:etonia=ea, Eypera=eae 8he !anun=ula=eae, 8he Alora e ti7 e li8hur Ailo:7eneti<isht me at9 t9 8etit 8he <u :7e7me :a'as marina et7. 7en8en 8he spe=ie en8emi<e si !arsilea 1uadri@olia; :u%har luteum; :&m%hea marina ss%., spe=iet t9 n9nu7it t9 Aamil7es Potamo/eton s%%., si !irio%h&llum s%i9atum 8he Aerato%h&llum demrsum; apo 8he t9 :7inis9 Ahara. N:a spe=iet <9r=ellore8he notuese m9 8ominuese 7an9 Phra/mites australis; S9hoeno%le9tus la9ustris, et7. !reth liqenit :7e7me 8he siperAaqe t9 m?uluara me shel: DSali< @ra/ilisF 8he >ra<inus ornus. N9 liqenin e Sh<o8r9s :7en8en 31 llo7e peshqish, pre7 t9 =il9>e 30 L 7an9 spe=ie t9 Aamil7es A&%rinidae, me 8y n:a spe=iet m9 t9 r9n89sishme sit 9 Eyprinus =aprio 8he )l?urnus al?orella, :79 q9 tre:o7n9 <ara<terin su?tropi=al t9 liqenit. "7rat periAeri<e, t9 Ares<9ta 8he t9 past9ra, 8ominohen n:a Aamil7a Salmonidae. N9 liqen :7en8en 8he spe=iet t9 rralla t9 pesh<ut q9 mi:ro7n9 n9 8et si 79i%enser sturio; 7n/uila an/uila; !u/illidae 8he 7losa @ala< niloti9a. N9 liqen 7an9 >ro7tuar rreth 2*0 spe=ie ;o:7sh, 8he p9r>eC peli<anit <aCurrel
Tirane, Mars 2005
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Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut &lement9t <ryesor :7eo:raAi<e '9rsh<rim i sh<urt9r i tyre mil(us ? !. !i/rans". %elta e %rinit strehon :7ithashtu 8he le7le<un ( Ai9oni@ormes "; si 8he e:reta e >o:9l ($/retta /arzetta"; Botaurus stellaris; rosat ( 7nas %enelo%e; 7nas 9re99a; 7nas 9l&%eata"; syar:7en8i (Bu9e%hala 9lan/ula"; ?a7;a (>uli9a atra"; .anellus (anellus; Trin/a totanus.*'ithashtu /'enden dhe 12 spe=ie molusqesh, 23 spe=ie reptil9sh, 116 spe=ie ;o:7sh, 8he 2/ llo7e :7itar9sh. 7en87a 8he p9r8orimi i ?urime>e natyrore DPele9anus 9ris%usF, :7en8en 8he shume spe=ie t9 n8ryshme si t9 :7inis9 <ormorant DPhala9ro9ora< s%%"., Podi9e%s s%%.; 7&th&a s%%., CaA<a D>uli9a atraF, )arus ridibundus 8he $/retta /arzeta; $/retta alba; Platalea leu9orodia, i?ishi D'le:a8is Aal=inellusF, ;h:a?a D*&%s @ul(usF 8he +&dro%ro/ne ts9he/ra(a
!. PRSHKRIMI I BURIMEVE NAT RORE"TURISTIKE

!.1.BURIMET
NAT RORE T RAJONIT VERIOR
'7esa >eriore e Shqip9ris9 eshte <ryesisht n7e ;on9 malore, 8he <7o sip9rAaqe 9sht9 e p9r?9r9 n:a male t9 lart9 8he lu:ina t9 thella. '9r sh<a< t9 p7err9si>e t9 thepisura n9 <9t9 ra7on malor a<ti>itetet <ryesore t9 ?u7q9sis9 ;h>illohen >et9m n9 lu:ina. '9r <9t9 sh<a< popullsia e <9ti7 ra7oni <a m?etur relati>isht e >arA9r. !a7oni >erior <ara<teri;ohet n:a prania e ?ollshme e ?urime>e natyrore 8he e sisteme>e u7ore 8he lumoresi liqeni i Sh<o8r9s, sistemi la:unor Kune5 Vain, liqenet a<ullna7or9 t9 #ur9s 8he #iqeni i .i, ;ona t9 m?ro7tura 8he parqe <om?9tare si Thethi, #ura, Val?ona, 8he py7e t9 >ir:7er si ato t9 Mal9sis9 s9 ashit, #i>a8hit ta Harushes, 8u<e <ulmuar me ?7esh<9t e namuna t9 )lpe>e t9 Shqip9ris9. Ky peisa;h pi<tores<, pothu7ase i papre<ur 8he i >ir:79r, 9sht9 n79 ?urim natyror ?a;9 p9r ;h>illim p9rmes t9rheq7es s9 turi;mit malor 8he e<oturi;mit. Ni>eli i ulet i te ar8hura>e ne tre>at malore re;ulton n:a n7e sere Aa<toresh te n8ryshem perAshi <etu papunesine e larte, pro8himet ?u7qesore te uleta 8he pam7aAtueshmeria e to<es per ?anoret >en8as. Ne <ete ra7on, >arAeria 8he 8e:ra8imi i ?urime>e natyrore 7ane te li8hura n:ushte. Burimet natyrore lua7ne n7e rol te ren8esishem per perm?ush7en e ne>o7a>e te per8itshme te popullates 8he qen8rueshmerine e e<onomise lo<ale Vleresimi i VarA9ris9 n9 200/ tre:on se ?anoret e Aerma>e malore <ane ;ene siperAaqe me te >o:la to<e 8he >aren te< ?u7qesia si i >etmi ?urim te ar8hurash me shume se ?anoret e ra7one>e e t7era. 'ra<ti<at ?u7qesore 7o te qen8rueshme <ane <ontri?uar ne 8e:ra8ime serio;e te to<es. 4e pre7 >itit 1111, to<at <ane marre len8e ushqyese te pam7aAtueshme, 8u<e n8i<uar ne ul7en e
Tirane, Mars 2005
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Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut per?eres>e or:ani<e, a;otit 8he natriumit, <rahasuar me 20 >7et me pare. %ritherat e pam7aAtueshme, pra<ti<at <ulti>uese 8he meto8at e papershtatshme te rua7t7es se to<es <ane sh<a<tuar :7ithashtu 8e:ra8imin e to<es. 'er>eC <esa7, Aermere>e u mun:o7ne mun8esite per permiresimin e te<nolo:7ise 8he n7ohurite per<atese &ro;ioni i to<es eshte ?ere n7e pro?lem serio;. Mi<ro?a;enet e 7a8rit 8he te Kirit 7ane n7e <er=enim i >a;h8ueshem perm?yt7esh per qytetin e Sh<o8res e -ushen e .a8rimes. 'er sh<a< te tyre lumi i Bunes eshte ?ere i palun8rueshme 8u<e i sh<a<tuar n8ryshime te n87eshme ?i;nesit Sh<o8ran, qe histori<isht <a qene i li8hur me pranine e ani7e>e ne ane te Bunes qe n8i<onte per import e<sporte intensi>e. "7em?le8hesit qe <ane ;anaAillen apo 7ane p7ese <ryesore per?erese e >eriut te ShqOiperise shAaqin pro?leme te per?ash<eta, siB DiF rrit7e e shpeshtesise 8he permasa>e te perm?yt7e>e, DiiF rrit7e e se8imente>e te 8epo;ituara 8he n8esh7a e to<a>e te <ripura ne ;ona te uleta te ?a;ene>e te lumen7>e, DiiiF ul7a e =ilesise se u7ra>e. Me:7ithese <lima 8he :7eolo:7ia e <esa7 ;one te >en8it Aa>ori;o7ne erosionin e larte natyror, shtrir7a e <eti7 Aenomeni <a tashmea permasa so=ial5e<onomi<e 8he eshte sh<a<tuar n:aB DaF <ulti>imi i to<a>e ?u7qesore me poten=ial te larte ero8imiI D?F <thimi ne to<a te re7a i py7e>e 8he <ullota>e 8he per8orimi i tyre me <ultura te papershtatsheme ?u7qesore, D=F shpylle;imi i to<a>e te p7errta py7oree a?an8onimi i tyre pas >itit 1111I 8he D8F m?i<ullot7a e to<a>e py7ore 8he <ullosore n:a :7e8het, 8hente e 8hite. Si re;ultat, <7o ;one ne 8e<a8en e Aun8it <a pesuar 8e:ra8ime serio;e te ?urime>e natyrore 8he ul7e te pro8himit rural N7e n8er sAi8at e ar8heshme eshte e8he ne>o7a per te a8aptuar <ua8rin e mena@himit te pell:7e>e u7em?le8hes, psh 8u<e <om?inuar masat per restaurimin e pro8himtarise se to<es me ato qe :7enero7ne te ar8hura, 8u<e Aor=uar e8he me te7 <apa=itetin e shoqata>e te per8orues>e, 8u<e rritur me shume rolin e <omunitete>e 8u<e <alimit te py7e>e e <ullota>e ne pronesi te <omuna>e si 8he >a;h8imit te 8e=entrali;imit 8he ristru<turimit te a8ministrates py7ore.
!.2.ALPET SH#IPTARE VERIORE

)lpet perAshi7ne p7esen >eriore te >en8it, relie>i ityre <a pam7e te rralle me <reshta e shpate te thepisura, ma7a te mprehta te 8h9m?9;uara 8he te ;h>eshura, me hone, <anione e :ry<a te n:ushta per:7ate lu:ina>e te thella te m?ushura me pra:7e, 8u<e per?ere :rum?ullin malor m9 t9 ashper 8he me te =opetuar ne te :7ithe >en8in, 8u<uri <7o e li8hur me m?i;oterimin e Aormime>e :7eolo:7i<e te Aorta,>eprimin intensi> te :eryer7es, <arstit, a<u7>e e 8e?ores, te =ilat n8i<o7ne ne Aormimin e liqene>e a<ullna7ore me >lera te me8ha e<olo:7i<e e sh<en=ore )lpet shtrihen ne >eri te lumit %rin. ropa e Tropo7es 8he rr7e8ha e poshtme e lumit te Val?ones, i n8a7ne n:a ra7oni >erilin8or.)lpet <ane :7atesi 63 <m 8he :7eresi 60 <m me siperAaqe 2200 <m2, ;ene rreth *L te siperAaqes se >en8it. 'er momentin )lpet paraqiten te i;oluar, rru:et qe i li8hin ata me p7eset e t7era ?ren8a 8he 7ashte >en8it 7ane te pa<ta 8he ne :7en87e 7o te mire.&8he ?ren8a alpe>e li8h7et 7ane te >eshtira, rru:et <alo7ne ne qaAa te larta qe ne 8imer 7ane te pa<alueshme. N8ertim :7eolo:7i7etra ata te paleo;itit,me te =ilat li8hen pasurite minerale te <uar=ite>e ne lu:inat lumore. elqeroret qe >i7ne n:a mese;oiti <ane perhap7en me te :7ere, qe sher?e7ne si ?a;e e ?o<sitet>e.-ormo7ne <urri;et <ryesore te alpe>e, te per;iera me 8olomitet 8he te mo8eluar n:a <arsti Aormo7ne ne alpe n7e relie> teper te ashper. Ne Tirane, Mars 2005 15
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut alpe hasen e8he 8epo;itime Alishore, qe nene n8i<im e ero;ionit <ane Aormuar relie>e me te ?utas m7aAt te =optuara n:a rr7e8h7et u7ore si 8he sh<em?en7te ma:mati<e 7ane si ultra?a;i<e ashtu e8he ?a;i<e, 8he sher?e7ne si ?a;e e polimetale>e. %u<e qene te patrtetshem <ane Aormauar reie> m7aAt te ashper. #art9sia mesatare e alpe>e arrin ne 1500 m m?i 8et, ma<simal7a eshte ne +e;er=e me 2613 m. #artesite me te me8ha ta<ohen ne p7esen q9n8rore e. Hi8ro:raAia <a <ara<ter alpin 8he <a pasuri te me8ha u7ore, qe >i7ne e8he n:a sasia e ma8he e resh7e>e te shiut e te ?ores qe <ane mesatare qe le>i; n:a 1*00 mm ne lin87e 8eri ne /100 mm ne >it ne p7esen peren8imore.Shtimi i u7it ne pran>ere >ere li8het e8he me sh<ir7en e 8e?ores qe n:an7ehere i <alon 3 m ne )lpe. #umen7te <ryesore me prur7et e tyre mesatre ne )lpe 7ane Shala //m/I Val?ona /5 m/I Eurra7 5 Ni<a7 15m/I Eemi 26m/I Kiri 12m/I +ane rreth /0 #iqene n8er te =ilet me te permen8urit 7ane ato te Mal9sise se ashit Syl?i=es 8he +e;er=es. 4,.,+, A?p#t8 pr$&#n n<a $??o@#8 a?%i8 9urri=# a?or d&# ?u<ina %i po%&t
Blloe 8he rrethohet n:a :ropa, lu:7e e lu:ina te thella. Ma7a e +e;er=es shoqerohet e8he me 13 te t7era me lartesi m?i 2200 m. Malesia e ma8heB per?ehet n:a <urri;e, ?lloqe e male te larta siB B7esh<et e Nemuna me ma7a te thepisura e te larta 8eri 2550 m, me plla<at <arsti<e te VeleCi< Bri8ashit, si 8he me Aorma te shumta<arsti<e.Ne p7esen >eriore te <esa7 malesia eshte #u:ina e Vermoshit me >esh7e te 8en8ur ?imore, ne 7u: >i7o7n9 B5 lu:ina e 'erroit te thate e lu:ina e KiritI mi8is tyre <urri;i malor Marana7 6Bi:a e ima7>e 8he Eu<al Bi:a e ima7>e Malesia e ashit me per?er7e ma:mati<e, relie> te ashper, me Aorma te shumta a<ullna7ore me liqene te >o:la me ?u<uri te rralle, py7e e <ullota te pasura. Kurri;i Toplane5Ma7a e Boshit, shtrihet ne li8n7e te Shales 8he ne >eri ?ash<ohet me <urri;in Mertur 5 .ha?orre. Kurri;et n8ahen n:a lu:ina e Eurra7t 8he <ane ?imesi te 8en8ur py7ore. #u:ina e Val?ones me Aormen e n7e :o>atete ma8he te mo8eluar n:a a<u7t ne p7esen e siperme, 8u<e <ri7uar Aorma te >e=anta har<ore e <anione me n:ushtimet e ;:7erimet e sa7, ne ;:7erime 7ane >en8osur Val?ona %ra:o?ia e !a:ami Sipas anali;es <rahasuese t9 ra7one>e t9 ;:7e8hura p9r <ara<teri;imin :7eo:raAi< 8he so=ial5 e<onomi<, stu8imi qarteson natyr9n rurale t9 Aenomenit t9 >arA9ris9 n9 Shqip9rin9 >eriore 8u<e the<suar Aa<tin se a7o m?etet n9 ni>ele relati>isht t9 larta <eahasuar me shiArat mesatare p9r >en8in. K7o p9r sh<a< t9 mun89si>e t9 <uAi;uara p9r pun9, >eCanerisht n9 <9t9 ;on9, 8he si rr7e8ho7e e t9 ar8hura>e t9 ulta, <ryesisht n9 8e:9n e ?u7q9sis9.
!.2.2. $THETHIA B PAR! !OMBTAR DHE *ON TURISTI!E MA"ORE CSH!ODR6MA"SI E MADHED
T&#t&iE6i %i P! <a n79 sip9rAaq7a 2/00 ha, 8he Aillon n9 aA9rsi t9 runas5it n9 260 m lart9si m?i ni>elin e 8etit, 8he lart9sia sh<on m?i 1*00 m. .ona e Thethit shtrihet ne Krahin9n Malore Veriore t9 Shqip9ris9, n9 :7er9sit9 :7eo:raAi<e 31P31G35K 6 31P52G15K 8he :7at9sit9 :7eo:raAi<e
Tirane, Mars 2005
16
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut 20P10G52K 6 20P1/G55K. Ka n79 sip9rAaqe totale pe7 /.000 ha, 8he ?9n9 p7es9 n9 7uri8i<sionin e rrethit t9 Sh<o8r9s. !ru:a automi?ilisti<e p9r n9 Theth 9sht9 Sh<o89r5M.Ma8he6Bo:5Theth. #art9sia e p9r:7ith9shme m?i ni>elin e 8etit 9sht9 1200 5 1*00 m, n89rsa lart9sia mesatare 9sht9 1/00 m. #art9sia m9 e >o:9l Dminimale *00 m n9 Aashatin Bra8oshni=9 n89rsa lart9sia ma<simale arrihet n9 <uot9n 2200 m. N9 <9to limite lart9sish n:a *00 5 1*00 m, >e:7eto7n9 n79 shum9llo7shmeri ?im9sie 8rusore si )hu, Bre8hi, 'isha e .e;9, )rrmeni, Hormoqi , M9ll9;a, -rash9ri, et7. K9to llo7e >e:7ito7n9 ?ren8a arealit t9 tyre, shumi=a n8o8hen t9 th7esht9 8he rrall9 t9 p9r;ier me llo7e t9 t7er9. 6Prro' i =ado/oshit me 8re7tim ' 5 #, m?le8h u79rat e prros<a>e q9 rr7e8hin n:a lumi i +a>arit 8he 8er8hen n9 #umin e ashit, por m?etet i rre;i<sh9m 8he e <a shum9 t9 ;h>illuar Aenomenin e ero;7onit. 6 Prro' i Poli/a's dhe !ulla@9it, po me t9 n797tin 8re7tim '5 #, m?le8h u7rat e prro7t t9 MullaA=it 8he ?ash<ohen t9 8y m?i Bre:un e Mo?anit 8he Aormo7n9 n79 prrua t9 ma8h 8he 8er8hen ne lumin e ashit, p9rroi i 'oli:a7es peraqet rre;i<shm9ri t9 >eprimit ero;ional. 6 Prro' i Torkuzit, e8he <y <a 8e7time ' 5 #, nu< paraqet rre;i<shm9ri. 'rren79 te t7er9 t9 r9n89sish9m q9 e p9rsh<o7n9 e<onomin9 n9 <rahun e 87atht9 7an9 'rroi i Basha Ha78arit 8he ai i 'ren=it, t9 8y <9ta prren7 nu< paraqesin rre;i<shm9ri t9 ma8he. 'rren7t9 e t7er9 7an9 t9 >e:79l 8he nu< <an u79 :7at9 :7ith9 >itit. 'othua7 se n9 t9 :7ith9 e<onomin9 9sht9 i p9rhapur n79 rr7et i 8en8ur ?urimesh me u79 t9 pi7sh9m. 4,.,F,+ E9o%i%t# #t p:'or# d&# $iodi;#r%it#ti n GT&#t&G, rum?u7t py7or9 t9 <9ti7 masi>i <an >lera t9 larta ?io8i>ersiteti q9 Aormo7n9 e<osisteme t9 r9n89sishme t9 Alor9s t9 llo7e>e Dah, pan79, ?re8h, hormoq, m9ll;9, sh<o;9, Arash9r, >9rri, arrnen,et7.F.'roCeset natyrore <9tu ;h>illohen n9 mun:es9 t9 C8o n89rhyr7e humane, 8he si i till9 n9 Theth :7e7m9 py7e t9 >ir:79r 8he e<osisteme natyrore interestante me spe=ie t9 rralla t9 Alor9s 8he Aaun9s. N9 <9t9 ;on9 ta<ohen rreth 10 llo7e ?imore t9 rralla. Thethi <ara<teri;ohet n:a py7e, <ullota 8he li>a8he alpine 8he su?alpine. K9tu n8eshen prania e n79 larmie shoq9rimesh ?imore si e ahut me ?re8hin e ?ar8h9, me ?oroni=9n, me 7s%erula odorata t7. N9 lart9sit9 2505*00 m :7en8en llo7et sh<o;9 DAar%inus orientalis5F, Arash9r D>ra<inus ornus5F, 8he la7thi D Aor&llus a(ellana5F, n9 lart9sit9 *0051.*00 m ?im9sia 8ominohet n:a py7e t9 llo7e>e ah D>a/us sil(ati9a5F, n9 t9 8y an9t e lu:in9s, e shoq9ruar <7o n9 8isa >en8e me llo7et e plepit t9 e:9r DPo%ulus tremula5F, pan7a Alet9rrap D79er %seudo%latanus5F, ?re8hi i ?ar8h9 D7bies alba5F, 8he tisi DTa<u< ba9ataF 8he me lart9 me llo7et pish9 e ;e;9 D Pinus ni/ra 7rnoldF, rro?ulli DPinus heldre9hi5F, 8he m9 n9 lart9si, n9 4aA9n e 'e79s :7en8en :rum?u7 me hormoq DPi9ea abies5F q9 9sht9 <uAiri m9 7u:or i <9sa7 spe=ie n9 &>rop9. N9 Celtira ta<ohen Ca7i i ?7esh<9>e, n9nishte shqiptare DEistus albanikusF. N9 rr9<et9 rritet n79 ?im9i e pasur hi:ro5hi8roAile e 8ominuar n:a Aaltha %alastris; Pin/uikula hirti@lora; Pol&/onatum odoratum; et'. Speciet endemike. N9 masi>in e Thethit :7en8en spe=iet en8emi<e t9 rralla si Cul@enia balda99i; DShte:u i %hen>eF, 8he llo7et B Petasites doer@leri; )ilium albani9um; .iola du9a/'ini9a; Teu9rium arduini; !i9rmeria %ar(i@lora; 7thamantha turbith; 7s%erula s9utellaris; Aam%anula albani9a; Aol9hi9um autumnale; *entiana lutea; 7tro%a belladonna. #umi q9 p9rsh<on Thethin Tirane, Mars 2005 12
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut 9sh9 i pasur me pesh< t9 llo7e>e troAt9 DSalmo trutta marmoratus dhe Salmo trutta ma9rosti/maF. Thethi 9sht9 n:a >en8et e rralla <u :7en8et Salamandra atra 8he spe=ie t9 t7era t9 rralla amAi?9sh si Triturus al%estris; Bombina (arie/ate; 7l/&roides ni/ro%un9tatus; )a9erta a/ilis; Aoronella austria9a; .i%era ss%. et7. N:a ;o:7t9 m9 re;i8ent 7an9 qu<api<9t D 'i=iAormes5F, s<iAter9t 8he <or?9t D-al=oniAormes5F. Fauna . N9 <9t9 ;on9 8allohen :7itar9t e m98hen7 siB )riu DDrsus ar9tosF, "7e 8he shpen89>e t9 t7er9, si shqipon7a e malit, ;>arrani<9 t9 n8rysh9m si :7arprin7t 8he llo7i <ara<teristiit t9 J"u it t )a%&itK eshte 10.121,25 ha. Shtrihen n9 .on9n Malore Veriore t9 Shqip9ris9, n9 :7er9sit9 :7eo:raAi<e 31P31G35K 6 31P52G15K 8he :7at9sit9 :7eo:raAi<e 20P10G52K 6 20P1/G55K. Ka n79 sip9rAaqe totale pe7 /.000 ha, ?9n9 p7es9 n9 7uri8i<sionin e rrethit te Tropo79s. #umit te ashit sipas >en8as>e thirret 8he Mullare<a.T9 :7ith9 p9rren7t9 8he prros<at 8er8hin u7rat e tyre n9 #umin e ashit. & :7ith9 sip9rAaq7a q9 e <a 8er8h7en e u7ra>e n9 #umin e ashit 8ire<t ose n9 p9rren7t9 q9 7an9 8e:9 t9 <9ti7 lumi, 8u<e Ailluar n:a %e?er8oli 8eri n9 Shoshan, p9r?9n9 masi>in e #umit t9 ashit. KuAin7t9 e masi>it py7or G"u iA 7an9 n:a >eriu <uAiri shtet9ror i !epu?li<9s me Malin e .i D+u:oslla>in9F, me ma79n e Ka7raAilit me <uot9 2151.0 m 8eri te< qaAa e )li Eeles, n:a lin87a me 4aA9n e %e?er8olit, me Ma79n e .e;e 23*0 m, 4aAa e 'er?u7es, Ma7a e Tin:9llim9s 2162 m, Ma7a e +a?llarit 8he e !a8osh9s, n:a 7u:u ma7a e Bra8oshni=9s, 4ypi i ra=it, 8he n:a per9n8imi 8u<e Ailluar n:a Ma7a e Bra8oshni=es, <urri;et n:a ma7a e 'lla?es, Ma7a e !upes, Kun7i i )rme>e, Ma7a e Mar<oA=es, Ma7a e Ka7raAilit. N9 <9t9 ;on9 :7en8et >etem Ashati Brado%&ni( i =ili n8o8het ne p7esen e poshteme te ;on9s. Bren8a <9sa79 ;one nu< e<;iston asn79 rru:9 automi?ilisti<e. #ar:9sia mesatare n:a p7esa m9 e aA9rt e sa79 me qytetin e B,1urrit eshte 10 <m, <urse p7es9t e lar:9ta 255/0 <m.
!.2.2 VALBONA
DHE
LUGINA
VALBONS &TROPOJ'
Val?ona 9sht9 n7i n:a lu:inat m9 t9 pyll9;uara t9 )lpe>e. 'are. )7o 9sht9 qen8ra e )lpe>e lin8ore 8he Lugina e Valbons 9sht9 >en8i m9 m?res9l9n9s n9 <9t9 ;on9. N9 Aillim t9 lu:in9s :7e7m9 liqenin a<ullna7or t9 Vali5t q9 shtrihet mi8is ma7a>e t9 )li5s 8he 'oplu<a5s n9 7u:5 per9n8im t9 ?llo<ut malor t9 +e;er=9s 8he q9 p9rAun8on n9 Ashatin !ra:am. M9 te7 8re7t lu:in9s aty e 8he ;:7erime>e, t9 n8ra n:a >en8<laime. K7o ;on9 9sht9 <ar?onati<e 8he Aormohet n:a 8etashmentet a<ullna7ore 8he te<toni<e. N9 <9t9 p7es9 t9 Val?on9s p9rAun8on 8he 8e:9;imi i prro7it t9 Ku<a75t. #u:ina e Ku<a75t 9sht9 tipi<e a<ullna7ore e Aormuar mi8is male>e t9 +e;er=9s 8he KollataHs. #umi i Val?on9s 9sht9 m?resl9n9s 8he n:a ?urimet e sa79 n9 p7err9sin9
Tirane, Mars 2005
1*
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut lin8ore t9 4aA9s s9 Val?on9s. N9 u79>ar9n e Val?on9s u7i ;h8u<et D?9het i pa8u<sh9mF n9n ;allishtet5:9lqerore t9 lu:in9s.Klima e Val?on9s 9sht9 malore, me 8im9r t9 ahsp9r 8he me shum9 resh7e 8he ?or9 D2,0*2 mmF, n:ri=a, er9ra t9 Aorta, 8he temperatura mun8 t9 ;?res n9 6 20 PE. Flora dhe fauna. N9 lart9sit9 60051,200 m, t9 ;ones s9 Val?on9s 8he !ra:amit, :7en8en py7e ahu D>a/us sil(ati9a5F, 8he n9 to<9n e sh<riAt9 n:a !ra:ami n9 Val?on9, D10051,000mF, :7e7m9 py7e ma8h9shtor9 me hormoq DPi9ea abies5F, n79 Alor9 <7o <ara<teristi<e e &>rop9s 49n8rore. 7ithashtu rritet 8he hartina DPinus sil(estris5F, ?re8hi i ?ar8h9 D7bies alba5F, 8he pisha e ;e;9 DPinus ni/ra5F. N9 Val?on9 :7en8en spe=ie t9 rralla si )s=hillea :ran8iAolia, Minuartia ?al8a==i, 'lanta:o reniAormis, S=rophularia ?osnia=a, Teu=rium ar8uini, TriAolium pile;ii, #unaria tele<iana. N:a peshqit n9 lumin e Val?on9s :7en8et troAta DSalmo trutta; marmoratttusF. N9 Val?on9 :7en8et :7ithashtu 8he Salaman8ra salaman8ra, Triturus alpestris, !ana temporaria, Bom?ina >arie:ata, Vipera spp.. N:a shpen89t :7en8en spe=ie t9 rralla si :7eli i e:9r DTetrao uro/allusF, 8he Bonasa ?onasia. N89rsa n:a :7itar9t 7an9, ariu murme DDrsus ar9tos "; ma=7a e e:9r, u7<u, 8hi7a e e:9r, 8he 8reri, n89rsa :7at9 rr7e8h9s s9 Val?on9 :7en8et 8he lun8ra.
!.2.3 LI#ENI I SHKODRS
#iqeni i Sh<o8r9s n8o8het n9 p7es9n >eri5per9n8imore t9 Shqip9ris9 8he n9 p7es9n per9n8imore t9 qytetit t9 Sh<o8r9s 8he p9r?ri <alas9 s9 lasht9 t9 !o;aA9s. .ona e m?ro7tur p9rAshin 12.000 ha sip9rAaqe, pre7 s9 =il9s 15.000 ha 9sht9 sip9rAaqe u7ore. (sht9 propo;uar si ;on9 e m?ro7tur n89r<uAitare, Dn:a Strate:7ia e Bio8i>ersitetit D2000F, q9 $ p9r<et <ate:oris9 s9 <at9rt t9 $"EN5s9. K7o sip9rAaqe u7ore <onsi8erohet si n79 n:a ;onat m9 t9 r9n89sishme p9r shpen89t n9 &>rop9. )ty :7en8en aAro 30 llo7e shpen89sh u7or9, e 7an9 ?lini D79i%enser sturioF. #iqeni <a 8he ?im9si u7ore, si ;am?a<u i u7it :&m%haea alba; :u%har luteum, 8he :&m%hoides %eltata, 8he Tra%a natans. #iqeni i Sh<o8r9s 9sht9 m9 i ma8hi n9 Ball<an, me n79 sip9rAaqe totale pre7 /6* <m2, pre7 s9 =il9s 131 <m2 7an9 n9 an9n Shqiptare. #iqeni rrethohet n:a li>a8he 8he q9n8ron n9 <9m?9t e malit t9 Tra?oshit. Thell9sia e liqenit 9sht9 mes. 2510 m. 0?ora d&# fauna # ?i@#nit t S&9odr%, #iqeni i Sh<o8r9s <ara<teri;ohet n:a n79 >e:7eta=ion i pasur me m9 shum9 se *0 spe=ie u7ore 8he ?re:8etare, si 8he ?im9sh ma=rophite si 'otamo:etonia=ea, Eypera=eae 8he !anun=ula=eae, 8he Alora e ti7 e li8hur Ailo:7eneti<isht me at9 t9 8etit 8he <u :7e7me :a'as marina et7. 7en8en 8he spe=ie en8emi<e si !arsilea 1uadri@olia; :u%har luteum; :&m%hea marina ss%., spe=iet t9 n9nu7it t9 Aamil7es Potamo/eton s%%., si !irio%h&llum s%i9atum 8he Aerato%h&llum demrsum; apo 8he t9 :7inis9 Ahara. N:a spe=iet <9r=ellore8he notuese m9 8ominuese 7an9 Phra/mites australis; S9hoeno%le9tus la9ustris, et7. !reth liqenit :7e7me 8he siperAaqe t9 m?uluara me shel: DSali< @ra/ilisF 8he >ra<inus ornus. N9 liqenin e Sh<o8r9s :7en8en 31 llo7e peshqish, pre7 t9 =il9>e 30 L 7an9 spe=ie t9 Aamil7es A&%rinidae, me 8y n:a spe=iet m9 t9 r9n89sishme sit 9 Eyprinus =aprio 8he )l?urnus al?orella, :79 q9 tre:o7n9 <ara<terin su?tropi=al t9 liqenit. "7rat Tirane, Mars 2005 11
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut periAeri<e, t9 Ares<9ta 8he t9 past9ra, 8ominohen n:a Aamil7a Salmonidae. N9 liqen :7en8en 8he spe=iet t9 rralla t9 pesh<ut q9 mi:ro7n9 n9 8et si 79i%enser sturio; 7n/uila an/uila; !u/illidae 8he 7losa @ala< niloti9a. N9 liqen 7an9 >ro7tuar rreth 2*0 spe=ie ;o:7sh, 8he p9r>eC peli<anit <aCurrel DPele9anus 9ris%usF, :7en8en 8he shume spe=ie t9 n8ryshme si t9 :7inis9 <ormorant DPhala9ro9ora< s%%"., Podi9e%s s%%.; 7&th&a s%%., CaA<a D>uli9a atraF, )arus ridibundus 8he $/retta /arzeta; $/retta alba; Platalea leu9orodia, i?ishi D'le:a8is Aal=inellusF, ;h:a?a D*&%s @ul(usF 8he +&dro%ro/ne ts9he/ra(a.
!.2.4 ZONA
TURISTIKE
$VELIPOJ ) VILUN% &SHKODR'
Velipo7a n8o8het n9 p7es9 7u:5per9n8imore t9 qytetit t9 Sh<o8r9s. .ona e Velipo79s, p9rAshi 8he la:un9n e Vilunit, 9sht9 e shpallur si ;on9 e m?ro7tur, re;er>9 natyrore e mena@huar respe<ti>isht n9 <at.$V5t t9 sistemit t9 ;ona>e t9 m?ro7tura D sipas $"EN5s9F, n9 >itin 115*, 8u<e u >9n9 n9n m?ro7t7e t9 posaCme n9 n79 sip9rAaqe pre7 200 ha, me p9r?9r7e <omple<se siB sip9rAaqe py7ore /5/ ha, sip9rAaqe u7ore e <9neta 2*6 ha, 8he sip9rAaqe 7o5pro8huese rreth sa79 61 ha. Velipo7a :7en8et n9 ;onen >eri5per9n8imore t9 >en8it, 8he <uAi;ohet B n:a >eriu me to<at ?u7qesore t9 <omun9s s9 Velipo79s 8he la:7en Bora75Velipo79, n9 >eri5lin87e me rru:9n auto Sh<o89r5Velipo79 8he Sh<oll9n, n:a lin87a me rru:9n auto 8he to<a ?u7q9sore, n:a 7u:5lin87e me pla;hin e Velipo79s, n:a 7u:u me 8etin )8riati<, n9 7u:5per9n8im, per9n8im, Veri5per9n8im me lumin Buna, q9 9sht9 8he <uAiri shtet9ror me Malin e .i. N89rsa la:una e Vilunit q9 9sht9 p7es9 e <9sa7e ;one <a n79 sip9rAaqe pre7 150 ha, e =ila 9sht9 e per?9r9 n:a /2 ha py7e, 8he 23/ ha sip9rAaqe 7o5py7ore. .ona turisti<e, ose pla;hi i Velipo79s <a n79 sip9rAaqe rrethe *00 ha. Vzhgim eko-gjegrafik i Velipojs. Komple<si e<olo:7i< Velipo795Vilun :7en8et n9 rrethin e Sh<o8r9s, i7a <uAitare <alon p9rmes rr7e8h7es s9 posht9me t9 Bun9s, 8he <7o ;on9 p9rAshin rreth * <m :7at9si ?re:8etare, 8he ishullin e -ran= +o;eA5it. #a:una e Vilunit n8o8het ne aA9rsi t9 re;er>9s natyrore t9 Velipo79s. .ona ?re:8etare e Velipo79s me orientim n:a per9n8imi n9 lin87e, <ara<teri;ohet n:a n79 ?re:8et ranor, i Aurni;uar n:a prur7et e lumit t9 Bun9s, i =ili li8h liqenin e Sh<o8r9s me 8etin )8riati<. .ona <a n79 lar:esi 22 <m n:a qyteti i Sh<o8r9s. 7eolo:7ia e sa79 9sht9 e p9r?er9 n:a 8epo;itime t9 pa<ta t9 sh<9m?i7>e t9 &o=enit 8he ,li:o=enit, 8he ;ona 9sht9 e p9r?9r9 n:a se8imentet e <uaternarit, <ryesisht me rer9ra t9 imta n9 ?re:8et., i =ili p9r?ehet <ryesisht n:a lu>ione t9 lumen7>e te Bun9s 8he %rinit. Vi7a ?re:8etare n:a po;i=ioni q9 <a 8he n:a 8unat 8etare n9nu7ore e n8ryshon Aorm9n 8he po;i=ionin e sa79 leht9sisht :7at9 stuhi>e 8etare 8he p9rm?yt7e>e, <ryesisht n9 pran>ere 8he >7esht9. Mi8is llo7e>e t9 al:a>e ma<roAite ta<ohen >u9us (irsoides, spe=ie en8emi<e e 8etit )8riati< si 8he Pol&si%honia elon/ata; S&stoseira er9e/o(i9i. +an9 :7en8ur 8he 8elphin9 8he ?resh<at, n89rsa Ao<a e Mes8heut, !ona9hus mona9hus eshte n7e >i;itore shume e rrale 8he rastesore.
Tirane, Mars 2005
20
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut 'ell:u u79m?<e8h9s i la:un9s s9 Vilunit me n79 sip9rAaqe 150 ha 8he n79 thellesi 0.5 m p9rAshin 500 ha to<9 ?u7q9sore, /*1 ha py7e 8he 20 ha <ullot9. #a:una e Vilunit, <omuni<on n9 m9nyr9 t9 >a;h8ueshme me 8etin p9rmes n79 <anali 500 m t9 :7at9 8he /0530 m t9 :7er9. 'la;het ranore t9 <onturuara n:a 8unat 8etare 8he t9 m?uluara me 7mmo%hila arenaria e n8a7n9 at9 n:a 8eti. #a:uan 9sht9 n89r la:unat me r9n89si t9 >eCant9 ?io8i>ersiteti sepse a7o m?an llo7e sensisti>e n9 :ra8ient9 t9 n8ryshme t9 <ripshm9ris9. K9netat e sa79 me u79 t9 9m?9l 8ominohen n:a <allamishtet t9 p9r?9ra n:a Phra/mites s%%., Tu%ha s%%.; S9ir%us s%%.; Aare< s%%.; Sali9ornia herba9ea; Suaeda maritima; $r&n/ium 9am%estre. et7., n89rsa shoqerimi al:al m9 i :7en8ur 9sht9 ai me 4osteria noltti. #a:una e =e<9t 8he perm?yt7et e her9pas9her9shme oAro7n9 <ushte optimale p9r shpen89t e u7it si )r8ei8e, #ari8e, Ehara8ri8e et7. 're7 shpen89>e rr9m?yen79s p9rmen8im !il(us mi/rans; Air9us aeru/inosus; Buteo buteo; 8he 71uila 9lan/a. Shpen89 t9 shumt9 hara?elor9 >i;ito7n9 >i;ito7n9 ;on9n :7at9 shte:9timit ose :7at9 Aole;imit. #a:una e Vilunit 9sht9 n79 ;on9 poten=iale p9r llo7et :lo?alisht t9 rre;i<uara t9 :umenius tennuirostris 8he Pele9anus 9ris%us. )mAi?9 8he reptil9 t9 shumt9 ta<ohen <9tu, n89r t9 =il9t p9rmen8im Aoluber 'u/ularis; $m&s orbi9ularis. 're7 :7itar9>e n79 r9n89si t9 >eCant9 paraqet prania e lun8r9;9s, )utra lutra. Mesatarisht C8o >it pre7 la:un9s pesh<ohen rreth 100 <> qeAull, 100 <> n:7al9 D7n/uilla an/uillaF 8he rreth 20 <> le>re< D!orone labara<F. Ve:7<eta=ioni i ;on9s p9r?9het <ryesisht pre7 py7e>e Aletor9 <seri<9 su?mes8hetar9. Ve:7eta=ioni ?re:8etar p9r?9het pre7 shoq9rimesh ?imore mes8hetare 7/eo%&retum, por ta<ohen :7ithashtu 8he shoq9rimet e 7mmo%hiletum arundina9eum. $shulli i -ran= +o;eA5it ?9n p7es9 n9 py7et natyror9 t9 8elt9s s9 Bun9s, e p9r?9r9 pre7 <9netash t9 >7etra me ?im9si hi8ro5hy:roAile, li:atinash 8he <9netash t9 n7elm9ta 8he planta=ione t9 plepit D'opuluis spp.F. $shulli n9 >et>ete <a qen9 n79 ;on9 e r9n89sishme p9r Aole;imin e )r8ei8e>e DCap<a>eF 8he 'hala=ro=ori8e>e D<ara?ulla<9>eF, 8he sot si paso79 e shqet9simne>e ishulli nu< p9r8oret si >en8Aole;imi p9r <9to shpen89. %unat ranore mi8is 8etit 8he li:atina>e 7an9 t9 m?7ella me pish9 rreth /0 >7et m9 par9. Ve:7eta=ioni ori:7inal i 8una>e p9r?9het pre7 shoq9rimesh ?imore psamoAile t9 Aa<ile maritima; Eanthium strumerium. -usha e Velipo79s n9 ?r9n89si 9sht9 p9rAtuar n:a thar7a 8he ?oniAi<imi i 8i<ursh9m, reshtari, 8he si <ulot9 p9r ?a:9tin9. Kanalet <ullus 7an9 shpesh t9 in>a8uar pre7 ?im9sis9 u7ore, ata <onsi8erohen me eutroAi;im p9r sh<a< t9 a<ti>itete>e ?u7q9sore 8he sh<ar<ime>e ur?ane t9 ;ona>e t9 ?anuara. !e;er>ati natyror i Velipo79s <a n79 sip9rAaqe pre7 200 ha 8he 9sht9 n79 streh e r9n89sishme e shpen89>e mi:ratore t9 u7it. Bren8a ti7 mun8 te ;h>illohet :7uetia e <ontrolluar. !e;er>ati p9r?9het n:a n79 Alor9 e pasur py7ore 8he sh<urrore si B Arash9r D>ra<inus s%%. F, >i8h DDlmus s%%.F, 8ushqe D Fuer9us s%%.F, 'ish9 D Pinus s%%. F, Shel: D Sali< s%%.F, marina DTamari< s%%.F, Mespilus :ermani=a, sh<o;a D Aar%inus s%%.F, tr9n8aAili i e:9r D=osa s%%.F, 8he llo7e hi8ro5hy:roAile te plepit t9 ?ar8h9 DPo%ulus albaF 8he >9rri D7lnus /lutinosaF, t9 n8ar9 n:a 8unat ranore t9 m?7ella me pish9.
Tirane, Mars 2005
21
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut N89r shpen89t o?7e<t5:7uetie <9tu ta<ohen llo7e t9 n8ryshme rosash si B 7nas a9uta; 7. *l&%eata; 7. Plat&rh&n9hos; 7. Stre%era; 7. Are99a; 7. Fuer1uedula;; 7. Penelo%e; 7&th&a @erina; :etta ru@ina, ?a7;a D>uli9a atraF, shap<a DS9olo%a< rusti9olaF, :u:ashi DAulumba %alumbusF, turtulli D Stre%to%elia turturF 8he sh<urta DAoturnis 9oturnisF. N89r :7itar9t ta<ohen 8erri i e:9r DSus s9ro@aF, 8helpra D.ul%es (ul%esF, Ca<alli DAanis aureusF, ?al8osa D!eles melesF, qel?9si D!ustela %utoriusF et7.
Aktivitetet njerzore dhe turizmi. )<ti>itete :7ith9>7etore ne ;on9 7an9 ?u7q9sia 8he ?le:toria D8hent9, 8hit9, lop9t 8he <ua7tF, py7et, pesh<imi 8he turi;mi, por shpesh shihen 8he >eprimtari tra8i=ionale. 'opullsia e Ashatra>e, 'ula7 8he Velipo7e 9sht9 relati>isht e >o:9l. Ka 8isaa pesh<atar9 lo<al, q9 <ryesisht e ushtro7n9 a<ti>itetin e tyre n9 la:un9n e Vilunit 8he p9r:7at9 ?re:ut t9 8etit, t9 =il9t m?le8hin <ryesisht 8y>al>or9 D#ameli?ran<eF n9 ?re:8et 8he e<sploro7n9 la:unat. Ne <9t9 la:un9 mun8 t9 ushtrohet pesh<imi tra8i=ional 8he <ulti>imi i mi8h7es. Turi;mi >en8as 9sht9 a<ti> n9 stin9n e >er9s n9 pla;hin? e Velipo79s. Vitet e Aun8it n9 teritorin e Velipo79s 7an9 >9n9 re n89rtime pa le7e 8he n79 p7es9 9 tyre 9sht9 p9rshtatur per hoteleri p9r turi;9m. '9r a8ministrimin e p7es9s s9 re;er>atit t9 Velipo79s p9r:7i:7et %re7toria e 'er:7ithshme e 'y7e>e 8he Kullota>e D %''KF. !re;iqe 8he shqet9sime q9 e>i8entohen. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 '9r8orimi i pesti=i8e>e 8he plehra>e <imi<e p9r ?u7q9sin9. "7rat e to<a>e ?u7q9sore pompohen 8he 8er8hen n9 l<a:un9n e Vilunit pa u tra7tuar m9 par9. Shp9rn8ar7a e pa<ontrollura e u7ra>e t9 ;e;a 8he t9 ?ar8ha. Mos:rum?ullimi 8he mostra7timi i or:ani;uar i m?eturina>e ur?ane. Mi:ra=ioni masi> n:a ;onat malore5rurale p9r 8r7et <9ti7 teritori. &ro;ioni ?re:8et;ar, si8omos n9 :ry<98er8h7en e Bun9s 8he n9 p7es9n 7u:ore t9 pla;hit t9 Velipo79s. .7arret, <ullot7a me ?a:9ti 8he prer7et e py7e>e per 8ru ;7arri p9r n:roh7e. 'esh<imi ile:al, me p9r8orim t9 8inamitit 8he :7uetia e pa<ontrolluar mire. Mosrua7t7a en8e e plote e >llera>e ar<eolo:7i<e :7ate teritorit.
LIGATINOR*LAGUNOR I
!.2.5 KOMPLEKSI
$KUNE"VAIN"IT% &LEZH%'.
Si%t# i ?a<unor G!un#6VainA7 Sistemi la:unor JKune5VainK >en8oset n9 t9 8y an9t e :ry<98er8h7es s9 lumit %rin, n9 ;on9n ?re:8etare >eriore t9 rrethin e #e;h9s. N:a Sh9n:7ini 8eri te< :ry<98er8h7a e lumit t9 Matit, ;ona ?re:8etare 9sht9 e ul9t 8he moCalore. K7o p9rAshin la:un9n ?re:8etare t9 Vainit 8he Ee<9s n9 p7es9n per9n8imore t9 lumit 8he Kune5n, Mer@hani5n, 8he K9nall95n, n9 at9 >eriore t9 ti7. Sistemi la:unor 9sht9 10515 <m i :7at9 8he / <m i :7er9, me
Tirane, Mars 2005
22
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut n79 sip9rAaqe rreth 2,1** ha, n:a t9 =ilat 1,165 ha sip9rAaqe u7ore, 215 ha py7e 8he 200 ha li:atina. Komple<si i 8elt9s la:unore t9 #e;h9s <a pes9 pes9 sisteme t9 n8ar9 t9 li:atina>e ?re:8etare, si 8he <a 8he py7e, sh<urre, <ullota 8he to<9 ?u7q9sore, :79 q9 e ?9n at9 ;one e r989sis9 <om?9tare 8he n89r<om?9tare. .ona e m?ro7tur si re;er>a natyrore e mena@huar e JKune5VainK5it n9 #e;h9 p9rAaq9son n79 ;on9 me >lera t9 larta e<olo:7i<e 8he ?io8i>ersiteti, si n79 <om?inim i rrall9 i element9>e natyror9 sit 9 to<9s 8he u7ra>e t9 9m?9la 8he t9 <ripura si 8he prania e ?im9sis9 py7ore 8he to<9s ?u7q9sore, 8u<e e ?9r9 <9t9 <omple<s me >lera t9 r9n89sis9 n89r<om?9tare. Laguna e Vainit <a n79 sip9rAaqe totale pre7 *,15 <m2 me n79 :7at9si ma<simale pre7 3,25 <m, 8he n79 :7er9si pre7 2,25 <m. '7es9t <ryesore t9 la:un9s 7an9 Ee<a D3,1 <m2F, 8he .a7a D2,3 <m2F. Thell9sia mesatare e la:un9s 9sht9 0,2 m, <urse ma<simumi i 9sht9 1,2 m, 8he n:a e:79l, <omuni<ime t9 n8ryshme u7ore. #a:una <uAi;ohet n:a n7C prit9Q8i:9 q9 e n8an at9 n:a ;ona e la:ur ?re:8etare lin8ore. Laguna e er!hanit <a n79 sip9rAaqe /,1 <m2 , n79 :7at9si ma<simale 3,* <m 8he :7er9si 2,1 <m. Thell9sia mesatare 9sht9 0,25 m n89rsa ma<simumi 9sht9 1,/ m. Laguna e "nalls 9sht9 e >en8osur n9 s<a7in >eri5lin8or t9 sistemit la:unor t9 #e;h9s 8he 9sht9 shum9 m9 e >o:9l se t9 t7erat. Sip9rAaq7a e sa7 9sht9 0,2 <m2, me n79 :7at9si pre7 250 m 8he :7er9si 500 m. 'or a7o 9sht9 m9 e thell9 se la:unat e t7era Aqin7e, me n79 thell9si mesatare 3,2 m 8he ma<simale 1/,5 m. #umi %rin i p9rsh<on <9to la:una para se ai t9 m?ri79 8etin, 8he si i till9 shtrarti i lumit 9sht9 i :7er9 8he i =e<9t, 8he si paso7e :7at9 se;onit t9 r9nies s9 resh7e>e m?irr7e8h7a e lumit <ri7on li:atina se;onale. 4,.,3,+, Pr%&9ri fi=io9o6<'#o<rafi9i %i%t# it ?a<unor6G!un#6VainA,
.ona e m?ro7tur e JKune5VainK5it <a n79 sip9rAaqe pre7 3100 ha, n:a e =ila /00 ha i p9r<asin respe<ti>isht re;er>9s s9 Kune5s 8he /*00 ha ati7 t9 Vain5it 8he n9n;ona>e t9 t7era t9 ti7, Dla:una e K9nall9s, :ry<98er8h7a e %rinit5Ee<a, Tale5 ry<98er8h7a e MatitF. !e;er>a natyrore e Kune5s 9sht9 e rrethuar n:a <9neta e K9nall9s, ne >eri 8he to<a ?u7q9sore ne lin87e, lumi %rin n9 7u:i 8he 8eti )8riati< n9 per9n8im. N89rsa sip9rAaq7a e Vain5it 9sht9 e rrethuar n:a lumi %rin n9 >eri, <anali 8he o<a ?u7q9sore n9 lin87e, <anali >a8it9s 8he hi8ro>ori n9 7u: 8he 8eti )S8riati< n9 per9n8im. .ona e Kune5>ain5it 9sht9 n79 ;on9 me n79 r9n89si t9 >eCant9 p9r larmin9 e tipe>e t9 ha?itate>e q9 ?art 8he p9r arealin q9 a7o <ri7on p9r m?a7t7en e shpen89>e mo:ratore t9 8he n9 m9nyr9 t9 >eCant9 p9r <olonit9 e Cap<a>e D)r8ei8aeF. To<a 9sht9 t9r9sisht n79 li>a8h moCalor, e Aormuar n:a materiale ranore, e m?uluar n:a n79 shtres9 alu>ionale me trash9si rreth /0 =m. #art9sia m?i ni>elin e 8etit 9sht9 n:a 051 m, 8he pell:7et 8he moCalet e sa79 <omuni<o7n9 lirsh9m me 8etin. (sht9 e pasur me >e:7eta=ion u7or D t9 u7ra>e t9 n7elm9at 8he t9 9m?9laF me shtret9r t9 shtrir9 m7aAt9 mir9 t9 <allamishte>e t9 alternuar me pasqyra u7i. Komple<si li:atinor 8he to<at e p9r<9netuara 8he t9 <om?inuara <9to 8he me :ry<98er8h7en e lumit t9 Matit, <ri7o7n9 <ushte p9r m?a7t7en e n79 numri t9 <onsi8eruesh9m shpen89sh mi:ratore.
Tirane, Mars 2005
2/
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut !e;er>a natyrore e m9na@huar D!NMF e J Kune5VainiK5it, 9sht9 shpallur si re;er>at :7uetie q9 n:a >iti 1130, n8ersa q9 n:a >iti 1112 a7o Ailloi t9 mena@hohet si !NM e <ate:oris9 s9 $V D sipas <ritere>e te $"EN5"nioni Bot9ror i M?ro7t7es s9 natyr9sF. 'lani i Aun8it i mena@himit t9 <9sa7 sip9rAaqe 9sht9 hartuar n9 >itin 11*3. Strate:7ia e Bio8i>ersitetit, e hartuar 8he miratuar n9 4e>eri n9 >itin 2000, <a propo;uar n79 ristru<turim t9 n9n<ate:ori>e m?ro7t9se t9 !NM JKune5VainK, 8u<e propo;uar q9 ;ona e Kune5s Dp7esa per9n8imore e la:un9s s9 mer@hanitF me sip9rAaqe pre7 /00 ha t9 shpallet 8he ruhet si !e;er>9 Sh<en=ore e Kat. $5rt, n89rsa p7esa t7et9r pre7 rreth 1200 ha D plus 8he 2100 ha :ry<98er8h7et e lumen7e>e %rin 8he MatF te m?eten si re;er>a natyrore te mena@huuara t9 <at. $V5t te $"EN5s9.
4,.,3,., Tip#t 9r:#%or# t $i %i% 7 #imsia ujore B 4oostera nolti; =u%%ia 9irrhosa; )emna minor, a>ia stellata. #imsia higrofile B Phra/mintes australis; T&%ha an/usti@olia; S9ir%us maritimus; S9ir%us la9ustris. #imsia hilofile B Bash<9shoq9rimet ?imore 8ominohen n:a :7inia 7rthro9nemum (7rthro9nemum @ruti9osum; 7. Perenne; 7. *lau9um; Sali9ornia euro%aea; )imonium (ul/are; Gnula 9rithmoides; +alimione %ortula9oides; 7rtemisia 9oerules9ens, n:a :7inia Hun9us (H. 79utus; H. !aritimusF, 8he n:a :7int9 S9ir%us; Sa99harum; Planta/o dhe S9hoenus ( S9ir%us holos9hoenus; Sa99harum ra(ennae; Planta/o 9rassi@olia; S9hoenus ni/ri9ans". #imsia psamofile B Aakile maritima; Eanthium strumarium; Salsola kali; A&%erus 9a%itatus; S%orobolus %un/ens; $9hino%hora s%inosa; $r&n/ium maritimum; !edi9a/o marina; 7mmo%hila arenaria. #imsia p$jore dhe shkurrore % Shoq9rimet ?imore5py7ore 8ominohen n:a >9rriri D7lnus /lutinosaF 8he Arash9ri D>ra<inus an/usti@olia5F, por :7en8en 8he >i8hi DDlmus minor5F, rr9n7a DFuer9us robur", plepi DPo%ulus albaF, Aerra D=ubus ulmi@oliusF, murri;i DAratae/us mono/&nna5F, por 8he =osa sem%er(irens; Tamari< dalmati9a; +edera heli<; Smila< as%era; Peri%lo9a /rae9a; Alemati9s (iti9ella; )&thrum sali9aria; 7s%ara/us a9uti@%lius; *alium a%arine; 7/rostis stoloni@era.N:a sh<urret :7en8en shpesh llo7et e :7inis9 Tamari@, +un=us 8he Sali@. 0auna 7 %elta e %rinit 9sht9 n79 ;on9 shum9 e r9n89sishme q9 m?an n9 se;onin 8im9ror shpen89 t9 rral9 8he t9 rre;i<uar si <ormorant9t DPhala9ro9ora< %&/meusF 8he lun8r9n D)utra lutraF. N9 ;on9 e Kune5>ainit :7en8en spe=ie q9 m?rohen n:a <on>enta n89r<om?9tare, si p.sh. =hinolo%hus eur&ale; lakuri1i (=. >errue1uinum? !&otis m&otis"; 7%odemus m&sta9inus, shqip7a laramane D71uila 9lan/aF, rosa D7&th&a n&ro9a";1i@ti6ski@tert( !il(us mil(us ? !. !i/rans". %elta e %rinit strehon :7ithashtu 8he le7le<un ( Ai9oni@ormes "; si 8he e:reta e >o:9l ($/retta /arzetta"; Botaurus stellaris; rosat ( 7nas %enelo%e; 7nas 9re99a; 7nas 9l&%eata"; syar:7en8i (Bu9e%hala 9lan/ula"; ?a7;a (>uli9a atra"; .anellus (anellus; Trin/a totanus.*'ithashtu /'enden dhe 12 spe=ie molusqesh, 23 spe=ie reptil9sh, 116 spe=ie ;o:7sh, 8he 2/ llo7e :7itar9sh.
Tirane, Mars 2005
23

!.2.6 $LURA%" PK"DHE $P
LLI I
ALLAMANIT%.
4,.,4,+, Pr%&9ri i i <'#nd'#% % pr<'it&%& #, Vargmalet e Lurs shtrihen mi8is lu:in9s s9 %rinit t9 .i, Matit, Srriqes 8he .allit t9 Bulqi;9s. N:a p7esa q9n8rore e masi>it, mi8si Shte:utQVen8<alimit t9 'ort9s, Komit, Murr9s, 8he -ush95 Murr9s, :ry<9s s9 No<9s5)rren 8he lu:in9s s9 "ra<9s, :7en8en pam7e ma8h9shtore peisa;histi<e. #artsit9 e <9tyre male>e arrin7n9 n9 m?i 2,000 m, 8he <9to lart9si 7an9 t9 shoq9ruara me r9n7eQ:remina t9 thepisura me 8h7etra metra. Sip9rAaq7a <a n79 :7eomorAolo:7i interesante. Var:mali i #ur9s 9sht9 n9 qen89r t9 shtrir7es 8he <uAi;ohet n:a lu:ina e #ur9s n:a n79ra an9 8he n:a a7o e .all5Melthit n:a ana t7et9r. 7at9 <9ti7 >ar:u 8allon n79 <reshte me stru<tur9 t9 >eCant9 t9 Aormuar n:a erio;ioni e =ila <a pam7en e n79 haren8im t9 K9shillit t9 Ministra>e Nr. 16, 8at9 21.11.1166, ersitetit, n9 >itin 2000, si ;on9 stri<t e m?ro7tur. 'are %i?9r, Mat e Mir8it9. Shtrihet n9 Aaqen lin8ore t9 masi>it malor RKurrora e #ur9sR, me n79 :7at9si 1.6 <m. To<at 7an9 t9 murrme py7ore 8he li>a8hore malore, t9 pasura me humus, Ara:mentare, m?i sh<9m?in7 ma:mati<e ultra?a;i<9. Numri i ?anore>e ne <omunen e #ures eshte rreth 5000 >ete. B9n p7es9 n9 ;on9n <limati<e mes8hetare, n9n ;ona malore lin8ore. Ta<ohen 8y ;ona ?im9sie, e ahut, 8he alpine. N9 par< :7en8en shoqerime me llo7et halore 8he :rum?u7 py7ore t9 p9r?9r9 n:a 8y <ate 8rur9sh. VeC ahut e arnenit ta<ohet 8he rro?ulli, ?re8hi, hartina, pisha e ;e;9 8he rralle tisi. Shum9 rrall9 ta<ohen sh<urre si Ser@ele e Ia%hne bla/a&ria. Sh<urre;at e ?oroni=9s 8he :rathata :7en8en :7ithan8e7. Ta<ohet ?oshtra si ?im9 en8emi<e e Shqip9ris9 8he !u8ithi Shqiptar si ?im9 su?en8emi<e. N89r llo7et e rralla 8he t9 <9r=9nuar p9rmen8im lule to:9;i, ?ela8ona, :entiana, lule ?asami, ri:oni i <uq, salepet, ;am?aer8h9 et7. Ne 'K5#ur9 :7en8et 8he ;ona me liqenet a<ullna7or9 t9 shumt9 n9 p7es9n lin8ore t9 Ne;h89s s9 #ur9s, D12F, pre7 t9 =il9>e * 7an9 u79m?a7t9s :7ith9>7etor9, me ?im9si u7ore D;am?a<et e u7itF 8he Aaun <ara<teristi<e m7aAt t9 >eCant9 p9r >en8it ton9. #iqe7t m9 t9 m8hen7, 7an9 pes9, #iqeni i Ma8h, #iqeni i 'isha>e, #iqeni i .i, #iqeni #op9>e 8he #iqeni i #ule>e. N9 ;on9n e #ur9s ta<ohen :7itar9 t9 m98hen7 e t9 m?ro7tur si ariu DDrsus ar9tos", u7elis l&n<", 8hia e e:9r D=u%i9a%ra ru%i9a%ra", <aprolli DAa%reolus 9a%reolus", 8he n89r shpen89t >e=o7m9 pranin9 e :7elit te e:9r DTetrao uro/allus" 8he shqipon7a D71uila 9hr&saetos". &$lli i arnenit t Allamanit, me siperAaqe 1000 ha, propo;ohet p9r !e;er>at Sh<en=or, pasi p9r?9n t9 >etmen ;on9 me pyll t9 >ir:7er natyror t9 arnenit D Pinus %eu9e"; 8ru reli<t q9 8uhet marr9 n9n m?ro7t7e stri<te. '9r>eC >lera>e n7oh9se, sh<en=ore 8he e<onomine e natyr9s, ;ona n7ehera;i <a >lera t9 m98ha esteti<e, pei;a;hore, turisti<e m7aAt terh9q9se p9r >i;itor9t >en8as 8he t9 hua7. 'asurit9 natyrore 8he ?iolo:7i<e, ?u<urit9 e pei;a;hit aAro7n9 poten=iale t9 m98ha p9r ;h>illimin e turi;mit.
Tirane, Mars 2005
25
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut Flora dhe fauna. N9 'K5#ur9 :7en8en n79 larmi spe=iesh t9 Alor9s 8he Aaun9s 8he n7e <omple<s e<osistemesh natyrore 8he peisa;histi<e. Si ?im9si py7ore :7en8en ahu D>a/us sil(ati9a5F, pisha e ;e;9 DPinus ni/ra5F, ?re8hi i ?ar8h9 D7bies alba5F, arrneni DPinus heldre9hiF, rro?ulli D%inus %eu9he5F, 8he <9to t9 <om?inuara me li>a8he alpine. K9tu :7en8en 8he spe=ie en8emi<e 8he su?en8emi<e shum9 t9 rralla t9 Alor9s 8he Aaun9s <ontinentale si Eampanula tymphaea, entiana lutea, Ealtha palustris, )=hillea Araasii, )ra?is ?ryoi8es, Erepis ?al8a==ii, Metampyrum hera=leoti=um, Narthe=ium s=ar8i=um, 'aeonia mas=ula. N:a :7itar9t m9 t9 r9n89sish9 :7en8en ariu murm9 DDrsus ar9tos5F, riqe?ulli D>eli< l&n<5F, ma=7a e e:9r, 8hi7a e :9r, et7., n89rsa n9 liqene :7en8en peshq t9 llo7it troAt9 D Salmo trutta @ario; Triturus al%estrisF et7. T DHNA PR POPU""SI DHE )JENDJEN E!ONOMI!O6SO1IA"E Popu??%ia d&# <'#nd'a # %a' #9ono i9o6%o(ia?#, 'opullsia e p9r:7ithshme e ra7onit 9sht9 1*/,223 ?anore. !reth 21,5L e popullsis9 totale 7eto7n9 n9 ;onat rurale, shiA9r <7o m9 e larta se n9 t9 :7itha ra7onet e t7era. M9 1111 ra7oni <ishte n79 Aor=9 pune pre7 105,/*1 n7er9; 8he n:a t9 =il9t rreth 11L e tyre 7an9 t9 papune. N:a *5,102 t9 pun9suar :7ithse7, rreth *0L e tyre 7an9 t9 >et9pun9suar. Si ;on9 <uAitare eAe<tet e tre:tise s9 lir9, me >en8et Aqin7e a<oma nu< 7an9 n87er9. K7o si rr7e8ho79 e paq9n8rueshm9ris9 politi<e t9 Aqin7e>e 8he t9 >et9 ra7onit. T9 shtyr9 n:a n79 mori Aa<tor9sh so=ial, e<onomi<9 Dn89r t9 t7era n79 pa:e mesatare n9 se<torin shteterore pre7 11,61/ le<eF, :7eo:raAi<e 8he <ulturore, rrethet e <eti7 ra7oni <an9 q9n9 8he n79 n:a ?urimet <ryesore t9 mi:ra=ionit te ?r9n8sh9m. M'#di%i $u'@%or Ni>eli i ul9t i t9 ar8hura>e shp7e:ohet <ryesisht me ma8h9sin9 e <uAi;uar t9 sip9rAaqes s9 to<9s n9 ;ot9rimI m?i 30 L e Aamil7e>e t9 n7.e.?. ;ot9ro7n9 n:a 0.651 ha to<9. Shumi=a e Aamil7e>e rurale nu< pro8ho7n9 n9 m9nyr9 t9 m7aAtueshme p9r plot9simin e ne>o7a>e t9 tyre p9r <onsum siC 7an pro8u<te t9 tilla si Aruta, perime, Aasule, 8rith9ra, et7. )nali;a <rahasuese e tre:ues>e so=ial5e<onomi< 8he 8emo:raAi< sipas ra7one>e tre:on p9r n7e ten8en=9 t9 t9 ar8hura>e t9 n.e.?. 8he t9 t9 ar8hura>e p9r Aryme n9 ;onat rurale t9 7en9 m9 t9 ulta n9 Veri t9 >en8it. K7o mun8 t9 shp7e:ohet me <ushtet me t9 Aa>orshme <limateri<e 8he t9 to<9s, ma8h9sis9 s9 to<a>e ?u7q9sore si 8he sisteme>e m9 te inte:ruara t9 tre:7e>e 8he t9 pi<a>e t9 shp9rn8ar7es 8he mos>ler9simit t9 ?urime>e natyrore 8he sh9r?ime>e e<onomi<e 8he turisti<e q9 ato oAro7n9. T ard&urat u'or#
Ba;uar n9 t9 8h9nat e >ro7timit t9 <ryer n:a 4ShK& re;ulton q9, rreth :7ysma e Aamil7e>e rurale D50LF 7eto7ne n9 n7e ni>el t9 ar8hurash 8eri n9 10,000 le<9 n9 mua7 D20 "ST n9 mua7 ose 2./5 "ST ne 8iteF, si 8he shumi=a e tyre D6/LF <an9 s9 paarAerin9 a?solute, por 8u<e iu reAeruar Strate:7ise se !rit7es &<onomi<e 8he "l7es s9 VarA9rise t9 4e>eris9 shqiptare, t9 Tirane, Mars 2005 26
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut ar8hurat p9r Aryme p9r p7es9n 89rrmuese t9 <9tyre Aamil7e>e rurale D:7ysma e tyre 7eto7n9 me n79 ni>el t9 ar8hurash q9 nu< i <alon 10,000 le<9 n9 mua7F 7an9 m9 pa< se 2 "ST n9 8it9I n9 Aa<t shiAra 9sht9 m9 e ul9t se 1 "ST n9 8it9 p9r shumi=9n e tyre.
+. ANEKSE (
+.1. P JET DHE KULLOTAT " HISTORIKU I ZHVILLIMEVE T T RE
Ne ;onat malore te >eriut te Shqiperise, pylli sher?en si ?urim e<;isten=e, te mirash materiale 8he te ar8hurash per ta. Ne ra8he te pare, 8rute e ;7arrit qe pro8hohen pre7 >ete Ashatare>e, pa permen8ur 8he n7e p7ese te mire te popullsise qytetese qe Aurni;ohen me 8ru ;7arri, 7ane 7eti<e per n:roh7e e :atim per pothua7se :7ithe >itin, si<urse 8he pro8himi i ?a;es ushqimore e <ullot7a, por te =ilat nu< e>i8entohen ne statisti<at ;yrtare. 'o ashtu, >lera e tyre nu< pasqyrohet :7e<un8i ne ''B. Ne te n7e7ten <ohe, mos>leresimi 8he mosperAshir7a e Aun<sione>e m7aAt te >leAshme te pyllit, por en8e pa tre:ues te >leres se tre:ut, nu< pasqyro7ne <ontri?utin real te se<torit te py7e>e ne <ua8rin e e<onomise <om?etare. Ketu permen8im sher?imet m7e8isore qe oAro7ne py7et, si m?ro7t7a e pasuri>e te to<es 8he u7ra>eI m?ro7t7a e ?io8i>ersitetitI m?ro7t7a e pro8hime>e ?u7qesore n:a Aa<toret 8emtues <limateri<e, se<uestrimi i <ar?onit 8he pa<simi i n:roh7es :lo?aleI <ushtet per hi7e, <enaqesi 8he Clo8h7eI m?ro7t7a e ;ona>e ?re:8etare 8he pesh<imit. per tGu the<suar 7ane 8he perAitimet 8ire<te e 7o8ire<te te se<tore>e pu?li<e e pri>ate, :7ate ushtrimit te >eprimatri>e te tyre ne py7e e <ullota. '.sh. m?ro7t7a e ?asene>e u7em?le8hes te hi8roCentarel>e, por K&SH nu< <ontri?uon Ainan=iarisht per <ete m?ro7t7e te pyllit. 'o <eshtu ;h>illimi i turi;mit, i =ili per8or territore m7aAt te :7era te Aon8it py7or, 8he <ontri?uti i ti7 ne 8re7tim te rua7t7es e ;h>illimit te py7e>e eshte ;ero, et7. 'ra <eto marre8henie te pyllit me te trete, te =ilet perAito7ne n:a Aun<sionet e ti7, 8uhen i8entiAi<uar 8he 8uhen perAshire ne ''B te Se<torit te py7e>e 8he me :7ere. Kesiso7 e8he 'oliti<at e<onomi<e te n87e<ura 8eri ne Aun8 te >ite>e 1110 neperm7et shpylle;ime>e, prer7e>e masi>e, <ullot7es se pa<ontrolluar 8he ;7arre>e, 8u<e mos u 8hene ren8esine e 8uhur aspe<te>e m7e8isore, u pasuan 7o th7esht me pa<esimin e siperAaqes e te >ellimit 8rusor te Aon8it py7or, por e8he me paso7a e<olo:7i<e e m7e8isore si 8e:ra8imi i to<es, shtimi i ero;ionit, hum?7e e n87eshme e ?io8i>ersitetit, 8eri ne ate sh<alle sa te ;h8u<en, te <er=enohen e rrallohen n87eshem n7e numer i <onsi8erueshem llo7esh te Alores e Aaunes se e:er. 'laniAi<imi m7e8isor 8he i pasuri>e natyrore, perAshire py7et 8he <ullotat, 8uhet te ?a;ohet :7ithen7e e me teper ne <on=eptin e pell:7e>e u7em?le8hes, se sa ne n7esi te >o:la m?areshtrimi, si<urse >eprohet sot ne se<torin py7or. K7o 8o te lehtesonte i8entiAi<imin e <osto>e 8he Aitime>e ne p7esen e siperme e te poshtme te pell:utI po ashtu 8o te permiresonte <oor8inimin e planiAi<imit 8he ;h>illimit. 4e>eris7a e py7e>e, per >ete <ushtet ne te =ilat n8o8hen py7et ne Shqiperi, 8uhet te ?a;ohet ne parimet e ;h>illimit te qen8rueshem te ;ona>e malore, o?7e<ti>at <ryesore te te =ilit 7aneB DiF Tirane, Mars 2005 22
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut permiresimi i pasuri>e natyrore 8he <ushte>e te 7eteses se popullsise ne <eto ;ona, 8he DiiF m?ro7t7a e interesa>e 7etesore te p7eses poshte rr7e8h7es u7ore. 'ro:ramet per m?areshtrimin e pell:7e>e u7em?le8hes <ane ten8en=e te perqen8rohen ne p7eset e poshtme te pell:ut 8he ne ;:7i8h7et te<ni<e, 8he me pa< ne ne>o7at e =astit te popullsise >en8ore ne p7eset e siperme apo ne rru:et per perAshir7en e tyre. %uhen <om?inuar e ?alan=uar te 8y o?7e<ti>at, pasi eshte e <uptueshme se =8o ;:7i8h7e aAat:7ate ne m?areshtrimin e pell:7e>e 8uhet te m?a7e parasysh ne>o7at e ;h>illimit 8he rolin e popullsise >en8ore ne m?areshtrimin e pell:7e>e. 'ersa i per<et m?areshtrimit 8he m?ro7t7es se pell:7e>e malore, <er<ohet perAshir7a me e ma8he e popullsise ne planiAi<imin 8he plotesimin e strate:7i>e 8he pro:rame>e, shpesh me perAitime 8ire<te per popullsine e ;ona>e malore. Ven8i i se<torit te py7e>e e <ullota>e ne e<onomine <om?etare -on8i py7or 8he ai <ullosor se ?ashen8it. Bu7qesia 8he pylltaria 7ane 8y <omponente te ren8esishem ne ;h>illimin e per8orimit te to<es ne ;onat rurale 8he te li8hura n:ushte per:7ate historise se ;h>illimit te shoqerise n7ere;ore. %he ne realitet, Ashataret 7ane pi<erisht ata qe qe>erisin n7e<ohesisht ?u7qesine e py7etI tipi<e 7ane sistemet e n8ryshme te a:ropylltarise. Ne sistemet e a:ropylltarise, <ulturat ?u7qesore, 8ruret 8he ?le:toria m?areshtrohen ne te n7e7ten n7esi terreni. 'o ashtu, ne n7e pell: u7em?le8hes, ;a<onisht Ashataret mun8 te per8orin p7esen e siperme per pyll Dper material 8rusor 8he m?ro7t7e n:a ero;ioni, <rahas n8i<ime>e e<olo:7i<e e shoqeroreF 8he <ullote, <urse p7esen e poshtme per <ultura ?u7qesore. Kushtet e<olo:7i<e te py7e>e e <ullota>e !elie>i i >en8it eshte <ryesisht <o8rinor5malor, me sh<alle te larte te =opetimit hori;ontal e >erti<al, <ryesisht me Aorma=ione ma:mati<e e se8imentareI me p7erresi te ma8he te shpate>e, p7eserisht i paqen8rueshem, to<at e ;ona>e malore, 7ane ne per:7ithesi te =e<ta 8he shAaqin n7e li8h7e te Aorte me sh<em?in amesor n:a i =ili <ane ar8hur. Me:7ithese to<a eshte per:7ithesisht e =e<et, hasen 8he to<a mesatare ose mesatare ne te thella, ne >aresi te terrenit, illohen py7et 8he <ullotat me pro8himtari te larte. Ne anen t7eter, p7elloria e to<es nu< mun8 te per=a<tohet per thellesine 205/0 =m te to<a>e siperAaqesore ne <arstet :elqerore. & ren8esishme eshte se ne te =arat mi8is ?lloqe>e sh<em?ore :elqerore :7en8et to<e e mire, 8u<e <ri7uar to<e Ai;iolo:7i<isht te thelle, e:7eto7e. Ne per:7ithesi, to<at 7ane shume te n87eshme n8a7 ero;ionit siperAaqesor 8he ati7 ne thellesi, po qe se m?ulesa >e:7etati>e natyrore e tyre prishet 8he shtresa e holle e to<es e<spo;ohet n8a7 thatesires ne mua7t e >eres 8he n8a7 shira>e torren=iale :7ate 8imrit.
Tirane, Mars 2005
2*
TAB,+, PYJET N *ONN VERIORE B HIERAR!IA E SIPR0AQES
NQ! 1. 2. /. 3. 5. 6. 2. *. 1. 10. 11.
!rethi 'u<a Mir8ita Sh<o8ra Mati Tropo7a M. Ma8he Ku<9si %i?ra Bulqi;a Hasi #e;ha TOTA"I
Sip9rAaq7a, ha *2.*10 63.2*0 53./00 52.120 3/.000 30.000 /6./50 //.510 21.500 22.200 1*.2/0 -5.,/+F
Pyjet ne Zonen Veriore-Hierarkia e Siperfaqes

Pu Mird. Shk Mt Trop. M.Madhe Ku Dib. Bu q. Hs !e
Tirane, Mars 2005
21
Ta$, ., TE DHENA PER E!SPORT6IMPORTIN E "ENDES SE DRURIT DHE ARTI!UJVE PREJ DRURI CINSTAT8 .FF/D &mertimi &<sporti $mporti Bilan=i tre:tar D&<sp5$mpF per pro8hime 8ruri e letre 1116 2001 !aporti ne L 2001Q1116 212 226 115
526 1,251 22* 1,262 5 2,212 5 /,202
Te dhena per "ksport-#$port e !endes se drurit dhe %rtikuj&e te drurit
2000 1500 Sasia 1000 500 0 1996 Viti 2001 Eksporti Importi
Verehet se si e<sporti, ashtu 8he importi, <ane rrit7e :7ate <etyre >ite>e. &>i8en=a tre:on se per >itin 2000, aAro 61./L e e<sportit ne >leAte ishte me reqine D<a mun8esi per sh<a< te e<sportit te qymyr8ruritF. N8ersa ?ilan=i tre:tar e<sportQimport eshte m7aAt ne:ati>, qe tre:on se ne >en8 mun8 te mos <ete len8e te pare te m7aAtueshme ose a7o nu< >ihet 8ot ne le>i;7e, shAryte;imi 8he perpunimi i 8rurit nu< re;ulton me =ilesi 8he eAe<ti>itet, ose te :7ithe <eta Aa<tore te <om?inuar se ?ash<u, et.
Tirane, Mars 2005
/0
TAB, /, *ONAT E MBROJTURA DHE TURISTI!E .,+, Rr'#ti #9=i%tu#% i =ona;# t Nr, E #rti i i *M 1 2 / 3 5 #umi i ashit Thethi #ura #u:ina e Val?on9s M9shte<na e No>ose7it5Shishta>e= 6 Velipo7a 2 Kune * Vain 1 B9r;an9 10 Te75%rini5Bar8h9 11 !a;ma 12 #u;ni5Bula= 1/ B7esh<a e ,roshit TOTA"I $ro'tura n =onn ;#rior# i !at, # IU1N $D'KF $D'KF $D'KF $D'KF $$$DMNF $VD!NMF $VD!NMF $VD!NMF $VD!NMF $VD!NMF V V$ V$ Sip,H&a /,000 2,6/0 1,2*0 *,000 /00 200 *00 1,500 **0 /0 1,500 5,100 3,200 /1,220 Rr#t&i
Viti %&pa??'#% 1116 1166 1166 1116 11*1 11*5 1130 1130 1122 1116 2000 1166 1166
Tirane, Mars 2005
/1
Siperfaqja ne ha e ZM
!u$i i 'ashit Thethi !ura !u(ina e V bones Meshtek. e )o&osejit Ve ipoja Kune Vain Ber*ane Tej-Drini-Bardhe +a*$a !u*ni-Bu a, Bjeshka e -roshit
TAB, -, *ONAT E MBROJTURA DHE TURISTI!E NE *ONEN VERIORE SIPAS STRATE)JISE SE BIODIVERSITETIT6 .FFF Kat, sipas $"EN $V $V V$ $$5 V V$ V $$$ Sip.Qha Viti i shpall7e s 5,*0 1130 N 0 2000 2,/0 1162 N 0 2000 5,000 2000 21,0* 2 /,000 1,00 0 10,32 0 3 2 1166 N 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Nr '!&-&KT !rethet "!) 1. #e;h9 #e;h9 Kur?in Mir8it9 2. Sh<o89r Sh<o89r 'u<e M. Ma8he /. Ku<9s Ku<9s Has
&mri i .MQ'K Kune5Vain, ry<a e %rinit 5 Matit ,Ee<a, B9r;ana -ush95Kuqe, ry<98. e Matit5 ry<98. e $shmit B7esh<a e ,roshit Thethi, #iq. Sh<o8r9s, ry<98. e Bunes5Velipo7e T9r?uni !a;ma, Bo:9 7ali=9 #um9s5Shishta>e=, M9shte<na e Shishta>e=it, 'ylli i Helshanit5Bu;a e #iqenit t9 -ier;9s, Te7 %rini i Bar8h9
'9rsh<rimi Komple<s la:unor !e;er>9 natyrore &<osistem py7or5 malor #iqeni, par< <om?9tar 8he 'yll i >ir:79r 'i<a turisti<e 8he <urati>e Masi> malor9 8he <omple<s ?otani< natyror 'y7e 8usha8hi i Harush9s, #umi i ashit5Eurra7, Val?ona #ur9, #u;ni5Bula=, Masi>i i Kora?it, Vlasha7, 'ylli i )llamanit5)rrneni, #iqeni i .i, Kunor95Valmor9, .all5 7oCa7, #iqe7t e 9rmen7it5 Bal:7a7t, Martaneshi $ $$ V 0 10,00 0 Bulqi;9 Mat Totali T,T)#$ $ 0 $$5$$$ 0 26,22 0 103.36/ 1,61 1116 N 2000 /,0/ 2000 'ylli >ir:79r5 re;er>9 natyrore 8he #iqeni i .i 'y7e t9 >ir:79r 8he liqe7t9 e 9rmen7it 21,0 00 12,00 1116 N 2000 1166 N 2000 Masi> py7or i >ir:79r 8he peisa;h natyror s<eni< aA9r )lpe>e 'ar<u <om?9tar5J#ur9K 8he mali i Kora?it
3.
%i?9r
%i?9r
Ta$, 2, BIMT MJE!ESORE NATYRORE !RYESORE NE *ONEN VERIORE C f?ora %pontan# nat:ror# D 'oten= iali i pro8h. DtonF *6* 1111 5/2 103/ 31/ #lo7et, sip9rAaq7a 8he e<sporti6 2003 D ton F &mri shqip %9llin79 e ;e;9, Tr9n8aAil i e:9r, Borono=9 %9llin79 e ;e;9, Tr9n8aAil i e:9r, Borono=9 Borono=9 %9llin7a, Trum9;a Shere?el9, Ma7i i Malit Boroni=9 %9llin79 e <uqe .hum?ri=e Trum9;a &mri latinisht )reali i sip9rAaqes, ha
Nr. !rethi
2. 5. 11. 12. 1*.
Bulqi;9 %i?9r Has Ku<9s Kur?in
Saturea montana 2/.000 !osa =anina Va==inium myrtillus Thymus spp. 12.000 !osa =anina Va==inium myrtillus Matri=aria =hamomilla /00 +uniperus spp. Saturea montana Sal>ia oAAi=inalis 13.000 Si8eritis roeseri Va==inium myrtillus +uniperus o@i=e8rus 1.300 Ver?as=um thapsiAorme Saturea montana //
Tirane, Mars 2005
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut 22. 23. 25. 21. /1. /5. M. Ma8he Mat Mir8it9 'u<9 Sh<o89r Tropo79 T,T)#$ 15/2 1212 1213 1355 20*1 1312 /1/22 Shere?el9 Trum9;a %9llin79 e <uqe Shero<ulli %9llin7a .hum?ri=9 Trum9;a .hum?ri=9, Trum9; %9llin79 e <uqe Shere?el9, Trum9; %9llin79 e <uqe Shere?el9 Trum9;a Boroni=9 Eyno8on 8a=tylon Saturea montana +uniperus o@i=e8rus Eol=hi=um autumnale !u?us ulmiAolius Thymus spp. Saturea montana Thymus spp. Saturea montana +uniperus oyi=e8rus Sal>ia oAAi=inalis Saturea montana +uniperus o@i=e8rus Sal>ia oAAi=inalis Saturea montana Va==inium myrtillus //.000 1./00 11.000 12,000 2,000 2,050
. ora Spontane )atyrore

Bu qi*e Diber Has Kukes Kurbin M e Madhe Mat Mirdite Puke Shkoder Tropoje
Tirane, Mars 2005
/3
Ta$, 3, +, BIMET MJE!ESORE NATYRORE NE *ONEN VERIORE TE SHQIPERISE
Tirane, Mars 2005
/5
NQ!
BM
1. 2. / 3. 5. 6. *. 1. 10. 11. 12. 1/. 13. 15.
Shere?ela Trume;a !i:oni %ellin7e ;e;e %ellin7e <uqe Murri;i #ule ?liri Tren8aAili e:er .hum?ri=e San;a Kulum?ri Salepi Ma7 mali Boroni=a
Ku<es Sip.Q ha 52/ 311 0 32* 1550 0 0 13 66 6 0 0 0 2020
'r.Qt on 101 66 0 20 *0 / 0 12 10 5 2 0.5 0 200
Has Sip. Qha 200 200 0 /00 500 0 2 10 /0 0 0 0 200
'r.Qto n 10 /0 0 10 20 2 0.5 5 5 0 0 0 100
Tropo7e Sip.Qha 'r.Qt on 10 0.5 310 12 100 10.2 2* 2 0 0 16 / 0 0 2/ 1 111 30 15 1/ 0 1/20 10 /3 0.1 1.2 0 15
%i?er Sip.Qha 'r.Qton 520 *0 0 2025 500 12 /3 1510 220 5 0 0 11 2500 /0 12 0 10 12 / 1 3* 1* / 0 0.2 0.5 15
Bulqi;e Sip.Q 'r.Qto ha n 210 10 0 0 0 *00 /0 121 6 0 0 20 3 500 20 0 0 0 0 1 500 0 0 0 0 0.1 20
Mat Sip.Qh a 253 20// 31/ 0 2221 15 0 2500 *61 /10 0 0 0 1000
'r.Qto n 23 52 10 0 5* 3 0 0 25 21 0 0 0 10
Ta$, 3,., BIMET MJE!ESORE NATYRORE NE *ONEN VERIORE TE SHQIPERISE
Tirane, Mars 2005
/6
NQ!
BM
1. 2. /. 3. 5. 6. 2. *. 1. 10. 11. 12. 1/. 13. 15.
Shere?el a Trume;a %aAina !i:oni %9llin7e ;e; %ellin7e <uqe Murri;i #ule ?liri Tr9n8aAi li e:9r .hum?ri =9 San;a Mersina Kulum? ria Salepi Boroni= a
#e;h9 Sip.Q 'r.Qt ha on 23*1 562 23/1 0 52 0 1626 121 0 26 **1 0 1* 21 1 0 2// 0 / 0 1 3 0 0.1 */ 0 * 0.3 0.06 0
Kur?in Sip.Qha 150 1*3 0 53 23 /20 22 2 / 2*6 0 /22 2 3 0
'r.Qt on 20 1/0 0 12 20 260 2 0.5 /5 1*2 0 /1/ 1 1 0
Mir8it9 Sip.Qha 'r.Qton 20/ 1262 0 152 1/20 3000 26 0 30 21/6 1/0 0 0 0 512 10* 12* 0 10 30 300 5 0 1 1* 6 0 0 0.1 50
Sh<o89r Sip.Qha 'r.Qt on //*3 */2 2/25 0 212 115 1200 1/1 /3 50 51* 252 3* 0 1* 10 501 0 36 22 260 12 1 * 2* 2* 2.5 0 0.2 1*
M. Ma8he Sip.Qha 'r.Qt on 2000 /00 1/00 0 100 100 6/2 1/0 20 /0 300 120 20 0 5 20 /10 0 20 10 10* 6 3 / 20 10 1.0 0 0.1 3
'u<9 Sip.Qha 'r.Qt on 12 0.2 221* 0 602 0 5150 16 0 30 /*22 15 0 0 0 5000 60 0 21 0 132 / 0 5 /1 10 0 0 0 100
TAB, 4, S!EMA E )RUMBU""IMIT8 PERPUNIMIT DHE E!SPORTIT TE BIMEVE MJE!ESORE NATYRORE NE SHQIPERI
+ +2 Tirane, Mars 2005
++
+/
/2
+F
+.
+-
MA)A*IN AT QENDROR E
)RUMBU""UES PERPUNUES EJPORT
)RUMBU""UES PERPUNUES EJPORT
1.1.IMPORTUES
)RUMBU""UES 3F64F MIJE8 N)A TE 1I"ET BRUTO -F8 PERPUNUES6 EJPORTUES +F6+. TAB, 5, 0AUNA DHE )JUETIA6!A"ENDARI I TYRE I "EJUAR
Nr,
SPE1IET E )JAHUT
!a?#ndari i <'u#ti% 0i??i i
M$ari i
Tirane, Mars 2005
/*
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut $. )'itart 1. 2. $$.*o<'t 1. 2. /. Turtulli D Streptopelia turturF Shkurta (Aoturni< 9oturni<" !osa t9 e:ra D)nas ssp.F 5Krye<uqe e ma8he D)nas penelopeF 5 Kuq7a D)nas platyrhyn=hosF 5 rilla D)nas =re==aF 5 !osa e ;e;9 D)nas streperaF 5 Sqeplu:a D)nas =lypeataF 5Marsator7a D)nas querque8ulaF Sha%k u'i *allina/o /allina/o Ba'z >uli9a atra Thellz mali 7le9toris /rae9a Pllumb i e/r Aolumba li(ia Ier(ish *alerida 9ristata )auresh 7lauda ar(ensis *ar/ulli i zi Sturnus (ul/aris !llen' Turdus merula Sha%k S9olo%a< rusti9ola TushatB 5 Tush9 mali Tur8us >is=i>orus 5 Tush9 Aushe Tur8us pilaris
III. Tjera
Lepuri i egr (Lepus europaeus) %help9ra DVulpes >ulpesF
01 N9ntor 01 N9ntor 01 Shtator 01 Shtator
/1 +anar /1 +anar /0 Shtator /1 Tetor
01 Tetor
2* Sh<urt
3. 5. 6. 2. *. 1. 10. 11. 12. 1/.
01 Tetor 01 Tetor 15 Tetor 15 Tetor 15 Tetor 15 Tetor 01 N9ntor 01 N9ntor 01 N9ntor 01 N9ntor
2* Sh<urt 2* Sh<urt /1 +anar /1 +anar /1 +anar /1 +anar 2* Sh<urt 2* Sh<urt 2* Sh<urt 2* Sh<urt
1. 2.
Krmilli (+eli< %omatia" Bretkos =ana ridibunda
01 Ma7 15 !a'
/1 Tetor /1 Tetor
Ta$, I, INVENTARI I 0AUNES SE E)ER NE *ONEN VERIORE Nr, Sp#(i#t Tirane, Mars 2005 E ri ?atin Ar#a?i i pr&ap'#% Nu ri i /1
Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut indi;id;# 1 2 / 3 5 6 2 * 1 10 11 12 1/ 13 15 16 )riu i murm9 Ma=7a e e:9r !iqe?ulli #un89r;a %h7a e e:9r Kaprolli Bal8osa "7estris -eli@ lyn@ #. lutra !upi=apra rupi=apra E. =apreolus M. meles Eanis lupus Eanis ssp. Vulpes >ulpes Martes Aoina Sus s=roAa #epus europaeus 'heasant )le=toris :rae=a 'eli=anus =rispus N9 ;ona m?i *00 m N9 lart9sit9 e male>e /00 250
N9 py7e t9 8en8ur e t9 1/ >ir:79r N9 li:atina 2/0 N9 ma7a t9 thepisura N9 ;ona t9 thella py7ore N9 ult9sira 8he li:atina N9aA9rsi t9 4.B. J J N9 ;onat e ul9ta N9 shpella e py7e N9 ult9sira $ <ulti>uar !r9;9 male>e N9 liqenin e Sh<o8r9s 500 150 1200 1250 60 12000 1500 /60 25,000 /5 /0,000 25
Tirane, Mars 2005
30
#n&entari i faunes se e(er ne *onen &eriore
Ariu i murme Macja e eger Riqebulli Lun er!a "#ia e eger $aprolli %al osa &jku 'akalli "#elpra $una #ja "erri i eger Lepuri i eger (a!ani )#elle!e mali *elikani kacurrel
Tirane, Mars 2005
31
T,-.1.. P/012 1 3456075 87 9:878 3154:51 27 S;<4=754>7" 2..5 N5 . 1 MASIVI R512;4 S4=. &;,' 000 000 100 5%0 400 554 5 200 700 337 1 700 1 010 300 254 4 600 1 000 1 %%4 4 745 3 111 438%75 3 % 3 1 1 756 1 1 65 144 0% 5%% 1%0 35 734 35 1 % 73 330 70 370 1 5%% 13
VL S=1@41 AA242BC M:>
LIMI
P JOR
&M? '
2 Ah,Bre Ah,&i,' Ah Ah,&a,. Bre,Ah, Bre,Ah, Ah, Lis Ah &i,Lis Ah, &i Ah Ah,Bre, Ah Ah Ah Ah Ah,&i Ah,&i0,
, D 40030017030013001600350%50600130010001000110040000400350350-
;, 150 140 140 130 110 1 0 100 130 140 140 110 100 130 110 70 130 145 140
Lumi Gashit !a"#o$a 3 (i)aj *rtur 4 +ri$i i #ar,h 5 Luma 6 Arr$ 7 Lu0$i Bu"a1 % Gr3)a 4ets 2 !"ashaj 10 5a""-Ggjo6aj 11 .usha e 5e0 1 Tu6 13 Li7a,het e 14 !u)e" (i)1 15 4h""a) 1 16 Broj 17 Bjesh)a e 9roshit 1% *u$e""a Tota"i
Tropoj Tropoj Tropoj -as /u)s /u)s +i#r +i#r +i#r *at 4h)o, &u) *8*a, *8 * *8 *ir,it *ir,it
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 000 4%4
Tirane, Mars 2005
32

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M o u n t E v e r e s t ,

STUDIMI I BURIMEVE NATYRORE T RAJONIT VERIOR T SHQIPRIS

$#%&t#t'#n finan(iar# t# )T*

7.2.#.1 $kosistemet %&'ore dhe biodi(ersiteti n Theth...................................17

!'edisi bu'1sor...................................................................................................26 T ardhurat mu'ore..............................................................................................26

1.1. $M',!T"&S............................................................................................................................../* T)B. *. -)"N) %H& +"&T$)5K)#&N%)!$ $ T0!& $ #&+")!............................................../*

)e%uri i e/r ()e%us euro%aeus" ......................................................................02

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

3,., SHTRIRJA )JEO)RA0I!E E *ONS VERIORE

Tirane, Mars 2005

6.3.ELEMENTET KR ESOR GJEOGRAFIK DHE NAT ROR

Tirane, Mars 2005

-, Var:mali i Kora?it 5 Koles7an 5 7ali=95 5B7esh<9t e Shishta>e=it

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

!. PRSHKRIMI I BURIMEVE NAT RORE"TURISTIKE

NAT RORE T RAJONIT VERIOR

Tirane, Mars 2005

!.2.ALPET SH#IPTARE VERIORE

Tirane, Mars 2005

!.2.1 $LUMI I GASHIT%

Tirane, Mars 2005

$VELIPOJ ) VILUN% &SHKODR'

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Tirane, Mars 2005

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

TAB,+, PYJET N *ONN VERIORE B HIERAR!IA E SIPR0AQES

NQ! 1. 2. /. 3. 5. 6. 2. *. 1. 10. 11.

Pyjet ne Zonen Veriore-Hierarkia e Siperfaqes

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

526 1,251 22* 1,262 5 2,212 5 /,202

Te dhena per "ksport-#$port e !endes se drurit dhe %rtikuj&e te drurit

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Tirane, Mars 2005

2. 5. 11. 12. 1*.

Bulqi;9 %i?9r Has Ku<9s Kur?in

Tirane, Mars 2005

. ora Spontane )atyrore

Tirane, Mars 2005

Kola, H., Meta, M., Burimet Natyrore te Shqiperise se Veriut

Ta$, 3, +, BIMET MJE!ESORE NATYRORE NE *ONEN VERIORE TE SHQIPERISE

Tirane, Mars 2005

1.1. $M',!T"&S............................................................................................................................../* T)B. . -)"N) %H& +"&T$)5K)#&N%)!$ $ T0!& $ #&+")!............................................../

Kur?in Sip.Qha 150 13 0 53 23 /20 22 2 / 26 0 /22 2 3 0